Anode tab extensions, and associated articles and methods are generally described. Methods for electrically coupling anode portions within electrochemical devices, and associated articles and systems, are generally described. In some cases, an electrically non-conductive layer is disposed between multiple anode portions that are to be coupled. In some cases, the method comprises welding metal extension tabs to the multiple anodes to establish electrical connection between the multiple anodes that are separated by one or more electrically non-conductive layers and the anode terminal.
Multiplexing systems for batteries of electrochemical cells and associated methods are generally described. Multiplexing systems may be used to improve certain properties of electrochemical cells, such as cycle life and/or safety, during cycling of the battery, according to some embodiments. For example, in some embodiments improvements in electrochemical cell and/or battery performance are provided that are associated with management of charging and discharging of electrochemical cells by the multiplexing system.
Multiplexing systems for batteries of electrochemical cells and associated methods are generally described. Multiplexing systems may be used to improve certain properties of electrochemical cells, such as cycle life and/or safety, during cycling of the battery, according to some embodiments. For example, in some embodiments improvements in electrochemical cell and/or battery performance are provided that are associated with management of charging and discharging of electrochemical cells by the multiplexing system.
Treatment of electrode materials with poly(phosphate sulfate)s, and related articles and methods, are generally described. Some embodiments are associated with reduced gas generation during charge-discharge cycling of electrochemical cells. resulting from the treatment of the electrode materials.
Articles and methods for forming protective layers for use in electrochemical cells are provided. As described herein, a protective layer may comprise a ceramic (e.g., comprising an alkali metal carbonate and/or an alkaline earth metal carbonate) and a plurality of ionically insulating particles (e.g., comprising aluminum oxide). The ceramic may coat at least a portion of the surfaces of the ionically insulating particles, and the ionically insulating particles may strain this portion of the crystal lattice structure of the ceramic, thus increasing the ion conductivity of the protective layer compared to an otherwise equivalent protective layer absent the ceramic coating.
An electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to control the cell such that, for at least a portion of a charge cycle, the cell is charged at a charging rate or current that is lower than a discharging rate or current of at least a portion of a previous discharge cycle. An electrochemical cell management method. An electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to induce a discharge of the cell before and/or after a charging step of the cell. An electrochemical cell management method. An electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to: monitor at least one characteristic of the cell and, based on the at least one characteristic of the cell, induce a discharge and/or control a charging rate or current of the cell.
Batteries including electrochemical cells, associated components, and arrangements thereof are generally described. In some aspects, batteries with phase change materials that can facilitate heat transfer within the battery (e.g., from an electrochemical cell to a component of a housing of the battery) are described. In some instances, the phase change material is in thermal communication with a thermally conductive solid article portion (e.g., a cooling fin). In some embodiments, the batteries include a multiplexing switch apparatus. Such a multiplexing switch apparatus may be used to selectively discharge one or more electrochemical cells of the battery.
H01M 10/659 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
H01M 10/653 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
H01M 10/6551 - Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
H01M 10/658 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
H01M 50/249 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
Batteries including electrochemical cells, associated components, and arrangements thereof are generally described. In some aspects, batteries with housings that undergo relatively little expansion and contraction even in cases where electrochemical cells in the battery undergo a relatively high degree of expansion and contraction during charging and discharging are provided. Batteries configured to apply relatively high magnitudes and uniform force to electrochemical cells in the battery, while in some cases having high energy densities and a relatively low pack burden, are also provided. In certain aspects, arrangements of electrochemical cells and associated components are generally described. In some aspects, thermally conductive solid articles that can be used for aligning components of the battery are described. In some aspects, thermally insulating and compressible components for battery packs are generally described.
Articles and methods involving electrochemical cells and/or electrochemical cell preproducts comprising passivating agents are generally provided. In certain embodiments, an electrochemical cell includes first and second passivating agents. In some embodiments, an electrochemical cell may include a first electrode comprising a first surface, a second electrode (e.g., a counter electrode with respect to the first electrode) comprising a second surface, a first passivating agent configured and arranged to passivate the first surface, and a second passivating agent configured and arranged to passivate the second surface.
C25B 11/095 - Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalysts material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compoundElectrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalysts material consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one of the compounds being organic
H01M 4/583 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
The present invention relates to the application of a force to enhance the performance of an electrochemical cell. The force may comprise, in some instances, an anisotropic force with a component normal to an active surface of the anode of the electrochemical cell. In the embodiments described herein, electrochemical cells (e.g., rechargeable batteries) may undergo a charge/discharge cycle involving deposition of metal (e.g., lithium metal) on a surface of the anode upon charging and reaction of the metal on the anode surface, wherein the metal diffuses from the anode surface, upon discharging. The uniformity with which the metal is deposited on the anode may affect cell performance. For example, when lithium metal is redeposited on an anode, it may, in some cases, deposit unevenly forming a rough surface. The roughened surface may increase the amount of lithium metal available for undesired chemical reactions which may result in decreased cycling lifetime and/or poor cell performance. The application of force to the electrochemical cell has been found, in accordance with the invention, to reduce such behavior and to improve the cycling lifetime and/or performance of the cell.
H01M 4/1395 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
H01M 10/04 - Construction or manufacture in general
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
Mixtures and/or layers comprising ceramic particles and a polymeric surfactant are generally described. Related articles (e.g., electrodes, separators, and/or electrochemical cells) and related methods (e.g., methods of forming them and/or methods of using them) are also described.
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 10/0569 - Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
17.
Joining systems, clamping fixtures, and related systems and methods
B23K 37/04 - Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass for holding or positioning work
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
Systems and methods for controlling and/or inhibiting lateral movement of battery components are generally described. Buckling of stacks of electrochemical cells can unfavorably misalign or deform battery components and may negatively impact performance of the battery. The present disclosure is directed, in some embodiments, towards inventive components that can laterally support electrochemical cells of the stack of electrochemical cells to prevent lateral motion of the electrochemical cells, thereby preventing buckling of the stack.
H01M 50/242 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
H01M 10/658 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
H01M 50/249 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
H01M 50/204 - Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
Electrochemical cells, and more specifically, release systems for the fabrication of electrochemical cells are described. The release layers described herein may be conductive release layers. In particular, conductive release layer arrangements, assemblies, methods and compositions that facilitate the fabrication of electrochemical cell components, such as electrodes, are presented. In some embodiments, methods of fabricating an electrode involve the use of a release layer to separate portions of the electrode from a carrier substrate on which the electrode was fabricated. For example, an intermediate electrode assembly may include, in sequence, an electroactive layer, an optional current collector layer, a conductive release layer, and a carrier substrate.
Systems and methods for measuring pressure applied to electrochemical cells are generally described. In some aspects, electrochemical devices including an electrochemical cell and an associated sensor are provided. The sensor may be configured to produce a signal indicative of the pressure experienced by the electrochemical cell. In some instances, the sensor measures the applied pressure by being responsive to displacement of load-bearing components of the electrochemical device. Such a configuration may permit the sensor to accurately measure the pressure at the cell while being positioned adjacent to an electrochemical device housing component rather than overlapping with the cell itself. For example, in some embodiments a strain gauge adjacent to a load-bearing member of an electrochemical device housing such as a housing fastener or frame component is employed to measure cell pressure.
H01M 50/578 - Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
G01R 31/36 - Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
Clamps for electrochemical cells and related systems and methods are generally described. In some embodiments, a clamp system can apply a compressive clamp force to reinforce a contact between first and second portions of a container of an electrochemical cell (e.g., to reinforce a seal of an electrochemical cell pouch). In some embodiments, a clamp system can apply a compressive clamp force to reinforce electronic communication between an electrode tab and an electrode tab extension. Application of such compressive clamp forces via a clamp may assist with maintaining integrity of contacts (e.g., seals, electrode tab connections) under challenging conditions such as during testing of the electrochemical cell (e.g., at elevated temperatures) and/or during shipping.
Articles and methods related to electrochemical cells and/or electrochemical cell components (such as electrodes) comprising species comprising a conjugated, negatively-charged ring comprising a nitrogen atom and/or reaction products of such species are generally provided. The electrochemical cell may comprise an electrode (e.g., a cathode) comprising a protective layer comprising a species comprising a conjugated, negatively-charged ring comprising a nitrogen atom and/or a reaction product thereof.
Articles containing electrodes and current collectors arranged such that at least one electrode can be electronically isolated from other components of the article and/or an electrochemical device, and associated systems and methods, are provided. In some cases, the articles contain substrates for which a change in volume of the substrate causes at least one electrode to become electronically isolated from other components of the article and/or an electrochemical device. In certain cases, heating the substrate causes the change in volume of the substrate. Articles and electrochemical devices containing electrodes, current collectors, heaters, and/or sensors and associated systems and methods, are also provided. Electrochemical devices containing electrodes and current collectors arranged in a folded configuration, and associated articles, systems and methods, are also provided.
Articles and methods including additives in electrochemical cells, are generally provided. As described herein, such electrochemical cells may comprise an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and optionally a separator. In some embodiments, at least one of the anode, the cathode, the electrolyte, and/or the optional separator may comprise an additive and/or additive precursor. For instance, in some cases, the electrochemical cell comprises an electrolyte and an additive and/or additive precursor that is soluble with and/or is present in the electrolyte. In some embodiments, the additive precursor comprises a disulfide bond. In certain embodiments, the additive is a carbon disulfide salt. In some cases, the electrolyte may comprise a nitrate.
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 8/12 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
Systems and methods for applying pressure to electrochemical devices are generally described. In some aspects, batteries including an electrochemical cell and an associated deformable solid are provided. The deformable solid may be configured to apply an anisotropic force (e.g., during cycling), which may improve the performance and/or durability of the electrochemical cell. In some instances (for example, in certain cases where the deformable solid includes a piezoelectric array and/or an electroactive polymer), the battery may be able to make dynamic adjustments to a pressure experienced by the electrochemical cell (e.g., based on signals from a pressure sensor). The systems and methods described herein can, in some instances, provide for relatively uniform pressure distributions across an electrochemical cell and/or throughout a stack of multiple electrochemical cells.
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
26.
HIGH VOLTAGE LITHIUM-CONTAINING ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND RELATED METHODS
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
27.
HIGH VOLTAGE LITHIUM-CONTAINING ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS INCLUDING MAGNESIUM-COMPRISING PROTECTIVE LAYERS AND RELATED METHODS
A battery management system comprising: at least one battery comprising two or more sets of cells, each set of cells comprising one or more cells; a multiplexing switch apparatus connected to each set of cells; and at least one controller configured to use the multiplexing switch apparatus to selectively discharge the sets of cells based on at least one criterion. A battery pack comprising: at least one battery comprising two or more sets of cells, each set of cells comprising one or more cells; and an integrated switching control system comprising at least one switch connected to each set of cells, wherein the integrated switching control system is configured to control the at least one switch to discharge the sets of cells sequentially or selectively based on at least one criterion. A battery management method or a battery pack control method.
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
29.
HIGH VOLTAGE LITHIUM-CONTAINING ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND RELATED METHODS
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/1391 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
Batteries including electrochemical cells, associated components, and arrangements thereof are generally described. In some aspects, batteries with phase change materials that can facilitate heat transfer within the battery (e.g., from an electrochemical cell to a component of a housing of the battery) are described. In some instances, the phase change material is in thermal communication with a thermally conductive solid article portion (e.g., a cooling fin). In some embodiments, the batteries include a multiplexing switch apparatus. Such a multiplexing switch apparatus may be used to selectively discharge one or more electrochemical cells of the battery.
H01M 10/659 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
H01M 10/651 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations
H01M 10/653 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
H01M 50/242 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
H01M 10/637 - Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devicesControl systems characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
H01M 10/6551 - Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
32.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ROLL TO ROLL DEPOSITION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL COMPONENTS AND OTHER ARTICLES
System and methods for the roll-to-roll deposition of electrochemical cell components are described. A system for forming components of an electrochemical cell, comprises: a plurality of nozzles comprising at least a first nozzle having a first tip, a second nozzle having a second tip, and a third nozzle having a third tip, wherein the first tip of the first nozzle, the second tip of the second nozzle, and the third tip of the third nozzle are colinear along an x-axis; a substrate positioned proximate the plurality of nozzles, wherein the first tip, the second tip, and the third tip occupy different positions along a z-axis such that each tip has a different height with respect to the substrate; and a roll-to-roll handling system proximate the substrate configured to move the substrate relative to the plurality of nozzles.
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
B05B 13/04 - Means for supporting workArrangement or mounting of spray headsAdaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during operation
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
An electrochemical cell comprises a first layer comprising a first plurality of particles, a second layer adjacent to the first layer comprising a second plurality of particles and an interface between the first layer and the second layer, wherein the interface comprises a gradient of the first plurality of particles and the second plurality of particles, and wherein the gradient lowers the interfacial resistance between the two layers.
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
An electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to control the cell such that, for at least a portion of a charge cycle, the cell is charged at a charging rate or current that is lower than a discharging rate or current of at least a portion of a previous discharge cycle. An electrochemical cell management method. An electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to induce a discharge of the cell before and/or after a charging step of the cell. An electrochemical cell management method. An electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to: monitor at least one characteristic of the cell and, based on the at least one characteristic of the cell, induce a discharge and/or control a charging rate or current of the cell.
Methods, systems, and devices for applying forces to electrochemical devices are generally described. In some cases, the methods include applying a force to an electrochemical device via a solid surface that, in the absence of an applied force, has at least a portion that is convex with respect to a side of the electrochemical device. Certain embodiments are related to systems and devices for applying a force to an electrochemical cell, with some of the systems and devices employing, for example, solid articles with certain shapes (e.g., convex shapes in the absence of an applied force) and/or inventive couplings.
Articles and methods for forming protected electrodes for use in electrochemical cells, including those for use in rechargeable lithium batteries, are provided. In some embodiments, the articles and methods involve an electrode that does not include an electroactive layer, but includes a current collector and a protective structure positioned directly adjacent the current collector, or separated from the current collector by one or more thin layers. Lithium ions may be transported across the protective structure to form an electroactive layer between the current collector and the protective structure. In some embodiments, an anisotropic force may be applied to the electrode to facilitate formation of the electroactive layer.
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
Some aspects of the disclosure are related to lithium batteries, and more specifically, to integrated battery electrode and separator. In some embodiments, an electrochemical cell comprises a single integrated unit comprising insulating layer, current collectors, electroactive material layers, separators, and the like. Methods of manufacturing of the integrated battery unit are disclosed herein. Some embodiments of the disclosure are also directed to an integrated anode-free electrochemical cell that lacks an anode or anode electroactive material layer. In some such embodiments, methods directed to electrical storage and use of such an anode-free electrochemical cell are disclosed herein.
Some aspects of the disclosure are related to lithium batteries, and more specifically, to integrated battery electrode and separator. In some embodiments, an electrochemical cell comprises a single integrated unit comprising insulating layer, current collectors, electroactive material layers, separators, and the like. Methods of manufacturing of the integrated battery unit are disclosed herein. Some embodiments of the disclosure are also directed to an integrated anode-free electrochemical cell that lacks an anode or anode electroactive material layer. In some such embodiments, methods directed to electrical storage and use of such an anode-free electrochemical cell are disclosed herein.
Electrochemical cell and battery management systems are generally provided. The systems can comprise an electrochemical cell and a controller. In some cases, the controller can be used to control various aspects of the charge and/or discharge of the electrochemical cell. In some cases, the system can comprise one or more strings of cells.
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
G01R 31/382 - Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
G01R 31/396 - Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
Aspects of the present disclosure are directed towards increases in cycle life and stability of electrochemical cells. Electrolytes and electrochemical cells, including those for use in rechargeable lithium batteries, are generally provided. In some embodiments, the electrolytes and electrochemical cells comprise asymmetric sulfonamides. The electrolytes and electrochemical cells also comprise carbonates, according to some embodiments.
Aspects of the present disclosure are directed towards increases in cycle life and stability of electrochemical cells. Electrolytes and electrochemical cells, including those for use in rechargeable lithium batteries, are generally provided. In some embodiments, the electrolytes and electrochemical cells comprise asymmetric sulfonamides. The electrolytes and electrochemical cells also comprise carbonates, according to some embodiments.
Some aspects of the invention are related to lithium batteries, and more specifically, to in-situ control of solid electrolyte interface for enhanced cycle performance in lithium metal batteries. In some embodiments, the electrochemical cell comprises a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer that is rich in inorganic materials (e.g., LiF, Li2O, Li2CO3) and has various advantageous properties (e.g., improved anode stability, etc.). Some embodiments are directed to methods of electrical energy storage and use of an electrochemical cell. In some cases, the methods comprise applying anisotropic force and/or formation voltage to a cell and forming an inorganic rich SEI layer in-situ.
Battery packs including electrochemical cells, associated components, and arrangements thereof are generally described. In some aspects, battery packs with housings that undergo relatively little expansion and contraction even in cases where electrochemical cells in the battery pack undergo a relatively high degree of expansion and contraction during charging and discharging are provided. Battery packs configured to apply relatively high magnitudes and uniform force to electrochemical cells in the battery pack, while in some cases having high energy densities and a relatively low pack burden, are also provided. In certain aspects, arrangements of electrochemical cells and associated components are generally described. In some aspects, thermally conductive solid articles that can be used for aligning components of the battery pack are described. In some aspects, thermally insulating and compressible components for battery packs are generally described. In some instances, the battery pack includes multiple battery modules at least partially enclosed by a same housing.
H01M 50/242 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
H01M 50/293 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
H01M 10/653 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 50/249 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
Battery packs including electrochemical cells, associated components, and arrangements thereof are generally described. In some aspects, battery packs with housings that undergo relatively little expansion and contraction even in cases where electrochemical cells in the battery pack undergo a relatively high degree of expansion and contraction during charging and discharging are provided. Battery packs configured to apply relatively high magnitudes and uniform force to electrochemical cells in the battery pack, while in some cases having high energy densities and a relatively low pack burden, are also provided. In certain aspects, arrangements of electrochemical cells and associated components are generally described. In some aspects, thermally conductive solid articles that can be used for aligning components of the battery pack are described. In some aspects, thermally insulating and compressible components for battery packs are generally described. In some instances, the battery pack includes multiple battery modules at least partially enclosed by a same housing.
H01M 50/20 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders
H01M 50/204 - Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
H01M 50/249 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
H01M 50/242 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
H01M 50/502 - Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteriesInterconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
2233) and has various advantageous properties (e.g., improved anode stability, etc.). Some embodiments are directed to methods of electrical energy storage and use of an electrochemical cell. In some cases, the methods comprise applying anisotropic force and/or formation voltage to a cell and forming an inorganic rich SEI layer in- situ.
Articles containing electrodes and current collectors arranged such that at least one electrode can be electronically isolated from other components of the article and/or an electrochemical device, and associated systems and methods, are provided. In some cases, the articles contain substrates for which a change in volume of the substrate causes at least one electrode to become electronically isolated from other components of the article and/or an electrochemical device. In certain cases, heating the substrate causes the change in volume of the substrate.
Composite structures including an ion-conducting material and a polymeric material (e.g., a separator) to protect electrodes are generally described. The ion-conducting material may be in the form of a layer that is bonded to a polymeric separator. The ion-conducting material may comprise a lithium oxysulfide having a lithium-ion conductivity of at least at least 10−6 S/cm.
Electrochemical cell and battery management systems are generally provided. The systems can comprise an electrochemical cell and a controller. In some cases, the controller can be used to control various aspects of the charge and/or discharge of the electrochemical cell. In some cases, the system can comprise one or more strings of cells.
Articles, compositions, and methods involving ionically conductive compounds are provided. In some embodiments, the ionically conductive compounds are useful for electrochemical cells. The disclosed ionically conductive compounds may be incorporated into an electrochemical cell (e.g., a lithium-sulfur electrochemical cell, a lithium-ion electrochemical cell, an intercalated-cathode based electrochemical cell) as, for example, a protective layer for an electrode, a solid electrolyte layer, and/or any other appropriate component within the electrochemical cell. In certain embodiments, electrode structures and/or methods for making electrode structures including a layer comprising an ionically conductive compound described herein are provided.
C01B 25/14 - Sulfur, selenium, or tellurium compounds of phosphorus
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
Electrochemical cell and battery management systems are generally provided. The systems can comprise an electrochemical cell and a controller. In some cases, the controller can be used to control various aspects of the charge and/or discharge of the electrochemical cell. In some cases, the system can comprise one or more strings of cells.
Mixtures and/or layers comprising ceramic particles and a polymeric surfactant are generally described. Related articles (e.g., electrodes, separators, and/or electrochemical cells) and related methods (e.g., methods of forming them and/or methods of using them) are also described.
Batteries typically include cells that undergo electrochemical reactions to produce electric current. Use of batteries in low temperature environments may adversely impact cell performance. Certain embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to inventive articles, systems, and methods that address cell performance issues in low temperature environments.
H01M 10/653 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
Electrochemical cells comprising electrodes comprising lithium (e.g., in the form of a solid solution with non-lithium metals), from which in situ current collectors may be formed, are generally described.
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
Electrodes and methods of preparing electrodes with a porous electroactive region having low porosities are generally described herein. The electrodes having the low porosities can exhibit higher electrochemical cell cycle life, compared to electrochemical cells with electroactive region having higher porosities.
Electrolytes, articles, and methods for reducing gases produced during the operation of an electrochemical cell are generally described. The inclusion of silylated sulfonic acid esters can reduce the amount of gases produced in an electrochemical cell (e.g., a battery).
The present invention relates generally to lithium batteries, and more specifically, to electrolyte compositions within lithium batteries. Some aspects of the invention are related to an electrolyte for a lithium battery. In some embodiments, the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent that is different from the organic solvent. The aromatic hydrocarbon solvent may have limited solubility in the organic solvent and/or a limited solubility for lithium salt, e.g., such that the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is capable of inducing phase separation of the electrolyte when present in a certain amount. In one set of embodiments, an electrolyte comprising one or more aromatic hydrocarbon may lead to an enhanced battery cycle life, reduced rate of electrolyte degradation, and improved low temperature performance. The subject matter disclosed herein involves, in some cases, the use of the electrolyte in a lithium battery.
Articles and methods related to electrochemical cells and/or electrochemical cell components (such as electrodes and/or electrolytes) comprising species comprising a conjugated, negatively-charged ring comprising a nitrogen atom and/or reaction products of such species are generally provided. The electrochemical cell may comprise an electrode (e.g., a cathode and/or an anode) comprising a protective layer comprising a species comprising a conjugated, negatively-charged ring comprising a nitrogen atom and/or a reaction product thereof. The electrochemical cell may comprise an electrolyte comprising a species comprising a conjugated, negatively-charged ring comprising a nitrogen atom and/or a reaction product thereof.
Electrolytes, articles, and methods for reducing gases produced during the operation of an electrochemical cell are generally described. The inclusion of silylated sulfonic acid esters can reduce the amount of gases produced in an electrochemical cell (e.g., a battery).
The present invention relates generally to lithium batteries, and more specifically, to electrolyte compositions within lithium batteries. Some aspects of the invention are related to an electrolyte for a lithium battery. In some embodiments, the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent that is different from the organic solvent. The aromatic hydrocarbon solvent may have limited solubility in the organic solvent and/or a limited solubility for lithium salt, e.g., such that the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is capable of inducing phase separation of the electrolyte when present in a certain amount. In one set of embodiments, an electrolyte comprising one or more aromatic hydrocarbon may lead to an enhanced battery cycle life, reduced rate of electrolyte degradation, and improved low temperature performance. The subject matter disclosed herein involves, in some cases, the use of the electrolyte in a lithium battery.
Articles and methods related to electrochemical cells and/or electrochemical cell components (such as electrodes) comprising species comprising a conjugated, negatively-charged ring comprising a nitrogen atom and/or reaction products of such species are generally provided. The electrochemical cell may comprise an electrode (e.g., a cathode) comprising a protective layer comprising a species comprising a conjugated, negatively-charged ring comprising a nitrogen atom and/or a reaction product thereof.
The use of ion-conducting materials to protect electrodes is generally described. The ion-conducting material may be in the form of a layer that is adjacent to a polymeric layer, such as a porous separator, to form a composite. At least a portion of the pores of the polymer layer may be filled or unfilled with the ion-conducting material. In some embodiments, the ion-conducting layer is sufficiently bonded to the polymer layer to prevent delamination of the layers during cycling of an electrochemical cell.
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 50/414 - Synthetic resins, e.g. .thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
Electrochemical cells, and more specifically, release systems for the fabrication of electrochemical cells are described. The release layers described herein may be conductive release layers. In particular, conductive release layer arrangements, assemblies, methods and compositions that facilitate the fabrication of electrochemical cell components, such as electrodes, are presented. In some embodiments, methods of fabricating an electrode involve the use of a release layer to separate portions of the electrode from a carrier substrate on which the electrode was fabricated. For example, an intermediate electrode assembly may include, in sequence, an electroactive layer, an optional current collector layer, a conductive release layer, and a carrier substrate.
Electrochemical cell and battery management systems are generally provided. The systems can comprise at least one battery comprising two or more strings of cells, each string of cells comprising two or more cells. The system can also include a multiplexing switch apparatus connected to each string of cells. The system can also include a controller. In some cases, the controller can be used to control various aspects of the charge and/or discharge of the electrochemical cell and/or battery.
Electrochemical cell and battery management systems are generally provided. The systems can comprise at least one battery comprising two or more strings of cells, each string of cells comprising two or more cells. The system can also include a multiplexing switch apparatus connected to each string of cells. The system can also include a controller. In some cases, the controller can be used to control various aspects of the charge and/or discharge of the electrochemical cell and/or battery.
Systems and methods related to cutting (e.g., ultrasonically cutting) metals (e.g., lithium metal) and electrode precursors are generally provided. The electrodes or electrode precursors may involve, for example, a lithium metal electrode or a lithium composite electrode, e.g., for use in an electrochemical cell or battery.
B23D 15/08 - Sheet shears with a blade moved in one plane, e.g. perpendicular to the surface of the sheet
B23D 15/04 - Shearing machines or shearing devices cutting by blades which move parallel to each other having only one moving blade
B06B 1/06 - Processes or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
Clamps for electrochemical cells and related systems and methods are generally described. In some embodiments, a clamp system can apply a compressive clamp force to reinforce a contact between first and second portions of a container of an electrochemical cell (e.g., to reinforce a seal of an electrochemical cell pouch). In some embodiments, a clamp system can apply a compressive clamp force to reinforce electronic communication between an electrode tab and an electrode tab extension. Application of such compressive clamp forces via a clamp may assist with maintaining integrity of contacts (e.g., seals, electrode tab connections) under challenging conditions such as during testing of the electrochemical cell (e.g., at elevated temperatures) and/or during shipping.
H01M 10/04 - Construction or manufacture in general
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 50/202 - Casings or frames around the primary casing of a single cell or a single battery
H01M 50/264 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
The present invention relates to the application of a force to enhance the performance of an electrochemical cell. The force may comprise, in some instances, an anisotropic force with a component normal to an active surface of the anode of the electrochemical cell. In the embodiments described herein, electrochemical cells (e.g., rechargeable batteries) may undergo a charge/discharge cycle involving deposition of metal (e.g., lithium metal) on a surface of the anode upon charging and reaction of the metal on the anode surface, wherein the metal diffuses from the anode surface, upon discharging. The uniformity with which the metal is deposited on the anode may affect cell performance. For example, when lithium metal is redeposited on an anode, it may, in some cases, deposit unevenly forming a rough surface. The roughened surface may increase the amount of lithium metal available for undesired chemical reactions which may result in decreased cycling lifetime and/or poor cell performance. The application of force to the electrochemical cell has been found, in accordance with the invention, to reduce such behavior and to improve the cycling lifetime and/or performance of the cell.
H01M 10/04 - Construction or manufacture in general
H01M 4/133 - Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M 4/136 - Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
Articles and methods including additives in electrochemical cells, are generally provided. As described herein, such electrochemical cells may comprise an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and optionally a separator. In some embodiments, at least one of the anode, the cathode, the electrolyte, and/or the optional separator may comprise an additive and/or additive precursor. For instance, in some cases, the electrochemical cell comprises an electrolyte and an additive and/or additive precursor that is soluble with and/or is present in the electrolyte. In some embodiments, the additive precursor comprises a disulfide bond. In certain embodiments, the additive is a carbon disulfide salt. In some cases, the electrolyte may comprise a nitrate.
H01M 10/0568 - Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 8/12 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
An electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to control the cell such that, for at least a portion of a charge cycle, the cell is charged at a charging rate or current that is lower than a discharging rate or current of at least a portion of a previous discharge cycle. An electrochemical cell management method. An electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to induce a discharge of the cell before and/or after a charging step of the cell. An electrochemical cell management method. A electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to: monitor at least one characteristic of the cell and, based on the at least one characteristic of the cell, induce a discharge and/or control a charging rate or current of the cell.
Systems and methods for applying pressure to electrochemical devices are generally described. In some aspects, batteries including an electrochemical cell and an associated deformable solid are provided. The deformable solid may be configured to apply an anisotropic force (e.g., during cycling), which may improve the performance and/or durability of the electrochemical cell. In some instances (for example, in certain cases where the deformable solid includes a piezoelectric array and/or an electroactive polymer), the battery may be able to make dynamic adjustments to a pressure experienced by the electrochemical cell (e.g., based on signals from a pressure sensor). The systems and methods described herein can, in some instances, provide for relatively uniform pressure distributions across an electrochemical cell and/or throughout a stack of multiple electrochemical cells.
Articles and methods involving electrochemical cells and/or electrochemical cell preproducts comprising passivating agents are generally provided. In certain embodiments, an electrochemical cell includes first and second passivating agents. In some embodiments, an electrochemical cell may include a first electrode comprising a first surface, a second electrode (e.g., a counter electrode with respect to the first electrode) comprising a second surface, a first passivating agent configured and arranged to passivate the first surface, and a second passivating agent configured and arranged to passivate the second surface.
C25B 11/095 - Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalysts material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compoundElectrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalysts material consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one of the compounds being organic
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
76.
Protective layers for electrodes and electrochemical cells
Articles and methods including layers for protection of electrodes in electrochemical cells are provided. As described herein, a layer, such as a protective layer for an electrode, may comprise a plurality of particles (e.g., crystalline inorganic particles, amorphous inorganic particles). In some aspects, at least a portion of the plurality of particles (e.g., inorganic particles) are fused to one another. For instance, in some aspects, the layer may be formed by aerosol deposition or another suitable process that involves subjecting the particles to a relatively high velocity such that fusion of particles occurs during deposition. In some cases, the protective layer may be porous.
H01M 50/457 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
77.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROTECTING A CIRCUIT, RECHARGEABLE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL, OR BATTERY
A system for protecting at least one electrochemical cell, comprising circuitry configured to disconnect the at least one electrochemical cell at a first threshold current magnitude based on a first current flow direction through at least one relay and at a second threshold current magnitude based on a second current flow direction through the at least one relay, wherein the first current flow direction is different from the second current flow direction. A method for electrochemical cell protection. A system comprising circuitry configured to disconnect at least one portion of a circuit at a first threshold current magnitude based on a first current flow direction through at least one relay and at a second threshold current magnitude based on a second current flow direction through the at least one relay. A method for protecting at least one portion of a circuit.
H02H 7/18 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteriesEmergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for accumulators
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
78.
Systems and methods for providing, assembling, and managing integrated power bus for rechargeable electrochemical cell or battery
A battery pack comprising a substrate comprising a battery power bus integrated into the substrate; and a pack controller; and at least one electrochemical cell connected directly to the substrate. A printed circuit board comprising a power bus integrated into the printed circuit board, wherein the power bus is connected to and configured to transfer power to and/or from at least one electrochemical cell; and at least one controller configured to control the at least one electrochemical cell. A thermal management system comprising at least one electrochemical cell; and a substrate directly connected to the at least one electrochemical cell and configured to transfer heat, power, and signals between the substrate and the at least one electrochemical cell. A thermal management method. A method of assembling a battery pack, comprising attaching at least one electrochemical cell of the battery pack directly to a substrate at least in part by welding.
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H01M 10/655 - Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
H01M 10/667 - Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an electronic component, e.g. a CPU, an inverter or a capacitor
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
79.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING, ASSEMBLING, AND MANAGING INTEGRATED POWER BUS FOR RECHARGEABLE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL OR BATTERY
A battery pack comprising a substrate comprising a battery power bus integrated into the substrate; and a pack controller; and at least one electrochemical cell connected directly to the substrate. A printed circuit board comprising a power bus integrated into the printed circuit board, wherein the power bus is connected to and configured to transfer power to and/or from at least one electrochemical cell; and at least one controller configured to control the at least one electrochemical cell. A thermal management system comprising at least one electrochemical cell; and a substrate directly connected to the at least one electrochemical cell and configured to transfer heat, power, and signals between the substrate and the at least one electrochemical cell. A thermal management method. A method of assembling a battery pack, comprising attaching at least one electrochemical cell of the battery pack directly to a substrate at least in part by welding.
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 10/653 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
H01M 10/667 - Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an electronic component, e.g. a CPU, an inverter or a capacitor
H01M 50/204 - Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
H01M 50/284 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders with incorporated circuit boards, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB]
A system for protecting at least one electrochemical cell, comprising circuitry configured to disconnect the at least one electrochemical cell at a first threshold current magnitude based on a first current flow direction through at least one relay and at a second threshold current magnitude based on a second current flow direction through the at least one relay, wherein the first current flow direction is different from the second current flow direction. A method for electrochemical cell protection. A system comprising circuitry configured to disconnect at least one portion of a circuit at a first threshold current magnitude based on a first current flow direction through at least one relay and at a second threshold current magnitude based on a second current flow direction through the at least one relay. A method for protecting at least one portion of a circuit.
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02H 3/08 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to excess current
Batteries including electrochemical cells, associated components, and arrangements thereof are generally described. In some aspects, batteries with housings that undergo relatively little expansion and contraction even in cases where electrochemical cells in the battery undergo a relatively high degree of expansion and contraction during charging and discharging are provided. Batteries configured to apply relatively high magnitudes and uniform force to electrochemical cells in the battery, while in some cases having high energy densities and a relatively low pack burden, are also provided. In certain aspects, arrangements of electrochemical cells and associated components are generally described. In some aspects, thermally conductive solid articles that can be used for aligning components of the battery are described. In some aspects, thermally insulating and compressible components for battery packs are generally described.
H01M 50/242 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 10/04 - Construction or manufacture in general
H01M 50/293 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
Batteries including electrochemical cells, associated components, and arrangements thereof are generally described. In some aspects, batteries with housings that undergo relatively little expansion and contraction even in cases where electrochemical cells in the battery undergo a relatively high degree of expansion and contraction during charging and discharging are provided. Batteries configured to apply relatively high magnitudes and uniform force to electrochemical cells in the battery, while in some cases having high energy densities and a relatively low pack burden, are also provided. In certain aspects, arrangements of electrochemical cells and associated components are generally described. In some aspects, thermally conductive solid articles that can be used for aligning components of the battery are described. In some aspects, thermally insulating and compressible components for battery packs are generally described.
Batteries including electrochemical cells, associated components, and arrangements thereof are generally described. In some aspects, batteries with housings that undergo relatively little expansion and contraction even in cases where electrochemical cells in the battery undergo a relatively high degree of expansion and contraction during charging and discharging are provided. Batteries configured to apply relatively high magnitudes and uniform force to electrochemical cells in the battery, while in some cases having high energy densities and a relatively low pack burden, are also provided. In certain aspects, arrangements of electrochemical cells and associated components are generally described. In some aspects, thermally conductive solid articles that can be used for aligning components of the battery are described. In some aspects, thermally insulating and compressible components for battery packs are generally described.
Batteries including electrochemical cells, associated components, and arrangements thereof are generally described. In some aspects, batteries with housings that undergo relatively little expansion and contraction even in cases where electrochemical cells in the battery undergo a relatively high degree of expansion and contraction during charging and discharging are provided. Batteries configured to apply relatively high magnitudes and uniform force to electrochemical cells in the battery, while in some cases having high energy densities and a relatively low pack burden, are also provided. In certain aspects, arrangements of electrochemical cells and associated components are generally described. In some aspects, thermally conductive solid articles that can be used for aligning components of the battery are described. In some aspects, thermally insulating and compressible components for battery packs are generally described.
H01M 50/231 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by the material of the casings or racks having a layered structure
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 50/244 - Secondary casingsRacksSuspension devicesCarrying devicesHolders characterised by their mounting method
H01M 50/293 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
89.
Systems and methods for applying and maintaining compression pressure on electrochemical cells
Batteries including electrochemical cells, associated components, and arrangements thereof are generally described. In some aspects, batteries with housings that undergo relatively little expansion and contraction even in cases where electrochemical cells in the battery undergo a relatively high degree of expansion and contraction during charging and discharging are provided. Batteries configured to apply relatively high magnitudes and uniform force to electrochemical cells in the battery, while in some cases having high energy densities and a relatively low pack burden, are also provided. In certain aspects, arrangements of electrochemical cells and associated components are generally described. In some aspects, thermally conductive solid articles that can be used for aligning components of the battery are described. In some aspects, thermally insulating and compressible components for battery packs are generally described.
Batteries including electrochemical cells, associated components, and arrangements thereof are generally described. In some aspects, batteries with housings that undergo relatively little expansion and contraction even in cases where electrochemical cells in the battery undergo a relatively high degree of expansion and contraction during charging and discharging are provided. Batteries configured to apply relatively high magnitudes and uniform force to electrochemical cells in the battery, while in some cases having high energy densities and a relatively low pack burden, are also provided. In certain aspects, arrangements of electrochemical cells and associated components are generally described. In some aspects, thermally conductive solid articles that can be used for aligning components of the battery are described. In some aspects, thermally insulating and compressible components for battery packs are generally described.
Batteries including electrochemical cells, associated components, and arrangements thereof are generally described. In some aspects, batteries with housings that undergo relatively little expansion and contraction even in cases where electrochemical cells in the battery undergo a relatively high degree of expansion and contraction during charging and discharging are provided. Batteries configured to apply relatively high magnitudes and uniform force to electrochemical cells in the battery, while in some cases having high energy densities and a relatively low pack burden, are also provided. In certain aspects, arrangements of electrochemical cells and associated components are generally described. In some aspects, thermally conductive solid articles that can be used for aligning components of the battery are described. In some aspects, thermally insulating and compressible components for battery packs are generally described.
H01M 10/647 - Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
H01M 10/653 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
H01M 10/6551 - Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
H01M 10/6555 - Rods or plates arranged between the cells
H01M 50/233 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
H01M 50/242 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
H01M 50/289 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
Systems and methods related to cutting electrodes (e.g. lithium metal) and electrode precursors are generally provided. The electrodes or electrode precursors may involve, for example, a lithium metal electrode or a lithium composite electrode, e.g., for use in an electrochemical cell or battery.
B26D 1/00 - Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting memberApparatus or machines thereforCutting members therefor
B26D 1/06 - Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting memberApparatus or machines thereforCutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member wherein the cutting member reciprocates
B26D 3/08 - Making a superficial cut in the surface of the work without removal of material, e.g. scoring, incising
An electrode structure and its method of manufacture are disclosed. The disclosed electrode structures may be manufactured by depositing a first release layer on a first carrier substrate. A first protective layer may be deposited on a surface of the first release layer and a first electroactive material layer may then be deposited on the first protective layer.
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 4/13 - Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulatorsProcesses of manufacture thereof
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
H01M 4/1391 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/1397 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
Articles and methods including layers for protection of electrodes in electrochemical cells are provided. As described herein, a layer, such as a protective layer for an electrode, may comprise a plurality of particles (e.g., crystalline inorganic particles, amorphous inorganic particles). In some aspects, at least a portion of the plurality of particles (e.g., inorganic particles) are fused to one another. For instance, in some aspects, the layer may be formed by aerosol deposition or another suitable process that involves subjecting the particles to a relatively high velocity such that fusion of particles occurs during deposition. In some cases, the protective layer may be porous.
H01M 50/489 - Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
An electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to control the cell such that, for at least a portion of a charge cycle, the cell is charged at a charging rate or current that is lower than a discharging rate or current of at least a portion of a previous discharge cycle. An electrochemical cell management method. An electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to induce a discharge of the cell before and/or after a charging step of the cell. An electrochemical cell management method. A electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to: monitor at least one characteristic of the cell and, based on the at least one characteristic of the cell, induce a discharge and/or control a charging rate or current of the cell.
An electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to control the cell such that, for at least a portion of a charge cycle, the cell is charged at a charging rate or current that is lower than a discharging rate or current of at least a portion of a previous discharge cycle. An electrochemical cell management method. An electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to induce a discharge of the cell before and/or after a charging step of the cell. An electrochemical cell management method. A electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to: monitor at least one characteristic of the cell and, based on the at least one characteristic of the cell, induce a discharge and/or control a charging rate or current of the cell.
An electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to control the cell such that, for at least a portion of a charge cycle, the cell is charged at a charging rate or current that is lower than a discharging rate or current of at least a portion of a previous discharge cycle. An electrochemical cell management method. An electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to induce a discharge of the cell before and/or after a charging step of the cell. An electrochemical cell management method. A electrochemical cell management system comprising an electrochemical cell and at least one controller configured to: monitor at least one characteristic of the cell and, based on the at least one characteristic of the cell, induce a discharge and/or control a charging rate or current of the cell.
Articles and methods involving electrochemical cells and/or electrochemical cell components comprising thiol groups are generally provided. The component comprising the thiol group may be a protective layer or an electrolyte. In some embodiments, a protective layer comprising a thiol group may also comprise particles. In some embodiments, a protective layer comprising a thiol group may also comprise a plurality of pores.
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 10/0567 - Liquid materials characterised by the additives
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
Methods, systems, and devices for applying forces to electrochemical devices are generally described. In some cases, the methods include applying a force to an electrochemical device via a solid surface that, in the absence of an applied force, has at least a portion that is convex with respect to a side of the electrochemical device. Certain embodiments are related to systems and devices for applying a force to an electrochemical cell, with some of the systems and devices employing, for example, solid articles with certain shapes (e.g., convex shapes in the absence of an applied force) and/or inventive couplings.
Electrochemical devices that include porous layers, and associated methods, are generally described. In certain cases, the electrochemical device includes a first layer (e.g., a porous coating containing nanoparticles) between an anode and a separator, and a second layer (e.g., another porous coating containing nanoparticles) between a cathode and the separator. The first layer and/or the second layer may have a relatively high porosity, even after the application of an applied pressure to the electrochemical device. The presence of the first layer and the second layer in the electrochemical device may mitigate the occurrence of certain problematic phenomena during cycling of the electrochemical device.
