A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.
H01M 4/57 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead of "grey lead", i.e. powders containing lead and lead oxide
B22F 9/04 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
B22F 9/08 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
B22F 9/16 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using chemical processes
A process. The process includes forming a slurry comprising electrode active material particles of one or more lithium-ion electrochemical cells, magnetizing the electrode active material particles, and separating the magnetized electrode active material particles from the slurry.
B03C 1/033 - Component partsAuxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit
B03C 1/034 - Component partsAuxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit characterised by the matrix elements
B03C 1/32 - Magnetic separation acting on the medium containing the substance being separated, e.g. magneto-gravimetric-, magnetohydrostatic-, or magnetohydrodynamic separation
B07B 1/46 - Constructional details of screens in generalCleaning or heating of screens
H01M 10/54 - Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
3.
Lead-based alloy and related processes and products
A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
B22F 9/04 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
B22F 9/08 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
B22F 9/16 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using chemical processes
H01M 4/56 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead
H01M 4/57 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead of "grey lead", i.e. powders containing lead and lead oxide
A process. The process includes forming a slurry comprising electrode active material particles of one or more lithium-ion electrochemical cells, magnetizing the electrode active material particles and separating the magnetized electrode active material particles from the slurry.
B03C 1/033 - Component partsAuxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit
B03C 1/034 - Component partsAuxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit characterised by the matrix elements
B03C 1/32 - Magnetic separation acting on the medium containing the substance being separated, e.g. magneto-gravimetric-, magnetohydrostatic-, or magnetohydrodynamic separation
B07B 1/46 - Constructional details of screens in generalCleaning or heating of screens
H01M 10/54 - Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
5.
Lead-based alloy and related processes and products
A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.
H01M 4/57 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead of "grey lead", i.e. powders containing lead and lead oxide
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
B22F 9/04 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
B22F 9/08 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
B22F 9/16 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using chemical processes
A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.
H01M 4/57 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead of "grey lead", i.e. powders containing lead and lead oxide
H01M 4/73 - Grids for lead-acid accumulators, e.g. frame plates
H01M 4/56 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
B22F 9/16 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using chemical processes
B22F 9/08 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
B22F 9/04 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
A process. The process includes forming a slurry comprising electrode active material particles of one or more lithium-ion electrochemical cells, magnetizing the electrode active material particles and separating the magnetized electrode active material particles from the slurry.
B03C 1/033 - Component partsAuxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit
B03C 1/034 - Component partsAuxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit characterised by the matrix elements
B03C 1/32 - Magnetic separation acting on the medium containing the substance being separated, e.g. magneto-gravimetric-, magnetohydrostatic-, or magnetohydrodynamic separation
H01M 10/54 - Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
reduced that is in a range that is from about 0.4 to about 1.5 mm such that the reduction in thickness is in a range of about 10 to about 50%, wherein the lead-based alloy comprises lead and silver and is essentially free of calcium, and wherein the silver is at a concentration that is in a range of about 0.003 to about 0.015 weight percent.
A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.
H01M 4/20 - Processes of manufacture of pasted electrodes
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/56 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead
H01M 4/57 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead of "grey lead", i.e. powders containing lead and lead oxide
16.
Lead-based alloy and related processes and products
A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.
H01M 4/57 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead of "grey lead", i.e. powders containing lead and lead oxide
C22C 11/10 - Alloys based on lead with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent with tin
B22F 9/04 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
B22F 9/08 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
B22F 9/16 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using chemical processes
A process and system for the separation of materials from electrochemical cells is disclosed. Electrode materials are removed from electrochemical cells and separated into constituent active materials using magnetic separation.
B07B 1/46 - Constructional details of screens in generalCleaning or heating of screens
B03C 1/32 - Magnetic separation acting on the medium containing the substance being separated, e.g. magneto-gravimetric-, magnetohydrostatic-, or magnetohydrodynamic separation
H01M 10/54 - Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
A battery grid comprising a continuous cast and mechanically deformed lead-based alloy that comprises lead and silver and is essentially free of calcium, wherein the silver is at a concentration that is in a range of about 0.003 to about 0.015 weight percent, and has a predominant equiaxed grain structure that comprises grain sizes that are in a range of about 0.1 to about 5 microns. Other alloy constituents include bismuth at a concentration that is in a range of about 0.003 to about 0.002 weight percent and tin at a concentration that is in a range of about 0.2 to about 1.8 weight percent. A process for making strip of said alloy for use in manufacturing said grid. A battery comprising said grid.
A battery grid comprising a continuous cast and mechanically deformed lead-based alloy that comprises lead and silver and is essentially free of calcium, wherein the silver is at a concentration that is in a range of about 0.003 to about 0.015 weight percent, and has a predominant equiaxed grain structure that comprises grain sizes that are in a range of about 0.1 to about 5 microns. Other alloy constituents include bismuth at a concentration that is in a range of about 0.003 to about 0.002 weight percent and tin at a concentration that is in a range of about 0.2 to about 1.8 weight percent. A process for making strip of said alloy for use in manufacturing said grid. A battery comprising said grid.
An emissions reduction stack includes a conditioning section, collector section utilizing a Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP), and output section. A chemically active aqueous stream is introduced into an incoming process stream in order to saturate the stream and produce a fog stream wherein water is condensed on the surface of particulates. The process of condensation increases the efficiency of the particulate filtration process conducted by the WESP.
B03C 3/16 - Plant or installations having external electricity supply wet type
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
B01D 53/64 - Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
B03C 3/14 - Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by the additional use of mechanical effects, e.g. gravity
A process and system for the separation of materials from electrochemical cells is disclosed. Electrode materials are removed from electrochemical cells and separated into constituent active materials using magnetic separation.
B03C 1/32 - Magnetic separation acting on the medium containing the substance being separated, e.g. magneto-gravimetric-, magnetohydrostatic-, or magnetohydrodynamic separation
H01M 10/54 - Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
25.
MAGNETIC SEPARATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL MATERIALS
A process and system for the separation of materials from electrochemical cells is disclosed. Electrode materials are removed from electrochemical cells and separated into constituent active materials using magnetic separation.
B03C 1/32 - Magnetic separation acting on the medium containing the substance being separated, e.g. magneto-gravimetric-, magnetohydrostatic-, or magnetohydrodynamic separation
H01M 6/52 - Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste cells or batteries
H01M 10/54 - Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
26.
WET ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR AND RELATED METHODS
An emissions reduction stack comprises a conditioning section, collector section utilizing a wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP), and an output section. A chemically active aqueous stream is introduced into an incoming process stream in order to saturate the stream and produce a fog stream wherein water is condensed on the surface of particulates. The process of condensation increases the efficiency of the particulate filtration process conducted by the WESP.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
An emissions reduction slack includes a conditioning section, collector section utilizing a Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP), and output section. A chemically active aqueous stream is introduced into an incoming process stream in order to saturate the stream and produce a fog stream wherein water is condensed on the surface of particulates. The process of condensation increases the efficiency of the particulate filtration process conducted by the WESP.
An electrode is fonned using a sanding mechanism to condition the surface of the electrode for electrochemical purposes. Hazardous particles emitted during sanding are captured using jetted liquid, and may be recycled for later use. The sanded surface provides increased electrode lifespan and lead oxide adherence.
B24B 21/06 - Machines or devices using grinding or polishing beltsAccessories therefor for grinding plane surfaces involving members with limited contact area pressing the belt against the work, e.g. shoes sweeping across the whole area to be ground
B24B 21/10 - Machines or devices using grinding or polishing beltsAccessories therefor for grinding plane surfaces involving a rigid member, e.g. pressure bar, table, pressing or supporting the belt over substantially its whole span
B24B 21/12 - Machines or devices using grinding or polishing beltsAccessories therefor for grinding plane surfaces involving a contact wheel or roller pressing the belt against the work
29.
Electrochemical anodes having friction stir welded joints and methods of manufacturing such anodes
An electrochemical anode is formed using friction stir welded (FSW) joints. A FSW joint may be formed between the bus bar and anode sheet or the lead encapsulation and anode sheet. The FSW joints may also comprise fillet and butt joints. FSW joints may also be utilized to seal the ends of the electrochemical anodes to prevent corrosion.
An electrochemical anode is formed using friction stir welded (FSW) joints. A FSW joint may be formed between the bus bar and anode sheet or the lead encapsulation and anode sheet. The FSW joints may also comprise fillet and butt joints. FSW joints may also be utilized to seal the ends of the electrochemical anodes to prevent corrosion.
Materials in battery and electrochemical cells are separated in a form suitable for recycling by employing froth flotation techniques. Bulk materials, such as casings, are removed from converted battery scrap and the resultant pulp is subjected to froth flotation. Froth flotation agents, including frothers, collectors and/or depressants, are used to manipulate the hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the materials in the scrap. Hydrophobic materials are entrained in the air bubbles of the froth and float out of the froth flotation vessel while those that are hydrophilic remain in the vessel, thereby separating battery grid materials without resort to pyrometallurgical, energy intensive or other environmentally undesirable processes.
Materials in battery and electrochemical cells are separated in a form suitable for recycling by employing froth flotation techniques. Bulk materials, such as casings, are removed from converted battery scrap and the resultant pulp is subjected to froth flotation. Froth flotation agents, including frothers, collectors and/or depressants, are used to manipulate the hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the materials in the scrap. Hydrophobic materials are entrained in the air bubbles of the froth and float out of the froth flotation vessel while those that are hydrophilic remain in the vessel, thereby separating battery grid materials without resort to pyrometallurgical, energy intensive or other environmentally undesirable processes.
B02C 23/10 - Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
B02C 23/14 - Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
B03B 9/06 - General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
A lead-acid battery grid made from a lead-based alloy containing, in addition to lead, tin at a concentration that is at least about 0.500%, silver at a concentration that is greater than 0.006%, and bismuth at a concentration that is at least about 0.005%, and, if calcium is present in the lead-based alloy, the calcium is at concentration that is no greater than about 0.010%.
A lead calcium tin alloy to which cobalt has been added is described., The alloy is useful in the formation of anodes to be used in electrowinning cells. Electrowinning cells containing the cobalt alloys are particularly suited for electrowinning metals, such as copper, from sulfuric acid electrolytes. The cobalt-containing anodes improve the efficiency of oxygen evolution at the anode during electrowinning and reduce corrosion of the anode.
B23K 31/00 - Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups
38.
WET ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR AND RELATED METHODS
An emissions reduction stack comprises a conditioning section, collector section utilizing a wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP), and an output section. A chemically active aqueous stream is introduced into an incoming process stream in order to saturate the stream and produce a fog stream wherein water is condensed on the surface of particulates. The process of condensation increases the efficiency of the particulate filtration process conducted by the WESP.
A process and system for the separation of materials from electrochemical cells is disclosed. Electrode materials are removed from electrochemical cells and separated into constituent active materials using magnetic separation.
B03C 1/32 - Magnetic separation acting on the medium containing the substance being separated, e.g. magneto-gravimetric-, magnetohydrostatic-, or magnetohydrodynamic separation
H01M 6/52 - Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste cells or batteries
H01M 10/54 - Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
40.
LEAD-BASED ALLOY AND RELATED PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS
A lead-based alloy containing alloying additions of bismuth, antimony, arsenic, and tin is used for the production of doped leady oxides, lead-acid battery active materials, lead-acid battery electrodes, and lead-acid batteries.
H01M 4/20 - Processes of manufacture of pasted electrodes
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/56 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead
H01M 4/57 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead of "grey lead", i.e. powders containing lead and lead oxide
41.
SEPARATION OF MATERIALS FROM RECYCLED ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND BATTERIES BY FROTH FLOTATION
The present invention relates to the technical field of battery recycling, particularly the recovery of battery active materials from lead-acid battery scrap. The invention includes a method in which battery pulp or battery paste is suspended in water and at least one froth flotation operation is performed on the suspension to separate and recover battery active material such as carbon and lead dioxide.
