A method of forming a coating layer on a substrate is disclosed, and provides for controlled application of overlapping swathes to reduce apparent overlap regions. The method comprises providing a high transfer efficiency applicator; receiving image data and a predefined non-linear laydown pattern; determining a plurality of overlapping swathes each addressable by at least one printhead and forming an overlap region an adjoining swathe; apportioning each overlap region between adjoining swathes and assigning complementary portions of the non-linear laydown pattern to the adjoining swathes; applying a coating composition with the applicator to at least one first swathe and forming a first portion of the non-linear laydown pattern in at least one overlap region thereof; and applying the coating composition to at least one second swathe and forming a second portion of the non-linear laydown pattern in the at least one overlap region.
B41J 3/407 - Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
Coating application systems and methods of using the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a coating application system includes a support system defined in an XYZ coordinate system, where the XYZ coordinate system includes an X axis, a Y axis, and a Z axis that are all perpendicular to each other. The X and Y axes define an XY plane at a zero Z axis position. The support system includes a first and second bar both of which run in the X direction of the XY plane. A traveling rod is connected to the first and second bars and is configured to run in the X direction. A plurality of printheads are connected to the traveling rod, where the plurality of printheads include a first and second printhead that are configured to articulate independent of each other.
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
B05C 9/06 - Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by groups , or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying two different liquids or other fluent materials, or the same liquid or other fluent material twice, to the same side of the work
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
3.
COATING APPLICATON SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF COATING A SUBSTRATE
Coating application systems and methods of using the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a coating application system includes a support system defined in an XYZ coordinate system, where the XYZ coordinate system includes an X axis, a Y axis, and a Z axis that are all perpendicular to each other. The X and Y axes define an XY plane at a zero Z axis position. The support system includes a first and second bar both of which run in the X direction of the XY plane. A traveling rod is connected to the first and second bars and is configured to run in the X direction. A plurality of printheads are connected to the traveling rod, where the plurality of printheads include a first and second printhead that are configured to articulate independent of each other.
B41J 25/304 - Bodily-movable mechanisms for print heads or carriages movable towards or from paper surface
B41J 3/407 - Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
B41J 25/316 - Bodily-movable mechanisms for print heads or carriages movable towards or from paper surface with tilting motion mechanisms relative to paper surface
B05B 1/00 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
4.
PRINT CORRECTION METHOD AND DROPLET EJECTION HEAD THEREFOR
A method of ejecting droplets of fluid to compensate for thickness variation due to on-substrate fluid flow of a dried uncompensated layer is disclosed. The method comprises a) receiving uncompensated image data and a predefined nominal thickness; b) determining the thickness variation from said predefined nominal thickness at one or more locations on a substrate of one or more dried uncompensated layers; c) determining compensating image data to compensate for said thickness variation; and d) ejecting droplets of fluid through one or more nozzles of a droplet ejection head using said compensating image data to form a dried compensated layer on said substrate. A droplet ejection apparatus (90) for implementing the method is also disclosed, and comprises one or more droplet ejection heads (60) mounted on one or more movement devices (70).
B41J 3/407 - Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
B41J 11/00 - Devices or arrangements for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form
5.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MATCHING COLOR AND APPEARANCE OF TARGET COATINGS
A system and method include receiving target image data associated with a target coating. A texture feature extraction analysis process is applied to the target image data to determine a target texture image feature. A machine learning model identifies one or more texture features for matching to a target coating.
B05B 12/08 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material discharged, of ambient medium or of target
Methods for forming top coats include spray-applying a waterborne top coat composition on the substrate to form a top coat layer, wherein the waterborne top coat composition comprises water, pigment(s) and resin solids, the resin solids comprising about 60 to 100 wt. % of binder solids and 0 to about 40 wt. % of crosslinker solids, the binder solids comprising about 1 to about 40 wt. % of a urethanized polyester/(meth)acryl copolymer hybrid binder having a hydroxyl number of about 30 to about 200 mg KOH/g and a carboxyl number of about 8 to about 50 mg KOH/g, and about 60 to about 99 wt. % of one or more additional binders, the sum of the respective wt. % in each case equaling 100 wt. %; and curing the top coat layer to form a cured top coat.
C09D 153/00 - Coating compositions based on block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bondsCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
C09D 5/36 - Pearl essence, e.g. coatings containing platelet-like pigments for pearl lustre
A method of applying a coating composition to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator is disclosed and provides coated article. The high transfer efficiency applicator comprises a plurality of nozzles, each being configured to apply a stream or stream of droplets of the coating composition to a substrate substantially without atomization, and an infrared emitter. The method includes providing a coating composition for overspray-free application to the high transfer efficiency applicator, and applying the coating composition via disposing a plurality of lines of the coating composition onto the substrate via the plurality of nozzles. The method also includes irradiating the coating composition via the infrared emitter during and/or after application to give an irradiated coating composition, and thereby form an overspray free coating layer on the substrate.
B05D 3/06 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
8.
METHOD OF APPLYING A COATING COMPOSITION TO A SUBSTRATE UTILIZING A HIGH TRANSFER EFFICIENCY APPLICATOR
A method of applying a coating composition to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator is disclosed and provides coated article. The high transfer efficiency applicator comprises a plurality of nozzles, each being configured to apply a stream or stream of droplets of the coating composition to a substrate substantially without atomization, and an infrared emitter. The method includes providing a coating composition for overspray-free application to the high transfer efficiency applicator, and applying the coating composition via disposing a plurality of lines of the coating composition onto the substrate via the plurality of nozzles. The method also includes irradiating the coating composition via the infrared emitter during and/or after application to give an irradiated coating composition, and thereby form an overspray free coating layer on the substrate.
B41J 2/45 - Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material using arrays of radiation sources using light-emitting diode arrays
B41J 11/00 - Devices or arrangements for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form
C09D 11/03 - Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
C09D 11/101 - Inks specially adapted for printing processes involving curing by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. with UV-curing following the printing
B01F 35/213 - Measuring of the properties of the mixtures, e.g. temperature, density or colour
F16N 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
9.
DISPERSANT POLYMER AND COMPOSITION COMPRISING THE SAME
A polymer includes the reaction product of A, B, and C and optionally D and/or E wherein: A is a polyepoxide that is: the condensation product of phenol, formaldehyde, and epichlorohydrin; the condensation product of bisphenol A, formaldehyde, and epichlorohydrin; or a combination of said condensation products; B is a polymer that is: an acrylic polymer with one or two terminal carboxylic acid groups; a polyester with one carboxylic acid group; or a combination of said polymers; and C is an anchoring compound that is: a primary amine; a secondary amine; a monocarboxylic acid; a cyclic imide; or a combination thereof; D is an alkylating agent; and E is a polyether with a terminal primary amine group. This polymer is included in a composition that further includes a compound such as a particulate solid.
C08G 81/02 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers at least one of the polymers being obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
10.
PERCEPTUAL-REALISTIC COLORED SPARKLE EVALUATION AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR IMAGE-BASED MATCHING OF COLOR AND APPEARANCE OF COATINGS CONTAINING EFFECT PIGMENTS
A computing system and associated methodology of evaluating and matching colored sparkle appearance of coatings containing at least one effect pigment type are disclosed. The methodology processes a digital image of a coating sample obtain pixel-specific sparkle point data and pixel-specific background data, both of which are formatted in accordance with an advanced color appearance model that corresponds to human color perception. A colored sparkle visual scaling value is calculated from the pixel-specific data, wherein the visual scaling value indicates colored sparkle characteristics of the coating sample. The visual scaling value of the coating sample is compared against the visual scaling value of a previously-characterized candidate coating specimen. The results of the comparison are used to determine how well the candidate coating specimen matches (in colored sparkle characteristics) the coating sample.
G06T 7/90 - Determination of colour characteristics
11.
Perceptual-realistic Colored Sparkle Evaluation And Measurement System For Image-based Matching Of Color And Appearance Of Coatings Containing Effect Pigments
A computing system and associated methodology of evaluating and matching colored sparkle appearance of coatings containing at least one effect pigment type are disclosed. The methodology processes a digital image of a coating sample obtain pixel-specific sparkle point data and pixel-specific background data, both of which are formatted in accordance with an advanced color appearance model that corresponds to human color perception. A colored sparkle visual scaling value is calculated from the pixel-specific data, wherein the visual scaling value indicates colored sparkle characteristics of the coating sample. The visual scaling value of the coating sample is compared against the visual scaling value of a previously-characterized candidate coating specimen. The results of the comparison are used to determine how well the candidate coating specimen matches (in colored sparkle characteristics) the coating sample.
A method of preparing a coated article is disclosed. The method includes providing a substrate bearing a partially-dehydrated aqueous coating layer. The method further includes providing a coating composition to a high transfer efficiency applicator, the high transfer efficiency applicator comprising a plurality of nozzles each being configured to apply a stream of the coating composition to a substrate substantially without atomization. The coating composition is a waterborne fluid that exhibits a near-Newtonian viscosity profile, and comprises a binder, a crosslinker, and a thickener. The method further includes applying the coating composition to the substrate with the high transfer efficiency applicator via disposing a plurality of lines of the coating composition onto the partiallydehydrated aqueous coating layer of the substrate via the plurality of nozzles, thereby forming an overspray free coating layer thereon.
A method of preparing a coated article is disclosed. The method includes providing a substrate bearing a partially-dehydrated aqueous coating layer. The method further includes providing a coating composition to a high transfer efficiency applicator, the high transfer efficiency applicator comprising a plurality of nozzles each being configured to apply a stream of the coating composition to a substrate substantially without atomization. The coating composition is a waterborne fluid that exhibits a near-Newtonian viscosity profile, and comprises a binder, a crosslinker, and a thickener. The method further includes applying the coating composition to the substrate with the high transfer efficiency applicator via disposing a plurality of lines of the coating composition onto the partially-dehydrated aqueous coating layer of the substrate via the plurality of nozzles, thereby forming an overspray free coating layer thereon.
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
Methods and systems for displaying a modified coating image are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method of displaying a coating includes a person entering a starting coating into a computer with an input device, where the computer includes the input device, a memory, a processor, and an output device. The computer provides a starting color additive formulation for the starting coating, where the starting color additive formulation includes a starting color additive and a starting color additive quantity. The person enters a modified color additive formulation into the computer, where the modified color additive formulation is different than the starting color additive formulation. The computer generates a modified coating image based on the modified color additive formulation, and displays the modified coating image on the output device.
A system and method for automatically producing product mix and application information include a display for depicting a plurality of indicators arranged on a chart. A sensor is used for sensing one of the indicators positioned within the chart. A processor-based system retrieves from a database the mix and application information based upon the sensed indicator. The retrieved mix and application information is provided for mixing paint components.
Cathodic electrocoating composition with improved edge protection and coating appearance are provided. An exemplary cathodic electrocoating composition includes an aqueous carrier, a film forming binder dispersed in the carrier and including an epoxy-amine adduct and a blocked polyisocyanate crosslinking agent; a pigment paste; a water-soluble cellulose ether; and a cationic microgel dispersion which is prepared by a process comprising dispersing in aqueous medium a mixture of a cationic polyepoxide-amine reaction product which contains amine groups selected from the group consisting of primary amine groups, secondary amine groups, and mixtures thereof and a polyepoxide crosslinking agent and heating the mixture to a temperature sufficient to crosslink the mixture to form the cationic microgel dispersion. The water-soluble cellulose ether may be hydroxyethyl cellulose.
Disclosed here is a method of matching color and appearance of coatings containing at least one effect pigment. The method involves: obtaining, for a coating sample, sample color image data having pixel‑specific color model properties; generating a characterizing histogram for the sample color image data, wherein the characterizing histogram represents an appearance feature descriptor of the coating sample; creating a sample histogram vector from the characterizing histogram; retrieving a specimen histogram vector for a candidate coating specimen; and calculating a cosine similarity value from the sample histogram vector and the specimen histogram vector, wherein the cosine similarity value indicates how well the candidate coating specimen matches the coating sample to be matched.
NNN bin counts, and wherein the binary pattern histogram represents an appearance feature descriptor of the coating sample to be matched; and utilizing the binary pattern histogram for comparison against a previously generated binary pattern histogram that serves as an appearance feature descriptor of a candidate coating specimen.
G06F 18/22 - Matching criteria, e.g. proximity measures
G01J 3/46 - Measurement of colourColour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
G06F 16/583 - Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content
G06F 18/23213 - Non-hierarchical techniques using statistics or function optimisation, e.g. modelling of probability density functions with fixed number of clusters, e.g. K-means clustering
G06F 18/2413 - Classification techniques relating to the classification model, e.g. parametric or non-parametric approaches based on distances to training or reference patterns
G06T 7/90 - Determination of colour characteristics
G06V 10/44 - Local feature extraction by analysis of parts of the pattern, e.g. by detecting edges, contours, loops, corners, strokes or intersectionsConnectivity analysis, e.g. of connected components
G06V 10/46 - Descriptors for shape, contour or point-related descriptors, e.g. scale invariant feature transform [SIFT] or bags of words [BoW]Salient regional features
G06V 10/50 - Extraction of image or video features by performing operations within image blocksExtraction of image or video features by using histograms, e.g. histogram of oriented gradients [HoG]Extraction of image or video features by summing image-intensity valuesProjection analysis
G06V 10/54 - Extraction of image or video features relating to texture
G06V 10/56 - Extraction of image or video features relating to colour
G06V 10/75 - Organisation of the matching processes, e.g. simultaneous or sequential comparisons of image or video featuresCoarse-fine approaches, e.g. multi-scale approachesImage or video pattern matchingProximity measures in feature spaces using context analysisSelection of dictionaries
G06V 10/764 - Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning using classification, e.g. of video objects
Coating compositions for application to a substrate utilizing an applicator are provided. An exemplary coating composition provided for application to a substrate utilizing an applicator with an application efficiency greater than 80% has a loss of volatiles after application through the applicator of less than about 1 weight percent based on a total weight of the coating composition. The coating composition includes a radiation-polymerizable binder; wherein the coating composition has a pre-application viscosity at a shear rate of 1000 s−1 of less than about 100 centipoise (cP); and wherein the coating composition has a post-radiation-exposure viscosity at a shear rate of 0.1 s−1 of from about 500 cP to about 150,000 cP.
C09D 4/06 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond in combination with a macromolecular compound other than an unsaturated polymer of groups
C09D 5/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects producedFilling pastes
20.
IMAGE-BASED MATCHING OF COLOR AND APPEARANCE OF COATINGS CONTAINING EFFECT PIGMENTS, USING A COSINE COMPARISON METHODOLOGY
Disclosed here is a method of matching color and appearance of coatings containing at least one effect pigment. The method involves: obtaining, for a coating sample, sample color image data having pixel-specific color model properties; generating a characterizing histogram for the sample color image data, wherein the characterizing histogram represents an appearance feature descriptor of the coating sample; creating a sample histogram vector from the characterizing histogram; retrieving a specimen histogram vector for a candidate coating specimen; and calculating a cosine similarity value from the sample histogram vector and the specimen histogram vector, wherein the cosine similarity value indicates how well the candidate coating specimen matches the coating sample to be matched.
Disclosed here is a method of matching color and appearance of coatings containing at least one effect pigment. The method involves: obtaining, for a coating sample to be matched, sample color image data having pixel-specific color model properties; creating local binary patterns based on the pixel-specific color model properties; generating a binary pattern histogram for the local binary patterns, wherein the binary pattern histogram arranges the local binary patterns into N distinct bins to obtain N bin counts, and wherein the binary pattern histogram represents an appearance feature descriptor of the coating sample to be matched; and utilizing the binary pattern histogram for comparison against a previously generated binary pattern histogram that serves as an appearance feature descriptor of a candidate coating specimen.
G06V 10/75 - Organisation of the matching processes, e.g. simultaneous or sequential comparisons of image or video featuresCoarse-fine approaches, e.g. multi-scale approachesImage or video pattern matchingProximity measures in feature spaces using context analysisSelection of dictionaries
A system and method include receiving target image data associated with a target coating. A feature extraction analysis process is applied to the target image data to determine a target image feature. The feature extraction analysis process includes dividing the target image into sub-images which contains a plurality of target pixels. A machine learning model identifies one or more types of flakes present in the target coating using target pixel features.
A polyaspartate composition comprising an asymmetric polyaspartate resin is disclosed. The asymmetric polyaspartate resin is the reaction product of an asymmetric aspartate composition and an isocyanate chain extender. The asymmetric aspartate composition is a reaction product of a multi-functional acrylate component, at least one dialkyl butenedioate, and a multi-functional primary amino compound. A multi-resin form of the polyaspartate composition is also disclosed. The multi-resin polyaspartate composition includes at least two different variants of the asymmetric polyaspartate resin. A method of preparing the polyaspartate composition is also disclosed, along with a coating composition including the polyaspartate composition, a method of preparing a coated article therewith, and coated articles so prepared.
A polyaspartate composition comprising an asymmetric polyaspartate resin is disclosed. The asymmetric polyaspartate resin is the reaction product of an asymmetric aspartate composition and an isocyanate chain extender. The asymmetric aspartate composition is a reaction product of a multi-functional acrylate component, at least one dialkyl butenedioate, and a multi-functional primary amino compound. A multi-resin form of the polyaspartate composition is also disclosed. The multi-resin polyaspartate composition includes at least two different variants of the asymmetric polyaspartate resin. A method of preparing the polyaspartate composition is also disclosed, along with a coating composition including the polyaspartate composition, a method of preparing a coated article therewith, and coated articles so prepared.
This disclosure provides a method of applying a first coating composition and a second coating composition to a substrate. The method includes providing the substrate defining a first target area and a second target area which define a gap there between of less than about 2 mm; applying the first coating composition via a first high transfer efficiency applicator to the first target area at a wet film thickness of from about 5 to about 150 microns; and applying the second coating composition via a second high transfer efficiency applicator to the second target area at a wet film thickness of from about 5 to about 150 microns to form a continuous layer of a combination of the first and second coating compositions that extends across the gap and also extends across at least an additional portion of the substrate.
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
One aspect described herein is a polyurethane, texture coating composition, sprayable on a substrate by means of conventional spray equipment and at conventional pressures and ambient temperatures, in one or more layers to a film thickness of up to about 30 mils, comprises a resin component having hydroxyl functionality, an isocyanate functional curing component, an organotin catalyst, a polyethylene wax particle and a silica particle. The composition may optionally include an extender pigment and a colorant. Advantageously, the coating compositions of the present invention provide polyurethane films with texture, having excellent physical properties, slip properties with abrasion resistance, solvent and UV resistance and adhesion to prepared substrates. The compositions are particularly useful to repair textured substrates, add desired textures to substrates and form sprayable vehicle bedliners.
C09D 4/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond
C09D 5/28 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects producedFilling pastes for wrinkle, crackle, orange-peel, or similar decorative effects
Coating compositions, methods of producing a cured coating, and articles coated with a cured coating are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a coating composition includes a crosslinking agent, an acrylic resin, a catalyst, and a catalyst blocker that blocks the catalyst. The crosslinking agent includes an alkylated melamine, and the acrylic resin has a hydroxyl value of from about 5 to about 110 milligrams potassium hydroxide per gram of acrylic resin. The catalyst includes a sulfonic acid, and the catalyst blocker includes an amine with a boiling point of about 300 degrees Celsius or higher.
A method for providing a primer coating on an automotive body component is provided. The method includes mixing a first part comprising polyester and melamine with a second part comprising an unblocked acid catalyst to form a mixed composition; applying the mixed composition to the automotive body component; and curing the mixed composition on the automotive body component at a temperature of less than about 120° C. (250° F.), such as from about 87° C. (190° F.) to about 110° C. (230° F.).
C09D 167/02 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
B05D 3/00 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
C08J 3/24 - Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
C09D 5/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects producedFilling pastes
Dielectric pigments having a metallic appearance for radar compatible coatings and methods for making such dielectric pigments are provided. In one example, the dielectric pigment includes a flake. The flake includes a plurality of alternating layers of dielectric materials including a first layer formed of a first dielectric material having a first refractive index in the visible spectrum range and a second layer disposed adjacent to the first dielectric layer and formed of a second dielectric material having a second refractive index in the visible spectrum range that is different than the first refractive index.
Methods and systems for matching color and/or appearance of a surface of an object are provided. In one example, method includes determining a gloss of the surface of the object at one or more angles. The gloss is compared to a minimum gloss threshold to determine a condition of the surface of the object. If the gloss is at or exceeds the minimum gloss threshold, the surface is properly conditioned. If the gloss is less than the minimum gloss threshold, the surface is improperly conditioned. The color and/or appearance of the surface of the object is characterized if the surface is properly conditioned.
A novel canister storage system, mixing system, canister assembly, dispensing system, and tracking system. In one or more embodiments, the systems are used for storing, mixing and dispensing fluids. In one application, the fluid includes one or more paint toners.
B67D 7/02 - Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers or reservoirs into vehicles or into portable containers, e.g. for retail sale purposes for transferring liquids other than fuel or lubricants
B65D 83/62 - Containers for dispensing liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant with contents and propellant separated by membranes, bags or the like
B65D 83/00 - Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
B44D 3/08 - Implements for stirring or mixing paints for liquid or semi-liquid paints
B01F 29/30 - Mixing the contents of individual packages or containers, e.g. by rotating tins or bottles
B01F 29/31 - Mixing the contents of individual packages or containers, e.g. by rotating tins or bottles the containers being supported by driving means, e.g. by rotating rollers
B01F 29/322 - Containers specially adapted for coupling to rotating frames or the likeCoupling means therefor of two or more containers supported for simultaneous mixing, e.g. for bottles in crates
B01F 31/23 - Mixing the contents of independent containers, e.g. test tubes by pivoting the containers about an axis
B01F 33/84 - Mixing plants with mixing receptacles receiving material dispensed from several component receptacles, e.g. paint tins
A system for applying a first, a second, and a third coating composition. The system includes a first high transfer efficiency applicator defining a first nozzle orifice. The system further includes a second high transfer efficiency applicator defining a second nozzle orifice. The system further includes a third high transfer efficiency applicator defining a third nozzle orifice. The system further includes a substrate defining a target area. The first, the second, and the third high transfer efficiency applicators are configured to expel the first coating composition through the first nozzle orifice to the target area of the substrate, through the second nozzle orifice to the target area of the substrate, and through the third nozzle orifice to the target area of the substrate.
B05C 11/10 - Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent materialRecovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
B05B 1/02 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
B05D 1/26 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
B05D 5/06 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 11/324 - Pigment inks containing carbon black
C09D 11/328 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
C09D 167/00 - Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
C09D 167/02 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
A nozzle plate defines at least one nozzle connected to the nozzle plate at a base, wherein the at least one nozzle has a height and a top having an inner width and an outer width, wherein a ratio of the height to the inner width is greater than 5, and wherein the nozzle plate comprises a borosilicate glass. The nozzle plate is formed via a method including providing a silicon wafer having a surface; providing a borosilicate glass wafer having a surface; etching the surface of the silicon wafer to form a plurality of trenches in the surface; anodically bonding the etched surface of the silicon wafer to the surface of the borosilicate glass wafer to form a two layer composite; heating the two layer composite at a temperature of at least about 750° C.; and releasing the silicon wafer from the borosilicate glass to form the nozzle plate.
Coated substrates, methods of coating substrates, and coatings for substrates are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method for coating a substrate includes coating the substrate with a primer to form a primer layer, where the primer comprises a primer conductivity additive, a primer adhesion promotor additive, a primer binder, and primer volatiles. The primer layer is flash dried to reduce the primer volatiles to about 20 weight percent or less. The primer layer is coated with a total color coat layer prior to curing the primer layer, and then the total color coat layer and the primer layer are cured to form a cured substrate coating. The cured substrate coating has a substrate coating percent transmissivity of specified amounts or less at four different wavelength ranges, and the cured primer layer has a primer layer transmissivity less than that of the substrate coating percent transmissivity.
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
B05D 7/24 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
B05D 3/08 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by flames
Methods and assemblies for aligning an optical device with a surface configured to receive a liquid coating and for measuring a parameter of a liquid coating are provided. An exemplary method for measuring a parameter of a liquid coating includes providing a mechanical carriage connected to a surface configured to receive a layer of the liquid coating. An exemplary mechanical carriage is configured to move to and from an operative configuration located at a set distance and orientation with respect to the surface. The method further includes locating an optical device in the mechanical carriage. Also, the method includes adjusting an orientation of the optical device within the mechanical carriage to an aligned orientation based on a relationship between the surface and a mechanical alignment feature on the optical device. The method further includes performing a parameter measurement operation with the optical device in the aligned orientation.
A method of applying a coating composition to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator include the steps of providing the high transfer efficiency applicator comprising an array of nozzles wherein each nozzle defines a nozzle orifice having a diameter of from 0.00002 m to 0.0004, providing the coating composition, and applying the coating composition to the substrate through the nozzle orifice without atomization such that at least 99.9% of the applied coating composition contacts the substrate to form a coating layer having a wet thickness of at least 5 microns, wherein the coating composition includes a carrier, a binder, and a radar reflective pigment or a LiDAR reflective pigment. The coating composition has an Ohnesorge number (Oh) of from about 0.01 to about 12.6, a Reynolds number (Re) of from about 0.02 to about 6,200, and a Deborah number (De) of from greater than 0 to about 1730.
B05B 1/02 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
B05C 11/10 - Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent materialRecovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
B05D 1/26 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
B05D 5/06 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 11/324 - Pigment inks containing carbon black
C09D 11/328 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
C09D 167/00 - Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
C09D 167/02 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
Methods of coating a substrate are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a coating composition is applied to the substrate with a high transfer efficiency applicator to produce a coating layer, where the high transfer efficiency applicator and the substrate remain spatially separate while the coating composition is applied. The coating composition has a viscosity of from about 1,000 to about 1,000,000 centipoise when the coating composition is subject to a shear rate of about 0.1 reciprocal seconds (s-1). However, the coating composition is non-Newtonian such that a coating composition viscosity decreases when the shear rate is increased to the coating composition. The coating layer is impinged with a gas such that a coating layer surface moves upon impingement with the gas.
B05D 1/26 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
B05D 3/04 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
Methods and systems for robotically painting an object are provided. In one example, the method includes providing a scanner-robot arrangement. The scanner-robot arrangement includes a 3-D scanner, a robot, and at least one processor. The object is detected and an area to be painted is determined with the 3-D scanner in communication with the at least one processor. An applicator is held offset from the area of the object with the robot in communication with the at least one processor. The applicator is in fluid communication with a paint source that contains paint. The applicator is moved relative to the area of the object with the robot in communication with the at least one processor while depositing the paint from the applicator onto the area of the object.
B05B 12/12 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material discharged, of ambient medium or of target responsive to conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature
B05C 11/06 - Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surfaceControl of the thickness of a coating with a blast of gas or vapour
B05D 3/04 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
G01B 11/24 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
G01S 17/88 - Lidar systems, specially adapted for specific applications
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
B05B 13/04 - Means for supporting workArrangement or mounting of spray headsAdaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during operation
39.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING A PATH AND PAINTING AN OBJECT ALONG THE PATH
Methods and systems for robotically painting an object are provided. In one example, the method includes providing a scanner-robot arrangement. The scanner-robot arrangement includes a 3-D scanner, a robot, and at least one processor. The object is detected and an area to be painted is determined with the 3-D scanner in communication with the at least one processor. A robot path for painting the area is produced using the at least one processor. An applicator is held offset from the area of the object with the robot in communication with the at least one processor. The applicator is in fluid communication with a paint source that contains paint. The applicator is moved along the robot path with the robot in communication with the at least one processor while depositing the paint from the applicator onto the area of the object.
B05B 12/12 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material discharged, of ambient medium or of target responsive to conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature
B05C 11/06 - Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surfaceControl of the thickness of a coating with a blast of gas or vapour
G01B 11/24 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
G01S 17/88 - Lidar systems, specially adapted for specific applications
B05D 3/04 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
B05B 13/04 - Means for supporting workArrangement or mounting of spray headsAdaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during operation
Methods of coating a substrate are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a coating composition is applied to the substrate with a high transfer efficiency applicator to produce a coating layer, where the high transfer efficiency applicator and the substrate remain spatially separate while the coating composition is applied. A droplet of the coating composition expelled from the high transfer efficiency applicator has a particle size of about 10 microns or greater. The coating composition has a viscosity of from about 1,000 to about 1,000,000 centipoise when the coating composition is subject to a shear rate of about 0.1 reciprocal seconds (s−1). However, the coating composition is non-Newtonian such that a coating composition viscosity decreases when the shear rate is increased to the coating composition. The coating layer is impinged with a gas such that a coating layer surface moves upon impingement with the gas.
B05D 5/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a matt or rough surface
C09D 167/02 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
B05D 3/04 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
41.
Low-cost device and method for measuring radar transmission and reflectance of coated articles
Low-cost devices for measuring radar transmission and/or reflectance of coated articles are provided. An exemplary low-cost radar transmission and reflection measurement device includes a radar transmitter that emits a radar signal, a radar target to which the radar signal is directed, and a radar receiver that receives the radar signal. Further, the exemplary low-cost device includes a sample holder located between the radar transmitter and the radar target and between the radar target and the radar receiver. The sample holder receives a sample including a coating. The low-cost device also includes a controller connected to the radar transmitter and radar receiver. The controller measures a radar signal loss due to the coating.
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
G01S 13/88 - Radar or analogous systems, specially adapted for specific applications
Methods and devices for estimating a component transmission loss are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method includes receiving a desired substrate criterion of a desired substrate, and receiving a desired coating criterion of a desired coating. A component includes the desired substrate and the desired coating. A coating criterion value is received, where the coating criterion value quantifies the desired coating criterion. A desired coating permittivity is estimated for the desired coating, using the coating criterion value, and an estimated component transmission loss of radar signal through the component is produced.
A coating composition for application to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator. The coating composition includes a carrier and a binder. The coating composition has an Ohnesorge number (Oh) of from about 0.01 to about 12.6, the coating composition has a Reynolds number (Re) of from about 0.02 to about 6,200, and the coating composition has a Deborah number (De) of from greater than 0 to about 1730.
B05B 1/14 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openingsNozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
A method includes applying a coating composition to a substrate through a high transfer efficiency applicator, wherein the coating composition comprises a polyamide wax; wherein the coating composition has a wet film thickness of at least about 30 microns measured at about 45 degrees without visible sag after cure, wherein the viscosity measured at a shear rate of about 1 s-1 recovers, after a high shear rate of about 10000 s-1 is applied for about 20 seconds, to within about 95% of a steady state viscosity achieved at greater than about 100 seconds of continuous shearing at about 1 s-1, in less than about 5 seconds; and wherein the coating composition has a complex viscosity measured at a temperature of about 60ºC that is reduced to from about 60 to about 500 mPa-s when the complex viscosity measured at about 30ºC is from about 800 to about 8000 mPa-s.
B05D 1/26 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
Methods and systems for determining a radar compatible coating are provided. In one example, the method includes obtaining a reflectance measurement of a target coating to characterize a color of the target coating. One or more candidate formulas are generated to determine color matching to the color of the target coating. A corresponding color and a corresponding radar property for each of the one or more candidate formulations is predicted. A radar compatible coating composition that is the same or substantially similar in appearance to the target coating is generated. Generating the radar compatible coating composition is based at least in part on the corresponding color and the corresponding radar property for one of the one or more candidate formulations.
C09D 4/06 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond in combination with a macromolecular compound other than an unsaturated polymer of groups
C09D 5/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects producedFilling pastes
48.
CATHODIC ELECTROCOATING COMPOSITION HAVING REDUCED VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
A cathodic electrocoating composition having reduced volatile organic compounds includes: an epoxy resin comprising; a film forming binder, and a cross-linking agent; a pigment paste; water; and about 0.01 to about 10 percent by weight of an oxo-alcohol, based on a total weight of the composition, wherein the resin composition is free of glycol ethers.
Aqueous cathodic electrocoating compositions, methods for preparing aqueous cathodic electrocoating compositions, and methods for electrodepositing coatings from aqueous cathodic electrocoating compositions are provided. An aqueous cathodic electrocoating composition having a binder resin and a crosslinking agent is provided. In the aqueous cathodic electrocoating composition, a bismuth-sugar solution is used to provide a catalytic amount of a bismuth compound dispersed in the electrocoating composition.
C09D 5/44 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects producedFilling pastes for electrophoretic applications
C25D 13/04 - Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process with organic material
A composition for application to a substrate is provided. The composition comprises a base component and an activator component. The base component comprises hydroxyl functional prepolymers and the activator comprises isocyanate prepolymers. The composition further comprises an amount of carbon fibre. The hydroxyl functional prepolymers are formulated to polymerise with the isocyanate prepolymers to form a polymer containing carbon fibre.
C08G 18/10 - Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
B05D 7/22 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to internal surfaces, e.g. of tubes
C08G 18/24 - Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin
A method includes applying a coating composition to a substrate through a high transfer efficiency applicator wherein the coating composition has a pH of greater than about 7 and comprises:
A. a resin dispersion comprising a latex, a polyurethane, or combinations thereof;
B. an optional cross-linker;
C. an optional pigment;
D. water;
E. a water-soluble solvent; and
F. at least one rheology control agent chosen from an alkali swellable emulsion, a layered silicate, and combinations thereof;
wherein the coating composition has a viscosity of about 20 to about 100 cps as determined using ASTM 7867-13 with cone-and-plate or parallel plates at a shear rate of 1000 sec-1, and
wherein the coating composition has a wet film thickness of at least 20 microns measured at about 45 degrees without visible sag.
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 11/03 - Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
C09D 11/107 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
C09D 11/38 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by non-macromolecular additives other than solvents, pigments or dyes
A system for applying a coating composition is provided herein. The system includes a first high transfer efficiency applicator defining a first nozzle orifice and a second high transfer efficiency applicator defining a second nozzle orifice. The system further includes a reservoir. The system further includes a substrate defining a first target area and a second target area. The first high transfer efficiency applicator and the second high transfer efficiency applicator are configured to receive the coating composition from the reservoir and configured to expel the coating composition through the first nozzle orifice to the first target area of the substrate and to expel the coating composition through the second nozzle orifice to the second target area of the substrate.
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
B05B 1/02 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
B05C 11/10 - Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent materialRecovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
B05D 1/26 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
B05D 5/06 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 11/324 - Pigment inks containing carbon black
C09D 11/328 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
C09D 167/00 - Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
C09D 167/02 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
A method includes applying a coating composition to a substrate through a high transfer efficiency applicator to form the coating layer on the substrate wherein a loss of volatiles is less than about 0.5 weight, and wherein the coating composition comprises:
A. a resin comprising an acrylic, a polyester, or combinations thereof;
B. a melamine cross-linker;
C. an optional pigment;
D. an organic solvent; and
E. at least one polyurea crystal sag control agent that is the reaction product of an amine and an isocyanate, that has a melting point of from about 50° C. to about 150° C., and that is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 4 weight percent based on a total weight of the coating composition; and
wherein the coating composition has a wet film thickness of at least about 30 microns measured at about 45 degrees without visible sag.
B41M 5/00 - Duplicating or marking methodsSheet materials for use therein
C09D 11/324 - Pigment inks containing carbon black
C09D 11/54 - Inks based on two liquids, one liquid being the ink, the other liquid being a reaction solution, a fixer or a treatment solution for the ink
Devices and methods for measuring color of a target coating are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a color measurement device includes a housing configured for placement on a target coating. A source connected to the housing directs a beam of electromagnetic radiation towards the target coating at an entrance angle. A spherical coordinate system is used, where the entrance angle is a polar angle measured from a zenith that is normal to the target coating surface. First and second detectors are connected to the housing at a first and second polar angle, respectively, to measure the electromagnetic radiation reflected by a target population of flakes within the target coating, where all the flakes in the target population of flakes have the same angled flake normal polar angle. The first polar angle is different than the second polar angle.
G01N 21/31 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
55.
Low-cost device and method for measuring radar transmission and reflectance of coated articles
Low-cost devices and methods for measuring radar transmission and/or reflectance of coated articles, as well as methods for forming coatings on articles are provided. An exemplary low-cost radar transmission and reflection measurement device includes a radar transmitter that emits a radar signal, a radar target to which the radar signal is directed, and a radar receiver that receives the radar signal. Further, the exemplary low-cost device includes a sample holder located between the radar transmitter and the radar target and between the radar target and the radar receiver. The sample holder receives a sample including a coating. The low-cost device also includes a controller connected to the radar transmitter and radar receiver. The controller measures a radar signal loss due to the coating.
G01N 22/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
G01S 13/88 - Radar or analogous systems, specially adapted for specific applications
A method is described for applying a coating composition to a surface of a substrate in a pattern utilizing a non-contact deposition applicator to increase edge acuity and resolution of the coating composition in the pattern. The method includes the steps of providing the substrate having the surface that comprises a non-porous polymer, applying a surface treatment to the surface in a pattern to form a patterned surface that has increased surface energy as compared to the non-surface treated surface, providing the coating composition including a carrier and a binder, providing the non-contact deposition applicator including a nozzle, and applying the coating composition to the patterned surface through the nozzle to selectively wet the patterned surface and form a coating layer disposed in the pattern and having increased edge acuity and resolution, wherein the coating layer has a wet thickness of at least about 15 micrometers as applied.
A process includes combining a copolymer and mono- or di-valent metal ions to form a mixture, wherein the copolymer has from about 70 to about 98 wt % of an alpha-olefin moiety and about 2 to about 30 wt % of a (meth)acrylate moiety; reactively extruding the mixture to form a neutralized copolymer having a melt flow index of from about 5 to about 1500 g/10 min, wherein about 2 to about 50 wt % of the (meth)acrylate moiety is neutralized to form a mono- or di-valent metal salt present in an amount of from about 0.2 to about 20% based on the total (meth)acrylic acid content of the copolymer; and grinding the neutralized copolymer to form the powder having a Dv50 particle size of from about 10 to about 600 μm as determined using ASTM D5861, wherein the process is free of utilizing a liquid and/or a slurry.
Methods and devices for estimating a component transmission loss are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method includes receiving a desired substrate criterion of a desired substrate, and receiving a desired coating criterion of a desired coating. A component includes the desired substrate and the desired coating. A coating criterion value is received, where the coating criterion value quantifies the desired coating criterion. A desired coating permittivity is estimated for the desired coating, using the coating criterion value, and an estimated component transmission loss of radar signal through the component is produced.
G01S 13/00 - Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systemsAnalogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
A nozzle plate defines at least one nozzle connected to the nozzle plate at a base, wherein the at least one nozzle has a height and a top having an inner width and an outer width, wherein a ratio of the height to the inner width is greater than 5, and wherein the nozzle plate comprises a borosilicate glass. The nozzle plate is formed via a method including providing a silicon wafer having a surface; providing a borosilicate glass wafer having a surface; etching the surface of the silicon wafer to form a plurality of trenches in the surface; anodically bonding the etched surface of the silicon wafer to the surface of the borosilicate glass wafer to form a two layer composite; heating the two layer composite at a temperature of at least about 750°C; and releasing the silicon wafer from the borosilicate glass to form the nozzle plate.
Coated substrates, methods of coating substrates, and coatings for substrates are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method for coating a substrate includes coating the substrate with a primer to form a primer layer, where the primer comprises a primer conductivity additive, a primer adhesion promotor additive, a primer binder, and primer volatiles. The primer layer is flash dried to reduce the primer volatiles to about 20 weight percent or less. The primer layer is coated with a total color coat layer prior to curing the primer layer, and then the total color coat layer and the primer layer are cured to form a cured substrate coating. The cured substrate coating has a substrate coating percent transmissivity of specified amounts or less at four different wavelength ranges, and the cured primer layer has a primer layer transmissivity less than that of the substrate coating percent transmissivity.
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
B05D 3/08 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by flames
Waterborne top coat compositions, processes for preparing such compositions, and methods for forming top coats on substrates are provided. In an embodiment, a waterborne top coat composition includes water, pigment(s) and resin solids. The resin solids comprise about 60 to 100 wt. % of binder solids and 0 to about 40 wt. % of crosslinker solids, the binder solids comprising about 1 to about 40 wt. % of a urethanized polyester/(meth)acryl copolymer hybrid binder having a hydroxyl number of about 30 to about 200 mg KOH/g and a carboxyl number of about 8 to about 50 mg KOH/g, and about 60 to about 99 wt. % of one or more additional binders, the sum of the respective wt. % in each case equaling 100 wt. %.
C09D 153/00 - Coating compositions based on block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bondsCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
Waterborne top coat compositions, processes for preparing such compositions, and methods for forming top coats on substrates are provided. In an embodiment, a waterborne top coat composition includes water, pigment(s) and resin solids. The resin solids comprise about 60 to 100 wt. % of binder solids and 0 to about 40 wt. % of crosslinker solids, the binder solids comprising about 1 to about 40 wt. % of an acrylic/(meth)acryl copolymer hybrid binder, and about 60 to about 99 wt. % of one or more additional binders, the sum of the respective wt. % in each case equaling 100 wt. %.
C09D 133/08 - Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
B05D 1/04 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
B05D 3/10 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by other chemical means
C09D 133/12 - Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
63.
Method of applying a coating composition to a substrate
A coating composition for application to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator. The coating composition includes a carrier, a binder, a corrosion inhibiting pigment. The coating composition has an Ohnesorge number (Oh) of from about 0.01 to about 12.6. The coating composition has a Reynolds number (Re) of from about 0.02 to about 6,200. The coating composition has a Deborah number (De) of from greater than 0 to about 1730.
B05D 1/00 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
B05B 1/02 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
B05C 11/10 - Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent materialRecovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
B05D 1/26 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
B05D 5/06 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 11/324 - Pigment inks containing carbon black
C09D 11/328 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
C09D 167/00 - Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
C09D 167/02 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
Coated grain oriented electrical steel plates and methods of producing the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method includes producing molten steel with from about 2.5 to about 4 weight percent silicon, from about 0.005 to about 0.1 weight percent carbon, and from about 90 to about 97.5 weight percent iron. The molten steel is cast into a slab and then cold rolled into a plate having a surface. The plate is decarbonized using a decarbonization anneal, and then recrystallized using a recrystallization anneal to produce grain oriented electrical steel. A coating is applied overlying the surface, where the coating includes an organic radiation curable crosslinking agent and a photo-initiator. The coating is cured by exposing it to a radiation source.
C21D 8/12 - Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
C21D 8/00 - Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
B05D 7/14 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
B05D 3/06 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
H01F 1/147 - Alloys characterised by their composition
65.
COATED GRAIN ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL PLATES, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING THE SAME
Coated grain oriented electrical steel plates and methods of producing the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method includes producing molten steel with from about 2.5 to about 4 weight percent silicon, from about 0.005 to about 0.1 weight percent carbon, and from about 90 to about 97.5 weight percent iron. The molten steel is cast into a slab and then cold rolled into a plate having a surface. The plate is decarbonized using a decarbonization anneal, and then recrystallized using a recrystallization anneal to produce grain oriented electrical steel. A coating is applied overlying the surface, where the coating includes an organic radiation curable crosslinking agent and a photo-initiator. The coating is cured by exposing it to a radiation source.
Base coats and methods of producing the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method of producing a base coat includes forming a CPO intermediate and a color intermediate. The CPO intermediate includes a CPO solvent and a chlorinated polyolefin, where the chlorinated polyolefin is present in the CPO intermediate at from about 5 to about 20 weight percent, based on a total weight of the CPO intermediate. The color intermediate includes a color imparting additive and a color solvent that is different than the CPO solvent. The CPO intermediate and the color intermediate are combined to form the base coat.
A coating composition includes a (A) binder component and a (B) pigment component. The (A) binder component includes (A1) polyvinyl butyrate, (A2) a particular film forming resin, (A3) an acid, (A4) an optional functionalized tri-alkoxy silane, and (A5) an optional polymeric phosphate ester. The (B) pigment component includes (B1) a calcium ion-exchanged silica, (B2) a corrosion inhibiting pigment, and (B3), a polyalkylene oxide phosphate. The coating composition is formed by combining the aforementioned components. In a method, the coating composition is applied to a substrate.
C09D 129/14 - Homopolymers or copolymers of acetals or ketals obtained by polymerisation of unsaturated acetals or ketals or by after-treatment of polymers of unsaturated alcohols
System and methods for matching color and appearance of a target coating are provided herein. The system includes an electronic imaging device configured to receive a target image data of the target coating. The target image data includes target coating features. The system further includes one or more feature extraction algorithms that extracts the target image features from the target image data. The system further includes a machine-learning model that identifies a calculated match sample image from a plurality of sample images utilizing the target image features. The machine-learning model includes pre-specified matching criteria representing the plurality of sample images for identifying the calculated match sample image from the plurality of sample images. The calculated match sample image is utilized for matching color and appearance of the target coating.
G06F 16/535 - Filtering based on additional data, e.g. user or group profiles
G06K 9/62 - Methods or arrangements for recognition using electronic means
G06F 16/583 - Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content
G06V 10/56 - Extraction of image or video features relating to colour
G06V 10/75 - Organisation of the matching processes, e.g. simultaneous or sequential comparisons of image or video featuresCoarse-fine approaches, e.g. multi-scale approachesImage or video pattern matchingProximity measures in feature spaces using context analysisSelection of dictionaries
69.
Dispersant polymer and composition comprising the same
B is at least one polyoxyalkylene with a terminal primary amine group wherein each polyoxyalkylene comprises an ethyleneoxy moiety and a propyleneoxy moiety and independently has the following structure:
D is an alkylating agent.
This polymer is included in a composition that further includes a compound such as a particulate solid.
Sealers, construction products, and methods of sealing construction products are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a sealer includes a first part and a second part, the first part includes an epoxy resin having an epoxy resin molecular weight of about 5,000 Daltons or greater, and also includes an epoxy functional diluent having a diluent molecular weight of about 2,000 Daltons or less. The second part includes a crosslinking agent that is a polyamine. The sealer further includes a particulate with a specific gravity of from about 1 to about 5 grams per cubic centimeter.
Primer compositions and methods of using the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a primer composition includes an epoxy resin with a plurality of epoxy moieties. The primer composition also includes a (meth)acrylic resin with a plurality of (meth)acrylic moieties covalently bonded to an organic moiety. A crosslinking component is also present in the primer composition, where the crosslinking component is an amine.
B05D 7/14 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
72.
Matching color and appearance of target coatings based on image entropy
Processor implemented systems and methods for matching color and appearance of a target coating are provided herein. A system includes a storage device for storing instructions, and one or more data processors. The data processor(s) are configured to execute instructions to receive a target image of a target coating. The data processor(s) are also configured to apply a feature extraction analysis process that divides the target image into a plurality of target pixels for image analysis.
G06F 16/535 - Filtering based on additional data, e.g. user or group profiles
G06F 16/583 - Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content
G06F 18/213 - Feature extraction, e.g. by transforming the feature spaceSummarisationMappings, e.g. subspace methods
G06V 10/56 - Extraction of image or video features relating to colour
G06V 10/75 - Organisation of the matching processes, e.g. simultaneous or sequential comparisons of image or video featuresCoarse-fine approaches, e.g. multi-scale approachesImage or video pattern matchingProximity measures in feature spaces using context analysisSelection of dictionaries
73.
LOW DENSITY ELECTROCOAT COMPOSITION WITH IMPROVED THROWING POWER
Aqueous electrocoat compositions having improved throwing power and methods for coating electrically conductive substrates are provided. An exemplary composition includes water, a crosslinkable resin including a binder and a crosslinking agent, and a pigment paste. The exemplary electrocoat composition has a pigment/binder (PB) ratio of less than about 0.15:1.
C09D 5/44 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects producedFilling pastes for electrophoretic applications
C25D 13/06 - Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process with organic material polymers
A system and method include receiving target image data associated with a target coating. A texture feature extraction analysis process is applied to the target image data to determine a target texture image feature. A machine learning model identifies one or more texture features for matching to a target coating.
B05B 12/08 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material discharged, of ambient medium or of target
A system and method include receiving target image data associated with a target coating. A feature extraction analysis process is applied to the target image data to determine a target image feature. The feature extraction analysis process includes dividing the target image into sub-images which contains a plurality of target pixels. A machine learning model identifies one or more types of flakes present in the target coating using target pixel features.
A system and method include receiving target image data associated with a target coating. A color model and a local color model are used to predict color differences between the target coating and a sample coating. The color model and local color model includes a feature extraction analysis process that determines image features by analyzing target pixel feature differences within the target coating. Performing an optimization routine upon the color differences for determining automotive paint components for spraying a substrate.
A system for applying a coating composition is provided herein. The system includes a first high transfer efficiency applicator defining a first nozzle orifice and a second high transfer efficiency applicator defining a second nozzle orifice. The system further includes a reservoir. The system further includes a substrate defining a first target area and a second target area. The first high transfer efficiency applicator and the second high transfer efficiency applicator are configured to receive the coating composition from the reservoir and configured to expel the coating composition through the first nozzle orifice to the first target area of the substrate and to expel the coating composition through the second nozzle orifice to the second target area of the substrate.
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
C09D 167/00 - Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
B05C 11/10 - Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent materialRecovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
C09D 11/324 - Pigment inks containing carbon black
C09D 11/328 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
B05B 1/02 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 167/02 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
B05D 5/06 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
C08G 18/75 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
B41M 7/00 - After-treatment of printed works, e.g. heating, irradiating
B05D 1/26 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
A system for applying a first coating composition and a second coating composition is provided herein. The system includes an atomizing applicator and a high transfer efficiency applicator defining a nozzle orifice. The system further includes a substrate assembly comprising a metal-containing substrate and a plastic-containing substrate. The metal-containing substrate is coupled to the plastic-containing substrate. The atomizing applicator is configured to apply the first coating composition to the metal-containing substrate. The high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to expel the second coating composition through the second nozzle orifice to the plastic-containing substrate.
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
B05B 1/02 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
B05C 11/10 - Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent materialRecovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
B05D 1/26 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
B05D 5/06 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 11/324 - Pigment inks containing carbon black
C09D 11/328 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
C09D 167/00 - Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
C09D 167/02 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
A system for applying a coating composition to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator is provided herein. The system includes a high transfer efficiency applicator defining a nozzle orifice. The coating composition comprises a carrier and a binder. The coating composition has a viscosity of from about 0.002 Pa*s to about 0.2 Pa*s, a density of from about 838 kg/m3 to about 1557 kg/m3, a surface tension of from about 0.015 N/m to about 0.05 N/m, and a relaxation time of from about 0.0005 s to about 0.02 s. The high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to expel the coating composition through the nozzle orifice to the substrate to form a coating layer. At least 80% of the droplets of the coating composition expelled from the high transfer efficiency applicator contact the substrate.
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
C09D 167/00 - Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
B05C 11/10 - Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent materialRecovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
C09D 11/324 - Pigment inks containing carbon black
C09D 11/328 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
B05B 1/02 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 167/02 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
B05D 5/06 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
C08G 18/75 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
B41M 7/00 - After-treatment of printed works, e.g. heating, irradiating
B05D 1/26 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
A coating composition for application to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator is provided herein. The coating composition includes monomeric, oligomeric, or polymeric compounds having a number average molecular weight of from about 400 to about 20,000 and having a free-radically polymerizable double bond. The coating composition further includes a photo initiator. The coating composition has an Ohnesorge number (Oh) of from about 0.01 to about 12.6. The coating composition has a Reynolds number (Re) of from about 0.02 to about 6,200. The coating composition has a Deborah number (De) of from greater than 0 to about 1730.
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
B05B 1/02 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
B05C 11/10 - Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent materialRecovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
B05D 1/26 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
B05D 5/06 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 11/324 - Pigment inks containing carbon black
C09D 11/328 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
C09D 167/00 - Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
C09D 167/02 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
A system for applying a first and a second coating composition is provided herein. The system includes a first high transfer efficiency applicator defining a first nozzle orifice and a second high transfer efficiency applicator defining a second nozzle orifice. The system further includes a first reservoir a second reservoir. The system further includes a substrate defining a first target area and a second target area. The first high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to receive the first coating composition from the first reservoir and configured to expel the first coating composition through the first nozzle orifice to the first target area of the substrate. The second high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to receive the second coating composition from the second reservoir and configured to expel the second coating composition through the second nozzle orifice to the second target area of the substrate.
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
C09D 167/00 - Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
B05C 11/10 - Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent materialRecovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
C09D 11/324 - Pigment inks containing carbon black
C09D 11/328 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
B05B 1/02 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 167/02 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
B05D 5/06 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
C08G 18/75 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
B41M 7/00 - After-treatment of printed works, e.g. heating, irradiating
B05D 1/26 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
A coating composition for application to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator. The coating composition includes a carrier and a binder comprising an elastomeric resin in an amount of at least 50 weight %, wherein the elastomeric resin has an Elongation to Break of at least 500% according to DIN 53 504. The coating composition has an Ohnesorge number (Oh) of from about 0.01 to about 12.6. The coating composition has a Reynolds number (Re) of from about 0.02 to about 6,200. The coating composition has a Deborah number (De) of from greater than 0 to about 1730.
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
C09D 167/00 - Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
B05C 11/10 - Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent materialRecovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
C09D 11/324 - Pigment inks containing carbon black
C09D 11/328 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
B05B 1/02 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 167/02 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
B05D 5/06 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
C08G 18/75 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
B41M 7/00 - After-treatment of printed works, e.g. heating, irradiating
B05D 1/26 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
A system for applying a first coating composition and a second coating composition. The system includes a first high transfer efficiency applicator defining a first nozzle orifice and a second high transfer efficiency applicator defining a second nozzle orifice. The system further includes a substrate defining a target area. The first high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to expel the first coating composition through the first nozzle orifice to the target area of the substrate to form a first coating layer. The second high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to expel the second coating composition through the second nozzle orifice to the first coating layer to form a second coating layer.
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
C09D 167/00 - Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
B05C 11/10 - Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent materialRecovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
C09D 11/324 - Pigment inks containing carbon black
C09D 11/328 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
B05B 1/02 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 167/02 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
B05D 5/06 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
C08G 18/75 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
B05D 1/26 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
A coating composition includes a (A) binder component and a (B) pigment component. The (A) binder component includes (A1) polyvinyl butyrate, (A2) a particular film forming resin, (A3) an acid, (A4) an optional functionalized tri-alkoxy silane, and (A5) an optional polymeric phosphate ester. The (B) pigment component includes (B1) a calcium ion-exchanged silica, (B2) a corrosion inhibiting pigment, and (B3), a polyalkylene oxide phosphate. The coating composition is formed by combining the aforementioned components. In a method, the coating composition is applied to a substrate.
C09D 5/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects producedFilling pastes
C08L 31/04 - Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl acetate
C08G 59/06 - Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof of polyhydric phenols
C08G 59/14 - Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment
Aqueous cathodic electrocoat compositions with improved edge protection and methods for preparing such electrocoat compositions are described herein. In an exemplary embodiment, an electrocoat composition includes water; a crosslinkable resin comprising a binder of an epoxy-amine adduct and a crosslinking agent; a neutralizing agent for neutralizing the epoxy amine adduct, wherein the neutralizing agent has a pKa value of greater than 0; and a pigment paste. The pigment paste may comprise silica, barium sulfate or silica and barium sulfate.
C09D 5/44 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects producedFilling pastes for electrophoretic applications
C25D 9/02 - Electrolytic coating other than with metals with organic materials
86.
Systems and methods for approximating a 5-angle color difference model
Apparatuses and methods for approximating a 5-angle color difference model are provided, where the 5-angle color difference model utilizes a 5-angle equation. In an exemplary embodiment, an apparatus includes a storage device for storing instructions and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions. The processor(s) are configured to receive 3-angle standard and test color measurements, and enter the 3-angle standard measurement into a neural network empirical model. The neural network empirical model includes a plurality of input nodes, a plurality of hidden nodes connected to the input nodes, and a plurality of output nodes connected to the hidden nodes. The neural network empirical model is configured to output 3-angle tolerance values, and to calculate a 3-angle color difference value using the 5-angle equation for at least one of the 3 color measurement angles using the 3-angle standard and test color measurements and the 3-angle tolerance values.
Water-borne sealer compositions, multilayer coated substrates, and methods for building up a multilayer coating on a substrate are provided. In one example, a water-borne sealer composition includes an acrylic latex resin, a polyurethane dispersion (PUD), and water. The acrylic latex resin is free of a core-shell latex. The PUD includes a hydroxyl functional reaction product of polyisocyanate and a polyol including a polycarbonate diol.
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
B05D 7/16 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies using synthetic lacquers or varnishes
C09D 133/08 - Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
Solvent-borne coating compositions and methods for forming coated substrates are provided. In one example, a solvent-borne coating composition includes a solvent(s), a colorant(s), a binder including one or more resins, a sag control agent, and a wax dispersion. The sag control agent includes urea crystals that are present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt. % to about 6 wt. % based on the weight of the binder. The wax dispersion includes ethylene vinyl acetate-based wax particles present in an amount of from about 3 wt. % to about 8 wt. % based on the weight of the binder. The solvent-borne coating composition has a non-volatile content of from about 11 to about 30 vol. % based on the volume of the solvent-borne coating composition.
C09D 133/08 - Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
B05D 3/12 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
Solvent-borne coating compositions and methods for forming coated substrates are provided. In one example, a solvent-borne coating composition includes a solvent(s), a colorant(s), a binder including one or more resins, a sag control agent, and a wax dispersion. The sag control agent includes urea crystals that are present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt.% to about 6 wt.% based on the weight of the binder. The wax dispersion includes ethylene vinyl acetate-based wax particles present in an amount of from about 3 wt.% to about 8 wt.% based on the weight of the binder. The solvent-borne coating composition has a non-volatile content of from about 11 to about 30 vol. % based on the volume of the solvent-borne coating composition.
C09D 5/36 - Pearl essence, e.g. coatings containing platelet-like pigments for pearl lustre
C09D 133/08 - Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
C09D 167/00 - Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
A system for applying a first, a second, and a third coating composition. The system includes a first high transfer efficiency applicator defining a first nozzle orifice. The system further includes a second high transfer efficiency applicator defining a second nozzle orifice. The system further includes a third high transfer efficiency applicator defining a third nozzle orifice. The system further includes a substrate defining a target area. The first, the second, and the third high transfer efficiency applicators are configured to expel the first coating composition through the first nozzle orifice to the target area of the substrate, through the second nozzle orifice to the target area of the substrate, and through the third nozzle orifice to the target area of the substrate.
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
C09D 167/00 - Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
B05C 11/10 - Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent materialRecovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
C09D 11/324 - Pigment inks containing carbon black
C09D 11/328 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
B05B 1/02 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 167/02 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
B05D 5/06 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
C08G 18/75 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
B41M 7/00 - After-treatment of printed works, e.g. heating, irradiating
B05D 1/26 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
This description relates to low VOC water borne coating compositions with improved application properties based on a binder mixture comprising an urethanized polyester and an acrylic two-step polymer. This description further relates to the use of the low VOC water borne coating compositions for forming a coating, preferably for forming a clear coat, and more preferably for forming a clear coat in refinishing applications. Moreover, this description also relates to a method of forming a multilayer coating comprising a step of forming a coating layer by using the low VOC water borne coating composition.
C09D 133/08 - Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
C08F 220/18 - Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
C08G 18/28 - Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
C08G 18/73 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates acyclic
C08G 18/75 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
93.
COLOR MATCHING SAMPLE DATABASES AND SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE SAME
Systems and methods for a sample database are provided, where the sample database is for matching a target coating. In one embodiment, the system comprises a sample database stored on a storage device. The sample database includes a sample coating formula and a sample image feature with at least one sample coating formula linked to at least one sample image feature. At least one sample image feature includes a spatial micro-color analysis that includes a value determined by a sample pixel feature difference between at least two sample pixels.
An epoxy resin emulsion includes a continuous phase including an aqueous carrier and an acid. The emulsion also includes a dispersed phase including an epoxy resin. The epoxy resin is the reaction product of an amine compound and a first epoxy reactant. The first epoxy reactant itself includes the reaction product of (1) an aromatic diol monomer, (2) a di-glycidyl ether of Bisphenol A and/or a di-glycidyl ether of catechol, and (3) a C8-C18 alkyl phenolic end-capping agent. The (1) aromatic diol monomer has the structure:
4 may be a fused ring.
C09D 5/44 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects producedFilling pastes for electrophoretic applications
C08G 59/06 - Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof of polyhydric phenols
A method of forming a coating composition for application to a substrate utilizing a high efficiency transfer applicator. The method includes identifying at least one of an Ohnesorge number (Oh) for the coating composition, a Reynolds number (Re) for the coating composition, or a Deborah number (De) for the coating composition. The method includes obtaining at least one of a viscosity (η) of the coating composition, a surface tension (σ) of the coating composition, a density (ρ) of the coating composition, a relaxation time (λ) of the coating composition, a nozzle diameter (D) of the high efficiency transfer applicator, or an impact velocity (v) of the high efficiency transfer applicator. The method includes forming the coating composition having at least one of the viscosity (η), the surface tension (σ), or the density (ρ). The coating composition is configured to be applied to the substrate utilizing the high efficiency transfer applicator having at least one of the nozzle diameter (D) or the impact velocity (v).
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
C09D 167/00 - Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
B05C 11/10 - Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent materialRecovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
C09D 11/324 - Pigment inks containing carbon black
C09D 11/328 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
B05B 1/02 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 167/02 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
B05D 5/06 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
C08G 18/75 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
B41M 7/00 - After-treatment of printed works, e.g. heating, irradiating
B05D 1/26 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
A system for applying a coating composition to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator is provided herein. The system includes a storage device for storing instructions for performing a matching protocol, and one or more data processors configured to execute the instructions to, receive, by one or more data processors, target image data of a target coating, the target image data generated by an electronic imaging device, and apply the target image data to a matching protocol to generate application instructions. The system further includes a high transfer efficiency applicator defining a nozzle orifice. The high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to expel the coating composition through the nozzle orifice to the substrate to form a coating layer. The high transfer efficiency applicator is configured expel the coating composition based on the application instructions.
B05B 12/14 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials to a single spray outlet
B05C 11/10 - Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent materialRecovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
B05D 1/02 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
C09D 167/00 - Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chainCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
C09D 11/324 - Pigment inks containing carbon black
C09D 11/328 - Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents characterised by dyes
B05B 1/02 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops
C09D 11/102 - Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
C09D 167/02 - Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
B05D 5/06 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
C08G 18/75 - Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
B41M 7/00 - After-treatment of printed works, e.g. heating, irradiating
B05D 1/26 - Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
A method is described for applying a coating composition to a surface of a substrate in a pattern utilizing a non-contact deposition applicator to increase edge acuity and resolution of the coating composition in the pattern. The method includes the steps of providing the substrate having the surface that comprises a non-porous polymer, applying a surface treatment to the surface in a pattern to form a patterned surface that has increased surface energy as compared to the non-surface treated surface, providing the coating composition including a carrier and a binder, providing the non-contact deposition applicator including a nozzle, and applying the coating composition to the patterned surface through the nozzle to selectively wet the patterned surface and form a coating layer disposed in the pattern and having increased edge acuity and resolution, wherein the coating layer has a wet thickness of at least 15 micrometers as applied.
A system for measuring the reflectivity of a painted object includes an electromagnetic wave source that emits an electromagnetic wave, a panel that holds the painted object, with the panel being movable to adjust an incident angle of the electromagnetic wave onto the panel, a reflector to receive and direct electromagnetic waves that are reflected by the painted object towards the reflector, a detector to detect an intensity of electromagnetic waves, and a control unit. The control unit is communicatively connected to the panel and to the detector. The control unit determines the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave, receives the intensity of the electromagnetic wave detected by the detector, and determines the reflectivity of the painted object as a function of the intensity of the electromagnetic wave detected by the detector over a predetermined range of incident angle values.
A tap and solvent container assembly includes a container having an upper wall, a bottom wall and a side wall connecting the upper wall and said bottom wall. A bung hole is formed in the side wall and a threaded bung assembly is mounted within the bung hole. The threaded bung assembly has a threaded member and a tap assembly is threadedly mounted to the threaded member. The container has an inner reservoir for containing liquids such as solvents, paint, thinners, reducers, etc. The top assembly is used to dispense the liquids from the container.
B01F 13/00 - Other mixers; Mixing plant, including combinations of dissimilar mixers
B65D 6/40 - Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of metal, plastics, wood or substitutes therefor with walls formed with filling or emptying apertures
B65D 25/32 - Bail handles, i.e. pivoted handles of generally semi-circular shape
B65D 47/30 - Closures with discharging devices other than pumps comprising hand-operated members for controlling discharge with plug valves
A system for displaying one or more images to select one or more matching formulas to match color and appearance of a target coating of an article includes a computing device, a display device, a host computer connected to the computing device, one or more data input devices, a first database containing repair formulas, color characteristics, and appearance characteristics, a second database containing identification information of an article or a three-dimensional model of an article or a three-dimensional mapping of a geometry of a part of an article, and a computer program product accessible to the computing device and/or the host computer and performing a computing process to retrieve at least one preliminary matching formula from the first database, select one article or a three-dimensional mapping of a geometry of one article from the second database, generate individual matching images, and display the individual matching images on the display device.
