The present invention relates to a heat pump (2) having a first cylinder (4) which includes a first transmission chamber (6) filled with a transmission fluid. The heat pump (2) furthermore includes: a first compressor element (8), in particular (metal) bellows, which is arranged within the first cylinder (4) and delimits a first working chamber (10) filled with a working gas; and a delivery element (24), which is provided and designed to periodically deliver the transmission fluid into or within the first transmission chamber (6), wherein the transmission fluid delivered by the delivery element (24) periodically indirectly compresses and expands the first compressor element (8) and the working gas contained therein. The heat pump (2) furthermore includes a first hot section (16), which is connected via a first working-gas line (14) to the first working chamber (10) and has a first, hot heat transport point (18) and a second, cold heat transport point (26) separate from the first heat transport point (18), wherein heat energy of the first heat transport point (18) can be tapped.
F25B 9/14 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
F04B 45/033 - Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having bellows having fluid drive
2.
Compressor Device and a Cooling Device Having the Compressor Device
A cooling device with a novel compressor includes a cylinder, a connector, a working gas line, a cryocooler, a piston, a drive device and a compressor element. The connector is disposed at the end of the cylinder. The working gas line connects the connector to the cryocooler. The piston is movable back and forth inside the cylinder. A transfer space exists inside the cylinder between the piston and the end of the cylinder. A portion of the transfer space contains a transfer fluid. The drive device is adapted to move the piston back and forth inside the cylinder. The compressor element is disposed inside the transfer space. A working space that contains a working gas exists inside the compressor element. The working gas contained in the working space inside the compressor element is periodically compressed by the transfer fluid as the piston periodically moves back and forth inside the cylinder.
F25B 31/02 - Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units
F04B 37/10 - Pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups for special use
F04B 39/00 - Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups
F04B 45/02 - Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having bellows
F25B 9/14 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
3.
COMPRESSOR DEVICE, AND COOLING DEVICE HAVING A COMPRESSOR DEVICE
The present invention relates to a compressor device (2) comprising a cylinder (4), a piston (6) which is situated within the cylinder (4) and delimits a transfer space (16) filled with a transfer fluid and which can be periodically reciprocatingly moved by means of a drive device (26), a compressor element (8), in particular (metal) bellows, which is arranged within the transfer space (16) and which delimits a working space/compression space (20) filled with a working gas, and comprising a connector (10) via which the working space (20) can be connected to a working gas line (36) to a Gifford-McMahon cooler or a pulse tube cooler (38), wherein the compressor element (8) and the working gas contained therein are periodically compressed indirectly by way of the transfer fluid that is displaced by the piston (6).
F04B 45/033 - Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having bellows having fluid drive
F25B 9/14 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
4.
Regenerator for a Cryo-Cooler With Helium as a Working Gas and as a Heat-Storing Material
A regenerator for a cryocooler includes a cell, a flow passage, a capillary and supporting elements. A cell wall encloses a cavity with sub-cavities. A connecting passage connects a first sub-cavity to a second sub-cavity. A first cell partition is disposed between the first and second sub-cavities. The flow passage is also disposed between the first and second sub-cavities. During operation of the regenerator, helium in the cavity functions as a heat-storing material, while helium that flows through the flow passage functions as a working gas. The capillary forms a pressure-equalizing opening in the cell wall and connects the helium that functions as the heat-storing material inside the cavity to the helium that functions as the working gas outside the cavity. The supporting elements are inside the first sub-cavity and separate the first cell partition from a second cell partition. The first and second cell partitions enclose the first sub-cavity.
F25B 9/14 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
5.
REGENERATOR FOR A CRYO-COOLER WITH HELIUM AS A WORKING GAS AND AS A HEAT-STORING MATERIAL, METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A REGENERATOR, AND CRYO-COOLER WITH SUCH A REGENERATOR
Regenerator (1) for a cryo-cooler with helium as a working gas and as a heat-storing medium, with at least one cell (2) with cell walls (4) which enclose a cavity (6) that has a number of sub-cavities (6-i). The sub-cavities (6-i) are connected to one another by way of at least one connecting channel (12) and, with the exception of the at least one connecting channel (12) to other sub-cavities (6-i), are enclosed by the cell walls (4). The cavity (6) of the at least one cell (2) is filled with helium gas as a heat-storing material. The regenerator also has flow channels (10) for helium as the working gas, which are formed between the individual sub-cavities (6-i) and have a pressure-equalizing opening in the form of a capillary (8), which passes through the cell walls (4) and forms a permanently open connection between the helium as the working gas outside the cavity (6) and the helium as the heat-storing material inside the cavity (6). In their interior, the sub-cavities (6-i) have supporting elements (14), which provide mutual support for the cell walls (4) delimiting a sub-cavity (6-i).
F25B 9/14 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
6.
Regenerator for a cryo-cooler that uses helium as a working gas
A regenerator of a cryo-cooler uses helium both as a working gas and as a heat storage material. The regenerator includes cells whose exterior sides form flow channels through which the working gas flows. Each cell has connected first and second cavities enclosed by a heat-conductive cell wall. The cavities contain helium that is used to store heat. Each cells is shaped as a disk. The working gas flows both through the flow channels and around the regenerator so as to exchange heat with the helium in the cavities via the heat conducting cell wall. Each cell has a pressure-equalizing opening through the cell wall whose diameter is smaller than the thickness of the cell wall. The diameter of the pressure-equalizing opening is dimensioned to permit the pressure of the helium contained in the cell to change by a maximum of 20% during any working cycle of the cryo-cooler.
F25B 9/14 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
7.
Cryostat with improved accessibility for experiments
A cryostat with improved accessibility for experiments includes a cooling device, a vacuum chamber and multiple cooling levels, heat shields and experimentation places. The cooling device is thermally coupled to cooling levels that have different temperatures. The experimentation places are at the temperatures of the cooling levels and are arranged side by side when viewed from above such that each experimentation place is accessible from above and from the side. Each cooling level has an associated heat shield that also encloses an experimentation place. The vacuum chamber encloses the cooling levels. The cold plate of a second cooling level is arranged above the cold plate of a first cooling level such that a portion of the first cold plate protrudes laterally from under the second cold plate. An experimentation place is disposed above the protruding portion of the first cold plate and is accessible from above and from the side.
The present document specifies a cryostat for experiments in the region of below 2K, which permits improved accessibility for the experimentation places (4-i) and at the same time a smaller construction volume. By virtue of the fact that the experimentation places (4-i) are arranged next to one another instead of one below the other, after removal of the respective heat shields (32-i) these places are accessible from above and from the side, whereas in the prior art they are accessible only from the side. This simplifies various experiments and more generally the handling of the cryostat during use. The side-by-side arrangement of the experimentation places also substantially reduces the construction height of the cryostat, and it is possible to operate the cryostat in standard-height laboratory spaces, which is not possible with cryostats having a vertically suspended arrangement. Although the side-by-side arrangement of the experimentation places can lead to heat shields having a larger surface area, this drawback (increased cooling power from the various coolers being necessary for operation) can be compensated for by the possibility of use in standard-height laboratory spaces.
F25D 19/00 - Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices
F25B 9/14 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
F25B 9/10 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
F25B 9/12 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using 3He-4He dilution
F25B 9/02 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effectCompression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using vortex effect
9.
REGENERATOR FOR A CRYO-COOLER WITH HELIUM AS A WORKING GAS, A METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A REGENERATOR, AND A CRYO-COOLER COMPRISING SUCH A REGENERATOR
Helium is frequently used as a working gas in cryo-coolers. In the temperature range from 2K to 20K, helium has a comparably high heat capacity which matches the heat capacity of rare earth compounds in said temperature range. Thus, it has been proposed using helium as the regenerator material in closed hollow bodies around which the working gas flows. The main problem with this known closed hollow body with helium consists in the costly process of filling the hollow body with helium under positive pressure. Due to the positive pressure, the wall thickness of the hollow body must be increased, thereby leading to a worsening of the heat transfer resistance. A regenerator is proposed which uses helium as a heat storage material but nevertheless has a simple structure. In the simplest case, the regenerator consists of a hollow cell (2) with heat-conducting cell walls (4). The exterior of the cell walls (4a) at least partly delimits a flow channel (12) for the helium working gas. The hollow cavity (6) is filled with helium as a heat storage material and is connected to the exterior of the cell via a pressure-equalizing opening (8). The helium working gas flows around the can-shaped cell, whereby heat is transmitted between the helium working gas outside of the cavity and the helium within the cavity via the cell walls. The size of the cell(s) in relation to the size of the flow channel of the working gas is selected such that the desired pressure differences between the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side of the regenerator are set with a dead volume which is as small as possible.
F25B 9/14 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
Pulse tube coolers and Gifford-McMahon coolers are used to cool nuclear spin tomographs and cryopumps. To supply cooled working gas, gas compressors and in particular helium compressors are used with rotational or rotary valves. The rate at which compressed helium is introduced into the cooling device and let out again lies in the range of 1 Hz. A problem of conventional screw or piston processors is that oil from the compressor mixes with the working gas and thus contaminates the cooling device. By providing a second compressor stage, a common pump device can be used to pump in both directions, which results in a two-stage compressor device. The working gas is compressed in each flow direction of the working liquid, in one flow direction in the first compressor stage and in the opposite flow direction in the second compressor stage. Thus, the efficiency of the compressor device is improved.
F04B 45/02 - Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having bellows
F04B 37/12 - Pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups for special use to obtain high pressure
F04B 37/18 - Pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups for special use for specific elastic fluids
F04B 45/033 - Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having bellows having fluid drive
F25B 9/02 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effectCompression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using vortex effect
11.
COMPRESSOR DEVICE, COOLING DEVICE EQUIPPED THEREWITH, AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE COMPRESSOR DEVICE AND THE COOLING DEVICE
The invention relates to a compressor device, to a cooling device equipped therewith, and to a method for operating the compressor device. Pulse tube coolers or Gifford-McMahon coolers are used to cool nuclear spin tomographs, cryopumps, etc. In this connection, gas compressor and in particular helium compressors are used in combination with rotational or rotary valves. The rate at which compressed helium is introduced into the cooling device and led out again lies in the range of 1 Hz. A problem of traditional screw or piston processors is that oil from the compressor can enter the working gas and thus the cooling apparatus and contaminate the cooling apparatus. As a result of providing a second compressor stage, the common pumping apparatus is used doubly and a two-stage compressor device is specified. The working gas is compressed in each flow direction of the working-medium liquid; in the one flow direction in the first compressor stage and in the opposite flow direction in the second compressor stage. Thus, the efficiency of the compressor device is increased.
F04B 37/12 - Pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups for special use to obtain high pressure
F04B 37/18 - Pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups for special use for specific elastic fluids
F04B 45/02 - Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having bellows
F04B 45/033 - Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having bellows having fluid drive
12.
Compressor for a cooling device and a refrigeration machine
A compressor device that periodically supplies compressed working gas to a cooling device loses less gas by not using a rotary valve. The compressor device includes a compressor chamber, a working gas connection, a working liquid connection, a pump, a compensation container and a membrane that is airtight and liquid-tight. The membrane divides the compressor chamber into a first volume containing a working gas and a second volume containing a working liquid. The working gas connection is coupled to the first volume, and the working liquid connection is coupled to the second volume. The pump periodically pumps the working liquid through the working liquid connection and into the second volume and as a result periodically compresses the working gas in the first volume. The membrane is constructed as a balloon or a bellows that surrounds the first volume. The compensation container contains working liquid and is connected to the pump.
F04B 45/033 - Pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members and specially adapted for elastic fluids having bellows having fluid drive
F04B 43/073 - Pumps having fluid drive the actuating fluid being controlled by at least one valve
F25B 9/14 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
F04B 49/22 - Control of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups by means of valves
A compressor device that periodically supplies compressed working gas to a cooling device loses less of the gas by not using rotary valves. The compressor device includes a compressor cylinder, a compensation container and a drive device with an hydraulic cylinder. The compressor cylinder includes a compressor element, such as a piston or membrane, that divides the compressor cylinder into first and second volumes. The first volume contains the gas that is compressed by the compressor element. The hydraulic cylinder has a piston that is coupled to the compressor element. The compensation container contains compensation fluid and is directly connected to the second volume. The compensation container is also connected to the first volume by a gas line with a non-return valve that opens in the direction of the first volume. The drive device allows the compressed gas to be provided at a frequency required for Gifford-McMahon and pulse-tube coolers.
F04B 9/105 - Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having only one pumping chamber reciprocating movement of the pumping member being obtained by a double-acting liquid motor
F04B 23/06 - Combinations of two or more pumps the pumps being all of reciprocating positive-displacement type
F04B 35/01 - Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being mechanical
14.
COMPRESSOR DEVICE, AND COOLING DEVICE EQUIPPED THEREWITH AND REFRIGERATION MACHINE EQUIPPED THEREWITH
The invention relates to an economical compressor device having an elastic membrane (6) and to a cooling device equipped therewith and a refrigeration machine equipped therewith, wherein working liquid (14) is present on one side of the membrane and the working gas (10) to be compressed is present on the other side of the membrane (6). The membrane is designed as a balloon (6) or bellows (80). Because the gas volume (8) is in the balloon (6) and the liquid volume (12) is outside, the balloon shell is always protected from damage by a liquid film on the hard inner surface (generally made of metal) when the balloon shell rubs on the hard inner surface of the compressor chamber due to irregular operating conditions. Because the working liquid is generally hydraulic oil, the protective effect is additionally improved by the lubricating oil effect. Instead of a balloon (6), a tubular bellows (80) can also be used as the membrane. The bellows (80) has the advantage that the volume enlargement or volume reduction is "directed" in the longitudinal direction of the bellows (80) due to the design and the arrangement of the folds. Therefore, rubbing contact between the bellows (80) and the hard inner surface of the compressor chamber (4) is nearly impossible. Thus, if a bellows (80) is used as the compressor membrane, the gas volume (8) can also be provided inside the bellows. This "directedness" of the volume change can be improved by positive guidance of the bellows (80) along a rod having a longitudinal bearing. The bellows (80) is usually made of a stainless steel alloy and is extremely gas-tight for all relevant working gases (10), the exception being hydrogen.
F04B 43/073 - Pumps having fluid drive the actuating fluid being controlled by at least one valve
F25B 9/14 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
15.
COMPRESSOR DEVICE AND COOLING DEVICE FITTED THEREWITH AND COOLER UNIT FITTED THEREWITH
A compressor device and a cooling device fitted therewith and a cooler unit fitted therewith are provided, which unlike known compressor arrangements with a rotary valve, operates with lower losses. The combination of a compressor arrangement, in which a working medium is periodically compressed by a reciprocating compressor element and then expanded again, with a drive arrangement mechanically coupled to the compressor element, allows the compressed gas to be provided within the frequency range required for Gifford-McMahon coolers and pulse-tube coolers. The electro-hydrostatic drive arrangement and the compressor element are coupled by a mechanical or a magnetic coupling. This eliminates the need to use high-loss generating rotary valves. The combination of simple controllability of an electric motor and the force of a hydraulic mechanism can be applied to build an extremely efficient compressor which, due to the absence of a rotary valve when using with Gifford-McMahon coolers or pulse-tube coolers, results in considerably lower losses. A highly-efficient compressor arrangement is thus provided.
F04B 9/105 - Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having only one pumping chamber reciprocating movement of the pumping member being obtained by a double-acting liquid motor
F04B 9/125 - Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being elastic, e.g. steam or air having only one pumping chamber reciprocating movement of the pumping member being obtained by a double-acting elastic-fluid motor
F04B 23/06 - Combinations of two or more pumps the pumps being all of reciprocating positive-displacement type
patents
