A system for dissipating heat from a component includes a heat pipe assembly and an adsorption bed. The heat pipe assembly may include a pair of walls defining an inter-wall volume between opposing faces of the pair of walls. The heat pipe assembly may be configured to be thermally coupled to the component such that the pair of walls extends away from the component. The adsorption bed may at least partially occupy the inter-wall volume. The adsorption bed may include an adsorbent medium and a phase change material. The phase change material is configured to dissipate heat away from the component by a phase change from a first phase to a second phase.
F28D 15/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat-pipes
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
Disclosed are systems and methods of intelligently cooling thermal loads by providing a burst mode cooling system for rapid cooling, and an auxiliary cooling system that controls the temperature of the thermal load and surrounding environment between burst mode cooling cycles. The system may be used to provide pulses of cooling to directed energy systems, such as lasers and other systems that generate bursts of heat in operation.
F25B 15/04 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being ammonia evaporated from aqueous solution
F25B 15/06 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
3.
Thermal energy storage system with nucleation cooling
Disclosed are systems and methods of flexibly cooling thermal loads by providing a thermal energy storage cooling system having a nucleation cooling system for at least initiating nucleation of a phase change media within the thermal energy storage system.
F28D 17/00 - Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles
F28D 19/00 - Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium
F28D 20/02 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in generalRegenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or using latent heat
4.
THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM WITH NUCLEATION COOLING
Disclosed are systems and methods of flexibly cooling thermal loads by providing a thermal energy storage cooling system having a nucleation cooling system for at least initiating nucleation of a phase change media within the thermal energy storage system.
Disclosed are battery systems for powering a laser weapon, and methods of thereof. A system includes a battery bank comprising a plurality of cylindrical battery cells electrically connected in series and parallel to form a plurality of modules, wherein an air flow path through each module defined by a spacing between a surface of each battery cell and its neighboring battery cell. Furthermore a control system is configured to provide cooling via airflow from the one or more fans to temperature control the battery modules to prevent the temperature difference between a first side of the battery module and a second side of the battery module from rising above a predetermined threshold while the laser weapon is active and consuming energy from the battery bank.
Disclosed are systems and methods of heating and cooling a laser system by providing a vapor compression system having a plurality of compressors. A control system controls the activity of each compressor and activates and manages the speed of each compressor to efficiently provide cooling and heating of the laser system.
Disclosed are battery systems for powering a laser weapon, and methods of thereof. A system includes a battery bank comprising a plurality of cylindrical battery cells electrically connected in series and parallel to form a plurality of modules, wherein an air flow path through each module defined by a spacing between a surface of each battery cell and its neighboring battery cell. Furthermore a control system is configured to provide cooling via airflow from the one or more fans to temperature control the battery modules to prevent the temperature difference between a first side of the battery module and a second side of the battery module from rising above a predetermined threshold while the laser weapon is active and consuming energy from the battery bank.
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
Disclosed are systems and methods of heating and cooling a laser system by providing a vapor compression system having a plurality of compressors. A control system controls the activity of each compressor and activates and manages the speed of each compressor to efficiently provide cooling and heating of the laser system.
Disclosed are systems and methods of flexibly cooling thermal loads by providing a thermal energy storage cooling system for burst mode cooling and a vapor compression system for additional and ancillary cooling to efficiently maintain and cool a thermal load such as from a directed energy weapon system.
Disclosed are systems and methods of flexibly cooling thermal loads by providing a thermal energy storage cooling system having a phase change material which includes a salt hydrate and a zeolite.
H01M 10/653 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
Disclosed are systems and methods of flexibly cooling thermal loads by providing a thermal energy storage cooling system for burst mode cooling and a vapor compression system for additional and ancillary cooling to efficiently maintain and cool a thermal load such as from a directed energy weapon system.
F28D 17/00 - Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles
F28D 19/00 - Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium
F28D 20/02 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in generalRegenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or using latent heat
F25B 1/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
12.
Flexible cooling system with thermal energy storage
Disclosed are systems and methods of flexibly cooling thermal loads by providing a complex compound system for burst mode cooling, a vapor compression system for ancillary cooling, and a thermal storage system for helping efficiently maintain and cool a thermal load such as a directed energy weapon system.
Disclosed are systems and methods of flexibly cooling thermal loads by providing a complex compound (105) system for burst mode cooling, a vapor compression system (115) for ancillary cooling, and a thermal storage system (110) for helping efficiently maintain and cool a thermal load such as a directed energy weapon system ((140).
F25B 17/08 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
F25B 23/00 - Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups , e.g. using selective radiation effect
F25B 25/00 - Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups
F25B 49/04 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for sorption type machines, plants or systems
F25D 17/02 - Arrangements for circulating cooling fluidsArrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating liquids, e.g. brine
F25B 25/02 - Compression-sorption machines, plants, or systems
14.
Compressor-assisted thermal energy management system
Systems and methods for compressor-assisted sorption rate. A sorption system includes a sorber that absorbs and desorbs a refrigerant gas, such as ammonia, onto and from a coordinative complex compound. The system includes an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor. The temperature and pressure of the gas within the sorber are monitored and the compressor is controlled to adjust the pressure to increase the absorption and desorption rates and increase the thermal cycle speed of the sorption system for applications such as laser systems requiring rapid, periodic cooling.
F25B 15/10 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type with inert gas
F25B 49/02 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
F25B 17/08 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
F25B 15/16 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type using desorption cycle
F25B 49/04 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for sorption type machines, plants or systems
15.
COMPRESSOR-ASSISTED THERMAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Systems and methods for compressor-assisted sorption rate. A sorption system includes a sorber that absorbs and desorbs a refrigerant gas, such as ammonia, onto and from a coordinative complex compound. The system includes an evaporator, a condenser, and a compressor. The temperature and pressure of the gas within the sorber are monitored and the compressor is controlled to adjust the pressure to increase the absorption and desorption rates and enhance the thermal cycle speed of the sorption system for applications such as laser systems requiring rapid, periodic cooling.
F25B 17/08 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
F25B 15/00 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
F25B 17/00 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
F25B 35/00 - Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption
F25B 35/04 - Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption using a solid as sorbent
F28D 20/00 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in generalRegenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or
A vector control system is used to control a vapor compression circuit. The vector control system may monitor the vapor compression circuit and adjust the speed of one or more motors to increase efficiency of the system by taking into account the torque forces placed on a compressor motor.
F25B 49/02 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
H02P 21/00 - Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
F24F 11/83 - Control systems characterised by their outputsConstructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
F24F 11/30 - Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
F25B 7/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
F25B 13/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
H02P 21/36 - Arrangements for braking or slowingFour quadrant control
F24F 11/85 - Control systems characterised by their outputsConstructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using variable-flow pumps
F24F 11/46 - Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
A heat dissipating shield comprises a layered configuration that mitigates damage to a surface coated with the shield. For example, the shield may comprise a sealant layer and a hydrated complex compound layer, such that the hydrated complex compound releases water vapor when the shield is exposed to heat. The water vapor may escape the shield without damaging the surface being protected by the shield.
A41D 13/005 - Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment with controlled temperature
B32B 5/22 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous
B32B 7/12 - Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
Disclosed are systems and methods of rapidly cooling thermal loads by providing a burst mode cooling system for rapid cooling. The burst mode cooling system may include a complex compound sorber configured to rapidly absorb ammonia. The system may be used to provide pulses of cooling to directed energy systems, such as lasers and other systems that generate bursts of heat in operation.
F41H 13/00 - Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
F25B 17/08 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
F25B 49/04 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for sorption type machines, plants or systems
F25B 35/04 - Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption using a solid as sorbent
F41A 13/12 - Systems for cooling the outer surface of the barrel
Disclosed are systems and methods of intelligently cooling thermal loads by providing a burst mode cooling system for rapid cooling, and an auxiliary cooling system that controls the temperature of the thermal load and surrounding environment between burst mode cooling cycles. The system may be used to provide pulses of cooling to directed energy systems, such as lasers and other systems that generate bursts of heat in operation.
F25B 15/06 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
F25B 15/04 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being ammonia evaporated from aqueous solution
Described is a system and method for extracting water from air using a vector drive control system. The water-extraction system may compress ambient air before it comes into contact with an evaporator. The vector drive control system may adjust the speed of one or more motors to increase efficiency and may control a pressure chamber capable of compression and expansion.
Disclosed are systems and methods of intelligently cooling thermal loads by providing a burst mode cooling system for rapid cooling, and an auxiliary cooling system that controls the temperature of the thermal load and surrounding environment between burst mode cooling cycles.
Disclosed are systems and methods of rapidly cooling thermal loads by providing a burst mode cooling system for rapid cooling. The burst mode cooling system may include a complex compound sorber configured to rapidly absorb ammonia.
F25B 25/02 - Compression-sorption machines, plants, or systems
F25B 17/08 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
F25B 49/04 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for sorption type machines, plants or systems
B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
F41H 13/00 - Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
Disclosed are systems and methods of intelligently cooling thermal loads by providing a burst mode cooling system for rapid cooling, and an auxiliary cooling system that controls the temperature of the thermal load and surrounding environment between burst mode cooling cycles.
F25B 17/10 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type using the endothermic solution of salt
F25B 15/06 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
F25B 15/04 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being ammonia evaporated from aqueous solution
Disclosed are systems and methods of rapidly cooling thermal loads by providing a burst mode cooling system for rapid cooling. The burst mode cooling system may include a complex compound sorber configured to rapidly absorb ammonia.
F25B 17/10 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type using the endothermic solution of salt
F41H 13/00 - Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
B01J 20/02 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
F25B 17/08 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
F25B 49/04 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for sorption type machines, plants or systems
F25B 35/04 - Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption using a solid as sorbent
F41A 13/12 - Systems for cooling the outer surface of the barrel
A vector control system is used to control a vapor compression circuit that includes a compressor motor. The vector control system is used to monitor the vapor compression circuit and adjust the speed of one or more motors within the vapor compression circuit to increase efficiency of the system by taking into account the torque forces placed on the compressor motor.
F25B 49/02 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
H02P 21/00 - Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
F24F 11/83 - Control systems characterised by their outputsConstructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
F24F 11/30 - Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
F25B 7/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
F25B 13/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
H02P 21/36 - Arrangements for braking or slowingFour quadrant control
F24F 11/85 - Control systems characterised by their outputsConstructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using variable-flow pumps
F24F 11/46 - Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
Described is a vector control system for a vapor compression circuit. The vector control system may monitor the vapor compression circuit and adjust the speed of one or more motors to increase efficiency by taking into account the torque forces placed on a compressor motor.
A multi-paneled penetration resistant composite comprises a layered panel configuration that mitigates transmission of impact stress between adjacent, or proximate, penetration resistant composite panels. For example, areas of reduced density, provided by an intermediate stress mitigation panel positioned between adjacent composite panels and varying densities of composite layers within a composite panel, can mitigate transmission of stress between adjacent, or proximate, composite panels.
A multi-paneled penetration resistant composite comprises a layered panel configuration that mitigates transmission of impact stress between adjacent, or proximate, penetration resistant composite panels. For example, areas of reduced density, provided by an intermediate stress mitigation panel positioned between adjacent composite panels and varying densities of composite layers within a composite panel, can mitigate transmission of stress between adjacent, or proximate, composite panels. For example, areas of varying density within a multi-layer panel are configured to can mitigate transmission of stress between adjacent, or proximate, composite layers within a panel.
B32B 5/26 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer also being fibrous or filamentary
B32B 5/02 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by structural features of a layer comprising fibres or filaments
29.
Systems and methods for controlling refrigeration cycles of sorption reactors based on recuperation time
A control system is used for controlling the equalization of pressure between absorbing and desorbing reactors. In a first reaction cycle in a desorbing reactor a gaseous reactant is desorbed from a solid sorbent and concurrently in an absorbing reactor the gaseous reactant is absorbed on a solid sorbent. In a second reaction cycle, absorption and desorption are reversed in the reactors and at least a portion of the gaseous reactant desorbed from in the desorbing reactor is transferred to the absorbing reactor in an equalization process under computer control. The computer control may detect the demand on the system and adjust the amount of time for the equalization process to increase the efficiency of the system.
Systems and methods are described for controlling the equalization of pressure between absorbing and desorbing reactors. In a first reaction cycle in a desorbing reactor a gaseous reactant is desorbed from a solid sorbent and concurrently in an absorbing reactor the gaseous reactant is absorbed on a solid sorbent. In a second reaction cycle, absorption and desorption are reversed in the reactors and at least a portion of the gaseous reactant desorbed from in the desorbing reactor is transferred to the absorbing reactor in an equalization process under computer control. The computer control may detect the demand on the system and adjust the amount of time for the equalization process to increase the efficiency of the system.
F25B 17/08 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
C09K 5/04 - Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice-versa
F25B 17/00 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
F25B 35/04 - Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption using a solid as sorbent
Features for distributing a sorber gas in cooling, heating or refrigeration systems with sorbers are disclosed. The sorbers may adsorb gas onto a sorbent material and desorb gas therefrom. Distribution of the gas to and from the sorber may be done with porous, rigid tubes. The tubes may be formed of composite material having pores. The pores may be implemented by flowing fluids through the composite material while the material cures. The sorbers may be reinforced with rods to provide greater strength and stability in load-inducing environments. The tubes may extend through the sorbent and thereby provide a channel for the gas to flow to and from the sorbent and the rest of the cooling, heating or refrigeration system.
F25B 17/08 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
32.
Systems, devices and methods for gas distribution in a sorber
Features for distributing a sorber gas in cooling, heating or refrigeration systems with sorbers are disclosed. The sorbers may adsorb gas onto a sorbent material and desorb gas therefrom. Distribution of the gas to and from the sorber may be done with porous, rigid tubes. The tubes may be formed of composite material having pores. The pores may be implemented by flowing fluids through the composite material while the material cures. The sorbers may be reinforced with rods to provide greater strength and stability in load-inducing environments. The tubes may extend through the sorbent and thereby provide a channel for the gas to flow to and from the sorbent and the rest of the cooling, heating or refrigeration system.
F25B 17/08 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
A cooling system is disclosed. The cooling system may have an evaporator, an evaporator fan, a condenser, and at least one compressor. The compressor may be either a single speed or a variable speed compressor. In addition, the system can use a mechanical or electrical pulsed operation refrigerant flow control valve for controlling refrigerant flow to the evaporator.
F25D 17/06 - Arrangements for circulating cooling fluidsArrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating gas, e.g. by natural convection by forced circulation
F25B 49/02 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
H02P 1/30 - Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual polyphase induction motor by progressive increase of frequency of supply to primary circuit of motor
H02P 1/44 - Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual single-phase induction motor by phase-splitting with a capacitor
H02P 1/52 - Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor by progressive increase of frequency of supply to motor
H02P 1/56 - Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting two or more dynamo-electric motors simultaneously
F25D 19/04 - Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices with more than one refrigeration unit
A plunger driven solution pump is described that is configured to have a diaphragm that substantially conforms to the volume of a pump solution chamber when in a fully outwardly deflected state. The solution chamber may have an inlet port and an outlet port form in a concave solution chamber wall. A step, or ridge, may be formed along an outer periphery of the solution chamber wall and adjacent the inlet and outlet ports to prevent the diaphragm from becoming deformed from pressure against the solution chamber wall. This configuration may allow the pump to efficiently self-prime.
A plunger driven solution pump is described that is configured to have a diaphragm that substantially conforms to the volume of a pump solution chamber when in a fully outwardly deflected state. The solution chamber may have an inlet port and an outlet port form in a concave solution chamber wall. A step, or ridge, may be formed along an outer periphery of the solution chamber wall and adjacent the inlet and outlet ports to prevent the diaphragm from becoming deformed from pressure against the solution chamber wall. This configuration may allow the pump to efficiently self-prime.
A co-fired generator for use in a continuous-cycle absorption heating and cooling system may provide heat to the interior of an annulus chamber from a first heat exchanger, such as a firetube heat exchanger, supplemented by heat to the exterior of the annulus chamber from a second heat exchanger containing fluid heated by an external source. Some embodiments may circulate fluid heated in a solar-heated collector through the second heat exchanger. Other embodiments may route exhaust gas from a combustion engine through the second heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger may be provided with a plurality of fins to increase the surface area available for thermal transfer between the heated fluid and the annulus chamber.
F25B 15/04 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being ammonia evaporated from aqueous solution
A co-fired generator for use in a continuous-cycle absorption heating and cooling system may provide heat to the interior of an annulus chamber from a first heat exchanger, such as a firetube heat exchanger, supplemented by heat to the exterior of the annulus chamber from a second heat exchanger containing fluid heated by an external source. Some embodiments may circulate fluid heated in a solar-heated collector through the second heat exchanger. Other embodiments may route exhaust gas from a combustion engine through the second heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger may be provided with a plurality of fins to increase the surface area available for thermal transfer between the heated fluid and the annulus chamber.
F28D 7/10 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
F25B 27/00 - Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
F22B 7/10 - Steam boilers of furnace-tube type, i.e. the combustion of fuel being performed inside one or more furnace tubes built-in in the boiler body with auxiliary water tubes outside the boiler body
F22B 7/04 - Steam boilers of furnace-tube type, i.e. the combustion of fuel being performed inside one or more furnace tubes built-in in the boiler body with auxiliary water tubes
F22B 9/04 - Steam boilers of fire-tube type, i.e. the flue gas from a combustion chamber outside the boiler body flowing through tubes built-in in the boiler body the boiler body being disposed upright, e.g. above the combustion chamber the fire tubes being in upright arrangement
F28D 7/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups
F28F 1/12 - Tubular elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
F28F 1/36 - Tubular elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely the means being helically-wound fins or wire spirals
F25B 15/04 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being ammonia evaporated from aqueous solution
F25B 49/04 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for sorption type machines, plants or systems
F24H 1/26 - Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
F24H 1/52 - Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water incorporating heat exchangers for domestic water
F24H 4/00 - Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
F25B 27/02 - Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
F28D 7/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
38.
UTILITY CONTROL OF HVAC WITH INTEGRAL ELECTRICAL STORAGE UNIT
One aspect is an HVAC grid controller that may communicate with local HVAC controllers, wherein the local HVAC controllers control the operation of local HVAC components including an integral electrical storage unit. Thus, the HVAC grid may sends appropriate control signals to local HVAC controllers to, for example, draw power from an electrical storage unit to operate local HVAC components. The local HVAC controller may also be additionally programmable by a user to select a period of time in which the HVAC unit is to be powered by a local electrical storage unit. By using an electrical storage unit to power HVAC components, a utility power provider may better manage load on its electrical grid, and a consumer may avoid peak time-of-use electricity charges.
A cascade heat pump system is configured with variable- speed compressors which allow operation at a high system coefficient of performance for a given thermal load. An electronic control module may be utilized to dynamically vary the speed of the compressors to achieve maximum energy efficiency. Variable- speed fans or blowers may also be used.
F25B 7/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
A microgrid controller may control the generation, distribution, storage and use of electrical power on a microgrid. Embodiments of a microgrid controller may include inputs for different types of power (e.g. AC and DC) or power sources (e.g. wind and solar), an input for utility grid power, electrical equipment for conditioning the electrical power received from the multiple sources (e.g. rectifiers and inverters), outputs to multiple types of loads (e.g. three-phase AC and single-phase AC) and control circuitry designed to control the generation, storage, distribution and usage of electrical power on the microgrid. Embodiments of microgrid systems may include multiple types of electrical generation sources (e.g. wind, solar, electromechanical and fuel cell), multiple types of electrical loads (e.g. inductive and resistive), electrical storage units (e.g. batteries) and a microgrid controller.
Described is a ballistic composite having a front impact surface and a back surface comprising. The composite may include a plurality of layers of woven fabric of polarized ballistic fibers and a metal salt, oxide, hydroxide or hydride polar bonded onto the woven fibers. In addition, a substantially water impermeable coating composition can be applied onto the layers of the woven fibers and/or on the exterior of the composite. In addition, the layers of woven fabric adjacent to the front impact surface can differ in composition from the layers of woven fabric adjacent to the back surface. In addition, the weave fabric making up the composite may have a cover factor of between about 0.6 and about 0.98.
B32B 5/08 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by structural features of a layer comprising fibres or filaments the fibres or filaments of a layer being specially arranged or being of different substances
B32B 5/26 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer also being fibrous or filamentary
D03D 15/587 - Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads adhesiveWoven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads fusible
D06M 11/83 - Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereofSuch treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metalsTreating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereofSuch treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonylsReduction of metal compounds on textiles
D06M 15/19 - Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials with macromolecular compoundsSuch treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
F41H 1/02 - Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garmentsComposite protection fabrics
A cooling system is disclosed. The cooling system may have an evaporator, an evaporator fan, a condenser, and at least one compressor. The compressor may be either a single speed or a variable speed compressor. In addition, the system can use a mechanical or electrical pulsed operation refrigerant flow control valve for controlling refrigerant flow to the evaporator.
A cascade heat pump system is configured with variable-speed compressors which allow operation at a high system coefficient of performance for a given thermal load. An electronic control module may be utilized to dynamically vary the speed of the compressors to achieve maximum energy efficiency. Variable-speed fans or blowers may also be used.
F25B 7/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
F25B 49/00 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
F25B 49/02 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
A cooling system is disclosed. The cooling system may have an evaporator, an evaporator fan, a condenser, and at least one compressor. The compressor may be either a single speed or a variable speed compressor. In addition, the system can use a mechanical or electrical pulsed operation refrigerant flow control valve for controlling refrigerant flow to the evaporator.
F25B 49/02 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
H02P 1/30 - Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual polyphase induction motor by progressive increase of frequency of supply to primary circuit of motor
H02P 1/44 - Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual single-phase induction motor by phase-splitting with a capacitor
H02P 1/52 - Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor by progressive increase of frequency of supply to motor
H02P 1/56 - Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting two or more dynamo-electric motors simultaneously
45.
HVAC/R battery back-up power supply system having a variable frequency drive (VFD) power supply
A power supply for an HVAC/R system is configured to provide back-up power functionality for situations when the main source of power fails. The power supply includes a DC power bus which receives power from the main source of power as well as a back up source. When the main source fails the back up source provides power to the DC power bus. Connected to the DC power bus is a variable frequency drive power supply (VFD). The VFD is configured to provide power to the components of the HVAC/R system based on power received from the DC power bus.
An HVAC/R system is configured with a variable frequency drive power supply which provides power to each of a compressor, a condenser fan, and a blower. In some embodiments, the compressor has a three-phase motor and the condenser fan has a single-phase motor.
An HVAC/R system is configured with a variable frequency drive power supply which provides power to both a three-phase motor and to a single-phase motor. In some embodiments, the three-phase motor is a compressor motor and the single-phase motor is a condenser fan motor.
H01H 47/00 - Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
48.
Thermal energy battery and method for cooling temperature sensitive components
A thermal energy battery for cooling temperature sensitive components comprises a composite of a sorbent with ammonia, water, alcohol, amine or a fluorocarbon refrigerant absorbed thereon and incorporated on a substrate material. The composite is encased in a containment material configured to rupture or otherwise release refrigerant desorbed by the sorbent composition when internal battery pressure reaches a threshold ΔP from the outside pressure, and thermal conduction means in thermal contact with the thermal energy battery and one or more temperature sensitive components for directing thermal energy therebetween to heat the composite and cool the temperature sensitive components.
H01M 2/00 - Constructional details, or processes of manufacture, of the non-active parts
F25B 15/00 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
F25B 17/08 - Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
A system for cooling components comprises a composite of a sponge or sponge-like material with liquid refrigerant absorbed thereon and encased in a containment material configured to rupture or otherwise release evaporating refrigerant when internal composite pressure reaches a threshold ΔP from the outside pressure and/or at a pre-selected composite temperature, and thermal conduction means in thermal contact with the composite and one or more components for directing thermal energy to cool the components.
Thermal management system for computers and other electronics comprised of heat exchangers being parts of machines, heat spreaders, spot coolers, heat sinks, cooling fans, thermal electric modules, variable fan speed controls, clock speed controls, complex compound sorbers, phase change coolers and optimized air ducts
A thermal management method of operation to cool critical heat generating components and when a critical electronic component approaches its designated maximum operation temperature or its rate of temperature increase is determined to be in excess a predetermined level, its operating speed is reduced in small increments (1% to 5%), and/or a cooling fan speed it increased in small increments, (1% to 5%), and, if necessary, operation of a variable capacity heat transfer component is induced to cool the critical component.
A cooler for heat generating electronic components comprising a heat exchange plate configured for heat exchange communication with one or more heat generating electronic components includes a fin stack having a plurality of heat exchange fins and one or more heat pipes and/or thermosyphon tubes in heat exchange communication with the heat exchange plate and said plurality of fins, and a fan for directing air to and/or from the fins, each of said fins having a centered interior circular opening or hole, the fins stacked with the holes coaxially aligned and substantially centered in the fin stack and defining an elongated cavity having a first open end adjacent to the heat exchange plate and a second open end adjacent to the fan, and an elongated insert centrally positioned lengthwise along the cylindrical cavity and having a exterior surface of revolution smaller than the diameter of the cavity and defining an airflow channel between the insert and the fin openings and wherein the exterior surface of revolution of the insert is shaped, tapered or slanted and/or the interior openings of the fins are of the same or different diameters to provide an airflow channel width increasing from the fist end to the second end.
The present invention provides systems and methods for power factor control of a motor. A phase detector uses a line voltage of a power supply and a motor terminal voltage of a motor. The output of the phase detector is synchronized to a zero crossing of the motor current of the motor and a zero crossing of the line voltage. A digital microprocessor connected between the output of the phase detector and a rectifier driver senses a first time at which a phase of the motor voltage is crossing zero volts and a second time at which a phase of the motor current is crossing zero current. The digital microprocessor calculates the difference in time between the first and second times and uses the difference in time to calculate a phase lag of the motor. The digital microprocessor uses the phase lag to calculate a firing time of a rectifier to command power efficiently to the motor.
A penetration resistant composite comprises a substrate material comprising woven, layered or intertwined polarized strands of glass, polyamide, polyphenylene sulfide, carbon or graphite fibers, a salt, oxide, hydroxide or hydride of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin, aluminum, double metal salts and/or mixtures of two or more thereof or a metal hydride polar bonded on the surface of said fibers and/or strands of fibers at a concentration of at least about 0.3 grams/cc of open substrate material volume, and a substantially water impermeable coating thereon.
A composite configured to release refrigerant therefrom comprises a substrate material comprising polarized fibers of glass, polyamide, phenylene sulfide, carbon or graphite having bonded thereon a metal compound comprising a complex compound of a polar gaseous refrigerant and a metal salt and/or a hydrated metal hydroxide and/or a metal hydroxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin, aluminum, or two or more thereof, at a concentration of at least about 0.3 grams/cc of open substrate material volume, and a coating composition thereon configured to prevent release of internal gaseous refrigerant therethrough at ambient temperatures and pressure and capable of penetration of gaseous refrigerant therethrough from the composite interior at temperatures causing internal gas pressures of 15% or more above exterior pressure for such refrigerant release.
Device consisting of a container with aluminum pockets which when plugged into an electrical source warms golf balls to their optimum temperature and maintains the warmth of the balls when disconnected from the electrical source
