An x-ray window comprises a housing with a flange encircling an aperture. A thin film is located on the flange and spans the aperture. An adhesive is between an outer ring of the thin film and the flange. The adhesive mounts the thin film to the housing. The adhesive comprises silver and carbon.
C09J 1/00 - Adhesives based on inorganic constituents
C09J 5/06 - Adhesive processes in generalAdhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers involving heating of the applied adhesive
A collimator for an x-ray tube can be a monolithic, integral structure. The collimator can include a proximal-end closest to a cathode and a distal-end farthest from the cathode. The proximal-end can adjoin a vacuum inside of the x-ray tube. The distal-end can adjoin the air. The collimator can include an aperture extending therethrough. An x-ray window can be mounted across the aperture. The aperture can include a collimation-region between the x-ray window and the distal-end, and a drift-region between the x-ray window and the proximal-end. X-rays can be generated inside of the collimator.
An x-ray window 60 or 70 can include a thin film 61 sealed to a support structure 10. The support structure 10 can include an outer ring 11 encircling an outer ring aperture 15, an inner ring 12 encircling an inner aperture, and multiple spokes 13. The inner ring 12 can be located in the outer ring aperture 15. The inner ring 12 can be attached to the outer ring 11 by the multiple spokes 13. The support structure 10 shapes can optimize strength and percent open area.
An x-ray window can include an adhesive layer sandwiched between and providing a hermetic seal between a thin film and a housing. The adhesive layer can include liquid crystal polymer. The liquid crystal polymer can be opaque, gas-tight, made of low atomic number elements, able to withstand high temperature, low outgassing, low leakage, able to relieve stress in the x-ray window thin film, capable of bonding to many different materials, or combinations thereof.
C09J 161/00 - Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesAdhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
C09J 167/00 - Adhesives based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainAdhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
As an x-ray tube expands and contracts during heating and cooling, its hermetic seal can be damaged. A more robust hermetic seal, particularly as the x-ray tube is heated and cooled, is desirable. The x-ray tube described herein can include a proximal-housing 13 and a distal-housing 14, which can be connected to each other by an interface-ring 15 for improved hermetic seal. Added x-ray tube weight, of material used for blocking x-rays, can make it difficult to transport the x-ray tube. Reducing this weight is desirable. A maximum outer diameter Dp of the proximal-housing 13 can be greater than a maximum outer diameter Dd of the distal-housing 14, for improved blocking of x-rays. This diameter difference can allow improved x-ray shielding with less material.
X-rays can be used for material identification. X-ray beam purity, target adhesion the x-ray window, and a robust hermetic seal of the x-ray window are useful. To achieve these objectives, a target 17 can be mounted by an adhesion-layer 16 on the x-ray window. The adhesion-layer 16 can include chromium. A sealing-layer 13 can seal the x-ray window to a flange 19. Material of the sealing-layer 13 can be different from material of the adhesion-layer 16. There can be a gap 21 between the flange 19 and the target 17. There can be a conductive-layer 18 on the x-ray window 14 in the gap 21. A thickness Ts of the adhesion-layer 16 between the sealing-layer 13 and the x-ray window 14 can be different than a thickness Tt of the adhesion-layer 16 between the target 17 and the x-ray window 14.
A monolithic housing for an x-ray source can wrap at least partially around a power supply and an x-ray tube. The monolithic housing can include Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Si, Sr, Zn, or combinations thereof. Mg can be a major component of the monolithic housing. The monolithic housing can be formed by injection molding. The monolithic housing can provide one or more of the following advantages: (a) light weight (for easier transport), (b) high electrical conductivity (to protect the user from electrical shock), (c) high thermal conductivity (to remove heat generated during use), (d) corrosion resistance, (e) high strength, and (f) high electromagnetic interference shielding (to shield power supply components from external noise, to shield other electronic components from power supply noise, or both).
A metasurface optical device can include an array of pillars 13 on a first-side 11f of a substrate 11 aligned with an aperture 15 of, or proximate to, a blocking-layer 12. The blocking-layer 12 can located on the first-side 11f of the substrate 11, on a second-side 11s of the substrate 11 opposite of the first-side 11f, or both. The blocking-layer 12 can prevent light from transmitting through the device in undesirable locations. The blocking-layer 12 can be opaque to incident light and can include an absorptive-layer. Thus, the blocking-layer 12 can have dual functions—blocking and absorbing light.
A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can include a flexible substrate. The flexible substrate might be desirable for WGP flexibility or to aid in further processing of the WGP. Wires of the WGP can include flexible ribs to minimize or avoid defects such as cracks in the WGP. An etch stop layer in the wires can allow formation of the flexible ribs without delamination of a reflective portion of the wires. The WGP embodiments herein can have improved flexibility, stretchablility, compressibility, or combinations thereof with reduced cracking, collapse, and delamination of wires or ribs.
The x-ray windows herein can have low gas permeability, low outgassing, high strength, low visible and infrared light transmission, high x-ray flux, low atomic number materials, corrosion resistance, high reliability, and low-cost. The x-ray window can include a film 11 with a polymer layer 22 and a graphite layer 21. The film 11 can consist essentially of graphite and polymer. Most of the film 11 can be the graphite layer 21. The polymer layer 22 can be a small portion of the film 11.
A planar filament for an x-ray tube can have a different cross-sectional area at different locations. In regions of smaller cross-sectional area, there can be higher current density, and thus increased heating and higher temperature of the wire. In regions of larger cross-sectional area, there can be lower current density, and thus decreased heating of the wire. Regions of larger cross-sectional area can also be stronger, thus reducing early filament failures. Wider regions can have increased area for electron emission. By adjusting the cross-sectional area and width of the wire at different locations, electron emission can be largely confined to a center of the filament, and filament life can increase.
A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can include an array of support-ribs on a substrate. Sides of the support-ribs can be inclined to one side. A wire can be applied on an upper-side and distal end of each support-rib, each wire being separate from wires on adjacent support-ribs. The WGP can be made with reduced or no etching.
A method of making a polarizer can include applying a liquid with solid inorganic nanoparticles dispersed throughout a continuous phase, then forming this into a different phase including a solid, interconnecting network of the inorganic nanoparticles. This method can improve manufacturability and reducing manufacturing cost. This method can be used to provide an antireflective coating, to provide a protective coating on polarization structures, to provide thin films for optical properties, or to form the polarization structures themselves.
B29D 11/00 - Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
G03F 7/00 - Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printed surfacesMaterials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresistsApparatus specially adapted therefor
B82Y 40/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
e tilt toward and partially face the sputter target. This shape also helps direct more electrons to a center of the target 14, and reduce electron emission in undesired directions.
Optical metasurfaces can manipulate a light wavefront without traditional lenses. They can include pillars with subwavelength dimensions on a substrate. The pillars can vary in size, shape, and spacing across a surface of the substrate. Each pillar size and shape can diffract incident light and provide a unique electromagnetic response. The metasurface can provide desired light wavefront manipulation without the thickness of traditional lenses. The metasurface can overcome the aberration problem of traditional lenses. An overcoat layer can be located at a distal-end of the pillars. Pillar pitch can be adjusted for uniform spacing between pillars, and uniform overcoat coverage. The overcoat layer can protect the pillars. An alternative to the overcoat layer is a solid fill-material filling gaps between the pillars.
A voltage-multiplier can be more compact by arrangement in a stack of separate voltage-multiplier-stages. Each of the voltage-multiplier-stages can include electronic-components on a planar-face of a circuit-board. The planar-face of each circuit-board can be parallel with respect to other circuit-boards in the stack. The electronic-components on each voltage-multiplier-stage can be configured to multiply an input-voltage to provide an output-voltage with a higher voltage than the input-voltage. Each voltage-multiplier-stage in the stack can be electrically coupled to two adjacent voltage-multiplier-stages, except that two outermost voltage-multiplier-stages of the stack can be electrically coupled to only one adjacent voltage-multiplier-stage of the stack.
H05G 1/32 - Supply voltage of the X-ray apparatus or tube
H05G 1/20 - Power supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube with high-frequency ACPower supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube with pulse trains
H05G 1/52 - Target size or shapeDirection of electron beam, e.g. in tubes with one anode and more than one cathode
An x-ray tube can include an x-ray window sealed to a mount. An inner-collimator can be adjacent to, but not sealed to, the x-ray window. The inner-collimator can be sandwiched between the x-ray window and an insulating-layer. The insulating-layer can span an inner-collimator-aperture of the inner-collimator, forming an isolated cavity at the inner-collimator-aperture. Walls of the cavity can include the x-ray window, the inner-collimator, and the insulating-layer. The x-ray tube can have a light weight, can block x-rays in undesirable directions, and can shape the x-ray beam.
An x-ray tube 10 can have (a) an enclosure electrically-insulating a cathode 11 from an anode 12; (b) a coating-ring 18 on an inner-face of the enclosure, the coating-ring 18 encircling a longitudinal-axis 16 of the enclosure; and (c) an interruption-ring 19 located at the inner-face of the enclosure at a different location than the coating-ring 18. The interruption-ring 19 can encircle the longitudinal-axis 16 at a different location along the longitudinal-axis 16 with respect to the coating-ring 18. The interruption-ring 19 can encircle the longitudinal-axis 16 at a different radius from the longitudinal-axis 16 than the coating-ring 18. The coating-ring 18 and the interruption-ring 19 can reduce uneven electrical charge build-up on the inner-face of the enclosure, and can protect the triple-point.
A monolithic housing for an x-ray source can wrap at least partially around a power supply and an x-ray tube. The monolithic housing can include Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Si, Sr, Zn, or combinations thereof. Mg can be a major component of the monolithic housing. The monolithic housing can be formed by injection molding. The monolithic housing can provide one or more of the following advantages: (a) light weight (for easier transport), (b) high electrical conductivity (to protect the user from electrical shock), (c) high thermal conductivity (to remove heat generated during use), (d) corrosion resistance, (e) high strength, and (f) high electromagnetic interference shielding (to shield power supply components from external noise, to shield other electronic components from power supply noise, or both).
The reflective wire grid polarizers herein can withstand ultraviolet light without rapid degradation and can have high performance in the ultraviolet spectrum. In one example, each wire can include a metal layer, a pair of low index layers, a silicon layer, and a high index layer. The metal layer can be sandwiched between the pair of low index layers. The metal layer and the pair of low index layers can be sandwiched between the silicon layer and the high index layer. In another example, each wire can include a metal layer and a silicon layer. The silicon layer can be thicker than the metal layer. Thus, the silicon layer can be relatively thick, and can be the main polarizing component of the wire. The metal layer can be added for increased reflectance.
In an x-ray source, an isolation circuit can isolate bias voltage at a cathode from a bias voltage at an alternating current source (AC source). The isolation circuit can transfer alternating current from the AC source to the cathode. The isolation circuit can be made repeatedly with minimal variation or failed parts, can be light, and can be small. The isolation circuit can include planar transformer(s). Each planar transformer can include a primary trace on a primary circuit board and a secondary trace on a secondary circuit board. The primary trace and the secondary trace can each include a spiral shape. The primary trace can be located in close proximity to the secondary trace such that alternating electrical current through the primary trace will induce alternating electrical current through the secondary trace.
An x-ray window can include a boron-film 12 and an aluminum-film 52 spanning an aperture 15 of a support-frame 11. The boron-film 12 and the aluminum-film 52 can be the only films, or the primary films, spanning the aperture. The boron-film 12 can include boron and hydrogen. An annular-film 32 can adjoin the support-frame 11, on an opposite side of the support-frame 11 from the boron-film 12. The annular-film 32 can include boron and hydrogen. The annular-film 32 can have the same material composition as, and can be similar in thickness with, the boron-film 12.
The x-ray windows herein can have low gas permeability, low outgassing, high strength, low visible and infrared light transmission, high x-ray flux, low atomic number materials, corrosion resistance, high reliability, and low-cost. The x-ray window can include a film 11 with a polymer layer 22 and a graphite layer 21. The film 11 can consist essentially of graphite and polymer. Most of the film 11 can be the graphite layer 21. The polymer layer 22 can be a small portion of the film 11.
A reflective wire grid polarizer (WGP) can include an array of wires 12 on a face of a substrate 11, with channels 15 between adjacent wires 12. The wires 12 can have certain characteristics for WGP performance, such as index of refraction, alternating high/low index continuous thin films, thickness of layer(s), duty cycle, reflective rib shape, a curved side of transparent ribs 21 or 32, aspect ratio, or combinations thereof.
The wire grid polarizers 10 and 30 described herein, and wire grid polarizers made by methods described herein, can have high performance across a broad range of the ultraviolet spectrum and across a broad angle of incidence. These polarizers can be durable (resistant to heat, moisture, ultraviolet light, and oxidation). The polarizer can include an array of wires 15 on a substrate 11. Each wire 15 can have a silicon core 12 and a pair of silicon dioxide ribs 13. The core 12 can be sandwiched between the pair of ribs 13, with each rib 13 adjacent to a sidewall 12s of the core 12. A rib width W13 can be ≥4 nm. Each wire 15 can also include a silicon dioxide cap 14. The core 12 can be encircled by a silicon dioxide ring 17.
A collimator for an x-ray tube can be a monolithic, integral structure. The collimator can include a proximal-end closest to a cathode and a distal-end farthest from the cathode. The proximal-end can adjoin a vacuum inside of the x-ray tube. The distal-end can adjoin the air. The collimator can include an aperture extending therethrough. An x-ray window can be mounted across the aperture. The aperture can include a collimation-region between the x-ray window and the distal-end, and a drift-region between the x-ray window and the proximal-end. X-rays can be generated inside of the collimator.
A high voltage power supply can be compact with shielded electronic components. The power supply can include multiple stages separated by circuit boards. Electronic components for each stage can be directly soldered to adjacent circuit boards. Traces can pass through and electrically couple electronic components on each side of the circuit board between them.
A monolithic housing for an x-ray source can wrap at least partially around a power supply and an x-ray tube. The monolithic housing can include Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Si, Sr, Zn, or combinations thereof. Mg can be a major component of the monolithic housing. The monolithic housing can be formed by injection molding. The monolithic housing can provide one or more of the following advantages: (a) light weight (for easier transport), (b) high electrical conductivity (to protect the user from electrical shock), (c) high thermal conductivity (to remove heat generated during use), (d) corrosion resistance, (e) high strength, and (f) high electromagnetic interference shielding (to shield power supply components from external noise, to shield other electronic components from power supply noise, or both).
Optical devices with different regions or pixels can form an image. An opaque-region 14 can be used to separate different pixels. Sometimes the optical device needs to be flexible, for elongation or stretching onto a curved surface. But, the opaque-region 14 can be damaged as it is stretched. A flexible optical device can include a modified opaque-region 14 for improved flexibility. The opaque-region 14 can include a thin-film 12 with multiple cavities 13, multiple zones 63, or both. Each zone 63 can have a shape optimized to both block incoming light and for flexibility. Each zone 63 can be encircled and separated from adjacent zones 63 by a groove 62. The cavities 13 and the separate zones 63 can allow the opaque-region 14 to bend or stretch without cracking or delamination of the thin-film 12.
A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can include an array of support-ribs on a substrate. Sides of the support-ribs can be inclined to one side. A wire can be applied on an upper-side and distal end of each support-rib, each wire being separate from wires on adjacent support-ribs. The WGP can be made with reduced or no etching.
G02B 1/00 - Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are madeOptical coatings for optical elements
G02F 1/1335 - Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
31.
Thermoelectric cooler including a single, solid, and electrically insulative support/plate having a planar side directly affixed to upper electrical connections and non-planar side to a raised structure
An x-ray detector can be small and have efficient cooling. In one embodiment, the x-ray detector can comprise a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) with upper electrical connections, a support, a cap, and a silicon drift detector (SDD). A planar side of the support can be directly affixed to upper electrical connections of the TEC. The support can have a non-planar side, opposite of the planar side, with a raised structure. A bottom face of the cap can be affixed to the raised structure, forming a cavity between the cap and the non-planar side of the support. The SDD can be affixed to a top face of the cap. In another embodiment, the non-planar side of the support can face the TEC. In another embodiment, a PIN photodiode can be directly affixed to a plate and the plate directly affixed to upper electrical connections of the TEC.
A wire grid polarizer can have a protective-layer PL on each wire 12 sidewall SW. The protective-layer PL can protect the sidewall SW from corrosion, oxidation, or both. The protective-layer PL can be absent from or thinner at a distal-end DE of the wire 12, farther from the substrate. Polarizer performance degradation, from the protective-layer PL, can be minimized or eliminated by removing the protective-layer PL from the distal-end DE. The invention is particularly applicable to a wire grid polarizer with multiple layers UL and LL, and the upper-layer UL at the distal-end DE is more resistant to corrosion and oxidation than the embedded lower-layer LL.
e tilt toward and partially face the sputter target. This shape also helps direct more electrons to a center of the target 14, and reduce electron emission in undesired directions.
The waveplates herein (A) can have high performance across a broad wavelength range and broad range of incident angles; (B) can be thin; and (C) can withstand a high temperature. The waveplates can include ribs 12 on a substrate 11 with a channel 13 between each pair of adjacent ribs 12. Each rib 12 can include the following layers in the following order moving outward from the substrate: a bottom-medium-layer BM (nBM), a high-layer H (nH), then a top-medium-layer TM (nTM). Each rib 12 can be located on a bottom-low-layer BL (nBL). A top-low-layer TL (nTL) can be located on a face TMF of the top-medium-layer TM farthest from the substrate 11. Relationships between indices of refraction of these layers can be nBL
An x-ray window can include an adhesive layer sandwiched between and providing a hermetic seal between a thin film and a housing. The adhesive layer can include liquid crystal polymer. The liquid crystal polymer can be opaque, gas-tight, made of low atomic number elements, able to withstand high temperature, low outgassing, low leakage, able to relieve stress in the x-ray window thin film, capable of bonding to many different materials, or combinations thereof.
C09J 161/00 - Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesAdhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
C09J 167/00 - Adhesives based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainAdhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
An x-ray tube 10 can have (a) an enclosure electrically-insulating a cathode 11 from an anode 12; (b) a coating-ring 18 on an inner-face of the enclosure, the coating-ring 18 encircling a longitudinal-axis 16 of the enclosure; and (c) an interruption-ring 19 located at the inner-face of the enclosure at a different location than the coating-ring 18. The interruption-ring 19 can encircle the longitudinal-axis 16 at a different location along the longitudinal-axis 16 with respect to the coating-ring 18. The interruption-ring 19 can encircle the longitudinal-axis 16 at a different radius from the longitudinal-axis 16 than the coating-ring 18. The coating-ring 18 and the interruption-ring 19 can reduce uneven electrical charge build-up on the inner-face of the enclosure, and can protect the triple-point.
It would be advantageous to improve polarizer high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, optical properties, and etchability. Composite polarizer materials can be used to achieve this. A polarizer can comprise polarization structures configured for polarization of light. The polarization structures can include a reflective rib, the reflective rib being a composite of two different elements. The polarization structures can include an absorptive rib, the absorptive rib being a composite of two different elements. The polarizer can include a transparent layer, the transparent layer being a composite of two different elements.
A shield around an x-ray tube, a voltage multiplier, or both can improve the manufacturing process by allowing testing earlier in the process and by providing a holder for liquid potting material. The shield can also improve voltage standoff. A shielded x-ray tube can be electrically coupled to a shielded power supply.
X-ray transparent insulation can be sandwiched between an x-ray window and a ground plate. The x-ray transparent insulation can include aluminum nitride, boron nitride, or polyetherimide. The x-ray transparent insulation can include a curved side. The x-ray transparent insulation can be transparent to x-rays and resistant to x-ray damage, and can have high thermal conductivity. An x-ray window can have high thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, high melting point, low cost, and matched coefficient of thermal conductivity with the anode. The x-ray window can be made of tungsten. For consistent x-ray spot size and location, a focusing plate and a filament can be attached to a cathode with an open channel of the focusing plate aligned with a longitudinal dimension of the filament. Tabs of the focusing plate bordering the open channel can be bent to align with a location of the filament.
A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can include a flexible substrate. The flexible substrate might be desirable for WGP flexibility or to aid in further processing of the WGP. Wires of the WGP can include flexible ribs to minimize or avoid defects such as cracks in the WGP. An etch stop layer in the wires can allow formation of the flexible ribs without delamination of a reflective portion of the wires. The WGP embodiments herein can have improved flexibility, stretchability, compressibility, or combinations thereof with reduced cracking, collapse, and delamination of wires or ribs.
A raster scanning x-ray source can be light and small, and can have high resolution. A raster-assembly can be attached directly to and can encircle an x-ray tube. The raster-assembly can adjoin or can be very close to the x-ray tube, resulting in a small and lightweight scanning x-ray source. X-rays can backscatter back into the x-ray tube instead of into a detector, thus improving resolution of the resulting image. A voltage-multiplier, which can be used with the x-ray source, can include separate voltage-multiplier-stages in a stack.
H05G 1/32 - Supply voltage of the X-ray apparatus or tube
H05G 1/20 - Power supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube with high-frequency ACPower supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube with pulse trains
H05G 1/52 - Target size or shapeDirection of electron beam, e.g. in tubes with one anode and more than one cathode
H05G 1/10 - Power supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube
G01N 23/04 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
An x-ray window can include a boron-film 12 and an aluminum-film 52 spanning an aperture 15 of a support-frame 11. The boron-film 12 and the aluminum-film 52 can be the only films, or the primary films, spanning the aperture. The boron-film 12 can include boron and hydrogen. An annular-film 32 can adjoin the support-frame 11, on an opposite side of the support-frame 11 from the boron-film 12. The annular-film 32 can include boron and hydrogen. The annular-film 32 can have the same material composition as, and can be similar in thickness with, the boron-film 12.
A method of making a polarizer can include applying a liquid with solid inorganic nanoparticles dispersed throughout a continuous phase, then forming this into a different phase including a solid, interconnecting network of the inorganic nanoparticles. This method can improve manufacturability and reducing manufacturing cost. This method can be used to provide an antireflective coating, to provide a protective coating on polarization structures, to provide thin films for optical properties, or to form the polarization structures themselves.
G03F 7/00 - Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printed surfacesMaterials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresistsApparatus specially adapted therefor
B82Y 40/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
It would be advantageous to reduce weight and size of high voltage power supplies, to increase frequency of pulses of high voltage, and to improve control of magnitude of high voltage. The embodiments of high voltage power supplies described herein can solve these problems. The high voltage power supply can be used with an x-ray tube. The high voltage power supply can comprise an array of planar transformers each defining a stage with an AC input and a DC output. Each stage can comprise a pair of flat, coil windings adjacent one another and including a primary winding electrically-coupled to the AC input and configured to induce a current in a secondary winding. At least two stages can be electrically-coupled together in series with the DC output of one stage electrically-coupled to an input of the other stage such that a voltage is amplified across the stages.
H05G 1/12 - Power supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube with DC or rectified single-phase AC
H05G 1/20 - Power supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube with high-frequency ACPower supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube with pulse trains
A method for making a wire grid polarizer (WGP) can provide WGPs with high temperature resistance, robust wires, oxidation resistance, and corrosion protection. In one embodiment, the method can comprise: (a) providing an array of wires on a bottom protection layer; (b) applying a top protection layer on the wires, spanning channels between wires; then (c) applying an upper barrier-layer on the top protection layer and into the channels through permeable junctions in the top protection layer. In a variation of this embodiment, the method can further comprise applying a lower barrier-layer before applying the top protection layer. In another variation, the bottom protection layer and the top protection layer can include aluminum oxide. In another embodiment, the method can comprise applying on the WGP an amino phosphonate then a hydrophobic chemical.
C23C 28/04 - Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of main groups , or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses and only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
C23C 16/455 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into the reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in the reaction chamber
C23C 14/00 - Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
C03B 19/14 - Other methods of shaping glass by gas-phase reaction processes
An x-ray window can include an adhesive layer sandwiched between and providing a hermetic seal between a thin film and a housing. The adhesive layer can include liquid crystal polymer. The liquid crystal polymer can be opaque, gas-tight, made of low atomic number elements, able to withstand high temperature, low outgassing, low leakage, able to relieve stress in the x-ray window thin film, capable of bonding to many different materials, or combinations thereof.
C09J 161/00 - Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesAdhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
C09J 167/00 - Adhesives based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainAdhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
A shield around an x-ray tube, a voltage multiplier, or both can improve the manufacturing process by allowing testing earlier in the process and by providing a holder for liquid potting material. The shield can also improve voltage standoff. A shielded x-ray tube can be electrically coupled to a shielded power supply.
An x-ray window can include a thin film that comprises boron. The thin film can be relatively thin, such as for example ≤200 nm. This x-ray window can be strong; can have high x-ray transmissivity; can be impervious to gas, visible light, and infrared light; can be easy of manufacture; can be made of materials with low atomic numbers, or combinations thereof. The thin film can include an aluminum layer. A support structure can provide additional support to the thin film. The support structure can include a support frame encircling an aperture and support ribs extending across the aperture with gaps between the support ribs. The support structure can also include boron ribs aligned with the support ribs.
An optical device can comprise wires 12 on a face of a substrate 11, with channel(s) 13 between adjacent wires 12. Each wire 12 can include embedded organic moieties. Each wire 12 can include multiple ribs 31. Part or all of the wire 12, the substrate 11, or both can have a high refractive index n and a low extinction coefficient k. The optical device can have reduced separation of layers of different materials during flexing and temperature changes. The optical device can be manufactured by a method designed for improved manufacturability.
A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can include an array of support-ribs on a substrate. Sides of the support-ribs can be inclined to one side. A wire can be applied on an upper-side and distal end of each support-rib, each wire being separate from wires on adjacent support-ribs. The WGP can be made with reduced or no etching.
A polarizer can have high contrast. This high contrast polarizer can be useful in applications requiring minimal leakage of an undesired polarization through the polarizer. The high contrast polarizer can include a substrate sandwiched between a reflective polarizer and an absorptive polarizer. The high contrast polarizer can include a reflective polarizer sandwiched between a substrate and an absorptive polarizer. The high contrast polarizer can include an absorptive polarizer sandwiched between reflective polarizers.
X-ray transparent insulation can be sandwiched between an x-ray window and a ground plate. The x-ray transparent insulation can include aluminum nitride, boron nitride, or polyetherimide. The x-ray transparent insulation can include a curved side. The x-ray transparent insulation can be transparent to x-rays and resistant to x-ray damage, and can have high thermal conductivity. An x-ray window can have high thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, high melting point, low cost, and matched coefficient of thermal conductivity with the anode. The x-ray window can be made of tungsten. For consistent x-ray spot size and location, a focusing plate and a filament can be attached to a cathode with an open channel of the focusing plate aligned with a longitudinal dimension of the filament. Tabs of the focusing plate bordering the open channel can be bent to align with a location of the filament.
It would be advantageous to improve polarizer high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, optical properties, and etchability. Composite polarizer materials can be used to achieve this. A polarizer can comprise polarization structures configured for polarization of light. The polarization structures can include a reflective rib, the reflective rib being a composite of two different elements. The polarization structures can include an absorptive rib, the absorptive rib being a composite of two different elements. The polarizer can include a transparent layer, the transparent layer being a composite of two different elements.
Polarizing optical devices described herein, and polarizing optical devices resulting from methods described herein, can be small and can have high heat tolerance. Wires of wire grid polarizers can be attached directly to prisms of the polarizing optical devices, allowing for small size. Multiple polarizing optical devices can be attached by adhesive-free bonding techniques, allowing high heat tolerance.
A reflective wire grid polarizer (WGP) can include an array of wires 12 on a face of a substrate 11, with channels 15 between adjacent wires 12. The wires 12 can have certain characteristics for WGP performance, such as index of refraction, alternating high/low index continuous thin films, thickness of layer(s), duty cycle, reflective rib shape, a curved side of transparent ribs 21 or 32, aspect ratio, or combinations thereof.
Each wire of a wire grid polarizer (WGP) can include the following layers moving outwards from the substrate: a high-index-layer, a low-index-layer, and a reflective-layer. Each wire can have a distal-end, farthest from the substrate, with a convex shape. These layers and the convex shape can be combined for a more stable and improved Rs.
The present invention provides an optical element characterized in that a polarized-light-emitting element for emitting polarized light in the visible region and a non-light-emitting polarizing element for absorbing and/or reflecting light in the visible region are layered.
A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can have a conformal-coating to protect the WGP from at least one of the following: corrosion, dust, and damage due to tensile forces in a liquid on the WGP. The conformal-coating can include a silane conformal-coating with chemical formula (1), chemical formula (2), or combinations thereof:
6 can be an alkyl group, an aryl group, or combinations thereof.
G02B 1/18 - Coatings for keeping optical surfaces clean, e.g. hydrophobic or photo-catalytic films
G02B 1/14 - Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
G02B 1/04 - Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are madeOptical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
C09D 185/02 - Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbonCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers containing phosphorus
C23C 16/455 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into the reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in the reaction chamber
B05D 5/08 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
B05D 1/00 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
60.
ACHROMATIC POLARIZER, ACHROMATIC POLARIZING PLATE USING SAME, AND DISPLAY DEVICE
11 is a phenyl group having a substituent or a naphthyl group having a substituent; and Bg and Cg are each independently represented by formula (3) or formula (4), but one of the two is represented by formula (3).
C09B 31/08 - Disazo dyes from a coupling component "C" containing directive hydroxy and amino groups
C09B 31/22 - Trisazo dyes from a coupling component "D" containing directive hydroxy and amino groups
C09B 33/28 - Tetrazo dyes of the type A → B → K ← C ← D
G02F 1/1335 - Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
H01L 27/32 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including components using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part with components specially adapted for light emission, e.g. flat-panel displays using organic light-emitting diodes
H01L 51/50 - Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof specially adapted for light emission, e.g. organic light emitting diodes (OLED) or polymer light emitting devices (PLED)
2 molecules. The silane coating can be relatively thick and multi-layer. A thicker or multi-layer silane coating can have improved high temperature resistance relative to a thinner or mono-layer silane coating.
G02F 1/1335 - Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
C23C 16/455 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into the reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in the reaction chamber
G02B 1/14 - Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
An x-ray source can include an x-ray tube, and a heat sink for removal of heat from the x-ray tube. The heat sink can be thermally coupled to the anode and can extend away from the anode along a heat sink longitudinal axis. The heat sink can have a base and a fin extending from the base. The base can have a greater thickness nearer the anode, and a reduced thickness along the heat sink longitudinal axis to a smaller thickness farther from the anode.
An x-ray window can include a thin film that comprises boron. The thin film can be relatively thin, such as for example ≤200 nm. This x-ray window can be strong; can have high x-ray transmissivity; can be impervious to gas, visible light, and infrared light; can be easy of manufacture; can be made of materials with low atomic numbers, or combinations thereof. The thin film can include an aluminum layer. A support structure can provide additional support to the thin film. The support structure can include a support frame encircling an aperture and support ribs extending across the aperture with gaps between the support ribs. The support structure can also include boron ribs aligned with the support ribs.
An azo compound which is represented by formula (1) or a salt of this azo compound. (In formula (1), A1represents an optionally substituted phenyl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; each of A2, A3and A4independently represents an optionally substituted phenyl group or an optionally substituted naphthyl group; R1represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C1-4 alkoxy group or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group; m represents an integer of 0-5; M represents a hydrogen atom or ion, a metal ion or an ammonium ion; n represent 1 or 2; k represents 0 or 1; and a hydrogen atom of ring a or ring b may be substituted by a substituent R133M.)
An azo compound represented by formula (1) or a salt thereof, wherein in formula (1), A1represents an optionally substituted naphthyl group; A2, A3, and A4each independently represent an optionally substituted phenyl group or an optionally substituted naphthyl group; R1represents a hydrogen atom, hydroxy group, C1-4 alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group; m represents an integer of 0 to 5; M represents a hydrogen atom or ion, a metal ion, or an ammonium ion; n represents 1 or 2; k represents 0 or 1; and a hydrogen atom on ring a and ring b may be substituted by the substituent R133M.
A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can include a flexible substrate. The flexible substrate might be desirable for WGP flexibility or to aid in further processing of the WGP. Wires of the WGP can include flexible ribs to minimize or avoid defects such as cracks in the WGP. An etch stop layer in the wires can allow formation of the flexible ribs without delamination of a reflective portion of the wires. The WGP embodiments herein can have improved flexibility, stretchability, compressibility, or combinations thereof with reduced cracking, collapse, and delamination of wires or ribs.
Thick, inorganic coatings can be deposited on a polarizer by chemical vapor deposition. In one embodiment, the method can comprise activating a surface of the polarizer with an oxygen plasma in an oven; injecting a solution including tetrakis(dimethylamino)silane dissolved in cyclohexane and water into the oven; and vapor depositing silicon dioxide onto the polarizer. These three steps can be repeated multiple times until desired thickness is attained.
C23C 16/455 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into the reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in the reaction chamber
C23C 16/48 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating by irradiation, e.g. photolysis, radiolysis, particle radiation
C23C 16/50 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
C23C 16/448 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for generating reactive gas streams, e.g. by evaporation or sublimation of precursor materials
C23C 16/02 - Pretreatment of the material to be coated
2 between the anode axis 02 and an x-ray axis 03 can be ≥10° and ≤80°. In another embodiment, a cap 20 on an anode 12 can block x-rays emitted in undesired directions. The cap 20 can include an internal cavity 24, an electron-beam hole 21, an anode hole 22, and an x-ray hole 23. In another embodiment, an electrical connection between an x-ray tube 15 and a power supply 18 can be reliable and easy to manufacture. The anode 12 can include a hole 31 at an end of the anode 12 sized and shaped for insertion of an electrical connector 32.
The present disclosure is a stilbene-based compound or a salt thereof represented by a following formula (1), wherein a group X represents a nitro group or an amino group optionally having a substituent; a group Y represents an amide group optionally having a substituent or a naphthotriazole group optionally having a substituent; and p and q each independently represent an integer of 0 to 2.
A method for making a wire grid polarizer (WGP) () can provide WGPs with high temperature resistance, robust wires, oxidation resistance, and corrosion protection. In one embodiment, the method can comprise: (a) providing an array of wires (12) on a bottom protection layer (14L); (b) applying a top protection layer (14U) on the wires, spanning channels (13) between wires; then (c) applying an upper barrier-layer (41) on the top protection layer and into the channels through permeable junctions (42) in the top protection layer. In a variation of this embodiment, the method can further comprise applying a lower barrier-layer (31) before applying the top protection layer. In another variation, the bottom protection layer and the top protection layer can include aluminum oxide. In another embodiment, the method can comprise applying on the WGP an amino phosphonate then a hydrophobic chemical.
An x-ray detector can be small and have efficient cooling. In one embodiment, the x-ray detector can comprise a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) with upper electrical connections, a support, a cap, and a silicon drift detector (SDD). A planar side of the support can be directly affixed to upper electrical connections of the TEC. The support can have a non-planar side, opposite of the planar side, with a raised structure. A bottom face of the cap can be affixed to the raised structure, forming a cavity between the cap and the non-planar side of the support. The SDD can be affixed to a top face of the cap. In another embodiment, the non-planar side of the support can face the TEC. In another embodiment, a PIN photodiode can be directly affixed to a plate and the plate directly affixed to upper electrical connections of the TEC.
H01L 31/024 - Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation
H01L 35/32 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - Details thereof operating with Peltier or Seebeck effect only characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
G01T 1/24 - Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
H01L 31/115 - Devices sensitive to very short wavelength, e.g. X-rays, gamma-rays or corpuscular radiation
H01L 31/02 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof - Details
Provided is a display device that includes a dye-based polarizing layer and a backlight; the dye-based polarizing layer has a perpendicular transmission wavelength range with a perpendicular transmittance (Tc) of 1% or greater in the visible light range of 380 nm to 780 nm; the backlight has an emission intensity of 0.03 or less in the perpendicular transmission wavelength range, the emission intensity normalized by the maximum emission intensity in the visible light range of 380 nm to 780 nm.
G02F 1/1335 - Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
C09B 43/124 - Preparation of azo dyes from other azo compounds by acylation of amino groups with monocarboxylic acids, carbamic esters or halides, monoisocyanates, or haloformic acid esters
114111511 represents an optionally substituted amino group, an optionally substituted phenylamino group, an optionally substituted phenylazo group, an optionally substituted benzoyl group, an optionally substituted benzoylamino group or an optionally substituted naphthotriazole group.)
In order to reduce the amount of electrical insulation needed for voltage isolation of large voltages generated by a voltage multiplier, the voltage multiplier can be shaped to smooth out electric field gradients. The voltage multiplier can comprise multiple sections, each section located in a different plane. The voltage multiplier can comprise a negative voltage multiplier and a positive voltage multiplier, each inclined at different angles with respect to each other. The voltage multiplier can include a curved shape.
H05G 1/10 - Power supply arrangements for feeding the X-ray tube
H02M 7/10 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
A mounted x-ray window (10, 30, 40, 50) can be strong and transmissive to x-rays, can have a hermetic seal, and can withstand high temperatures. The mounted x-ray window can include a film (12) located on an inner-side of a flange (15) of a housing (11) and can be attached to the flange by a ring of elastic adhesive (13). The film can comprise silicon nitride. A method of mounting an x-ray window can include placing a ring of elastic adhesive (13) on an inner-side of a flange (15) of a housing (11), placing a film (12) on the ring of elastic adhesive, and baking the housing, the ring of elastic adhesive, and the film.
In the present invention, marking is performed by directing visible laser light onto a polarizer (100) and allowing a polarizing film (10) to absorb the visible laser light so that the properties of the portion of the polarizing film (10) hit by the visible laser light are modified, thereby causing a change in optical characteristics in said portion; in this way, defects in a polarizer including a polarizing film for polarizing visible light are marked.
An x-ray window can include an adhesive layer sandwiched between and providing a hermetic seal between a thin film and a housing. The adhesive layer can include liquid crystal polymer. The liquid crystal polymer can be opaque, gas-tight, made of low atomic number elements, able to withstand high temperature, low outgassing, low leakage, able to relieve stress in the x-ray window thin film, capable of bonding to many different materials, or combinations thereof.
C09J 161/00 - Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketonesAdhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
C09J 167/00 - Adhesives based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainAdhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
d of the wires 13 between the wires 13 and the overcoat layer 32. The overcoat layer can comprise aluminum oxide. An antireflection layer 33 can be located over the overcoat layer 32.
G02B 1/04 - Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are madeOptical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
[Problem] Provided is a polarizing member for a HUD device that not only has excellent surface hardness but also prevents discoloration by light resistance. [Solution] A polarizing member (18) according to the present invention comprises a polarizing plate (34) including a polarizer and being made of a dyed polarizing material, a first support plate (30) bonded to a front surface of the polarizing plate (34) via an adhesive layer (32), a second support plate (38) bonded to a rear surface of the polarizing plate (34) via an adhesive layer (36), and an ultraviolet absorption layer (B) and a hard coat layer (C) that have natural light transmittances at a wavelength of 380 nm of 10% or less, the ultraviolet absorption layer (B) and the hard coat layer (C) being provided on the surface of at least one of the first support plate (30) and the second support plate (38).
This display device is provided with a polarizing layer (28) including a film having a polarizer, and a wavelength conversion layer (30), the polarizer and the wavelength conversion layer or the polarizer and the film being bonded by an adhesive layer (36) including an ultraviolet-curable adhesive.
The present invention relates to a photosensitive resin composition for an antiglare film, comprising (A) a multifunctional (meth)acrylate having at least three or more (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule, (C) a photopolymerization initiator, (D) polystyrene particles, and (E) silica, and also relates to an antiglare film provided by the cure of the photosensitive resin composition.
H01L 27/32 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including components using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part with components specially adapted for light emission, e.g. flat-panel displays using organic light-emitting diodes
H01L 51/50 - Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof specially adapted for light emission, e.g. organic light emitting diodes (OLED) or polymer light emitting devices (PLED)
A method for making a wire grid polarizer (WGP) can provide WGPs with high temperature resistance, robust wires, oxidation resistance, and corrosion protection. In one embodiment, the method can comprise: (a) providing an array of wires on a bottom protection layer; (b) applying a top protection layer on the wires, spanning channels between wires; then (c) applying an upper barrier-layer on the top protection layer and into the channels through permeable junctions in the top protection layer. In a variation of this embodiment, the method can further comprise applying a lower barrier-layer before applying the top protection layer. In another variation, the bottom protection layer and the top protection layer can include aluminum oxide. In another embodiment, the method can comprise applying on the WGP an amino phosphonate then a hydrophobic chemical.
C23C 28/04 - Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of main groups , or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses and only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
C23C 16/455 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into the reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in the reaction chamber
C23C 14/00 - Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
C03B 19/14 - Other methods of shaping glass by gas-phase reaction processes
A shield around an x-ray tube, a voltage multiplier, or both can improve the manufacturing process by allowing testing earlier in the process and by providing a holder for liquid potting material. The shield can also improve voltage standoff. A shielded x-ray tube can be electrically coupled to a shielded power supply.
An x-ray tube anode (12) can include an electron hole (14) extending from an electron entry (21) at an exterior of the anode into a core (16) of the anode, and an x-ray hole (19) extending from an x-ray exit (22) at the exterior of the anode into the core of the anode. The x-ray hole can intersect the electron hole at the core of the anode. In one embodiment, the electron hole and the x-ray hole can form a seamless bore from the electron entry to the x-ray exit. In another embodiment, the anode can be a single, integral, monolithic material with a single bore extending therethrough. In another embodiment, the core of the anode can include a target material (101) located at a concave wall of the core of the anode.
A shield (11, 141, 161) around an x-ray tube (163), a voltage multiplier (143), or both can improve the manufacturing process by allowing testing earlier in the process and by providing a holder for liquid potting material (21, 191). The shield can also improve voltage standoff. A shielded x-ray tube (160) can be electrically coupled to a shielded power supply (140).
An extractive system, such as SPME, has an adsorptive phase in the form of a porous coating that has essentially vertical, mutually supporting, columnar structures with nanospaces at the boundaries of the grains.
This polarization plate has: a hard coat layer on one surface; and an adhesive layer on the other surface. A polarizer of the polarization plate includes at least one dichroic dye. The polarization plate has a single-film transmittance Ys of 45-60% and a polarization degree Py of 50-95%, which are obtained through measurement of light in a wavelength range of 380-780 nm and then visibility correction thereof. The polarization plate has a*s of not less than -3 but not more than +3 and b*s of not less than -3 but not more than +3 in the hue of an L*a*b* color system, and has a*p of not less than -3 but not more than +3 and b*p of not less than -3 but not more than +3 in the hue when two polarizing films are used so that the polarization axes thereof are positioned in parallel.
G02F 1/1335 - Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
G09F 9/30 - Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
An x-ray tube anode can include an electron hole extending from an electron entry at an exterior of the anode into a core of the anode, and an x-ray hole extending from an x-ray exit at the exterior of the anode into the core of the anode. The x-ray hole can intersect the electron hole at the core of the anode. In one embodiment, the electron hole and the x-ray hole can form a seamless bore from the electron entry to the x-ray exit. In another embodiment, the anode can be a single, integral, monolithic material with a single bore extending therethrough. In another embodiment, the core of the anode can include a target material located at a concave wall of the core of the anode.
An anti-glare hard coat film having a hard coat layer containing (A) at least one type of polyfunctional (meth)acrylate having at least three (meth)acryloyl groups per molecule and (B) at least one type of thermoplastic resin on a base film, wherein the anti-glare hard coat film is characterized in that, in the hard coat layer, the mass ratio of the total amount of component A:total amount of component (B) is 100:1-100:10, and the difference in the solubility parameter between the at least one type of polyfunctional (meth)acrylate and the at least one type of thermoplastic resin is 2-4.
A method of making a polarizer (20, 100b) can include applying a liquid with solid inorganic nanoparticles dispersed throughout a continuous phase, then forming this into a different phase including a solid, interconnecting network of the inorganic nanoparticles. This method can improve manufacturability and reducing manufacturing cost. This method can be used to provide an antireflective coating, to provide a protective coating on polarization structures (12, 282), to provide thin films for optical properties, or to form the polarization structures themselves.
B05D 7/24 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
A method of making a polarizer can include applying a liquid with solid inorganic nanoparticles dispersed throughout a continuous phase, then forming this into a different phase including a solid, interconnecting network of the inorganic nanoparticles. This method can improve manufacturability and reducing manufacturing cost. This method can be used to provide an antireflective coating, to provide a protective coating on polarization structures, to provide thin films for optical properties, or to form the polarization structures themselves.
G03F 7/00 - Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printed surfacesMaterials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresistsApparatus specially adapted therefor
B29D 11/00 - Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
The present invention provides a front panel (100) wherein a film including an anti-glare layer (16) with an irregular phase-separated structure is integrally formed with a resin (10), with the anti-glare layer (16) arranged on the viewer side.
G09F 9/00 - Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
95.
COPOLYMERIZATION POLYMER, ADHESIVE AGENT COMPOSITION, AND OPTICAL MEMBER CONTAINING SAME
In the present invention, a light-transmitting cover 18 comprises: a polarizing plate 34 having a polarizer; a first support plate 30 adhered to the top surface of the polarizing plate 34 via an adhesive layer 32; and a second support plate 38 adhered to the bottom surface of the polarizing plate 34 via an adhesive layer 36.
Provided is a display device (100) comprising: a wavelength conversion layer (28) that converts the wavelength of incident light; and a polarization layer (26) that includes a reflective polarizer for polarizing the light emitted from the wavelength conversion layer (28).
A polarizer (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90) can have high contrast. This high contrast polarizer can be useful in applications requiring minimal leakage of an undesired polarization through the polarizer. The high contrast polarizer (10, 20, 30, 40) can include a substrate (11) sandwiched between a reflective polarizer (12) and an absorptive polarizer (13). The high contrast polarizer (50, 60, 70) can include a reflective polarizer (12) sandwiched between a substrate (11) and an absorptive polarizer (13). The high contrast polarizer (90) can include an absorptive polarizer (93) sandwiched between reflective polarizers (12).
A polarizer can have high contrast. This high contrast polarizer can be useful in applications requiring minimal leakage of an undesired polarization through the polarizer. The high contrast polarizer can include a substrate sandwiched between a reflective polarizer and an absorptive polarizer. The high contrast polarizer can include a reflective polarizer sandwiched between a substrate and an absorptive polarizer. The high contrast polarizer can include an absorptive polarizer sandwiched between reflective polarizers.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a high-performance polarizing plate which functions for light in an infrared wavelength range; and a liquid-crystal display device or the like comprising the same.
Provided is a polarizing plate for an infrared range, which is a stretched film containing a dye exhibiting absorption in an infrared range, the film exhibiting dichroism.
G02F 1/1335 - Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
C09B 5/24 - Dyes with an anthracene nucleus condensed with one or more heterocyclic rings with or without carbocyclic rings the heterocyclic ring(s) being condensed with an anthraquinone nucleus in 1-2 or 2-3 position
C09B 23/04 - Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes characterised by the methine chain containing an odd number of CH groups one CH group, e.g. cyanines, isocyanines, pseudocyanines
