Provided is a technique with which it is possible to determine a transmission message and a transmission destination appropriately. The information processing device is provided with: a reception means which receives at least one of a reception message transmitted from at least one of a first terminal and a second terminal, communication information relating to the communication of the first terminal, and detected information detected by the first terminal and indicating an environment of the first terminal or a state of a user of the first terminal; a determination means which, on the basis of at least one of the reception message, the communication information, and the detected information that has been received by the reception means, determines a transmission message and a transmission destination of the transmission message; and a transmission means which transmits the transmission message to the transmission destination.
H04M 1/00 - Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
G08B 21/02 - Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
G08B 25/04 - Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using a single signalling line, e.g. in a closed loop
H04M 11/04 - Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems with alarm systems, e.g. fire, police or burglar alarm systems
2.
CUSTOMER SERVICE SUPPORT SYSTEM, CUSTOMER SERVICE SUPPORT SERVER, AND CUSTOMER SERVICE SUPPORT METHOD
A customer service support system 1 comprises: an input means for accepting input of at least one of identification information and vehicle information; an acquiring means which refers to a database [(A) customer information including a field recording a plurality of types of identification information, (B) a purchase history which is associated with at least one item of identification information from among the plurality of types of identification information and which indicates a history of purchasing behavior of a customer specified by the identification information, (C) vehicle information specifying a vehicle associated with at least one customer included in the customer information, and (D) a maintenance history which is associated with the vehicle information and which indicates a history of maintenance performed on the vehicle specified by the vehicle information] and which acquires information corresponding to the purchase history and the maintenance history associated with the input at least one of the identification information and the vehicle information; and an output means for outputting information to a store clerk in a store.
[Problem] To provide a guss asphalt composition which can provide improved rut resistance and can exhibit high fluidity. [Solution] This guss asphalt composition comprises 40-60 mass% of a solvent-deasphalted asphalt, 15-25 mass% of a petroleum solvent-extracted oil, 10-13 mass% of an SEBS having a styrene content of 60-70 mass%, and 13-20 mass% of a petroleum resin.
C08L 95/00 - Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar or pitch
C08L 53/02 - Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bondsCompositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
C08L 91/00 - Compositions of oils, fats or waxesCompositions of derivatives thereof
4.
AVIATION BIOFUEL BASE MATERIAL, AVIATION BIOFUEL INCLUDING SAME, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AVIATION BIOFUEL
C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
C10G 69/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one polymerisation or alkylation step
[Problem] To provide a binder composition that suppresses lowering of workability even at low temperatures. [Solution] The present invention is characterized by containing: at most 73.0 wt% of solvent extracted oil; at least 27.0 wt% of lubricant base oil; and asphalt, wherein the relationship between the content Y of said asphalt and the content X of said lubricant base oil satisfies 1.25×X-32≤ Y≤1.25×X-25.375, and Y≤-13.3×X+437.06, and the complex elastic modulus at 0°C at 0.1 rad/sec is 10.0 Pa or less.
[Problem] To provide a sample evaluation method for recycled asphalt evaluation and a recycled asphalt concrete production method that make it possible to form recycled asphalt concrete having quality that is the same as or greater than new asphalt concrete. [Solution] The present invention is characterized in that a sample for recycled asphalt evaluation is formed through the mixture of old asphalt 12 included in a recycling aggregate 1 with a recycling additive 21 for pavement recycling, the sludge content of the sample for recycled asphalt evaluation is measured, and the result of the measurement is used to evaluate the quality of the combination of the old asphalt 12 and the recycling additive 21.
C08L 95/00 - Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar or pitch
E01C 19/10 - Apparatus or plants for premixing or precoating aggregate or fillers with non-hydraulic binders, e.g. with bitumen, with resinsApparatus for premixing non-hydraulic mixtures prior to placing or for reconditioning salvaged non-hydraulic compositions
[Problem] To provide a binder composition which suppresses decrease of workability even at low temperatures. [Solution] A binder composition which is characterized by containing from 63.0% by weight to 77.0% by weight (inclusive) of a solvent extraction oil, from 20.0% by weight to 25.0% by weight (inclusive) of a lubricant base oil and from 1.0% by weight to 12.0% by weight (inclusive) of an asphalt. This binder composition is also characterized in that: the relationship between the content Y of the asphalt and the content X of the lubricant base oil satisfies Y ≥ -5/2 × X + 56; and the complex elastic modulus at 0°C at 0.1 rad/second is 10.00 Pa or less.
[Problem] To provide a heavy fuel oil C composition that exhibits an excellent lubricating ability even with a low sulfur content, that has a superb low-temperature fluidity, ignition characteristic, and caloric power, and that provides excellent fuel sealing performance. [Solution] This heavy fuel oil C composition has a sulfur content of 0.100 mass% or less, wherein the sulfur content of sulfur compounds having a boiling point equal to or higher than that of dibenzothiophene is 5-400 ppm by mass, and the heavy fuel oil C composition has a density (at 15°C) of 0.8700-0.9400 g/cm3, a kinematic viscosity (at 50°C) of 3.500-25.000 mm2/s, a pour point of at most 25.0°C, a flash point of at least 70.0°C, and a gross caloric value of at least 39,000 J/L.
A gasoline fuel composition which contains 1.0% by volume or less of benzene, 2.8-30.0% by volume of an aromatic content having 9 carbon atoms, 0.5-3.0% by volume of an aromatic content having 10 carbon atoms and an olefin content, and wherein 1.0-2.0% by volume of a linear olefin that has a double bond at an end is contained in the olefin content.
In order to provide a polymer-modified asphalt composition that exhibits both a workability-improving effect and an increased strength and increased durability on a paved roadway, the polymer-modified asphalt composition is characterized by containing, in wt%, 93.0 to 96.7% base asphalt, 3 to 5% SBS, and 0.3 to 2.0% saturated fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbons, and is further characterized in that the base asphalt contains at least one of straight asphalt, propane-deasphalted asphalt, and an aromatic heavy mineral oil.
C08L 53/02 - Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bondsCompositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
E01C 7/22 - Binder incorporated in hot state, e.g. heated bitumen
11.
GASOLINE COMPOSITION AND PRODUCTION PROCESS THEREFOR
The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a gasoline composition produced from lignocellulosic biomass, which is a plant-derived resource that does not compete with food production, and satisfying the material properties required for use in gasoline engines; and a process for producing the gasoline composition. The gasoline composition contains 0.3-10.0 vol% hemicellulose-derived pentene.
A binder composition for a light-coloured pavement, which contains a petroleum-based solvent extracted oil, a petroleum resin, a SEBS having a styrene content of 25-35% and an ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EEA) having an EA content of 10-25% and a melt mass flow rate (MFR) 5 of 0.5 g/10 mm to 2.5 g/10 mm, and is characterised in that -0.6x + 3.1 ≤ y ≤ -0.5x + 6.1 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 2.8, where the content of the SEBS is denoted by y (wt.%) and the content of the EEA is denoted by x (wt.%).
C08L 53/02 - Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bondsCompositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
C08L 57/02 - Copolymers of mineral oil hydrocarbons
C08L 91/00 - Compositions of oils, fats or waxesCompositions of derivatives thereof
13.
GAS OIL COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
A gas oil composition comprising at least 20.0% by volume total aromatic content, at least 1.0% by volume bicyclic aromatic content, at least 0.2% by volume trior higher cyclic aromatic content, no more than 18.0% by mass naphthenobenzenes, and no more than 10 ppm by mass sulfur content, and having a density (15°C) of at least 0.8200 g/cm3, and an ASTM colour of at least 0.2, characterised in that the gas oil composition is obtained by hydrogenation-desulfurisation of the stock oil described below, which contains cracked gas oil fraction: stock oil comprising at least 25.0% by volume total aromatic content, at least 15.0% by mass total naphthene content, at least 4.0% by mass bicyclic naphthene content, at least 1.0% by mass tricyclic naphthene content, and at least 0.50% by mass sulfur content, and having a 90% distillation temperature of at least 340.0°C. The gas oil composition of the present invention has excellent oxidative stability.
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
C10G 69/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of catalytic cracking in the absence of hydrogen
C07C 13/00 - Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
In the present invention, in order to achieve a point contact, a thin film solar cell has a thin film light absorbing layer (3) disposed between a transparent conducive film (4) and a back-side metal electrode layer (2), and at the interface between the back-side metal electrode layer (2) and the light absorbing layer (3), the thin film solar cell is provided with a nanoparticle dispersion layer (5) including nanoparticles (6, 6 . . . ), where at least the surface of the nanoparticles is an insulator.
H01L 31/0392 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates
H01L 31/056 - Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means the light-reflecting means being of the back surface reflector [BSR] type
H01L 31/0749 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type including a AIBIIICVI compound, e.g. CdS/CuInSe2 [CIS] heterojunction solar cells
H01L 31/075 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the potential barriers being only of the PIN type, e.g. amorphous silicon PIN solar cells
Provided is a technology that can appropriately change the band-edge potential of a photocatalyst (or semiconductor), which is able to contribute to "improvement of conversion efficiency by promoting the chemical reaction" that occurs at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface, by forming, on the semiconductor electrode surface, a semiconductor or metal material, which differs from said semiconductor and has a band gap of 4eV or less, as a film with a film thickness of 10 nm or less.
A lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) base oil selected from Group III base oils, Group IV polyalphaolefins, or a combination thereof; (b) 30 wt% or less solvency booster; (c) antioxidant selected from aminic antioxidants, phenolic antioxidants, and mixtures thereof; (d) detergent comprising (i) an alkaline earth metal salicylate having a TBN (total base number equivalent, as determined by ASTM D2896) in the range of from 50 to 150; (ii) an alkaline earth metal salicylate having a TBN in the range of from 150 to 250; and (iii) an alkaline earth metal salicylate having a TBN in the range of from 250 to 400. The lubricating oil composition of the present invention provides improved oxidation and improved piston cleanliness properties.
A thin film solar cell using an InS buffer layer is manufactured by: forming a metal backside electrode layer on a substrate; forming a p-type light absorption layer on the metal backside electrode layer; oxidizing the surface of the p-type light absorption layer; forming, as an n-type high-resistance buffer layer, an InS buffer layer on the oxidized p-type light absorption layer; and forming an n-type transparent conductive film on the InS buffer layer.
A CZTS thin-film solar cell achieving a high photoelectric conversion efficiency is provided with a substrate, a metal rear-surface electrode layer formed on the substrate, a p-type CZTS light-absorbing layer formed on the metal rear-surface electrode layer, and an n-type transparent conductive film formed on the p-type CZTS light-absorbing layer, wherein a dispersion layer of ZnS small particles is formed on the boundary of the p-type CZTS light-absorbing layer and the metal rear-surface electrode layer.
This method for producing a thin-film solar cell module involves: a rear-surface electrode layer formation step in which a rear-surface electrode layer is formed on a substrate; an alkali metal addition step in which an alkali metal is added to the rear-surface electrode layer; a light-absorbing layer formation step in which a light-absorbing layer is formed on the rear-surface electrode layer; a dividing groove formation step in which a dividing groove for dividing the light-absorbing layer is formed and the surface of the rear-surface electrode layer is exposed within the dividing groove; an alloying step in which the rear-surface electrode layer and the alkali metal are alloyed at the surface of the rear-surface electrode layer exposed within the dividing groove; and a transparent conductive film formation step in which a transparent conductive film is formed on the light-absorbing layer within the dividing groove.
Provided are: a sputtering target having superior machine workability and being able to produce a compound film primarily containing Cu and Ga; and a method for producing the sputtering target. The sputtering target has an elemental composition containing, with respect to all the metal elements in the sputtering target, 15-40 atom% of Ga and 0.1-5 atom% of Bi, the remainder comprising Cu and unavoidable impurities. The method for producing the sputtering target has a step for melting at least the elements Cu, Ga, and Bi as elemental substances or alloys containing at least two of said elements at 1050°C or higher to produce an ingot. Alternately, the method has: a step for producing a starting material powder having at least the elements Cu, Ga, and Bi as a powder of the elementary substances or of alloys containing at least two of said elements; and a step for hot working the starting material powder in a vacuum, an inert atmosphere, or a reducing atmosphere.
B22F 9/08 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
21.
THIN FILM SOLAR CELL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR
In the present invention, in order to achieve a point contact, a thin film solar cell has a thin film light absorbing layer (3) disposed between a transparent conducive film (4) and a back-side metal electrode layer (2), and at the interface between the back-side metal electrode layer (2) and the light absorbing layer (3), the thin film solar cell is provided with a nanoparticle dispersion layer (5) including nanoparticles (6, 6 …), where at least the surface of the nanoparticles is an insulator.
A stronger solar cell module in which a reinforcing bar is affixed to a frame without causing a decrease in the strength of the frame. This solar cell module (1) is provided with: a solar cell panel (10); a frame (20) for enclosing the outer edges of the solar cell panel (10); and a reinforcing bar (30) provided so as to bridge the space enclosed by the frame (20) on the rear-surface side of the solar cell panel (10). Therein, the frame (20) has a frame body (21) and an affixing part (25) extending toward the inside of the frame from the frame body (21), and the reinforcing bar (30) connects and affixes the end of the reinforcing bar (30) and the affixing part (25) of the frame (20) to one another via an affixing means.
A thin film solar cell comprises a metal rear surface electrode layer formed on a substrate, a p-type CZTS light-absorbing layer formed on the electrode layer, an n-type high-resistance buffer layer containing a zinc compound as a material and formed on the p-type CZTS light-absorbing layer, and an n-type transparent electroconductive film formed on the n-type high-resistance buffer layer. When the Cu-Zn-Sn composition ratio (atom ratio) of the p-type CZTS light-absorbing layer is represented by coordinates with the Cu/(Zn+Sn) ratio shown on the horizontal axis and the Zn/Sn ratio shown on the vertical axis, the ratio is within the region formed by connecting point A (0.825, 1.108), point B (1.004, 0.905), point C (1.004, 1.108), point E (0.75, 1.6), and point D (0.65, 1.5), and the Zn/Sn ratio of the p-type CZTS light-absorbing layer surface in the n-type high-resistance buffer layer is 1.11 or less.
Provided are: a sputtering target that is capable of forming a Cu-Ga film, which has an added Ga concentration of 1-40 at% and into which Na is well added, by a sputtering method; and a method for producing the sputtering target. The sputtering target has a component composition that contains 1-40 at% of Ga and 0.05-2 at% of Na as metal components other than F, S and Se, with the balance made up of Cu and unavoidable impurities. The sputtering target contains Na in at least one form selected from among sodium fluoride, sodium sulfide and sodium selenide, and has an oxygen content of 100-1,000 ppm.
Provided are: a sputtering target which has excellent machinability and is capable of forming a compound film that mainly contains Cu and Ga; and a method for producing the sputtering target. This sputtering target has a component composition that contains 20-40 at% of Ga and 0.1-3 at% of Sb, with the balance made up of Cu and unavoidable impurities. A method for producing this sputtering target is characterized by comprising: a step for producing a starting material powder that is obtained by pulverizing at least Cu, Ga and Sb as simple substances or an alloy that contains two or more of these elements; and a step for subjecting the starting material powder to hot forming in a vacuum, in an inert atmosphere or in a reducing atmosphere. The method for producing this sputtering target is also characterized in that Ga is contained in the starting material powder in the form of a CuGa alloy or in the form of a GaSb alloy.
A control apparatus (200) calculates transition in the estimated amount of power to be stored in a storage battery (120), when power is to be supplied continuously from a power-distribution grid (300) to the storage battery (120), on the basis of transition in the estimated amount of power to be generated by a power generation unit (160), transition in the estimated amount of power to be supplied by a power supplying unit (110), and the current amount of power stored in the storage battery (120). When existence of a first point of time, which is the point of time when the estimated amount of power stored starts to exceed a first reference capacity, is indicated in the transition of the estimated amount of power to be stored in the storage battery (120), the control apparatus (200) sets a power-reduction time slot, which is a time slot during which power is not supplied from the power-distribution grid (300) to the storage battery (120), and sets the point of time when the power-reduction time slot ends as the first point of time.
[Problem] To prevent the breakage of the ends of a back substrate during the step of laminating a solar cell module in which a power generating element is layered between a cover glass and the back substrate. [Solution] The present invention provides a solar cell module (1) including: a planar, quadrangular cover glass (11) serving as the light-receiving surface; a quadrangular back substrate (14) having the four corners thereof cut off; a power generating element (13) layered between the cover glass and the back substrate; and a filler (12) that bonds the above. The present invention also provides a method for producing a solar cell module (1) with a laminating device including a heater plate and a diaphragm which are provided inside a chamber, the method involving: a step of placing, on the heater plate, an object to be processed prepared by successively layering a cover glass (11), a power generating element (13), and a back substrate (14) and sandwiching a filler (12) between the cover glass (11) and the back substrate (14), and then depressurizing the chamber; a step of heating the object to be processed with the heater plate; and a step of pressurizing the object to be processed with the diaphragm from the side of the back substrate (14).
[Problem] To provide a fixture that makes it possible to lay solar-cell modules without gaps and makes installation easy. [Solution] A fixture for adjacently laying a plurality of solar-cell modules (1) on a mount (2), said solar-cell modules each including a frame (12) provided with: a frame body that frames a solar-cell sub-module (11); a support part (123) that protrudes toward the mount (2) from the edge of the frame body; and a plate-shaped base part (124) that protrudes inward from the bottom end of the support part (123) and is placed on an installation surface. Said fixture is an insertion-style bracket (3) that has: a clamp part (31) that clamps the base part (124) of a solar-cell module in a hooking groove (32) having a U-shaped cross-section; a flange (34) that extends in the direction of an adjacent solar-cell module (1) from the end of the clamp part (31) underneath the base part (124) of the first solar-cell module (1); and a hooking retainer (33) that protrudes from one end of the clamp part (31) and abuts against the support part (123) of the solar-cell module (1) from the outside thereof, preventing the fixture from becoming detached.
Provided is a solar cell module which has excellent withstand load properties and excellent impact resistance properties. A solar cell module (30) of the present invention, which is installed on a mount (13), is characterized by comprising a solar cell panel (11) that is provided with a solar cell element and a projection (34) that is fitted on a non-light-receiving surface of the solar cell panel (11). The solar cell module (30) is also characterized in that the projection (34) is fitted to the solar cell panel (11) so that a gap (36) is formed between the projection (34) and the mount (13), and when a predetermined amount of load or more is applied to the light-receiving surface of the solar cell module (30), the solar cell panel (11) bends, thereby bringing the mount (13) and the projection (34) into contact with each other.
SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ B.V. (Netherlands)
SHOWA SHELL SEKIYU K.K. (Japan)
Inventor
Germaine, Gilbert Robert Bernard
Wedlock, David John
Abstract
The present invention provides a lubricating composition comprising a base oil and one or more additives, wherein the base oil comprises a residual Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and wherein the lubricating composition has a kinematic viscosity at 0°C (according to ASTM D 445) of above 16.3 cSt.
Disclosed is a CIS thin film solar cell (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention, in which a backside electrode layer (14) that is divided by a pattern 1 (P1), a CIS light absorption layer (16), and a transparent conductive film are sequentially formed on a substrate (12). The CIS thin film solar cell (10) is characterized in that: the backside electrode layer (14) comprises an intermediate layer (20) on the surface that is in contact with the CIS light absorption layer (16), said intermediate layer (20) being composed of a compound of a metal that constitutes the backside electrode layer (14) and a group VI element that constitutes the CIS light absorption layer (16); the intermediate layer (20) comprises a first intermediate layer portion (20a) which is formed on the upper surface that is parallel to the substrate (12) and a second intermediate layer portion (20b) which is formed on the lateral surface that is perpendicular to the substrate (12) and faces the pattern 1 (P1); and the film thickness of the second intermediate layer portion (20b) is larger than the film thickness of the first intermediate layer portion (20a).
Disclosed is a CIS-based thin film solar cell having a structure in which a CIS-based light absorbing layer (13), a buffer layer (14), and a transparent conductive film (15) are stacked in that order, wherein: the buffer layer (14) has a three-layer stacked structure in which a first buffer layer (141), a second buffer layer (142), and a third buffer layer (143) are stacked in that order. The first buffer layer (141) is formed from ZnS and has a thickness of 1 to 3 nm. The second buffer layer (142) is formed from a thin film having a thickness of 20nm or less, in which the composition continuously changes from ZnO to ZnS from the side towards the CIS-based light absorbing layer (13) to the side towards the transparent conductive film (15). The third buffer layer (143) is formed from ZnO and has a thickness of 100 nm or more.
Disclosed is a thin-film solar battery which has a high photoelectric conversion efficiency and is provided with a substrate (1), a rear surface electrode layer (2) formed on the substrate (1), a p-type light-absorbing layer (3) formed on the rear surface electrode layer (2), and an n-type transparent conductive film (5) formed on the p-type light-absorbing layer (3). Gaps (6) are formed at the boundary surface between the rear surface electrode layer (2) and the p-type light-absorbing layer (3).
When passing a bolt (41) through a slot (21a) formed in a first member (2) and a mounting hole (31a) formed in a second member (3), to join the two members together, a mounting bracket prevents relative misalignment in the longitudinal direction of the slot (21a) between the first member (2) and the second member (3) when using the bolt (41) and a nut (42) to join the first member (2) having a slot (21a) formed therein and the second member (3) having a mounting hole (31a) formed therein. The mounting bracket is provided with: a seating surface (11), which comes into contact on the first member (2), and on which is formed a through hole (11a) through which the bolt (41) is passed; and an insertion catch (13) that is inserted into the slot (21a) when joining the first member (2) and the second member (3), and which is formed so as to extend to the slot (21a) side from the tip part in the longitudinal direction of the slot (21a) on the seating surface (11). The width of the insertion catch (13) becomes gradually narrower from the seating surface (11) side to the tip, the width on the seating surface (11) side is greater than the width in the width direction of the slot (21a), and the tip part is narrower than the width direction of the slot (21a).
Disclosed is a process for producing a CIS-based thin-film solar cell, comprising the steps of forming an alkali-control layer on a high-strain-point glass substrate, forming a back electrode layer on the alkali-control layer, forming a CIS-based light-absorbing layer on the back electrode layer, and forming an n-type transparent conductive film on the CIS-based light-absorbing layer, wherein the alkali-control layer is formed in such a thickness that the thermal diffusion of an alkali metal contained in the high-strain-point glass substrate into the CIS-based light-absorbing layer can be accepted, and the alkali metal is added to the CIS-based light-absorbing layer from the outside in addition to the thermal diffusion from the high-strain-point glass substrate.
SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ B.V. (Netherlands)
SHOWA SHELL SEKIYU K.K. (Japan)
Inventor
Colbourne, David
Selby, Keith
Shinoda, Noriaki
Abstract
The present invention provides a lubricating composition comprising a base oil and one or more additives, the lubricating composition comprising at least : - from 40.0 to 60.0 wt.% of a mineral derived Group I base oil, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, and - from 10.0 to 40.0 wt.% of a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, wherein the lubricating composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (according to ASTM D 445} of below 26.1 cSt.
C10M 111/04 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
Disclosed is a CIS-based thin film solar cell having high photoelectric conversion efficiency. The CIS-based thin film solar cell comprises a high-strain-point glass substrate (1), an alkali-controling layer (2), a rear electrode layer (3), a p-type CIS-based light-absorptive layer (4), and n-type transparent conductive film (6) laminated in this order, wherein the alkali-controling layer (2) comprises a silica film having a film thickness of 2.00 to 10.00 nm and a refractive index of 1.450 to 1.500.
H01L 31/04 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
H01L 21/363 - Deposition of semiconductor materials on a substrate, e.g. epitaxial growth using physical deposition, e.g. vacuum deposition, sputtering
SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ B.V. (Netherlands)
SHOWA SHELL SEKIYU K.K. (Japan)
Inventor
Felix-Moore, Allison
Lange, Jean-Paul
Smith, Johanne
Price, Richard, John
Abstract
The present invention provides a composition comprising component A and at least one component selected from components B, C, D and E, wherein: component A is an alkyl alkenoate compound, or a mixture of alkyl alkenoate compounds, selected from compounds of formula (I) : wherein R1 is a linear alkenyl group containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by a methyl group, and R2 is a linear or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, with the proviso that component A has a boiling point or boiling point range within the temperature range of from 90 to 200 °C; component B is ethanol; component C is a compound of formula (II) or formula (III): wherein the R3, R4, R5 and R6 groups are independently selected from hydrogen and C1-6 hydrocarbyl groups, with the proviso that component C has a boiling point or boiling point range of at most 110 C; component D is butanol; and component E is an ether of the general formula (IV): R7-O-C(Me) 3 wherein R7 is selected from methyl, ethyl or mixtures thereof. The present invention further provides a gasoline composition comprising said composition.
SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ B.V. (Netherlands)
SHOWA SHELL SEKIYU K.K. (Japan)
Inventor
Felix-Moore, Allison
Lange, Jean-Paul
Smith, Johanne
Abstract
An unleaded gasoline composition comprising: (i) a gasoline base fuel; and (ii) component A, wherein component A is an alkyl alkenoate compound, or a mixture of alkyl alkenoate compounds, selected from compounds of formula I: wherein R1 is a linear alkenyl group containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by a methyl group, and R2 is a linear or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The gasoline composition of the present invention exhibits good lubricity.
C10L 10/08 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricityUse of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing wear
C10L 10/10 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
The present invention provides a lubricating oil containing a base oil in which the naphthene component (%CN) is from 30 to 60, the aromatic component (%CA) is less than 10, and the remaining portion is a paraffin component (%CP).
Disclosed is a solar cell module provided with a favorable edge space that prevents solar cell module characteristics from decreasing, without complicating the processing of said solar cell module. A first ablation means using a first amount of energy ablates the first layer from a solar cell module that has, at least, a glass substrate, a first layer formed on top of the glass substrate, and a second layer formed on top of the first layer. This creates a first edge space, in which there is no first layer, between the edge of the first layer and the edge of the glass substrate. A second ablation means using a second amount of energy ablates the second layer, thereby creating a second edge space, in which there is no second layer, between the edge of the second layer and the edge of the glass substrate. The second edge space is characterized by being wider than the first edge space.
Disclosed is a solar cell module provided with a favorable edge space that prevents solar cell module characteristics from decreasing, without complicating the processing of said solar cell module. The solar cell module has, at least, a glass substrate, a first layer formed on top of the glass substrate, and a second layer formed on top of the first layer. A method for manufacturing said solar cell module has: a step that ablates the first layer and the second layer by just a first width from the edge of the glass substrate, thereby forming a first edge space having a width equal to the first width; and a step that ablates just the second layer by just a second width from the edge of the glass substrate, thereby forming a second edge space. The second edge space is characterized by being wider than the first edge space.
Disclosed is a solar cell obtained by adding an underside electrode layer that is effective in addressing the issues of fill factor improvement and yield loss in solar cells, and a manufacturing method therefor. A thin film compound solar cell, which has a metallic underside electrode layer comprising molybdenum laminated onto a glass substrate, is characterized in that the aforementioned metallic underside electrode layer is formed as film with a reflectivity that falls within the range of 10% to 35% on the aforementioned glass substrate by sputtering.
Lubricating composition comprising: (i) one or more additives; (ii) at least 25 % by weight of a first Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 6 mm2/s to 10 mm2/s; and (iii) at least 10% by weight of a thickener selected from a second Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 15 mm2/s to 30 mm2/s, brightstock, deasphalted cylinder oil (DACO), polyisobutylenes and mixtures thereof; wherein the lubricating composition has a TBN of at least 20 mg KOH/g and a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at least 9 mm2/s. The lubricating composition of the present invention provides excellent lubricant-fuel compatibility.
C10M 107/02 - Hydrocarbon polymersHydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
C10M 111/04 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
C10M 169/06 - Mixtures of thickeners and additives
C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
Lubricating composition comprising: (i) one or more additives; (ii) at least 5 % by weight of a Fischer-Tropsch derived heavy base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 15 mm2/s to 30 mm2/s; wherein the lubricating composition has a TBN of at least 10 and a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at least 12 mm2/s. The lubricating composition provides excellent oxidative stability and is useful for lubricating 4-stroke marine engines.
SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ B.V. (Netherlands)
SHOWA SHELL SEKIYU K.K. (Japan)
Inventor
Colbourne, David
Wedlock, David John
Abstract
The present invention provides a lubricating composition comprising a base oil and one or more additives, wherein the composition has: - a dynamic viscosity at -30°C (according to ASTM D 5293) of below 6600 cP; - a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (according to ASTM D 445) of at least 9.3 cSt; - a high temperature, high shear viscosity ("HTHS"; according to ASTM D 4683) of at least 2.9 cP; - a Noack volatility (according to ASTM D 5800) of below 14 wt.%; wherein the base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (according to ASTM D 445) of at least 4.8 cSt.
SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ B.V. (Netherlands)
SHOWA SHELL SEKIYU K.K. (Japan)
Inventor
Evans, Stephen, Pugh
Abstract
The present invention provides a lubricating composition comprising a base oil and one or more additives, wherein the base oil comprises a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and wherein the composition has a kinematic viscosity at 40°C (according to ASTM D445) of above 150 mm2/s, preferably above 180 mm2/s. The lubricating composition according to the present invention can be used in order to improve one or more of oxidation resistance, sludge generation, gear wear and friction reduction properties.
Provided is a copper indium selenide (CIS) thin-film solar cell which achieves a high photoelectric conversion rate, wherein steps are provided for forming a back electrode layer on a substrate, for forming a p-type CIS light absorption layer thereon, and for forming an n-type transparent conductive film. The step for forming the p-type CIS light absorption layer includes a step for forming a metal precursor film (30a) provided with at least first metal layers (31,32) including group I elements and a second metal layer (33) including group III elements and a step in which the metal precursor film is selenized and/or sulfurized. The step for forming the metal precursor film includes a step for forming either the first metal layers (31,32) or the second metal layer (33) with at least two layers of the layer (31) containing alkali metal and the layer (32) essentially not containing alkali metal.
Disclosed is a manufacturing method of a copper indium selenide (CIS) thin-film solar cell in which alkali elements are added to a light absorption layer easily and with superior controllability, and a high photoelectric conversion rate is achieved, wherein a back electrode layer (2) is formed on a substrate (1), a p-type CIS light absorption layer (3) is formed on the back electrode layer, and an n-type transparent conductive film (5) is formed on the p-type CIS light absorption layer (3). The back electrode layer (2) is formed with a first electrode layer (21) by using a back electrode material with an alkali metal mixed in, and is formed with a second electrode layer (22) by using a back electrode material which essentially does not include the alkali metal.
SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ B.V. (Netherlands)
SHOWA SHELL SEKIYU K.K. (Japan)
Inventor
Berentsen, Peter Marinus
Clark, Richard Hugh
Holland, Steven Philip
Stevenson, Paul Anthony
Wardle, Robert Wilfred Matthews
Wilbrand, Karsten
Abstract
Use of a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component in a fuel composition, to reduce the rate of accumulation of acidic components in a lubricant fluid present in an internal combustion engine which is running, or is intended to be run, on the fuel composition. The Fischer- Tropsch derived fuel component may also be used to reduce the oxidation and/or nitration rate in the lubricant fluid, to reduce the rate of acid-induced engine wear in the engine and/or to reduce the frequency of lubricant fluid changes in the engine. The fuel composition is preferably a diesel fuel composition.
Provided are a solar cell module which enables the secure attachment of a ribbon wire to an electrode without solder and reductions in manufacturing process and manufacturing cost, and a method for manufacturing the same. A solar cell module is provided with a solar cell sub-module (1) in which a band-shaped electrode (S) is formed, a ribbon wire (2) attached to the electrode (S), a cover glass (4) attached onto the solar cell sub-module (1) while covering the electrode (S), and a filler (3) filled between the solar cell sub-module (1) and the cover glass (4) and bonding and holding the solar cell sub-module (1) and the cover glass (4). The ribbon wire (2) is attached onto the electrode (S) by being bonded thereto by an intermittently applied conductive paste (5). The ribbon wire (2) is attached in surface contact with the electrode (S) of the solar cell sub-module (1) by being sandwiched between the solar cell sub-module (1) and the cover glass (4) which are bonded and held by the filler (3).
The present invention provides a lubricating composition comprising a base oil and one or more additives, wherein the composition has a heat capacity (according to ASTM E 1269) at 90°C of above 2.25 J/g°C. In a further aspect the present invention provides a method of improving one or more of friction reduction, pressure-viscosity coefficient and energy efficiency properties.
C10M 107/02 - Hydrocarbon polymersHydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
C10M 107/10 - Hydrocarbon polymersHydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation containing aliphatic monomer having more than 4 carbon atoms
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
C10M 171/02 - Specified values of viscosity or viscosity index
C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
[PROBLEMS] To provide a highly efficient solar battery which has been improved in pn hetero junction interfacial properties without increasing series resistance. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A CIS-type thin film solar battery comprising a p-type CIS-type light absorbing layer, a buffer layer, and an n-type transparent electroconductive film stacked in that order. The buffer layer is a laminated structure comprising two or more layers including first and second buffer layers. The first buffer layer in contact with the p-type CIS-type light absorbing layer is formed of a compound containing cadmium (Cd) or zinc (Zn) or indium (In). The second buffer layer in contact with the first buffer layer is a thin film of zinc oxide. The thickness of the first buffer layer is brought to not more than 20 nm, and the thickness of the second buffer layer is brought to not less than 100 nm.
[PROBLEMS] To provide a highly efficient solar battery which has been improved in pn hetero junction interfacial properties without increasing series resistance. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A CIS-type thin film solar battery comprising a light absorbing layer (13), a high resistance buffer layer (14), and a window layer (15) stacked in that order. A first buffer layer (141) in contact with the light absorbing layer (13) is formed of a compound containing cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) or indium (In). A second buffer layer (142) in contact with the first buffer layer (141) is formed of a zinc oxide-type thin film. A third buffer layer (143) isformed so as to cover the end face exposed by forming a wiring pattern (P2) in the light absorbing layer (13), the first buffer layer (141), and the second buffer layer (142), and the upper end face of the second buffer layer (142). The third buffer layer (143) is formed of a zinc oxide-type thin film.
A battery replacement device for facilitating a series of processes of replacement, charging, and storage of batteries. The battery replacement device (3) is adapted to replace a battery unit (2) used as at least a part of power sources of a transportation means (1) and is constructed to be mountable and removable from the transportation means (1). The device has unit mounting and removing sections (31, 32) for removing the battery unit (2) from the transportation means (1) and mounting a new battery unit (2X) on the transportation means (1), a unit storage section (33) for sequentially storing therein battery units (2) removed by the unit mounting and removing sections (31, 32), a charging section for charging the battery units (2) stored in the unit storage section (33), and a conveying section for conveying, as a new battery unit (2X) to be mounted on the transportation means (1), a battery unit (2), charged by the charging section, to the unit mounting and removing sections (31, 32).
B60L 11/18 - using power supplied from primary cells, secondary cells, or fuel cells
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
56.
MOUNTING BASE FOR SOLAR CELL MODULE, AND MOUNTING STRUCTURE
[PROBLEMS] Provided are a mounting base on which a solar cell module can be firmly and easily fixed and a mounting structure. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A mounting base (1) for mounting a frame-less solar cell module (4) on a mounting surface and a mounting structure using the mounting base (1) are provided. The mounting base (1) has a base (2) placed on the mounting surface and also has a fixing plate (3) mounted on the base (2). The base (2) has a module support section (23) for supporting the frame-less solar cell module (4). The fixing plate (3) has a slope section (32) having a predetermined angle relative to the module support section (23) of the base (2) and also has a fixing section (33) parallel to the module support section (23). A gap (10) for holding the frame-less solar cell module (4) is formed between the module support section (23), the slope section (32), and the fixing section (33). The frame-less solar cell module (4) is fixed to the mounting base (1), held in the gap (10).
A treatment object containing any one of Cu/Ga, Cu/In, and Cu-Ga/In is held in a heated state at a temperature T1 for a time ﶴt1 in such a state that a selenium source is introduced, thereby forming a selenide. Thereafter, a sulfur source is introduced to replace the atmosphere in the system with a sulfur atmosphere. In this state, the treatment object is held in a heated state at a temperature T2 for a time ﶴt2. The temperature of the treatment object is then decreased to T3, and, at that temperature, the treatment object is held in a heated state for a time ﶴt3.
This aims to provide a laminated structure and an integrated structure of a high production efficiency for a CIS-family thin-film solar cell, which can produce a highly resistive buffer layer of the CIS-family thin-film solar cell efficiently on a series of production lines and which needs no treatment of wastes or the like, and a manufacturing method for the structures. The CIS-family thin-film solar cell has a back electrode, a p-type CIS-family optically absorptive layer, a highly resistive buffer layer and an n-type transparent conductive film laminated sequentially in the recited order. The highly resistive buffer layer and the n-type transparent conductive film are formed of thin films of a zinc oxide group. The buffer layer contacts the p-type CIS-family optically absorptive layer directly, and has a resistivity of 500 Ω cm or higher.
Provided is a terminal box, which protects a lead line of a frameless solar cell module from external moisture and the like and easily connects the solar cell modules to each other. An attaching structure of a solar cell module having such terminal box is also provided. The terminal box is provided for a frameless solar cell having no frame for protecting a substrate glass and a cover glass from external forces. The terminal box is connected to an electrode for taking out power generated by receiving light, and a lead line for outputting the power to the external is led out from an end portion of the solar cell module. The terminal box is provided with a bonding section to be bonded to a side end portion of the solar cell module; an output terminal, which is electrically connected to the lead line to output the power obtained from the electrode of the solar cell module to the external through the lead line; and a connecting section for connecting the terminal box to a prescribed external connector.
A solar cell base body is attached to a frame smoothly and without being damaged. At the time of attaching the solar cell base body, a sealing material applied in a guide groove of the frame is prevented from protruding to the surface of the solar cell base body. Furthermore, the solar cell base body and the frame are stably fixed even when the solar cell module is at a high temperature and the sealing material is softened. The solar cell module is composed of the solar cell base body, the frame to be attached to the solar cell base body, and a spacer to be attached to the frame. The frame is provided with at least a first base body supporting section for sandwiching the solar cell base body from the front surface, and a second base body supporting section for sandwiching the solar cell base body from the rear surface. A guide groove for inserting the solar cell base body is formed between the first base body supporting section and the second base body supporting section. The spacers are attached to the second base body supporting section at prescribed intervals.
[PROBLEMS] To regulate the uptake of sulfur in a process of forming a light absorbing layer in a CIS thin-film solar cell. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A method for forming a p-type CIS light absorbing layer in a CIS thin-film solar cell, which is a pn hetero junction device having a substrate structure comprising a glass substrate, a metal backside electrode layer, a p-type CIS light absorbing layer, an n-type high-resistance buffer layer, an n-type transparent electroconductive film window layer stacked in that order. The method comprises a selenization step of stacking the metal backside electrode layer on the glass substrate and holding a treatment object comprising a metal precursor film stacked on the metal backside electrode layer at a predetermined temperature for a given period of time with a selenium source for selenization, and a sulfidization step of raising the temperature from the predetermined temperature in the selenization step and holding the assembly at a predetermined temperature for a given period of time with a sulfur source for sulfidization. The uptake of sulfur in the p-type CIS light absorbing layer is regulated by varying the difference in temperature ﶴT between the selenization step and the sulfidization step.
[PROBLEMS] To provide a frameless solar cell module that is reduced in weight and cost by eliminating a frame and maintains good weatherability by preventing entry of moisture into the module from the outside, and a method of manufacturing the solar cell module. [MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS] The frameless solar cell module has a sub-module having substrate glass, a thin-film solar cell device formed on the substrate glass, cover glass mounted on the light receiving surface side of the thin-film solar cell device, and a filler for adhering and holding the substrate glass and the cover glass together. Lamination surfaces at side ends of the sub-module are sealed with a metal sealing material.
[PROBLEMS] To provide a solar cell module which, although of a frameless type, has excellent weatherability that prevents entry of moisture into a CIS thin-film solar cell device, preventing a reduction in power generation efficiency, and a method of manufacturing the solar cell module. [MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS] The solar cell module has substrate glass (11), the CIS thin-film solar cell device (12) formed on the substrate glass (11), cover glass (14) mounted on the light receiving surface side of the CIS thin-film solar cell device (12), and a filler (13) for adhering and holding the substrate glass (11) and the cover glass (14) together. An edge space (S) in which the CIS thin-film solar cell device (12) is not formed is provided in a region from an end of the CIS thin-film solar cell device (12) to an end of the substrate glass (11) and to an end of the cover glass (14).
[PROBLEMS] To connect respective batch steps for depositing thin film layers collectively on a predetermined unit number of substrates in an in-line type by eliminating the difference in processing speed in the fabrication process of a CIS based thin film solar cell comprising steps for depositing the thin films such as a metal backside electrode layer, a p-type CIS based light absorption layer, an n-type high resistance buffer layer, and an n-type transparent conductive film window layer. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] The fabrication process of a CIS based solar cell submodule comprising steps for depositing a metal backside electrode layer, a p-type CIS based light absorption layer, an n-type high resistance buffer layer, and an n-type transparent conductive film window layer sequentially on a substrate is characterized in that a line buffer for storing the substrate temporarily is provided on the prestage of each film deposition step.
[PROBLEMS] To restrain such a situation as a buffer layer can not cover a low resistance semi-metallic phase on the surface of a light absorption layer by removing matters adhering to the surface of a CIS based light absorption layer and the buffer layer, and to enhance the characteristics of a CIS based thin film solar cell device, i.e. the curve factor and the conversion efficiency, by sustaining transparency and high resistance at a part covered with the buffer layer. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A prerinse step P4 is provided before a buffer layer film deposition step P5, and coating performance of the buffer layer is enhanced while sustaining transparency by removing matters adhering to the surface of a CIS based light absorption layer 3D thereby removing the disturbance factor in production reaction of the buffer layer. A rinse step P6 is provided after the step P5 and high resistivity is sustained by removing colloidal solid matters remaining on the surface of the buffer layer using rinse liquid. Rinse liquid from a second rinse tank in the P6 step is reused. A water cut/dry step P7 is provided after the step P6, and an n-type window layer (transparent conductive film) is deposited after drying.
[PROBLEMS] To provide a durable generation element by preventing erosion by water or salt even on a ship, on the ocean, or at the coast where the generation element easily gets wet, so as to prevent lowering of the electric output of the generation element. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A durable solar battery module includes: a solar battery sub module (110) having a rear surface film (112), a CIS-based solar battery substrate (111), and a surface glass (114) which are layered in this order; and a frame (120) for fixing the solar battery sub module (110) on a mounting surface. An edge space S is arranged between the end of the solar battery sub module (110) and the CIS-based solar battery substrate (111).
The object of the present invention is to recover constituent members by simple low-cost processing techniques suitable for the materials thereof to thereby reduce the amount of wastes and reduce production cost. A CIS type thin-film solar cell module 1 is subjected to a pretreatment (P11-P15) for removing peripheral members therefrom to thereby take out a structure ST comprising a solar cell device part 2 and a cover glass 4 bonded thereto with an adhesive resin 3. The structure ST is heated to burn the adhesive resin 3 to separate the cover glass 4 from the structure ST (P2). A window layer 2E, a buffer layer 2D, and a light absorption layer 2C are scraped off from the device part 2 (P3). Furthermore, a metallic back electrode layer 2B is removed (P3) to take out a glass substrate 2A.
The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising a base oil, an aspartic acid derivative and an aliphatic amine compound. The lubricating oil composition is ideal as an industrial lubricating oil such as for example for a hydraulic working oil in hydraulic equipment. Primary amine, secondary amine, diamine, and/or tertiary amines may be employed for the aliphatic amine compound.
C10M 141/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential
C10M 141/02 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic oxygen-containing compound
C10M 141/06 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
C10N 30/06 - OilinessFilm-strengthAnti-wearResistance to extreme pressure
C10N 30/12 - Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents, anti-corrosives
The present invention aims to provide a lubricating oil composition capable of use in for example the bearings of a high-speed main shaft having ceramics ball antif rication bearings operating under severe conditions of high speed and high load. To this end the present invention provides a lubricating oil composition, in particular for lubrication of ceramics, comprising a base oil; and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of : (i) an acid amide obtainable by reacting an amine with a saturated monocarboxylic acid having from 12 to 30 carbons or an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid having from 18 to 24 carbons; (ii) sarcosinic acid; and (iii) an aspartic acid derivative.
C10M 141/08 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
C10M 141/10 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
C10M 161/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
[PROBLEMS] To reduce the cost by decreasing the number of cables between a solar cell array and a connection box, and the number of DC input circuits of the connection box thereby decreasing the number of components, and to enhance workability during installation work by reducing the burden of wiring work and connection work to the connection box. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A current collection cable which is a cable connected with a plurality of solar cell modules and connecting the cables for deriving the output from the solar cell modules electrically in parallel, and which comprises a first connector to be coupled with a cable for deriving the output from one solar cell module, a second connector to be coupled with a cable for deriving the output from an other solar cell module, a first branch line cable for deriving the output through the first connector, a second branch line cable for deriving the output through the second connector, and an output connector coupled with a power conditioner and delivering the output from the solar cell modules through the first and second branch line cables.
The present invention aims to offer a lubricating composition with excellent heat resistance, mechanical stability, water resistance, corrosion resistance, load resistance and flame resistance. To this end the present invention suggests that from 2 to 68 % by weight of tricalcium phosphate relative to the total composition is added to a base oil, which may be a mineral oil and/or a synthetic oil. Surfactants are further added, and the whole is thoroughly mixed and kneaded to give a semi-solid lubricating composition. For the surfactants, non-ionic surfactants are most suitable, and fatty acid esters such as glycerine fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters and sucrose fatty acid esters may be used. The amount used is from 0.2 to 18 % by weight relative to the total composition.
C10M 169/06 - Mixtures of thickeners and additives
C10N 50/10 - Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solidForm in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated greasy
[PROBLEMS] To provide a safety belt mounting device that can be detachably attached to a support unit installed on the roof of a building. [MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS] This safety belt mounting device for mounting a safety belt, which is attached to a hollow support unit installed along the tilting direction of a roof and used by a worker, on the roof is characterized in that the device comprises an insertion part detachably attached to the support unit by insertion thereof into the top side opening end of the support unit, and a mounting part formed integrally with the insertion part and used for mounting the safety belt.
As transmissions have become more compact and are run under conditions of higher speeds and higher loads, the conditions of use for lubricating oils have become more severe. To this end, the invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising a metal dithiophosphate, regarded in the prior art as having low extreme-pressure characteristics, and a poly (meth) acrylate containing a polar hydroxyl group in a base oil. With this lubricating oil composition, the anti-seizing characteristics are good and the extreme-pressure characteristics are the same as or better than with sulphur/phosphorus type extreme-pressure agents. Also, the fatigue characteristics are low, oxidation stability is high and long life can be achieved.
C10M 161/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
[PROBLEMS] To provide a simple fixing structure of a solar cell module in which the fixing position of the solar cell module can be adjusted easily. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] In a structure for fixing a solar cell module (1) by means of a longitudinal material (2) arranged along the inclining direction of the fixing surface of a roof, or the like, an elongated hole (22) is formed in the longitudinal material (2) in the inclining direction of the fixing surface of a roof (60), a lateral groove (3c) is formed in a fixing metal (3) in the direction intersecting the inclining direction of the fixing surface perpendicularly, the head (30a) of a bolt (30) is slid and fitted in the lateral groove (3c), and the threaded portion (30b) of the bolt (30) is projected upward from the fixing metal (3) and fitted in the elongated hole (22) of the longitudinal material (2) before being secured in place.
[PROBLEMS] To provide a solar cell module which permits a plurality of solar cell modules to be arranged in grid or in zigzag, and can be fixed easily. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] In the fixing structure of a solar cell module (1) for fixing a plurality of solar cell modules (1), fixing holes (110, 120) for coupling vertically adjoining solar cell modules are formed at the upper and lower ends of the solar cell module. The fixing holes (110, 120) at the upper and lower ends are formed at vertically corresponding positions laterally symmetrical with respect to the center C of the solar cell module in the width direction.
[PROBLEMS] To provide a solar cell module in which a wiring cable can be routed efficiently. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A solar cell module (1) comprising a solar cell substrate (12) and a frame (11) for holding the solar cell substrate (12), wherein a lead-out hole (100) for leading out a cable (14) for transmitting power generated by the solar cell substrate (12) to the outside is formed in one side face of the frame (11), a fixing portion for mounting and fixing one end of an adjoining solar cell module (1) is formed at the upper end of the one side of the frame (11) where the lead-out hole (100) is formed, and the cable (14) led out from the lead-out hole (100) is guided and routed along the underside of the fixing portion.
[PROBLEMS] To provide an easy-to-install cover which ensures a good appearance at the fixing end when a solar cell module is fixed. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] The cover (4), for covering the lower end of a longitudinal material (2) arranged on the fixing surface in order to fix a solar cell module (1), has a fixing plate portion (401) in a quadrangular prism form opening at the lower end for fixing the lower end of the solar cell module (1), a front plate portion (405) covering the front face of the solar cell module (1), and an upper plate portion (404) connecting the upper ends of the fixing plate portion (401) and the front plate portion (405). A portion (406) for fixing a joint rod (410) used when an other cover (4) is coupled is formed at at least any one of a bend between the fixing plate portion (401) and the upper plate portion (404), a bend between the front plate portion (405) and the upper plate portion (404), and the lower end of the front plate portion (405).
[PROBLEMS] To fix a solar cell module with a good appearance, and to be able to fix and maintain the solar cell module easily and efficiently. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A decoration plate, covering the blank part at the end where a solar cell module is not arranged when rectangular solar cell modules are arranged in zigzag in a plurality of stages, has a fixing end touching the end of a solar cell module projecting in the horizontal direction of the blank part, and an engaging end touching the end of a solar cell module exposed in a direction perpendicular to the blank part. At the outer end forming the ridge line of the blank part between the upper-stage solar cell module and a lower-stage solar cell module and at the engaging end, turn-up parts engaging with a bend formed at the side end of the solar cell module are formed, respectively, and when they are inserted into the side end of the solar cell module, the turn-up parts engage with the bend of the solar cell module and are thereby fixed.
[PROBLEMS] To provide the easy-to-install fixing structure of a solar cell module in which the number of components is decreased. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A structure for fixing a solar cell module (1), comprising a solar cell substrate (12), and a frame (11) for supporting the solar cell substrate (12), by means of a longitudinal material (2) installed along the inclining direction of the mounting surface of the solar cell module (1), wherein the longitudinal material (2) is provided with engaging pieces (21) at a predetermined interval, the frame (11) is provided, at the upper end on the back thereof, with engaging portions (11d) engaging with the engaging pieces (21) and, provided respectively, at the upper and lower ends thereof, with portions for fixing the frames in an overlapping state. The engaging portion (11d) engages with the engaging piece (21) of the longitudinal material (2), and a fixing portion at the lower end of the frame of another solar cell module adjoining the solar cell module on the upper side is fixed to the fixing portion at the upper end of the frame (11) in an overlapping state.
E04D 13/18 - Roof covering aspects of energy collecting devices, e.g. including solar panels
E04D 3/40 - Slabs or sheets locally modified for auxiliary purposes, e.g. for resting on walls, for serving as gutteringElements for particular purposes, e.g. ridge elements, specially designed for use in conjunction with slabs or sheets
H01L 31/042 - PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
An electrode part having a color different from that in the other part in a module is covered and concealed without increasing the number of steps necessary for assembling a solar battery module to render the color of the whole CIS-type thin film solar battery module uniform and thus to improve the appearance. By virtue of rendering the color of a submodule (3) and the color of the submodule in its electrode part (3A) identical to each other, a solar battery module (1) has a good appearance. A black ceramic layer (7) having a color substantially identical to that in the submodule (3) is formed on the backside (lower surface) of the edge in a cover glass (4). The silvery white electrode part (3A) provided on the outer periphery of the submodule (3) is covered and concealed by the black ceramic layer (7). As a result, the whole module (1) has a uniform color and thus has an improved appearance. The black ceramic layer (7) is baked by taking advantage of heat in strengthening by heat treatment of the cover glass (4).
The present invention aims to obtain a lubricating oil composition which has good rust-preventing properties in lubricating oil compositions, among them the generality of industrial lubricating oils using highly refined base oils, and in particular machine oils, hydraulic oils, turbine oils, compressor oils, gear oils and bearing oils, and which also has excellent energy-saving characteristics through having a low friction coefficient. To this end an aspartic acid derivative and a fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol are incorporated as additives in a base oil of e.g. mineral oil or synthetic oil type. By this means, a lubricating oil composition having excellent rust-preventing properties, reduced friction coefficient and excellent energy-saving properties and so being suitable for industrial lubricating oils can be obtained. Also, by further adding an epoxy compound and by adding also a fatty acid amine, it is possible to obtain a lubricating oil composition even more endowed with rust-preventing properties and energy-saving properties.
C10M 141/06 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups , each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
C10N 30/06 - OilinessFilm-strengthAnti-wearResistance to extreme pressure
C10N 30/12 - Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents, anti-corrosives
A sealing material is eliminated by using an absorbent, water and gases such as oxygen are absorbed by a simple and low cost structure or manufacturing method, and durability of a solar cell module is improved by preventing deterioration of the solar cell module. An absorbent (9) is arranged at the periphery of upper and lower glass substrates, namely, a cover glass (4) and a glass substrate (2A) whereupon a solar cell sub-module (light generating layer) (3) is formed. Since the absorbent absorbs water or gases such as oxygen and the like that entered from an opening at the glass substrate periphery and/or generated in a space in side the two glass substrates, and that the absorbent has sealing effects, deterioration of the solar cell module is prevented. The type of the solar cell device is applicable to all the devices, including a CIS thin film, that do not use a lower glass and have a filler on the back side surface.
The present invention provides a grease composition for use in constant velocity joints, having improved wear resistance and endurance characteristics. The grease is made by incorporating in a urea grease (A) a molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate, (B) a molybdenum dithiophosphate, (C) 2- (4-morpholinyldithio) benzothiazole and (D) a calcium sulphonate. The blended amount of (A) + (B) is made not more than 10% by weight, and that of (C) and (D) not more than 3% by weight respectively. Also, a grease for use in constant velocity joints is made by further adding (E) zinc dithiophosphate to the aforementioned components (A) + (B) + (C) + (D) in a blended amount of not more than 3% by weight.
C10M 169/06 - Mixtures of thickeners and additives
F16D 3/20 - Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
C10M 115/08 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof containing nitrogen
C10M 135/10 - Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
C10M 135/18 - Thio-acidsThiocyanatesDerivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
C10M 135/36 - Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen
C10N 50/10 - Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solidForm in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated greasy
84.
IMPROVED DURABILITY TEST METHOD OF CIS BASED THIN FILM SOLAR CELL MODULE
Such characteristics of a CIS based thin film solar cell module as conversion efficiency and the like are recovered by irradiation with weak light are evaluated. While sustaining the temperature, humidity and storage time, as they are, in the conventional high temperature high humidity storage test conditions (storage in dark for 1,000 hours at temperature of 85 °C, and relative humidity of 85%) of the CIS based thin film solar cell module, the solar cell module is irradiated continuously during a test period while regulated the intensity of a light source (1E) is regulated such that the light from a false solar light irradiator (solar simulator)(1D) has a weak light irradiance corresponding to the quantity of sunlight in a cloudy day, i.e. 100-300 W/m2. Consequently, such characteristics that the module (2') stored under open state does not show significant deterioration even after elapsing 1,000 hours can be evaluated appropriately.
Aesthetic characteristic is enhanced and advertisement effect is attained by displaying a pattern, or the like, inexpensively by a simple fabrication process without lowering reliability and conversion efficiency of a module. A display pattern resin film (F) with a clipped display pattern is sandwiched between a CIS based thin film solar cell submodule (2) and a crosslinking EVA resin film (3) functioning as adhesive, and the display pattern (P) by the film (F) is displayed on the surface of a thin film solar cell module (1) while holding adhesion of the film (F) between the submodule (2) and a cover glass (4) by the EVA resin film (3). The region (F1) where the film (F) does not exist is displayed by the original color of the module, i.e. black, and the region (F1) where the film (F) does not exist is displayed by a color different from the original color of the module, i.e. gray.
A conductor electrode and a ribbon conductor wire provided on a glass substrate are reliably and strongly connected to each other without breaking at low cost. An In solder covered copper foil ribbon conductor wire (1) comprising a not more than 300 쎽m-thick copper foil or tin plated copper foil (2) covered with a not more than 100 쎽m-thick In solder (3) (100 to 90% In and 10 to 0% Ag) on its one side (the other side(s) being optionally covered with the solder in a much smaller thickness) is mounted on an exposed part in an Mo metal backside electrode layer (4B) provided on a glass substrate (4A). An ultrasonic soldering iron (5) is pressed against the upper surface of the copper foil ribbon conductor wire (1) to melt the In solder (3) and thus to connect the copper foil ribbon conductor wire (1) to the electrode layer (4B). Alternatively, a method may also be adopted in which, after an In solder (3) (having the same composition as described above) is previously soldered to the electrode layer (4B), a ribbon-shaped copper foil or tin plated copper foil (2) is mounted on the solder followed by connection of the copper foil (2) to the electrode layer (4B) with an ultrasonic soldering iron (5).
This invention provides a solar battery module having long-term durability at low cost. The CIS-type thin-film solar battery module (1) comprises a glass substrate (2A), a CIS-type thin-film solar battery circuit (2) provided on the glass substrate (2A), and a cover glass (4) formed of, for example, an inexpensive and durable white-plate semi-reinforced glass and applied to the CIS-type thin-film solar battery circuit (2). The adhesive is in a heat crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate (hereinafter referred to as 旜EVA”) resin film (3) (or sheet). When an EVA resin film (3) is used, the amount of the EVA resin used is reduced. In the crosslinking, gas generated from an EVA resin film is absorbed by vacuum suction to prevent the occurrence of bubbles and the like. A large-capacitance electric storage device (9) is provided on the glass substrate on its side remote from a circuit installation face, and photovoltaic power thereof is stored.
A float blue plate glass substrate in its Sn-free air face is identified rapidly and accurately, and the air face is arranged so as to face upward. A CIS-type thin film solar battery device is formed on the air face to improve the conversion efficiency and yield and to reduce the production cost. The surface of the glass substrate is exposed to ultraviolet light. When light is emitted, this face is identified (P1) as an Sn-containing float face (B) to put a mark (P2) indicating the presence of Sn on the float face. When an air face (A) having no mark indicating the presence of Sn faces upward, the substrate is passed in this state through washing and drying steps followed by the formation of a CIS-type thin film solar battery device on the air face (A). On the other hand, when the float face (B) faces upward, the substrate is turned upside down (P3) and is passed through washing and drying steps (P4), followed by the formation of a CIS-type thin film solar battery device (P5) on the air face (A) which faces upward.
Research Association of Refinery Integration for Group Operation (Japan)
Inventor
Nakashima, Norihiro
Kuwbara, Masayoshi
Higo, Manabu
Kobayashi, Hiroyuki
Abstract
A method which controls sedimentation occurring at a heat exchanger for cooling hydrodesulfurization/hydrocracking residue containing asphaltenes at a high content and thereby prevents fouling of the heat exchanger is disclosed. A method for preventing fouling of a heat exchanger for cooling hydrodesulfurization/hydrocracking residue, which injects flux oil into hydrodesulfurization/hydrocracking residue containing asphaltenes at 1% by mass or more, wherein the flux oil is at least one species of residue selected from the group consisting of crude vacuum distillation residue and fluidized catalytic cracking residue, and injected into the hydrodesulfurization/hydrocracking residue to control its actual sediment content at 0.2% by mass or less, determined in accordance with IP-375 is also disclosed.
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C10G 17/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds, or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
90.
METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY DEPOSITING HIGH RESISTANCE BUFFER LAYER/WINDOW LAYER (TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILM) OF CIS BASED THIN FILM SOLAR CELL AND CONTINUOUS FILM DEPOSITION EQUIPMENT FOR CARRYING OUT THAT METHOD
A method for continuously depositing a high resistance buffer layer and a window layer (transparent conductive film) by MOCVD method in which output characteristics equivalent to those in conventional solution growth method can be attained while simplifying the method and equipment for film deposition and sharply reducing production costs by reducing the material cost and the waste treatment cost. Since a multilayer structure is formed continuously in the order of a high resistance buffer layer (1D) and a window layer (1E) by MOCVD on the light absorbing layer (1C) of a solar cell semi-finished substrate where a metal rear surface electrode layer (1B) and the light absorbing layer (1C) are deposited sequentially on a glass substrate (1A), film deposition method and equipment are simplified and the material cost and the waste treatment cost can be reduced.
H01L 21/205 - Deposition of semiconductor materials on a substrate, e.g. epitaxial growth using reduction or decomposition of a gaseous compound yielding a solid condensate, i.e. chemical deposition
91.
METHOD FOR PREVENTING FOULING OF A HEAT EXCHANGER FOR COOLING RESIDUE FROM A HYDRODESULFURIZATION/HYDROCRACKING PROCESS
RESEARCH ASSOCIATION OF REFINERY INTEGRATION FOR GROUP-OPERATION (Japan)
Inventor
Nakashima, Norihiro
Kuwabara, Masayoshi
Higo, Manabu
Kobayashi, Hiroyuki
Abstract
A method which controls sedimentation occurring at a heat exchanger for cooling hydrodesulfurization/ hydrocracking residue containing asphaltenes at a high content and thereby prevents fouling of the heal exchanger is disclosed. A method for preventing fouling, of a heat exchanger for cooling hydrodesulfurization/hydrocracking residue, which injects flux oil info hydrodesulfurization/hydrocracking residue containing asphaltenes at 1% by mass or more, wherein the flux oil is at least one species of residue selected from the group consisting of crude vacuum distillation residue and fluidized catalytic cracking residue, and injected into the hydrodesulfurization/hydrocracking residue to control its actual sediment content at 0.2% by mass or less, determined in. accordance with TP-375 is also disclosed.
C10G 75/04 - Inhibiting corrosion or fouling in apparatus for treatment or conversion of hydrocarbon oils, in general by addition of antifouling agents
patents
