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23
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4
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United States
21
World
6
Date
2025 (YTD)
1
2024
2
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1
2022
1
2021
1
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Before 2020
19
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IPC Class
C02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
18
C02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
9
C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
8
C02F 1/461 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
3
C02F 1/467 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection
3
C02F 101/10 - Inorganic compounds
3
G21F 9/10 - Processing by flocculation
3
C02F 1/463 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrocoagulation
2
C02F 1/465 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electroflotation
2
C02F 1/78 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
2
C02F 101/00 - Nature of the contaminant
2
C02F 5/02 - Softening water by precipitation of the hardness
2
B03C 5/02 - Separators
1
C02F 1/30 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
1
C02F 1/72 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
1
C02F 1/76 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
1
C02F 103/02 - Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
1
C02F 103/08 - Seawater, e.g. for desalination
1
C02F 9/00 - Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
1
F24F 11/30 - Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
1
H05H 1/24 - Generating plasma
1
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Status
Pending
5
Registered / In Force
22
1.
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR TREATING BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS
Application Number
18964828
Status
Pending
Filing Date
2024-12-02
First Publication Date
2025-03-27
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Fraser, Desmond A.
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Hughes, Patrick J.
Davis, David Anthony
Cayetano, Maximo Mejia
Huchler, Loraine
Alex, Albin Samuel
Abstract
Unwanted material in water, such as Legionella and scale, may be treated using a combination of technologies. Components of each technology may be controlled using a database, such as an Internet-of-things (IoT) database. An additional advantage of the treatment technologies is an increase in the efficiency of heat transfer components, such as cooling towers, and a related reduction in carbon footprint.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methodsC02F 1/467 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfectionC02F 103/02 - Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
2.
PLASMAX³
Serial Number
98718160
Status
Pending
Filing Date
2024-08-26
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC ()
NICE Classes ?
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
water and liquid treatment apparatus for use in water and liquid purification for industrial purposes using non-thermal plasma and other discharges to inactivate, denature or eliminate unwanted material such as biological contaminants, including biofilm and Legionella
3.
Apparatuses and methods for treating biofilm and legionella in cooling tower systems
Application Number
18504400
Status
Pending
Filing Date
2023-11-08
First Publication Date
2024-02-29
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Fraser, Desmond A.
Hughes, Patrick J.
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Abstract
Data related to biofilm and Legionella in cooling tower coolant is detected, collected and used to treat the biofilm and Legionella.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fieldsC02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewageC02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
4.
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR TREATING BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS
Application Number
17674727
Status
Pending
Filing Date
2022-02-17
First Publication Date
2023-05-04
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Fraser, Desmond A.
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Hughes, Patrick J.
Davis, David Anthony
Mejia, Maximo
Huchler, Loraine
Alex, Albin Samuel
Abstract
Unwanted material in water, such as Legionella and scale, may be treated using a combination of technologies. Components of each technology may be controlled using a databus, such as an Internet-of-things (IoT) databus. An additional advantage of the treatment technologies is an increase in the efficiency of heat transfer components, such as cooling towers, and a related reduction in carbon footprint.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methodsC02F 1/467 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection
5.
PDS
Serial Number
97347482
Status
Pending
Filing Date
2022-04-05
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC ()
NICE Classes ?
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
Non-thermal water and liquid treatment apparatus for inactivating, denaturing, mitigating and eliminating biocontaminants and a central programmable logic controller and electronic sensors sold as a unit therewith
6.
Systems and methods for treating harmful biological contaminants in HVAC systems
Application Number
16672503
Grant Number
11673816
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2019-11-03
First Publication Date
2021-05-06
Grant Date
2023-06-13
Owner
REVERSE IONIZER SYSTEMS, LLC. (USA)
Inventor
Fraser, Desmond A.
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Hughes, Patrick J.
Davis, David Anthony
Sparks, Kyler Delman
Abstract
Harmful biological contaminants are treated using plasma fields. The inventive techniques offer improved results over existing devices and methods.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/461 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysisH05H 1/24 - Generating plasmaF24F 11/30 - Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
7.
Systems and methods for desalinating water
Application Number
16066911
Grant Number
11661358
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2017-07-06
First Publication Date
2020-09-03
Grant Date
2023-05-30
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Fraser, Desmond A.
Ghaffari Nik, Hossein
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Hughes, Patrick J.
Abstract
Plasma discharges and electromagnetic fields may be applied to a liquid, such as water, for desalinization purposes and to treat unwanted material in the liquid.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fieldsC02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methodsC02F 5/02 - Softening water by precipitation of the hardnessC02F 103/08 - Seawater, e.g. for desalination
8.
PLASMA DISINFECTION SYSTEM
Serial Number
90095938
Status
Registered
Filing Date
2020-08-05
Registration Date
2022-04-19
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC ()
NICE Classes ?
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
Water and liquid treatment equipment, namely, non-thermal systems comprised of a central programmable logic controller and electronic sensors used to inactivate, denature, mitigate or eliminate biocontaminants
9.
Devices systems and methods for conserving resources by treating liquids with electromagnetic fields
Application Number
16236396
Grant Number
11208337
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2018-12-29
First Publication Date
2019-07-18
Grant Date
2021-12-28
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Hughes, Patrick J.
Fraser, Desmond A.
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Abstract
Resources, such as water, energy, power, amount of de-scaling chemicals, device lifetimes, data analytics and system depreciation may be conserved through the use of dual-field electric and magnetic probes that create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fieldsC02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewageG21F 9/10 - Processing by flocculationC02F 101/10 - Inorganic compounds
10.
Methods and devices for treating radionuclides in a liquid
Application Number
15861664
Grant Number
10692619
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2018-01-03
First Publication Date
2019-07-04
Grant Date
2020-06-23
Owner
REVERSE IONIZER SYSTEMS, LLC. (USA)
Inventor
Fraser, Desmond A.
Hughes, Patrick J.
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Abstract
Radionuclides and other unwanted material in a liquid may be treated, removed or reduced through the use of electromagnetic fields applied to the liquid by electrodes that also function as co-precipitators by leaching polyvalent metal ions into the liquid.
IPC Classes ?
G21F 9/10 - Processing by flocculationC02F 1/463 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrocoagulationC02F 1/465 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electroflotationC02F 101/00 - Nature of the contaminant
11.
Systems and methods for treating industrial feedwater
Application Number
15926965
Grant Number
10183881
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2018-03-20
First Publication Date
2019-01-22
Grant Date
2019-01-22
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Fraser, Desmond A.
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Hughes, Patrick J.
Abstract
Feedwater is treated using a combination of techniques, including the integration of a brine solution to promote the formation of reactive and molecular species in the feedwater with electrolytic ionization, the application of electromagnetic fields and the application of plasma fields. The integrated, combined techniques offer an improved treatment of scale forming ions, bacteria and biological contaminants in feedwater.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/30 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiationC02F 9/00 - Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewageC02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methodsC02F 1/461 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysisC02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fieldsC02F 1/78 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozoneC02F 1/72 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidationC02F 1/76 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
12.
PLASMANATOR
Serial Number
88231120
Status
Registered
Filing Date
2018-12-16
Registration Date
2020-01-07
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC ()
NICE Classes ?
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
water and liquid treatment equipment to inactivate, denature or eliminate biocontaminants
13.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TREATING SALTWATER AND FEEDWATER
Application Number
US2018022291
Publication Number
2018/170033
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2018-03-14
Publication Date
2018-09-20
Owner
REVERSE IONIZER SYSTEMS, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Fraser, Desmond A
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Hughes, Patrick J
Abstract
Feedwater and saltwater used in desalination plants, oil field installations, and large data centers can be treated to reduce scale, biological contaminants, and biologically induced corrosion therein by the integration of different treatment mechanisms.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methodsC02F 1/467 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfectionC02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fieldsC02F 1/78 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with ozone
14.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DESALINATING WATER
Application Number
US2017040838
Publication Number
2018/009616
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2017-07-06
Publication Date
2018-01-11
Owner
REVERSE IONIZER SYSTEMS, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Fraser, Desmond A.
Ghaffari Nik, Hossein
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Hughes, Patrick J.
Abstract
Plasma discharges and electromagnetic fields may be applied to a liquid, such as water, for desalinization purposes and to treat unwanted material in the liquid.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewageC02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fieldsC02F 5/02 - Softening water by precipitation of the hardness
15.
Devices for the treatment of liquids using plasma discharges and related methods
Application Number
15651789
Grant Number
11891316
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2017-07-17
First Publication Date
2017-11-02
Grant Date
2024-02-06
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Fraser, Desmond A.
Hughes, Patrick J.
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Abstract
Plasma discharges and electromagnetic fields may be applied to a liquid, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fieldsC02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methodsC02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
16.
DEVICES FOR THE TREATMENT OF LIQUIDS USING PLASMA DISCHARGES AND RELATED METHODS
Application Number
US2017022574
Publication Number
2017/161035
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2017-03-15
Publication Date
2017-09-21
Owner
REVERSE IONIZER SYSTEMS LLC (USA)
Inventor
Fraser, Desmond A.
Hughes, Patrick J.
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Abstract
Plasma discharges and electromagnetic fields may be applied to a liquid, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
17.
DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONSERVING RESOURCES BY TREATING LIQUIDS WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Application Number
US2016068652
Publication Number
2017/117096
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2016-12-27
Publication Date
2017-07-06
Owner
REVERSE IONIZER SYSTEMS LLC (USA)
Inventor
Hughes, Patrick J
Fraser, Desmond A
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Mcmurray, Richard B
Grandy, Shelly Marie
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Abstract
Resources, such as water, energy, power, amount of de-scaling chemicals, device lifetimes, data analytics and system depreciation may be conserved through the use of dual-field electric and magnetic probes that create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water.
18.
Treating liquids with electromagnetic fields
Application Number
15339578
Grant Number
09670078
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2016-10-31
First Publication Date
2017-04-06
Grant Date
2017-06-06
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Hughes, Patrick J.
Fraser, Desmond A.
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Abstract
Dual-field electric and magnetic probes create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fieldsC02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewageC02F 101/10 - Inorganic compounds
19.
Methods for conserving resources by treating liquids with electromagnetic fields
Application Number
15237124
Grant Number
10167210
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2016-08-15
First Publication Date
2017-03-30
Grant Date
2019-01-01
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Hughes, Patrick J.
Fraser, Desmond A.
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Abstract
Resources, such as water, energy, power, amount of de-scaling chemicals, device lifetimes, data analytics and system depreciation may be conserved through the use of dual-field electric and magnetic probes that create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fieldsC02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewageC02F 101/10 - Inorganic compounds
20.
TREATING LIQUIDS WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Application Number
US2016045691
Publication Number
2017/024196
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2016-08-05
Publication Date
2017-02-09
Owner
REVERSE IONIZER SYSTEMS LLC (USA)
Inventor
Hughes, Patrick J
Fraser, Desmond A
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Mcmurray, Richard B
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Abstract
Dual-field electric and magnetic probes create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
21.
Devices for the treatment of liquids using plasma discharges and related methods
Application Number
15069971
Grant Number
09708205
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2016-03-15
First Publication Date
2016-09-01
Grant Date
2017-07-18
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Fraser, Desmond A.
Hughes, Patrick J.
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Abstract
Plasma discharges and electromagnetic fields may be applied to a liquid, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fieldsC02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methodsC02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
22.
DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF LIQUIDS WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Application Number
US2016017251
Publication Number
2016/133749
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2016-02-10
Publication Date
2016-08-25
Owner
REVERSE IONIZER SYSTEMS, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Hughes, Patrick, J.
Fraser, Desmond, A.
Nik, Hossein, Ghaffari
Mcmurray, Richard, B.
Sutherland, Robert, A.
Abstract
Devices, systems and methods for applying electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid are disclosed. Such devices, systems and methods may include a cylindrically shaped, water- immersible probe configured to generate electromagnetic fields that are effective to treat unwanted materials, such as scale, and microbes in the water.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/461 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysisC02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
23.
Devices, systems and methods for conserving resources by treating liquids with electromagnetic fields
Application Number
14979501
Grant Number
09416032
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2015-12-27
First Publication Date
2016-04-21
Grant Date
2016-08-16
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC. (USA)
Inventor
Hughes, Patrick J.
Fraser, Desmond A.
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Abstract
Resources, such as water, energy, power, amount of de-scaling chemicals, device lifetimes, data analytics and system depreciation may be conserved through the use of dual-field electric and magnetic probes that create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fieldsC02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
24.
Treating liquids with electromagnetic fields
Application Number
14820550
Grant Number
09481587
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2015-08-06
First Publication Date
2016-01-21
Grant Date
2016-11-01
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Hughes, Patrick J.
Fraser, Desmond A.
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Abstract
Dual-field electric and magnetic probes create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
25.
Treating liquids with electromagnetic fields
Application Number
14821604
Grant Number
09481588
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2015-08-07
First Publication Date
2015-12-03
Grant Date
2016-11-01
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Hughes, Patrick J.
Fraser, Desmond A.
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Grandy, Shelley Marie
Aberra, Akrem Hassen Adem
Abstract
Dual-field electric and magnetic probes create and apply electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fieldsC02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
26.
Devices, systems and methods for treatment of liquids with electromagnetic fields
Application Number
14624552
Grant Number
10781116
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2015-02-17
First Publication Date
2015-08-27
Grant Date
2020-09-22
Owner
Reverse Ionizer Systems, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Hughes, Patrick J.
Fraser, Desmond A.
Nik, Hossein Ghaffari
Mcmurray, Richard B.
Sutherland, Robert A.
Abstract
Devices, systems and methods for applying electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid are disclosed. Such devices, systems and methods may include a cylindrically shaped, water-immersible probe configured to generate electromagnetic fields that are effective to treat unwanted materials, such as scale, and microbes in the water.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fieldsC02F 1/463 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrocoagulationC02F 1/465 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electroflotationG21F 9/10 - Processing by flocculationC02F 101/00 - Nature of the contaminant
27.
Devices, systems and methods for treatment of water with electromagnetic fields
Application Number
14170546
Grant Number
09856157
Status
In Force
Filing Date
2014-01-31
First Publication Date
2014-08-07
Grant Date
2018-01-02
Owner
REVERSE IONIZER SYSTEMS, LLC (USA)
Inventor
Hughes, Patrick J.
Fraser, Desmond A.
Ghaffari, Hossein Nik
Sutherland, Robert A.
Abstract
Electromagnetic water treatment devices for applying electromagnetic fields to liquids, such as water are disclosed. The water treatment devices may include a water-immersible probe configured to generate electromagnetic output fields effective to remove scale, prevent the growth of scale and/or eliminate microbes in a water supply system. Systems and methods for treating water using the disclosed devices are also provided.
IPC Classes ?
C02F 1/48 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
