Compositions and processes for manufacturing porous electrodes with inter-connected pores and saltwater-wettable surfaces. Porous electrodes are produced by 1) coating onto a current collector a composition that includes i) 0.2 to 5.0 wt% of a block copolymer having a block with repeating ethylene oxide units, in which the block copolymer has a number average molecular weight of at least 2,000; ii) 1.0 to 10.0 wt% of a fluoropolymer, in which a mass ratio of the block copolymer to the fluoropolymer is not above 0.5; iii) 30.0 to 80.0 wt% of an organic solvent that dissolves both the block copolymer and the fluoropolymer; iv) 2.0 to 10.0 wt% of an electrically conductive additive; and v)10.0 to 50.0 wt% of either a lithium-intercalated material or a lithium-deintercalated material, and 2) inducing a nonsolvent phase inversion process to the fluoropolymer.
C08G 65/34 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
C25C 1/02 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of light metals
A reverse osmosis-based method and system for concentrating a saltwater. The system includes at least first and second reverse osmosis units fluidly connected in series. The membrane of the first reverse osmosis unit has at least a 95% rejection rate for sodium chloride, and the membrane of the second reverse osmosis unit has a 30% to 75% rejection rate for sodium chloride. Permeate from the second reverse osmosis unit is recycled to the first reverse osmosis unit for increased water recovery. Temperatures for the saltwater and/or the recycled permeate are controlled using heat exchangers to help ensure the reverse osmosis units' nominal performance.
A method for filtering suspended solids from a feed fluid involves filtering the feed fluid by pumping the feed fluid through a first retentate channel of a first cross-flow membrane unit and through a second retentate channel of a second cross-flow membrane unit that is connected in parallel with the first membrane unit. The retentate exiting the units after filtering is pumped through a suspended solids concentrating path. While the filtering is being performed by both membrane units, at least one of the membrane units may be cleaned by performing a forward flush on it in which a portion of the retentate from at least one of the first and the second retentate channels is drawn into a forward flushing path. The forward flushing path is fluidly connected to the retentate channel of the membrane unit that is being forward flushed.
B01D 69/02 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or propertiesManufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
4.
System and Method for Cleaning of a Forced-Circulation Evaporative Crystallizer
A system and method for cleaning of a forced-circulation evaporative crystallizer. The crystallizer is used to produce salt solids and includes a circulation pump, a heat exchanger, a separator, and a vapor processor. Solids deposits accumulate during salt solids production within at least one of the circulation pump, heat exchanger, and separator. A solids deposits metric representative of an amount of the accumulated solids deposits is measured. The solids deposits metric is determined to deviate from a baseline by at least a cleaning threshold. Certain determinations are made based on the solids deposits metric: determining a cleaning mode and at least one of a type of cleaning solution and a duration for which at least one of the circulation pump, heat exchanger, and separator is to be cleaned. At least one of the circulation pump, heat exchanger, and separator is then cleaned in accordance with those determinations.
A method and system for recovering lithium from a saltwater. Lithium in the saltwater is extracted by applying a first direct lithium extraction process to produce a first lithium recovery solution having a mass ratio of lithium content to total dissolved solids content of at least 0.01, which is then concentrated by applying reverse osmosis to produce a reverse osmosis concentrate. Lithium in the concentrated first lithium recovery solution is then extracted by applying a second direct lithium extraction process to produce a second lithium recovery solution having a mass ratio of lithium content to total dissolved solids content of at least 0.04. Battery grade lithium carbonate can be produced from the second lithium recovery solution.
C22B 3/24 - Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means by adsorption on solid substances, e.g. by extraction with solid resins
C22B 3/42 - Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
C25C 1/02 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of light metals
6.
SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR EXTRACTING LITHIUM FROM A SALTWATER
Methods, systems, and techniques for extracting lithium from a saltwater using an electrochemical apparatus that performs the lithium extraction. The electrochemical apparatus includes a four- chamber electrochemical cell with adjacent two saltwater chambers or two adjacent lithium recovery solution chambers. Each chamber is bounded by an anion exchange membrane and either a lithium-deintercalated electrode or a lithium-intercalated electrode. The lithium deintercalated electrode and the lithium intercalated electrode may include a saltwater-impermeable and electrically conductive substrate, and respectively a porous lithium-deintercalated media and a porous lithium-intercalated media in contact with one or more surfaces of the saltwater- impermeable and conductive substrate. The lithium-deintercalated electrode absorbs lithium from the saltwater and the lithium-intercalated electrode releases lithium into the lithium recovery solution when an electrical potential is applied to the lithium-deintercalated electrode and the lithium-intercalated electrode.
Zero liquid discharge systems, processes, and techniques for treating a saltwater without evaporative crystallization. The saltwater is treated by a fluidic circuit comprising a high-pressure reverse osmosis (“HPRO”) unit configured to operate at a hydraulic pressure of at least 1,500 psi, a cooling crystallizer, and a solids-liquid separator. The saltwater is first concentrated by the HPRO unit to produce an HPRO brine, which is subsequently cooled to a designated crystallization temperature by the cooling crystallizer. The cooling crystallizer crystallizes salt crystals from the cooled HPRO brine and produces a salt-diminished brine. The solids-liquid separator separates the salt-diminished brine from the salt crystals. The salt-diminished brine from the solids-liquid separator is returned to the HPRO unit for further treatment, which allows additional salts to be crystallized from the returned salt-diminished brine.
A system and method for cleaning of a forced-circulation evaporative crystallizer. The crystallizer is used to produce salt solids and includes a circulation pump, a heat exchanger, a separator, and a vapor processor. Solids deposits accumulate during salt solids production within at least one of the circulation pump, heat exchanger, and separator. A solids deposits metric representative of an amount of the accumulated solids deposits is measured. The solids deposits metric is determined to deviate from a baseline by at least a cleaning threshold. Certain determinations are made based on the solids deposits metric: determining a cleaning mode and at least one of a type of cleaning solution and a duration for which at least one of the circulation pump, heat exchanger, and separator is to be cleaned. At least one of the circulation pump, heat exchanger, and separator is then cleaned in accordance with those determinations.
A system and method for cleaning of a forced-circulation evaporative crystallizer. The crystallizer is used to produce salt solids and includes a circulation pump, a heat exchanger, a separator, and a vapor processor. Solids deposits accumulate during salt solids production within at least one of the circulation pump, heat exchanger, and separator. A solids deposits metric representative of an amount of the accumulated solids deposits is measured. The solids deposits metric is determined to deviate from a baseline by at least a cleaning threshold. Certain determinations are made based on the solids deposits metric: determining a cleaning mode and at least one of a type of cleaning solution and a duration for which at least one of the circulation pump, heat exchanger, and separator is to be cleaned. At least one of the circulation pump, heat exchanger, and separator is then cleaned in accordance with those determinations.
A method and system for treating and purifying saltwater contaminated by volatile compounds. The saltwater is evaporated resulting in a gas composed of water vapor and gaseous volatile compounds. The gas is condensed into a condensate containing the contaminated volatile compounds which is biologically treated to remove the volatile compounds thereby producing purified water. The latent heat released by condensing is used to evaporate the purified water into the atmosphere in an energy efficient manner.
Methods, systems, and techniques for desalinating monovalent anion species from wastewater. A system includes an electrodialysis stack that performs the desalination. The stack has a cathode, an anode, and at least one electrodialysis cell. The at least one electrodialysis cell includes a product chamber, a metal cation concentrating chamber adjacent to a cathodic side of the product chamber, and a transfer solution chamber adjacent to an anodic side of the product chamber. The product chamber and the metal cation concentrating chamber are each bounded by and share a cation exchange membrane, the product chamber and the transfer solution chamber are each bounded by and share a monovalent anion exchange membrane, and the transfer solution chamber is bounded on an anodic side by one of an anion exchange membrane and a monovalent anion exchange membrane. The wastewater may be generated by a flue gas desulfurization process.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
C02F 1/52 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
Zero liquid discharge systems, processes, and techniques for treating a saltwater without evaporative crystallization. The saltwater is treated by a fluidic circuit comprising a high-pressure reverse osmosis ("HPRO") unit configured to operate at a hydraulic pressure of at least 1,500 psi, a cooling crystallizer, and a solids-liquid separator. The saltwater is first concentrated by the HPRO unit to produce an HPRO brine, which is subsequently cooled to a designated crystallization temperature by the cooling crystallizer. The cooling crystallizer crystallizes salt crystals from the cooled HPRO brine and produces a salt-diminished brine. The solids-liquid separator separates the salt-diminished brine from the salt crystals. The salt-diminished brine from the solids-liquid separator is returned to the HPRO unit for further treatment, which allows additional salts to be crystallized from the returned salt-diminished brine.
Zero liquid discharge systems, processes, and techniques for treating a saltwater without evaporative crystallization. The saltwater is treated by a fluidic circuit comprising a high-pressure reverse osmosis ("HPRO") unit configured to operate at a hydraulic pressure of at least 1,500 psi, a cooling crystallizer, and a solids-liquid separator. The saltwater is first concentrated by the HPRO unit to produce an HPRO brine, which is subsequently cooled to a designated crystallization temperature by the cooling crystallizer. The cooling crystallizer crystallizes salt crystals from the cooled HPRO brine and produces a salt-diminished brine. The solids-liquid separator separates the salt-diminished brine from the salt crystals. The salt-diminished brine from the solids-liquid separator is returned to the HPRO unit for further treatment, which allows additional salts to be crystallized from the returned salt-diminished brine.
Systems, processes, and techniques for treating a saltwater contaminated with volatile compounds. The saltwater is evaporated, resulting in a gas composed of water vapor and gaseous volatile compounds. This gas is then condensed into a condensate contaminated with the volatile compounds. The contaminated condensate is biologically treated to remove those volatile compounds, producing a purified water. Latent heat released by the condensing is used to evaporate the purified water into the atmosphere in an energy efficient manner. The contaminated saltwater is accordingly evaporatively disposed of without creating an issue regarding how to manage substantial liquid water byproduct, and without emitting substantial amounts of the volatile compounds into the atmosphere.
Systems, processes, and techniques for treating a saltwater contaminated with volatile compounds. The saltwater is evaporated, resulting in a gas composed of water vapor and gaseous volatile compounds. This gas is then condensed into a condensate contaminated with the volatile compounds. The contaminated condensate is biologically treated to remove those volatile compounds, producing a purified water. Latent heat released by the condensing is used to evaporate the purified water into the atmosphere in an energy efficient manner. The contaminated saltwater is accordingly evaporatively disposed of without creating an issue regarding how to manage substantial liquid water byproduct, and without emitting substantial amounts of the volatile compounds into the atmosphere.
Methods, systems, and techniques for desalinating a saltwater using a humidifier unit. The humidifier unit has a housing, which has a carrier gas inlet and a saltwater inlet. The humidifier unit also includes a packing, within the housing, having a surface with a critical surface tension of less than 25 mN/m according to the Zisman method. The packing is arranged to facilitate a saltwater that enters the housing through the saltwater inlet and a carrier gas that enters the housing through the carrier gas inlet to contact each other. The contact facilitates evaporation of the saltwater, which produces salt solids on at least a surface of the packing, a humidified gas and a concentrated brine.
Methods, systems, and techniques for desalinating a saltwater using a humidifier unit. The humidifier unit has a housing, which has a carrier gas inlet and a saltwater inlet. The humidifier unit also includes a packing, within the housing, having a surface with a critical surface tension of less than 25 mN/m according to the Zisman method. The packing is arranged to facilitate a saltwater that enters the housing through the saltwater inlet and a carrier gas that enters the housing through the carrier gas inlet to contact each other. The contact facilitates evaporation of the saltwater, which produces salt solids on at least a surface of the packing, a humidified gas and a concentrated brine.
Methods, systems, and techniques for desalinating monovalent anion species from wastewater. A system includes an electrodialysis stack that performs the desalination. The stack has a cathode, an anode, and at least one electrodialysis cell. The at least one electrodialysis cell includes a product chamber, a metal cation concentrating chamber adjacent to a cathodic side of the product chamber, and a transfer solution chamber adjacent to an anodic side of the product chamber. The product chamber and the metal cation concentrating chamber are each bounded by and share a cation exchange membrane, the product chamber and the transfer solution chamber are each bounded by and share a monovalent anion exchange membrane, and the transfer solution chamber is bounded on an anodic side by one of an anion exchange membrane and a monovalent anion exchange membrane. The wastewater may be generated by a flue gas desulfurization process.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Water desalination, wastewater, and water treatment services; water treatment services in the nature of brine treatment services; extraction of dissolved chemical compounds from water for use in industrial processes, namely, chemical recovery and chemical precipitation services; filtration, purification and softening of water; chemical dosing of water; water treatment and purification services provided to others in the nature of services to separate and remove contaminants and chemicals from water; wastewater and brine treatment services provided to others in the nature of services to extract freshwater from wastewater and brine, reduce wastewater and brine volume, and produce solids from wastewater and brine; consulting services in the field of water and wastewater treatment, water filtration and purification, water softening, desalination, brine treatment and volume reduction, chemical dosing of water, chemical precipitation, and chemical recovery from water and wastewater; development of water and wastewater treatment systems, water filtration and purification systems, water softening systems, desalination systems, brine treatment and volume reduction systems, systems for chemical dosing of water, systems for chemical precipitation, and systems for chemical recovery from water and wastewater Computer software for the operation of water and wastewater analysis and treatment equipment, namely, software that performs chemical dosing, chemical recovery, chemical precipitation, filtration, purification, and softening, and that interfaces with upstream and downstream water treatment systems to precisely measure water chemistry and provide controlled dosing of treatment chemicals to that water; automated water treatment apparatus and installations, namely, computer software that performs chemical dosing, chemical recovery, chemical precipitation, filtration, purification, and softening, and that interfaces with upstream and downstream water treatment systems to precisely measure water chemistry and provide controlled dosing of treatment chemicals to that water Desalination equipment; water treatment equipment, namely, reverse osmosis units and water filtration units; wastewater treatment equipment; water treatment equipment, namely, equipment for chemical dosing, chemical recovery, chemical precipitation, filtration, purification, and softening; automated water treatment apparatus and installations consisting of units incorporating as an integral component hardware and software that performs chemical dosing, chemical recovery, chemical precipitation, filtration, purification, and softening, and that interfaces with upstream and downstream water treatment systems to precisely measure water chemistry and provide controlled dosing of treatment chemicals to that water Engineering and testing services in the nature of equipment and product consulting, research, design, and development services in the field of water and wastewater treatment, water filtration and purification, water softening, desalination, brine treatment and volume reduction, chemical dosing of water, chemical precipitation, and chemical recovery from water and wastewater; technical services for monitoring water condition and quality; provision of technical advice relating to the design and operation of plants and equipment for water and wastewater treatment, water filtration and purification, water softening, desalination, brine treatment and volume reduction, and chemical recovery from water and wastewater
20.
Process and system for removing ammonium from wastewater
Methods, systems, and techniques for removing ammonium from ammonia-containing water involve using a stack that has alternating product chambers and concentrate chambers for receiving ammonia-containing water and an acidic solution, respectively, with the chambers being bounded by alternating cation exchange membranes and proton permselective cation exchange membranes. Ammonium moves from the product chambers to the concentrate chambers across the CEMs and protons move from the concentrate chambers to the product chambers across the pCEMs when the stack is in use. An electrolyzer may also be used to convert the ammonium in the concentrate chambers into nitrogen.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Computer software for water, wastewater, effluent and brine analysis, namely, software for high-pressure reverse osmosis water chemistry evaluation and treatment by using advanced physical chemistry calculations to predict when membrane scaling and fouling will occur, to determine if chemical treatment is required to prevent membrane scaling and fouling, to regulate and control the operation of desalination and water treatment equipment to prevent membrane scaling and fouling therein, to optimize the cleaning of membranes, and to optimize and reduce energy consumption of desalination and water and wastewater treatment equipment Desalination equipment; water treatment equipment, namely, reverse osmosis units and water filtration units; wastewater treatment equipment; water filtration equipment, namely, high-pressure reverse osmosis units for water filtration, water purification, and water softening; brine treatment equipment, namely, high-pressure reverse osmosis units for brine concentration and volume reduction of brine and wastewater; effluent treatment equipment for separating contaminants from water, namely, high-pressure reverse osmosis units; replacement parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods Water desalination, wastewater, and water treatment services; brine treatment services; effluent treatment services; extraction of dissolved chemical compounds from water for use in industrial processes, namely, chemical, metal and salt recovery services; filtration, purification and softening of water and wastewater; water treatment and purification services provided to others in the nature of services to separate and remove contaminants from water and wastewater; wastewater and brine treatment services provided to others in the nature of services to extract freshwater from wastewater and brine, reduce wastewater and brine volume, and produce solids from wastewater and brine; wastewater treatment services provided to others, namely, extracting freshwater from wastewater and brine, and reducing volume of wastewater and brine; production of desalinated water; consulting and development services in the field of water and wastewater treatment systems, water filtration and purification systems, water softening systems, desalination systems, systems for brine treatment and volume reduction, and systems for chemical recovery from water and wastewater; consulting and development of high-pressure reverse osmosis systems; provision of technical advice relating to the operation of plants for water and wastewater treatment, water filtration and purification, water softening, desalination, brine treatment and volume reduction, and chemical recovery from water and wastewater Engineering and testing services in the nature of equipment and product consulting, research, design, and development services in in the field of water and wastewater treatment, water filtration and purification, water softening, desalination, brine treatment and volume reduction, and chemical recovery from water and wastewater; engineering services in the nature of equipment and product consulting, research, design, and development services in the field of high-pressure reverse osmosis; technical services for monitoring water condition and quality; provision of technical advice relating to the design of plants and equipment for water and wastewater treatment, water filtration and purification, water softening, desalination, brine treatment and volume reduction, and chemical recovery from water and wastewater
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Desalination equipment; water treatment equipment, namely, reverse osmosis units and water filtration units; wastewater treatment equipment; water filtration equipment, namely, electrodialysis reversal units for water filtration, water purification, and water softening; brine treatment equipment, namely, electrodialysis reversal units for brine concentration and volume reduction of brine and wastewater; effluent treatment equipment for separating contaminants from water, namely, electrodialysis reversal units; chemical and metal recovery equipment for recovering chemicals and metals from water, namely, electrodialysis reversal units; water treatment equipment, namely, electrodialysis reversal units for salt recovery and salt crystallization; selective membrane apparatus comprised of selective membranes and filtration units and water treatment apparatus, namely, electrodialysis reversal units; replacement parts and fittings for all the aforesaid goods Water desalination, wastewater, and water treatment services; brine treatment services; effluent treatment services; extraction of dissolved chemical compounds from water and wastewater for use in industrial processes, namely, chemical, metal and salt recovery services; filtration, purification and softening of water; water treatment and purification services provided to others in the nature of services to separate and remove contaminants from water and wastewater; wastewater and brine treatment services provided to others in the nature of services to extract freshwater from wastewater and brine, reduce wastewater and brine volume, and produce solids from wastewater and brine; wastewater treatment services provided to others, namely, extracting freshwater from wastewater and brine, and reducing volume of wastewater and brine; production of desalinated water; consulting services in the field of water and wastewater treatment, water filtration and purification, water softening, desalination, brine treatment and volume reduction, and chemical recovery from water and wastewater; development of water and wastewater treatment systems, water filtration and purification systems, water softening systems, desalination systems, systems for brine treatment and volume reduction, and systems for chemical recovery from water and wastewater; consulting services in the field of electrodialysis and electrodialysis reversal; provision of technical advice relating to the operation of plants for water and wastewater treatment, water filtration and purification, water softening, desalination, brine treatment and volume reduction, and chemical recovery from water and wastewater Engineering and testing services in the nature of equipment and product consulting, research, design, and development services in the field of water and wastewater treatment, water filtration and purification, water softening, desalination, brine treatment and volume reduction, and chemical recovery from water and wastewater; engineering services in the nature of equipment and product consulting, research, design, and development services in connection with electrodialysis and electrodialysis reversal and selective membranes; technical services for monitoring water condition and quality; provision of technical advice relating to the design of plants and equipment for water and wastewater treatment, water filtration and purification, water softening, desalination, brine treatment and volume reduction, and chemical recovery from water and wastewater
23.
CONTROLLED PRODUCED WATER DESALINATION FOR ENHANCED HYDROCARBON RECOVERY
ABSTRACT Processes, systems, and techniques for treating produced water drawn from a subterranean formation. The produced water is provided and contains dissolved solids and magnesium, calcium, and sodium ions. The produced water is desalinated using an electrically-driven membrane separation apparatus that includes alternating anion exchange membranes and cation exchange membranes defining opposing sides of alternating product and concentrate chambers. The desalinating involves flowing the produced water through the product chamber, flowing a second water through the concentrate chamber, and applying an electric potential across the cation and anion exchange membranes as the produced and second waters flow through the product and concentrate chambers, respectively. The product water is consequently produced and has a total dissolved solids content of between 300 mg/L and 8,000 mg/L, a total concentration of calcium ions and magnesium ions less than 100 mg/L, and a sodium adsorption ratio of 20 to 90.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
E21B 43/40 - Separation associated with re-injection of separated materials
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
24.
CONTROLLED PRODUCED WATER DESALINATION FOR ENHANCED HYDROCARBON RECOVERY
ABSTRACT Processes, systems, and techniques for treating produced water drawn from a subterranean formation. The produced water is provided and contains dissolved solids and magnesium, calcium, and sodium ions. The produced water is desalinated using an electrically-driven membrane separation apparatus that includes alternating anion exchange membranes and cation exchange membranes defining opposing sides of alternating product and concentrate chambers. The desalinating involves flowing the produced water through the product chamber, flowing a second water through the concentrate chamber, and applying an electric potential across the cation and anion exchange membranes as the produced and second waters flow through the product and concentrate chambers, respectively. The product water is consequently produced and has a total dissolved solids content of between 300 mg/L and 8,000 mg/L, a total concentration of calcium ions and magnesium ions less than 100 mg/L, and a sodium adsorption ratio of 20 to 90.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
E21B 43/40 - Separation associated with re-injection of separated materials
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
25.
Process and apparatus for multivalent ion desalination
Processes, systems, and techniques for multivalent ion desalination of a feed water use an apparatus that has a cathode, an anode, and an electrodialysis cell located between the cathode and anode. The cell has a product chamber through which the feed water flows, a multivalent cation concentrating chamber on a cathodic side of the product chamber through which the concentrated multivalent cation solution flows, and a multivalent anion concentrating chamber on an anodic side of the product chamber through which the concentrated multivalent anion solution flows. The product chamber and the multivalent cation concentrating chamber are each bounded by and share a cation exchange membrane, and the product chamber and the multivalent anion concentrating chamber are each bounded by and share an anion exchange membrane. A monovalent ion species is added to at least one of the concentrated multivalent cation solution and the concentrated multivalent anion solution.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Water desalination plants; desalination units; wastewater treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to produce freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, remove extract contaminants from wastewater, using a humidification and a de-humidification process; wastewater treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to extract freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, and produce solids from wastewater, employing an evaporation and condensation process; wastewater treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to extract freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, and produce solids from wastewater, employing a humidification and dehumidification process Desalination services, namely, operating desalination units and desalination plants for others; wastewater treatment services provided to others, namely, extracting freshwater from wastewater, reducing wastewater volume, and producing solids from wastewater, using an evaporation and condensation process; wastewater treatment services provided to others, namely, extracting freshwater from wastewater, reducing wastewater volume, and producing solids from wastewater, using a humidification and dehumidification process; water treatment services provided to others, namely, extracting chemicals, metals, and solids from water using an evaporation and condensation process and a humidification and dehumidification process Consulting engineering services, namely, providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of desalination using an evaporation and condensation process; consulting engineering services, namely, providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of water treatment and water purification, using an evaporation and condensation process; consulting engineering services, namely, providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of desalination using a humidification and dehumidification process; consulting engineering services, namely, providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of water treatment and water purification, using a humidification and dehumidification process; consulting engineering services, namely, providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of wastewater treatment using an evaporation and condensation process; consulting engineering services, namely, providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of wastewater treatment using a humidification and dehumidification process; providing technical consultation services to others in the field of water treating of wastewater; engineering services in the field of water treating of wastewater
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Water desalination plants; desalination units; wastewater treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to produce freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, remove extract contaminants from wastewater, using a humidification and a de-humidification process; wastewater treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to extract freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, and produce solids from wastewater, employing an evaporation and condensation process; wastewater treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to extract freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, and produce solids from wastewater, employing a humidification and dehumidification process Desalination services, namely, operating desalination units and desalination plants for others; wastewater treatment services provided to others, namely, extracting freshwater from wastewater, reducing wastewater volume, and producing solids from wastewater, using an evaporation and condensation process; wastewater treatment services provided to others, namely, extracting freshwater from wastewater, reducing wastewater volume, and producing solids from wastewater, using a humidification and dehumidification process; water treatment services provided to others, namely, extracting chemicals, metals, and solids from water using an evaporation and condensation process and a humidification and dehumidification process Consulting engineering services, namely, providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of desalination using an evaporation and condensation process; consulting engineering services, namely, providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of water treatment and water purification, using an evaporation and condensation process; consulting engineering services, namely, providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of desalination using a humidification and dehumidification process; consulting engineering services, namely, providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of water treatment and water purification, using a humidification and dehumidification process; consulting engineering services, namely, providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of wastewater treatment using an evaporation and condensation process; consulting engineering services, namely, providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of wastewater treatment using a humidification and dehumidification process; providing technical consultation services to others in the field of water treating of wastewater; engineering services in the field of water treating of wastewater
28.
PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR REMOVING AMMONIUM FROM WASTEWATER
Methods, systems, and techniques for removing ammonium from ammonia-containing water involve using a stack that has alternating product chambers and concentrate chambers for receiving ammonia-containing water and an acidic solution, respectively, with the chambers being bounded by alternating cation exchange membranes and proton permselective cation exchange membranes. Ammonium moves from the product chambers to the concentrate chambers across the CEMs and protons move from the concentrate chambers to the product chambers across the pCEMs when the stack is in use. An electrolyzer may also be used to convert the ammonium in the concentrate chambers into nitrogen.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
B01D 61/00 - Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltrationApparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
C02F 1/66 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisationTreatment of water, waste water, or sewage pH adjustment
C02F 1/76 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
A process for preparing an acrylamide-based crosslinking monomer including reacting in the presence of a catalyst an isocyanate compound containing at least two isocyanate groups with one of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
C09D 4/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond
C09J 4/00 - Adhesives based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond
C07C 233/38 - Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a carbon atom of an acyclic unsaturated carbon skeleton
C07C 233/41 - Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
C07C 233/44 - Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a carbon atom of an unsaturated carbon skeleton
Processes, systems, and techniques for multivalent ion desalination of a feed water use an apparatus that has a cathode, an anode, and an electrodialysis cell located between the cathode and anode. The cell has a product chamber through which the feed water flows, a multivalent cation concentrating chamber on a cathodic side of the product chamber through which the concentrated multivalent cation solution flows, and a multivalent anion concentrating chamber on an anodic side of the product chamber through which the concentrated multivalent anion solution flows. The product chamber and the multivalent cation concentrating chamber are each bounded by and share a cation exchange membrane, and the product chamber and the multivalent anion concentrating chamber are each bounded by and share an anion exchange membrane. A monovalent ion species is added to at least one of the concentrated multivalent cation solution and the concentrated multivalent anion solution.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
Processes, systems, and techniques for multivalent ion desalination of a feed water use an apparatus that has a cathode, an anode, and an electrodialysis cell located between the cathode and anode. The cell has a product chamber through which the feed water flows, a multivalent cation concentrating chamber on a cathodic side of the product chamber through which the concentrated multivalent cation solution flows, and a multivalent anion concentrating chamber on an anodic side of the product chamber through which the concentrated multivalent anion solution flows. The product chamber and the multivalent cation concentrating chamber are each bounded by and share a cation exchange membrane, and the product chamber and the multivalent anion concentrating chamber are each bounded by and share an anion exchange membrane. A monovalent ion species is added to at least one of the concentrated multivalent cation solution and the concentrated multivalent anion solution.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
32.
Multiple effect concentration swap de-scaling system
A multistage thermal desalination system, together with its associated method of use, allows de-scaling of subsystems exposed to saturated saltwater by alternating the saturation stage of the process between two neighboring physical desalination stages. The desalination system is provided with at least one transfer conduit, at least one pump, and valving to permit saltwaters being desalinated by higher and lower stage desalination subsystems to be swapped. By replacing the saturated saltwater in a higher salt concentration desalination subsystem with lower salt concentration saltwater, the scaling in higher salt concentration desalination subsystem is reduced while the saturation load is placed on another of the desalination subsystems.
A resilient anion exchange membrane including a homogeneous cross-linked ion-transferring polymer substantially filling pores and substantially covering surfaces of a porous substrate, wherein the resilient anion exchange membrane is prepared by polymerizing a composition including a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant monomer, a crosslinking monomer including two or more ethylenic groups, a free radical initiator, and a solvent.
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
11 - Environmental control apparatus
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
water desalination services; water treatment and purification services used to separate and remove contaminants from water; water treatment services provided to others, namely, desalinating water and purifying water employing a humidification and de-humidification process, or an evaporation and condensation process; wastewater treatment services used to extract freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, and produce solids from wastewater; wastewater treatment services provided to others, namely, extracting freshwater from wastewater, reducing wastewater volume, and producing solids from wastewater employing a humidification and de-humidification process, or an evaporation and condensation process; [ leasing of desalination units to others; ] providing technical consultation services to others in the field of water and wastewater treatment desalination equipment, namely, equipment used to produce freshwater from saline wastewater and brine; water treatment and purification equipment, namely, equipment that separates and removes contaminants from water employing a humidification and de-humidification process; water treatment and purification equipment, namely, equipment that separates and removes contaminants from water employing an evaporation and condensation process; wastewater treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to produce freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, and produce solids from wastewater, using a humidification and de-humidification process; wastewater treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to extract freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, and produce solids from wastewater, using an evaporation and condensation process; equipment for recovering constituents from wastewater employing a humidification and de-humidification process; equipment for recovering constituents from wastewater employing an evaporation and condensation process engineering consulting services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
(1) Desalination plants; desalination units; wastewater treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to produce freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, remove extract contaminants from wastewater, using a humidification and a de-humidification process; wastewater treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to extract freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, and produce solids from wastewater, employing an evaporation and condensation process; wastewater treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to extract freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, and produce solids from wastewater, employing a humidification and dehumidification process (1) Desalination services, namely, operating desalination units and desalination plants for others; wastewater treatment services provided to other, namely extracting freshwater from wastewater, reducing wastewater volume, and producing solids from wastewater, using an evaporation and condensation process; wastewater treatment services provided to other, namely extracting freshwater from wastewater, reducing wastewater volume, and producing solids from wastewater, using a humidification and dehumidification process; water treatment services provided to others, namely, extracting chemicals, metals, and solids from water using an evaporation and condensation process and a humidification and dehumidification process; consulting engineering services, namely providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of desalination using an evaporation and condensation process; consulting engineering services, namely providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of water treatment and water purification, using an evaporation and condensation process; consulting engineering services, namely providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of desalination using a humidification and dehumidification process; consulting engineering services, namely providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of water treatment and water purification, using a humidification and dehumidification process; consulting engineering services, namely providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of wastewater treatment using an evaporation and condensation process; consulting engineering services, namely providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of wastewater treatment using a humidification and dehumidification process; providing technical consultation services to others in the field of water treating of wastewater; engineering services in the field of water treating of wastewater
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
(1) Desalination plants; desalination units; wastewater treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to produce freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, remove extract contaminants from wastewater, using a humidification and a de-humidification process; wastewater treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to extract freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, and produce solids from wastewater, employing an evaporation and condensation process; wastewater treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to extract freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, and produce solids from wastewater, employing a humidification and dehumidification process (1) Desalination services, namely, operating desalination units and desalination plants for others; wastewater treatment services provided to other, namely extracting freshwater from wastewater, reducing wastewater volume, and producing solids from wastewater, using an evaporation and condensation process; wastewater treatment services provided to other, namely extracting freshwater from wastewater, reducing wastewater volume, and producing solids from wastewater, using a humidification and dehumidification process; water treatment services provided to others, namely, extracting chemicals, metals, and solids from water using an evaporation and condensation process and a humidification and dehumidification process; consulting engineering services, namely providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of desalination using an evaporation and condensation process; consulting engineering services, namely providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of water treatment and water purification, using an evaporation and condensation process; consulting engineering services, namely providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of desalination using a humidification and dehumidification process; consulting engineering services, namely providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of water treatment and water purification, using a humidification and dehumidification process; consulting engineering services, namely providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of wastewater treatment using an evaporation and condensation process; consulting engineering services, namely providing engineering consulting services to others in the field of wastewater treatment using a humidification and dehumidification process; providing technical consultation services to others in the field of water treating of wastewater; engineering services in the field of water treating of wastewater
37.
Acrylamide-based crosslinking monomers, their preparation, and uses thereof
A process for preparing an acrylamide-based crosslinking monomer comprising reacting in the presence of a catalyst an isocyanate compound containing at least two isocyanate groups with one of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. These acrylamide-based crosslinking monomers are used in the preparation of coating compositions, adhesive compositions curable by applying thermal or radiation energy, and in the preparation of cation or anion exchange membranes.
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
(1) Desalination plants; water purifying apparatus and machines for the treatment of wastewater and brine; wastewater treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to produce freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, and produce solids from wastewater, using a humidification and de-humidification process; wastewater treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to extract freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, and produce solids from wastewater, using an evaporation and condensation process; mineral and chemical filtering apparatus for the treatment of wastewater and brine (1) Water desalination services; water treating of wastewater and brine; operating desalination plants for others; water treating of wastewater and brine; wastewater treatment services used to extract freshwater from wastewater, reduce wastewater volume, and produce solids from wastewater; wastewater treatment services provided to others, namely, extracting freshwater from wastewater, reducing wastewater volume, and producing solids from wastewater employing a humidification and de-humidification process, or an evaporation and condensation process; leasing of desalination units to others; providing technical consultation services to others in the field of water treating of wastewater and brine; engineering services in the field of water treating of wastewater and brine
39.
Method, apparatus and system for desalinating saltwater
The present disclosure is directed at an apparatus, method and plant for desalinating saltwater and contaminated saltwater. The apparatus comprises a stack and a manifolding assembly. The stack comprises a product chamber, a first and second concentrate chamber, an anion exchange membrane forming a boundary between the first concentrate chamber and the product chamber and a cation exchange membrane forming a boundary between the second concentrate chamber and the product chamber. The manifolding assembly comprises product and concentrate manifolding fluidly coupled to the product and concentrate chambers respectively, to convey a saltwater being desalinated to and away from the product chamber, and a concentrate to and away from the concentrate chambers. The stack may include a diluent chamber and adjacent anion or cation exchange membranes between the product chamber, diluent chamber and concentrate chamber to respectively convey anions or cations across multiple chambers. The stack may also contain a rinse chamber bounded by an anion exchange membrane to guard the stack electrodes from scaling cations. A cleaning system for cleaning the stack is also disclosed.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
A multistage thermal desalination system, together with its associated method of use, allows de-scaling of subsystems exposed to saturated saltwater by alternating the saturation stage of the process between two neighboring physical desalination stages. The desalination system is provided with at least one transfer conduit, at least one pump, and valving to permit saltwaters being desalinated by higher and lower stage desalination subsystems to be swapped. By replacing the saturated saltwater in a higher salt concentration desalination subsystem with lower salt concentration saltwater, the scaling in higher salt concentration desalination subsystem is reduced while the saturation load is placed on another of the desalination subsystems.
A multistage thermal desalination system, together with its associated method of use, allows de-scaling of subsystems exposed to saturated saltwater by alternating the saturation stage of the process between two neighboring physical desalination stages. The desalination system is provided with at least one transfer conduit, at least one pump, and valving to permit saltwaters being desalinated by higher and lower stage desalination subsystems to be swapped. By replacing the saturated saltwater in a higher salt concentration desalination subsystem with lower salt concentration saltwater, the scaling in higher salt concentration desalination subsystem is reduced while the saturation load is placed on another of the desalination subsystems.
A process and system for removing ammonia from an aqueous ammonia solution. A first aqueous solution and the ammonia solution are flowed respectively through a first and a second separation chamber of a bipolar membrane electrodialysis ("BPMED") stack. The first separation chamber is bounded on an anodic side by a cation exchange membrane and the second separation chamber is bounded on a cathodic side by the cation exchange membrane and on an anodic side by a bipolar membrane. The bipolar membrane has an anion-permeable layer and a cation- permeable layer respectively oriented to face the stack's anode and cathode. While the solutions are flowing through the stack a voltage is applied across the stack that causes the bipolar membrane to dissociate water into protons and hydroxide ions. The protons migrate into the second separation chamber and react there with ammonia to form ammonium ions that migrate to the first separation chamber.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
A process and system for removing ammonia from an aqueous ammonia solution. A first aqueous solution and the ammonia solution are flowed respectively through a first and a second separation chamber of a bipolar membrane electrodialysis ("BPMED") stack. The first separation chamber is bounded on an anodic side by a cation exchange membrane and the second separation chamber is bounded on a cathodic side by the cation exchange membrane and on an anodic side by a bipolar membrane. The bipolar membrane has an anion-permeable layer and a cation- permeable layer respectively oriented to face the stack's anode and cathode. While the solutions are flowing through the stack a voltage is applied across the stack that causes the bipolar membrane to dissociate water into protons and hydroxide ions. The protons migrate into the second separation chamber and react there with ammonia to form ammonium ions that migrate to the first separation chamber.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
An electrodialytic acid regeneration apparatus includes two electrodes and a stack of electrodialysis chambers arranged between the electrodes. Immediately adjacent chambers are separated from each other by alternating anion exchange membranes and cation exchange membranes selected from one of a monovalent cation exchange membrane and a proton permselective cation exchange membrane, which forms electrodialytic chambers of two types. In an associated method the first type of chamber is supplied with the spent acid solution and the second type of chamber is supplied with low ion concentration solution. Under the action of an electric potential difference applied across the electrodes, protons are transferred through the cation exchange membranes from the spent acid solution to the low ion concentration solution and anions are transferred through the anion exchange membranes from the spent acid solution to the low ion concentration solution. The low ion concentration solution, suitably recirculated through the apparatus, may be rendered as regenerated acid.
B01D 61/48 - Apparatus therefor having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
C22B 3/04 - Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
45.
Modular humidification-dehumidification apparatus for concentrating solutions
A modular humidification-dehumidification (HDH) apparatus and system for concentrating a solution including a plurality of internal modules coupled to each other. The plurality of internal modules includes a humidification module and a dehumidification module in gas flow communication with the humidification module. The humidification module includes humidification media facilitating evaporation of liquid from the solution to gas as the solution passes through the humidification media thereby producing a concentrated solution and a humidified gas. The dehumidification module includes a condensing heat exchanger for condensing vapor from the humidified gas.
B01D 5/00 - Condensation of vapoursRecovering volatile solvents by condensation
B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
F25B 13/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
B01D 1/14 - Evaporating with heated gases or vapours in contact with the liquid
A method for making a resilient ion exchange membrane comprising polymerizing a composition containing at least an ionic surfactant monomer having an ethylenic group and a long hydrophobic alkyl group filling the pores of and covering the surfaces of a porous substrate. The hydrophobic long alkyl group in the ionic surfactant monomer provides ion exchange membranes with improved mechanical properties, and good chemical stability.
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
A hybrid electrochemical water softening desalination system softens water by both electrodialytical and non-electrodialytical means before desalinating the softened water in a primary desalination subsystem. The concentrate produced as byproduct from the desalination is provided to a concentrate channel of the electrodialysis device employed, and the electrodialysis device extracts multivalent ions from the water to the concentrate channel. In some embodiments the electrodialysis device provides softened water directly to the primary desalination subsystem. In other embodiments the electrodialysis device provides electrodialytically softened water to a non-electrodialytical softening subsystem for further softening, before the softened water is supplied to the primary desalination subsystem. The arrangement integrates the concentrate disposal line of the primary desalination subsystem with the functioning of the electrodialysis device.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
11 - Environmental control apparatus
17 - Rubber and plastic; packing and insulating materials
Goods & Services
[Desalination and water treatment services; brine treatment services; effluent treatment services; extraction of dissolved chemical compounds from water for use in industrial processes, namely, chemical, metal and salt recovery services] [Engineering consulting services, namely, in the field of water purification, filtration, desalination, and power generation and in the fields of removing dissolved ionic compounds, metals, chemicals, salt, organic and inorganic contaminants from water using an electrodialysis process, an evaporation and condensation process, using reverse osmosis, or using polymeric membranes; engineering consulting services, namely, providing consulting engineering services in the field of power generation using an electrochemical process that employs dissolved ionic compounds and polymeric membranes] Desalination and water treatment equipment, namely, ion exchange polymeric membranes; water filtration equipment, namely, ion exchange polymeric membranes; brine treatment equipment, namely, ion exchange polymeric membranes; effluent treatment equipment for separating contaminants from water, namely, ion exchange polymeric membranes; chemical and metal recovery equipment for recovering chemicals and metals from water, namely, ion exchange polymeric membranes; salt recovery equipment, namely, ion exchange polymeric membranes polymeric ion exchange membranes and polymeric membranes in roll or sheet form
49.
DESALINATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DESALINATING SALTWATER
A desalination system and method of operating the system to desalinate saltwater is disclosed. The desalination system includes a electrochemical desalination subsystem and a primary desalination subsystem, such as a thermal or reverse osmosis desalination system. The low multivalent ion concentration partially desalinated water from the electrochemical desalination subsystem is blended with low ion concentration desalinated water from the primary desalination subsystem to produce a blended desalted water that meets required specifications for release into the environment.
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
A monovalent ion permselective ion exchange membrane comprising a base layer consisting of an ion exchange membrane, and a monovalent ion permselective layer affixed to the surface of the base layer. The monovalent ion permselective layer is formed by coating and polymerizing a polymerizable solution onto the base ion exchange membrane layer. The polymerizable solution comprises: (i) of an ionic monomer having one or more ethylenic groups selected from (meth)acryloxy groups, (meth)acrylamido groups, and vinylbenzyl groups, (ii) a hydrophobic crosslinking monomer having two or more ethylenic groups selected from ( meth)acryloxy groups, (meth)acrylamido groups, and vinylbenzyl groups, (iii) a free radical initiator, in (iv) a solvent medium. The monovalent ion permselective ion exchange membranes include monovalent cation permselective ion exchange membranes and monovalent anion permselective ion exchange membranes. Also disclosed are processes for preparing the monovalent ion permselective ion exchange membranes.
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
B01J 39/20 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
B01J 41/14 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
51.
Method, apparatus and system for concentrating solutions using evaporation
A system, apparatus and method for concentrating a solution. The system includes a humidification device and a solution flow path for flow of a solution to be concentrated to the humidification device. The humidification device includes humidification media to facilitate evaporation of liquid from the solution to be concentrated to gas as the solution to be concentrated passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution. The method includes flowing a solution to be concentrated along a flow path to a humidification device including humidification media, flowing a gas through the humidification media, and flowing the solution to be concentrated through the humidification media. There is evaporation of liquid from the solution to the gas as the solution passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution and producing a humidified gas. The solution to be concentrated may be salt water and the gas may be air.
A monovalent ion permselective ion exchange membrane comprising a base layer consisting of an ion exchange membrane, and a monovalent ion permselective layer affixed to the surface of the base layer. The monovalent ion permselective layer is formed by coating and polymerizing a polymerizable solution onto the base ion exchange membrane layer. The polymerizable solution comprises: (i) of an ionic monomer having one or more ethylenic groups selected from (meth)acryloxy groups, (meth)acrylamido groups, and vinylbenzyl groups, (ii) a hydrophobic crosslinking monomer having two or more ethylenic groups selected from (meth)acryloxy groups, (meth)acrylamido groups, and vinylbenzyl groups, (iii) a free radical initiator, in (iv) a solvent medium. The monovalent ion permselective ion exchange membranes include monovalent cation permselective ion exchange membranes and monovalent anion permselective ion exchange membranes. Also disclosed are processes for preparing the monovalent ion permselective ion exchange membranes.
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
B01J 39/20 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
B01J 41/14 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
B01J 39/26 - Cation exchangers for chromatographic processes
B01J 41/20 - Anion exchangers for chromatographic processes
53.
MULTIVALENT ION SEPARATING DESALINATION PROCESS AND SYSTEM
A multivalent ion separating desalination system and associated process employs at least one multivalent ion separator subsystem to split sparingly soluble multivalent ion species from saltwater into highly soluble salts comprising multivalent cations and monovalent anions and salts comprising monovalent cations and multivalent anions.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
54.
MULTIVALENT ION SEPARATING DESALINATION PROCESS AND SYSTEM
A multivalent ion separating desalination system and associated process employs at least one multivalent ion separator subsystem to split sparingly soluble multivalent ion species from saltwater into highly soluble salts comprising multivalent cations and monovalent anions and salts comprising monovalent cations and multivalent anions.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
55.
Method, apparatus and system for concentrating solutions using evaporation
A system, apparatus and method for concentrating a solution. The system includes a humidification device and a solution flow path for flow of a solution to be concentrated to the humidification device. The humidification device includes humidification media to facilitate evaporation of liquid from the solution to be concentrated to gas as the solution to be concentrated passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution. The method includes flowing a solution to be concentrated along a flow path to a humidification device including humidification media, flowing a gas through the humidification media, and flowing the solution to be concentrated through the humidification media. There is evaporation of liquid from the solution to the gas as the solution passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution and producing a humidified gas. The solution to be concentrated may be salt water and the gas may be air.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
11 - Environmental control apparatus
17 - Rubber and plastic; packing and insulating materials
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
(1) Ion exchange membranes and polymeric membranes in roll form and in sheet form; ion exchange resins; desalination equipment, namely, desalination equipment used to remove contaminants from water, and desalination equipment used to extract metals and other constituents from water; water purifying apparatus and machines for the treatment of wastewater and brine, and mineral and filtering apparatus for the treatment of wastewater and brine; brine treatment equipment, namely, brine treatment equipment used to remove dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water using an electrodialysis process, brine treatment equipment used to remove dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water using an evaporation and condensation process, brine treatment equipment used to remove dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water using reverse osmosis, and brine treatment equipment used to remove dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water using polymeric membranes; effluent treatment equipment for separating contaminants from water, namely, effluent treatment equipment used to remove organic and inorganic contaminants from water using an electrodialysis process, effluent treatment equipment used to remove organic and inorganic contaminants from water using an evaporation and condensation process, effluent treatment equipment used to remove organic and inorganic contaminants from water using reverse osmosis, and effluent treatment equipment used to remove organic and inorganic contaminants from water using polymeric membranes; salt recovery equipment, namely, salt recovery equipment for separating salt from water using an electrodialysis process, salt recovery equipment for separating salt from water using an evaporation and condensation process, salt recovery equipment for separating salt from water using an electrodialysis process, salt recovery equipment for separating salt from water using reverse osmosis, salt recovery equipment for separating salt from water using an electrodialysis process, and salt recovery equipment for separating salt from water using polymeric membranes. (1) Water desalination services provided to others; water treatment services provided to others, namely, converting salt water into fresh water to remove contaminants from water, extracting ionic compounds, metals and other constituents from water, reducing the volume of water, and converting salt water into solid ionic compounds; water treatment services provided to others, namely, desalinating water and purifying water employing an electrodialysis process, desalinating water and purifying water employing an evaporation and condensation process, desalinating water and purifying water employing reverse osmosis, and desalinating water and purifying water employing polymeric membranes; brine treatment services provided to others, namely, removing dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water using an electrodialysis process, removing dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water using an evaporation and condensation process, removing dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water using reverse osmosis, and removing dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water using polymeric membranes; effluent treatment services provided to others, namely, separating organic and inorganic contaminants from water using an electrodialysis process, separating organic and inorganic contaminants from water using an evaporation and condensation process, separating organic and inorganic contaminants from water using reverse osmosis, and separating organic and inorganic contaminants from water using polymeric membranes; salt recovery services provided to others, namely, separating salt from water using an electrodialysis process, separating salt from water using an evaporation and condensation process, separating salt from water using reverse osmosis, and separating salt from water using polymeric membranes; engineering consulting services, namely, providing consulting engineering services to others in the field of water purification, filtration, desalination; engineering consulting services, namely, providing consulting engineering services to others in the field of removing dissolved ionic compounds, metals, chemicals, salt, organic and inorganic contaminants from water using an electrodialysis process, providing consulting engineering services to others in the field of removing dissolved ionic compounds, metals, chemicals, salt, organic and inorganic contaminants from water using an evaporation and condensation process, providing consulting engineering services to others in the field of removing dissolved ionic compounds, metals, chemicals, salt, organic and inorganic contaminants from water using reverse osmosis, and providing consulting engineering services to others in the field of removing dissolved ionic compounds, metals, chemicals, salt, organic and inorganic contaminants from water using polymeric membranes; engineering consulting services, namely, providing consulting engineering services to others in the field of power generation using an electrochemical process that employs dissolved ionic compounds and polymeric membranes.
57.
ACRYLAMIDE-BASED CROSSLINKING MONOMERS, THEIR PREPARATION, AND USES THEREOF
A process for preparing an acrylamide-based crosslinking monomer comprising reacting in the presence of a catalyst an isocyanate compound containing at least two isocyanate groups with one of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. These acrylamide-based crosslinking monomers are used in the preparation of coating compositions, adhesive compositions curable by applying thermal or radiation energy, and in the preparation of cation or anion exchange membranes.
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
C07C 231/10 - Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from compounds not provided for in groups
C07C 233/34 - Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups
C07C 263/16 - Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid by reactions not involving the formation of isocyanate groups
A process for preparing an acrylamide-based crosslinking monomer comprising reacting in the presence of a catalyst an isocyanate compound containing at least two isocyanate groups with one of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. These acrylamide-based crosslinking monomers are used in the preparation of coating compositions, adhesive compositions curable by applying thermal or radiation energy, and in the preparation of cation or anion exchange membranes.
C07C 231/10 - Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from compounds not provided for in groups
C07C 233/34 - Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by amino groups
C07C 263/16 - Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid by reactions not involving the formation of isocyanate groups
The present disclosure is directed at a system, apparatus and method for concentrating a solution. The system includes a humidification device and a solution flow path for flow of a solution to be concentrated to the humidification device. The humidification device includes humidification media to facilitate evaporation of liquid from the solution to be concentrated to gas as the solution to be concentrated passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution. The method includes flowing a solution to be concentrated along a flow path to a humidification device including humidification media, flowing a gas through the humidification media, and flowing the solution to be concentrated through the humidification media. There is evaporation of liquid from the solution to the gas as the solution passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution and producing a humidified gas. The solution to be concentrated may be salt water and the gas may be air.
A desalination system and method of operating the system to desalinate saltwater is disclosed. The desalination system includes a electrochemical desalination subsystem and a primary desalination subsystem, such as a thermal or reverse osmosis desalination system. The low multivalent ion concentration partially desalinated water from the electrochemical desalination subsystem is blended with low ion concentration desalinated water from the primary desalination subsystem to produce a blended desalted water that meets required specifications for release into the environment.
C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
61.
MODULAR HUMIDIFICATION-DEHUMIDIFICATION APPARATUS FOR CONCENTRATING SOLUTIONS
The present disclosure describes a modular humidification-dehumidification (HDH) apparatus and system for concentrating a solution including a plurality of internal modules coupled to each other. The plurality of internal modules includes a humidification module and a dehumidification module in gas flow communication with the humidification module. The humidification module includes humidification media facilitating evaporation of liquid from the solution to gas as the solution passes through the humidification media thereby producing a concentrated solution and a humidified gas. The dehumidification module includes a condensing heat exchanger for condensing vapour from the humidified gas.
A method for making a resilient ion exchange membrane comprising polymerizing a composition containing at least an ionic surfactant monomer having an ethylenic group and a long hydrophobic alkyl group filling the pores of and covering the surfaces of a porous substrate. The hydrophobic long alkyl group in the ionic surfactant monomer provides ion exchange membranes with improved mechanical properties, and good chemical stability.
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
A method for making a resilient anion exchange membrane comprising polymerizing a composition containing at least an ionic surfactant monomer having an ethylenic group and a long hydrophobic alkyl group filling the pores of and covering the surfaces of a porous substrate. The hydrophobic long alkyl group in the ionic surfactant monomer provides anion exchange membranes with improved mechanical properties, and good chemical stability.
A method for making a resilient ion exchange membrane comprising polymerizing a composition containing at least an ionic surfactant monomer having an ethylenic group and a long hydrophobic alkyl group filling the pores of and covering the surfaces of a porous substrate. The hydrophobic long alkyl group in the ionic surfactant monomer provides ion exchange membranes with improved mechanical properties, and good chemical stability.
The present disclosure describes a modular humidification-dehumidification (HDH) apparatus and system for concentrating a solution including a plurality of internal modules coupled to each other. The plurality of internal modules includes a humidification module and a dehumidification module in gas flow communication with the humidification module. The humidification module includes humidification media facilitating evaporation of liquid from the solution to gas as the solution passes through the humidification media thereby producing a concentrated solution and a humidified gas. The dehumidification module includes a condensing heat exchanger for condensing vapour from the humidified gas.
C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
B01J 10/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particlesApparatus specially adapted therefor
66.
Apparatus for compression of a stack and for a water treatment system
The present disclosure is directed at a compression device for compressing a stack to prevent leaks and at an apparatus including the stack and the compression device. The stack includes a pair of rigid end plates located at opposing ends of the stack, a plurality of membrane bounded compartments layered between one of the rigid end plates and the other of the rigid end plates and fluid manifolds extending through the membrane bound compartments. The compression device is fixedly coupled to opposing ends of the pair of rigid end plates and includes compression members movable to compress one of the rigid end plates towards the other of the rigid end plates. The compression members are positioned to apply force to the stack in the vicinity of the fluid manifolds.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
B01D 65/00 - Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
17 - Rubber and plastic; packing and insulating materials
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Apparatus for lighting, heating, steam generating, cooking, refrigerating, drying, ventilating, water supply and sanitary purposes; desalination equipment; water treatment systems; power generation equipment; desalination apparatus, installations, plants; apparatus for reverse osmosis; water filtration machines, effluent treatment machines to separate water from contaminants; brine treatment equipment, salt recovery equipment, metals recovery equipment. Rubber, gutta-percha, gum, asbestos, mica and goods made from these materials and not included in other classes; plastics in extruded form for use in manufacture; packing, stopping and insulating materials; flexible pipes, not of metal; polymeric membranes, cross-linked polymeric membranes in sheet form, polymeric porous membranes in sheet form; plastic membranes. Treatment of materials; water desalination services; water treatment services; power generation services; brine treatment services, salt recovery services, metals recovery services, engineering consulting services.
68.
METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR DESALINATING SALTWATER
The present disclosure is directed at an apparatus, method and plant for desalinating saltwater and contaminated saltwater. The apparatus comprises a stack and a manifolding assembly. The stack comprises a product chamber, a first and second concentrate chamber, an anion exchange membrane forming a boundary between the first concentrate chamber and the product chamber and a cation exchange membrane forming a boundary between the second concentrate chamber and the product chamber. The manifolding assembly comprises product and concentrate manifolding fluidly coupled to the product and concentrate chambers respectively, to convey a saltwater being desalinated to and away from the product chamber, and a concentrate to and away from the concentrate chambers. The stack may include a diluent chamber and adjacent anion or cation exchange membranes between the product chamber, diluent chamber and concentrate chamber to respectively convey anions or cations across multiple chambers. The stack may also contain a rinse chamber bounded by an anion exchange membrane to guard the stack electrodes from scaling cations. A cleaning system for cleaning the stack is also disclosed.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
The present disclosure is directed at an apparatus, method and plant for desalinating saltwater and contaminated saltwater. The apparatus comprises a stack and a manifolding assembly. The stack comprises a product chamber, a first and second concentrate chamber, an anion exchange membrane forming a boundary between the first concentrate chamber and the product chamber and a cation exchange membrane forming a boundary between the second concentrate chamber and the product chamber. The manifolding assembly comprises product and concentrate manifolding fluidly coupled to the product and concentrate chambers respectively, to convey a saltwater being desalinated to and away from the product chamber, and a concentrate to and away from the concentrate chambers. The stack may include a diluent chamber and adjacent anion or cation exchange membranes between the product chamber, diluent chamber and concentrate chamber to respectively convey anions or cations across multiple chambers. The stack may also contain a rinse chamber bounded by an anion exchange membrane to guard the stack electrodes from scaling cations. A cleaning system for cleaning the stack is also disclosed.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
The present disclosure is directed at an apparatus, method and plant for desalinating saltwater and contaminated saltwater. The apparatus comprises a stack and a manifolding assembly. The stack comprises a product chamber, a first and second concentrate chamber, an anion exchange membrane forming a boundary between the first concentrate chamber and the product chamber and a cation exchange membrane forming a boundary between the second concentrate chamber and the product chamber. The manifolding assembly comprises product and concentrate manifolding fluidly coupled to the product and concentrate chambers respectively, to convey a saltwater being desalinated to and away from the product chamber, and a concentrate to and away from the concentrate chambers. The stack may include a diluent chamber and adjacent anion or cation exchange membranes between the product chamber, diluent chamber and concentrate chamber to respectively convey anions or cations across multiple chambers. The stack may also contain a rinse chamber bounded by an anion exchange membrane to guard the stack electrodes from scaling cations. A cleaning system for cleaning the stack is also disclosed.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
The present disclosure is directed at a modular apparatus for a water treatment system. The apparatus includes multiple internal modules that are compressively coupled to each other. Each of the internal modules includes a pair of rigid end plates located at opposing ends of the internal module, and a stack of membrane bounded compartments that are layered from one of the end plates to the other. Each of the rigid interior end plates includes an electrode, and the electrode of one of the rigid interior end plates is electrically connected to the electrode of the other of the rigid interior end plates to complete an ionic circuit through each of the internal modules. The present disclosure is also directed at a non-modular apparatus including a stack and a compression device for compressing the stack to prevent leaks. The stack includes a pair of rigid end plates located at opposing ends of the stack, a plurality of membrane bounded compartments layered between one of the rigid end plates and the other of the rigid end plates and fluid manifolds extending through the membrane bound compartments. The compression device is fixedly coupled to opposing ends of the pair of rigid end plates and includes compression members movable to compress one of the rigid end plates towards the other of the rigid end plates. The compression members are positioned to apply force to the stack in the vicinity of the fluid manifolds.
B30B 1/18 - Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by screw means
C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
F16B 1/00 - Devices for securing together, or preventing relative movement between, constructional elements or machine parts
F16B 5/02 - Joining sheets or plates to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
The present disclosure is directed at a modular apparatus for a water treatment system. The apparatus includes multiple internal modules that are compressively coupled to each other. Each of the internal modules includes a pair of rigid end plates located at opposing ends of the internal module, and a stack of membrane bounded compartments that are layered from one of the end plates to the other. Each of the rigid interior end plates includes an electrode, and the electrode of one of the rigid interior end plates is electrically connected to the electrode of the other of the rigid interior end plates to complete an ionic circuit through each of the internal modules. The present disclosure is also directed at a non-modular apparatus including a stack and a compression device for compressing the stack to prevent leaks. The stack includes a pair of rigid end plates located at opposing ends of the stack, a plurality of membrane bounded compartments layered between one of the rigid end plates and the other of the rigid end plates and fluid manifolds extending through the membrane bound compartments. The compression device is fixedly coupled to opposing ends of the pair of rigid end plates and includes compression members movable to compress one of the rigid end plates towards the other of the rigid end plates. The compression members are positioned to apply force to the stack in the vicinity of the fluid manifolds.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
F16B 1/00 - Devices for securing together, or preventing relative movement between, constructional elements or machine parts
F16B 5/02 - Joining sheets or plates to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
F28F 3/08 - Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
The present disclosure is directed at a system, apparatus and method for concentrating a solution. The system includes a humidification device and a solution flow path for flow of a solution to be concentrated to the humidification device. The humidification device includes humidification media to facilitate evaporation of liquid from the solution to be concentrated to gas as the solution to be concentrated passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution. The method includes flowing a solution to be concentrated along a flow path to a humidification device including humidification media, flowing a gas through the humidification media, and flowing the solution to be concentrated through the humidification media. There is evaporation of liquid from the solution to the gas as the solution passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution and producing a humidified gas. The solution to be concentrated may be salt water and the gas may be air.
The present disclosure is directed at a system, apparatus and method for concentrating a solution. The system includes a humidification device and a solution flow path for flow of a solution to be concentrated to the humidification device. The humidification device includes humidification media to facilitate evaporation of liquid from the solution to be concentrated to gas as the solution to be concentrated passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution. The method includes flowing a solution to be concentrated along a flow path to a humidification device including humidification media, flowing a gas through the humidification media, and flowing the solution to be concentrated through the humidification media. There is evaporation of liquid from the solution to the gas as the solution passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution and producing a humidified gas. The solution to be concentrated may be salt water and the gas may be air.
The present disclosure is directed at a system, apparatus and method for concentrating a solution. The system includes a humidification device and a solution flow path for flow of a solution to be concentrated to the humidification device. The humidification device includes humidification media to facilitate evaporation of liquid from the solution to be concentrated to gas as the solution to be concentrated passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution. The method includes flowing a solution to be concentrated along a flow path to a humidification device including humidification media, flowing a gas through the humidification media, and flowing the solution to be concentrated through the humidification media. There is evaporation of liquid from the solution to the gas as the solution passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution and producing a humidified gas. The solution to be concentrated may be salt water and the gas may be air.
The present disclosure is directed at a system, apparatus and method for concentrating a solution. The system includes a humidification device and a solution flow path for flow of a solution to be concentrated to the humidification device. The humidification device includes humidification media to facilitate evaporation of liquid from the solution to be concentrated to gas as the solution to be concentrated passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution. The method includes flowing a solution to be concentrated along a flow path to a humidification device including humidification media, flowing a gas through the humidification media, and flowing the solution to be concentrated through the humidification media. There is evaporation of liquid from the solution to the gas as the solution passes through the humidification media thereby concentrating the solution and producing a humidified gas. The solution to be concentrated may be salt water and the gas may be air.
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
07 - Machines and machine tools
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
Water desalination services; water treatment services; [ power generation services; ] brine treatment services; water treatment services, namely, salt recovery services, metals recovery services [ Power generation equipment, namely, electrical generators ] Desalination units; water treatment systems, namely, clarification, ionic separation, and thickening machines for use in treatment of liquids in the nature of water, waste water and industrial water; water treatment equipment, namely, water desalination plants; water treatment equipment, namely, reverse osmosis units; water treatment equipment, namely. ionic separation units; water treatment equipment, namely, water evaporation units; water filtration machines, namely, effluent filtering device to separate water from contaminants; water treatment equipment, namely, porous and non-porous polymeric membrane material in sheet form and non-sheet form, all for use in the separation of fluids, dissolved ions, or particulate matter; water treatment units for brine treatment, salt recovery, metals recovery, ionic separation, evaporation, electrocoagulation, and oxidation; membrane filter cartridges, membrane ionic separation cartridges for purification purposes
78.
Method for desalinating saltwater using concentration gradient energy
Described herein are a method and system for desalinating saltwater using concentration difference energy. A “five stream” dialytic stack is described that can be used to desalinate saltwater at a relatively high recovery ratio. The dialytic stack may include, for example, one or more drive cells having a paired concentrate and a diluent-c chamber in ionic communication with a product chamber that is adjacent to an anion and a cation discharge chamber each filled with diluent-p. The drive cell applies a drive voltage across the product chamber, and when the drive voltage exceeds a desalination voltage of the product chamber, the saltwater in the product chamber is desalinated. The dialytic stack may accept brine discharged from a first desalination plant as saltwater to be desalinated. Processing the brine in the dialytic stack may decrease its volume, decreasing costs associated with treating or otherwise disposing of the brine.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elementsFuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
17 - Rubber and plastic; packing and insulating materials
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
(1) Desalination equipment, namely, desalination equipment used to remove contaminants from water, or to extract metals or other constituents from water; water treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to remove contaminants from water, extract metals or other constituents from water; water treatment equipment, namely, equipment that separates or removes dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water employing an electrodialysis process; water treatment equipment, namely, equipment that separates or removes dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water employing an evaporation and condensation process; water treatment equipment, namely, equipment that separates or removes dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water employing a reverse osmosis process; water treatment equipment, namely, equipment that separates or removes dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water employing polymeric membranes; water purification equipment, namely, equipment that purifies water using an electrodialysis process, or an evaporation and condensation process, or reverse osmosis, or polymeric membranes; polymeric membranes used to separate or remove dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water and to generate electric power as a component of an electrochemical process; brine treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to remove dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water using an electrodialysis process, or an evaporation and condensation process, or reverse osmosis, or polymeric membranes; and equipment for recovering dissolved ionic compounds from water and for recovering dissolved metals from water, employing an electrodialysis process, or an evaporation and condensation process, or reverse osmosis, or polymeric membranes; power generation equipment, namely equipment used to generate electricity from salt water; equipment that generates electric power utilizing an electrochemical process that employs dissolved ionic compounds and polymeric membranes. (1) Water desalination services; water treatment services used to convert salt water into fresh water, to remove contaminants from water, to extract ionic compounds, metals or other constituents from water, to reduce the volume of water and convert salt water into solid ionic compounds; water treatment services provided to others, namely, desalinating water and purifying water employing an electrodialysis process, or an evaporation and condensation process, or reverse osmosis, or polymeric membranes; power generation services provided to others for the purposes of generating electricity from salt water, namely, generating electric power for others utilizing an electrochemical process that employs ionic compounds and polymeric membranes
A process for producing a resilient ion exchange membrane. The process comprises the steps of (1) selecting a porous matrix, (2) saturating the porous matrix with a homogenous solution comprising a mixture of: (i) a hydrophilic ionic monomer, (ii) a hydrophobic cross-linking oligomer and/or a comonomer, (iii) a free radical initiator, and (iii) a solvent for solubilizing the hydrophilic ionic monomer, the hydrophobic cross-linking oligomer and/or comonomer, and the free radical initiator into a homogenous mixture. (3) removing excess homogenous solution from the saturated porous matrix, (4) stimulating release of free radicals from the free radical initiator thereby initiating a polymerization reaction to form a cross-linked ion-transferring polymer substantially filling the pores and covering the surfaces of the porous matrix thereby forming a membrane, (5) washing the membrane to remove excess solvent, and (6) optionally bathing the washed membrane in a sodium chloride solution to selectively cross-link sodium or chloride ions to and within the ion-transferring polymer.
The present disclosure is directed at a modular apparatus for a saltwater desalinating system, and a method for using same. The apparatus includes multiple internal modules that are compressively coupled to each other. Each of the internal modules includes a pair of rigid end plates located at opposing ends of the internal module, and a stack of membrane bounded compartments that are layered from one of the end plates to the other. The modular apparatus can be used in a membrane based desalination system, which includes concentration difference energy systems, electrodialysis reversal systems, and membrane distillation systems. The modular apparatus helps to mitigate problems such as leakage and buckling in such systems, and can be used to increase membrane packing density and, accordingly, desalination efficiency.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
B01D 61/48 - Apparatus therefor having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material
B01J 47/06 - Column or bed processes during which the ion-exchange material is subjected to a physical treatment, e.g. heat, electric current, irradiation or vibration
B01J 47/12 - Ion-exchange processes in generalApparatus therefor characterised by the use of ion-exchange material in the form of ribbons, filaments, fibres or sheets, e.g. membranes
C02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
82.
Modular apparatus for a saltwater desalinating system, and method for using same
The present disclosure is directed at a modular apparatus for a saltwater desalinating system, and a method for using same. The apparatus includes multiple internal modules that are compressively coupled to each other. Each of the internal modules includes a pair of rigid end plates located at opposing ends of the internal module, and a stack of membrane bounded compartments that are layered from one of the end plates to the other. The modular apparatus can be used in a membrane based desalination system, which includes concentration difference energy systems, electrodialysis reversal systems, and membrane distillation systems. The modular apparatus helps to mitigate problems such as leakage and buckling in such systems, and can be used to increase membrane packing density and, accordingly, desalination efficiency.
B01D 25/02 - Filters formed by clamping together several filtering elements or parts of such elements in which the elements are pre-formed independent filtering units, e.g. modular systems
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
Water desalination services; water treatment services; power generation services, brine treatment services, water treatment services, namely, salt recovery services, metals recovery services Desalination units; water treatment systems, namely, clarification and thickening machines for use in treatment of liquids in the nature of water, waste water and industrial water; power generation equipment, namely, power plants; Desalination apparatus, installations, plants; apparatus for reverse osmosis; water filtration machines, effluent treatment machines to separate water from contaminants; polymeric membranes, cross-linked polymeric membranes in sheet form, polymeric porous membranes in sheet form all for use in the separation of fluids; water filtration units for brine treatment, salt recovery and metals recovery; membrane filter cartridges for purification purposes
84.
MODULAR APPARATUS FOR A SALTWATER DESALINATING SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR USING SAME
The present disclosure is directed at a modular apparatus for a saltwater desalinating system, and a method for using same. The apparatus includes multiple internal modules that are compressively coupled to each other. Each of the internal modules includes a pair of rigid end plates located at opposing ends of the internal module, and a stack of membrane bounded compartments that are layered from one of the end plates to the other. The modular apparatus can be used in a membrane based desalination system, which includes concentration difference energy systems, electrodialysis reversal systems, and membrane distillation systems. The modular apparatus helps to mitigate problems such as leakage and buckling in such systems, and can be used to increase membrane packing density and, accordingly, desalination efficiency.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C02F 1/00 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
C02F 1/46 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
17 - Rubber and plastic; packing and insulating materials
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
(1) Desalination equipment, namely, desalination equipment used to remove contaminants from water, or to extract metals or other constituents from water; water treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to remove contaminants from water, extract metals or other constituents from water; water treatment equipment, namely, equipment that separates or removes dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water employing an electrodialysis process; water treatment equipment, namely, equipment that separates or removes dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water employing an evaporation and condensation process; water treatment equipment, namely, equipment that separates or removes dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water employing a reverse osmosis process; water treatment equipment, namely, equipment that separates or removes dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water employing polymeric membranes; water purification equipment, namely, equipment that purifies water using an electrodialysis process, or an evaporation and condensation process, or reverse osmosis, or polymeric membranes; polymeric membranes used to separate or remove dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water and to generate electric power as a component of an electrochemical process; brine treatment equipment, namely, equipment used to remove dissolved ionic compounds and metals from water using an electrodialysis process, or an evaporation and condensation process, or reverse osmosis, or polymeric membranes; and equipment for recovering dissolved ionic compounds from water and for recovering dissolved metals from water, employing an electrodialysis process, or an evaporation and condensation process, or reverse osmosis, or polymeric membranes; power generation equipment, namely equipment used to generate electricity from salt water; equipment that generates electric power utilizing an electrochemical process that employs dissolved ionic compounds and polymeric membranes. (1) Water desalination services; water treatment services used to convert salt water into fresh water, to remove contaminants from water, to extract ionic compounds, metals or other constituents from water, to reduce the volume of water and convert salt water into solid ionic compounds; water treatment services provided to others, namely, desalinating water and purifying water employing an electrodialysis process, or an evaporation and condensation process, or reverse osmosis, or polymeric membranes; power generation services provided to others for the purposes of generating electricity from salt water, namely, generating electric power for others utilizing an electrochemical process that employs ionic compounds and polymeric membranes.
86.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DESALINATING SALTWATER WHILE GENERATING ELECTRICITY
The present disclosure is directed at methods, systems and techniques for desalinating saltwater while generating electricity. A reverse electrodialysis (RED) stack is used to generate electricity, and the generated electricity is used to desalinate saltwater in an electrodialysis reversal (EDR) stack. As the RED stack relies on a concentration difference between two ionic fluids to generate electricity, a desalination plant that incorporates the RED and EDR stacks as described herein is referred to as a concentration difference energy plant. Brine discharge from a first desalination plant, such as a reverse osmosis plant, can be partially desalinated by the concentration difference energy plant, and the partially desalinated brine may optionally be returned to the first desalination plant for further desalination. This can result in several benefits. For example, the concentration difference energy plant can remove larger ionic species, which if not removed could cause scaling in the first desalination plant.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
H01M 8/24 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
87.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DESALINATING SALTWATER USING CONCENTRATION DIFFERENCE ENERGY
Described herein are a method and system for desalinating saltwater using concentration difference energy. A "five stream" dialytic stack is described that can be used to desalinate saltwater at a relatively high recovery ratio. The dialytic stack may include, for example, one or more drive cells having a paired concentrate and a diluent-c chamber in ionic communication with a product chamber that is adjacent to an anion and a cation discharge chamber each filled with diluent-p. The drive cell applies a drive voltage across the product chamber, and when the drive voltage exceeds a desalination voltage of the product chamber, the saltwater in the product chamber is desalinated. The diluent-p may be at a lower ionic concentration than the diluent-c, which may be at a lower concentration than the concentrate. The relatively high concentrations of the concentrate and the diluent-c facilitate a relatively high recovery ratio, while the relatively low concentration of the diluent-p facilitates a relatively low desalination voltage. The dialytic stack may accept brine discharged from a first desalination plant and may use this brine as a source of the concentrate, diluent-c, or diluent-p. Alternatively, the dialytic stack may accept the brine as saltwater to be desalinated, and may then output desalinated brine back to the first desalination plant for further desalination. Processing the brine in the dialytic stack may decrease its volume, decreasing costs associated with treating or otherwise disposing of the brine.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
88.
METHOD, APPARATUS AND PLANT FOR DESALINATING SALTWATER USING CONCENTRATION DIFFERENCE ENERGY
A method and apparatus for desalinating saltwater using concentration difference energy is disclosed. In order to desalinate saltwater that is contained within a product chamber, a drive cell is used to generate a drive voltage. The product chamber has a desalination voltage such that when a sufficient voltage is applied to the product chamber, anions and cations migrate out of the product chamber, thereby desalinating the water. The sufficient voltage, which includes the drive voltage and which is equal to or greater than the desalination voltage, is applied to the product chamber, consequently effecting desalination. Beneficially, concentration difference energy can be generated using a concentrated solution, which can be generated using, for example, solar energy.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
A method and apparatus for desalinating saltwater using concentration difference energy is disclosed. In order to desalinate saltwater that is contained within a product chamber, a drive cell is used to generate a drive voltage. The product chamber has a desalination voltage such that when a sufficient voltage is applied to the product chamber, anions and cations migrate out of the product chamber, thereby desalinating the water. The sufficient voltage, which includes the drive voltage and which is equal to or greater than the desalination voltage, is applied to the product chamber, consequently effecting desalination. Beneficially, concentration difference energy can be generated using a concentrated solution, which can be generated using, for example, solar energy.
A method and apparatus for desalinating saltwater using concentration difference energy is disclosed. In order to desalinate saltwater that is contained within a product chamber, a drive cell is used to generate a drive voltage. The product chamber has a desalination voltage such that when a sufficient voltage is applied to the product chamber, anions and cations migrate out of the product chamber, thereby desalinating the water. The sufficient voltage, which includes the drive voltage and which is equal to or greater than the desalination voltage, is applied to the product chamber, consequently effecting desalination. Beneficially, concentration difference energy can be generated using a concentrated solution, which can be generated using, for example, solar energy.
C02F 1/469 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
C02F 1/42 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
