Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for producing synthetic fuel from water and carbon dioxide. The method includes the operations of (a) preparing water-derived hydrogen, (b) preparing carbon dioxide, (c) introducing the hydrogen and carbon dioxide into a first reaction to produce a first product comprising synthesis gas, (d) introducing the synthesis gas into a second reaction to produce a second product comprising syncrude, (e) dividing the syncrude oil into a plurality of fractions comprising a first fraction, (f) introducing at least one fraction of the plurality of fractions into a hydrogenation reaction to produce a third product, and (g) recovering a fraction corresponding to a boiling point range of the first fraction from the third product. The present disclosure also provides an aviation fuel produced by the method.
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
A system for generating electricity and hydrogen is provided. The system includes a fuel cell unit, a liquid-gas separation unit, and a hydrogen separation unit. The fuel cell unit generates electricity and produces a fuel cell unit effluent stream containing hydrogen from a feed containing natural gas and water. The fuel cell unit includes a reformer, and the reformer includes a burner. The liquid-gas separation unit separates the fuel cell unit effluent stream into a liquid stream and a gas stream. The hydrogen separation unit separates the gas stream into a hydrogen stream and an off-gas stream. At least a portion of the off-gas stream is transferred to the burner of the reformer. The system can generate electricity and high purity hydrogen.
H01M 8/04111 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
H01M 8/04291 - Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
An automatic order processing server according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a chat room managing unit that opens a chat room enabling chatting between a vendor terminal and a customer terminal through a chat server; a message transmission and reception unit that, through the chat room, when a message is received from the customer terminal, provides the message to the vendor terminal, and when a message is received from the vendor terminal, provides the message to the customer terminal; a price negotiation database construction unit that stores price proposal reference data and constructs a price negotiation database; a price negotiation unit that presents an estimate price on the basis of the price proposal reference data stored in the price negotiation database; a message managing unit that, when a message is inputted through the chat room, analyzes the message and determines the type of the message, and automatically generates a response message to the message using the estimate price according to the type of the message; and an order reception processing unit that checks an order execution condition on the basis of the message transmitted and received through the chat server, and processes order reception according to the result of the checking.
Provided is a method of desalting crude oil capable of effectively removing metal impurities in the crude oil and a rag layer which is formed in a crude oil desalting process.
In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of desalting crude oil capable of effectively removing metal impurities in the crude oil and a rag layer which is formed in a crude oil desalting process. The method of desalting crude oil may include: (a) introducing an emulsion including crude oil, water, and an iron (Fe) reducing agent to a desalter vessel; (b) subjecting the emulsion to oil-water separation to form a desalted oil layer, a water layer, and a rag layer in which iron impurities are concentrated; (c) confirming a position and a thickness of the rag layer to determine removal timing of the rag layer; and (d) removing the rag layer. Thus, the efficiency of a crude oil desalting process may be significantly improved by the method of desalting crude oil.
Provided is a method for separating normal paraffin and isoparaffin from raffinates of a benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) reforming process including C5 to C8 light naphtha, the method including: a liquid hydrogenation process for removing olefin by feeding raffinates in which hydrogen is dissolved into a reactor filled with a hydrogenation catalyst.
C10G 67/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including a sorption process as the refining step in the absence of hydrogen
C10G 49/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
C10G 69/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of reforming naphtha
A method for gas station-based parcel delivery service and a system for implementing the same are disclosed. The disclosed system according to one embodiment comprises the instructions for: receiving, from a client terminal, a parcel delivery request including parcel delivery-related information; selecting a parcel delivery reception terminal and a logistics hub gas station on the basis of the parcel delivery-related information; transmitting a parcel delivery reception selection notification including the parcel delivery-related information and logistics hub gas station information to a quick service terminal selected as the parcel delivery reception terminal; transmitting a logistics hub gas station selection notification including the parcel delivery-related information and information on the quick service terminal to a gas station hub terminal of a gas station selected as the logistics hub gas station; and transmitting the parcel delivery-related information and the logistics hub gas station information to a delivery company management server for controlling the logistics hub gas station.
The present invention relates to a gasification process for efficiently co-producing synthesis gas and high-grade coal from water-containing coal, and to an integrated drying and gasification system for realizing the same.
C10J 3/84 - Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
C10L 5/04 - Raw material to be used; Pretreatment thereof
C10L 5/08 - Briquetting processes without the aid of extraneous binders
C10L 5/02 - Briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral origin
C10L 9/08 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatment, e.g. calcining
F26B 17/10 - Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle
Provided herein is an asphalt binder composition, and more particularly, an amine-containing asphalt binder composition capable of improving mixability between an asphalt binder and an aggregate, and compactibility and water resistance of an asphalt paving mixture. More particularly, the present invention relates to an asphalt binder composition capable of being used in hot mix asphalt for improving workability and/or stripping-resistance, warm-mix asphalt, recycling of reclaimed asphalt pavement, or the like.
The present invention relates to a reactor for saccharifying biomass containing a high concentration of solids, and more particularly, to a reactor for continuously saccharifying biomass comprising: a porous plate in which a nozzle for supplying an additive, containing a saccharifying enzyme, and a sensor are provided on an inner cross-section of a hole; and a stirring means.
The present invention relates to an apparatus for simultaneously grinding and saccharifying biomass and a method using same, the apparatus comprising: (a) a hopper for supplying biomass; (b) a lateral extruder having the form of a cylindrical housing inside of which a rotatable screw is installed, wherein one side of the housing is coupled to the hopper, and an outlet provided on the other side of the housing is joined to an inlet for introducing biomass to a refiner; and (c) the refiner comprising a stator disc having a cooling water holding space on the outer circumferential side of the disc, at least one enzyme supplying hole arranged in a grinding area close to the circumference, and a biomass supplying hole provided at the center, and a refining disc which forms a gap with the inner circumferential side of the stator disc, is joined to face the grinding area, and is rotated by an individual motor.
Disclosed is a method of removing metals from hydrocarbon oil, comprising: supplying a feed including hydrocarbon oil; mixing the feed with an aqueous solution including a metal scavenger to prepare a first mixture; separating the first mixture into a first aqueous solution phase and a first hydrocarbon phase and discharging the separated first aqueous solution phase; mixing the separated first hydrocarbon phase with washing water to produce a second mixture; separating the second mixture into a second aqueous solution phase and a second hydrocarbon phase; and recovering the separated second hydrocarbon phase and recirculating the separated second aqueous solution phase.
C10G 17/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds, or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
C10G 17/04 - Liquid-liquid treatment forming two immiscible phases
C10G 31/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by treating with water
C10G 17/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds, or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge with acids or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge
B01D 11/04 - Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
C10G 53/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step including only extraction steps, e.g. deasphalting by solvent treatment followed by extraction of aromatics
13.
Catalyst for producing hydrogenated biodiesel and method of producing the same
Disclosed herein is a catalyst for producing biodiesel, including a carrier having water resistance and an active component supported on the carrier and used in a hydrotreating reaction or a decarboxylation reaction. Since the catalyst for producing biodiesel includes a carrier having strong water resistance, the deactivation of the catalyst due to the water produced through a process of producing HBD can be prevented, thus remarkably improving the long term stability of a catalyst.
Provided is a carbon fuel pneumatic dryer in which synthesis gas generated in a reactor is fed and cooled, including: a feeding part formed as a narrow pipe, via which synthesis gas and carbon fuel are fed; a drying part formed as a pipe having a larger diameter than the feeding part, in which the hot synthesis gas fed via the feeding part is cooled and the moisture content of the carbon fuel is lowered; and a conveying part formed as a pipe having a smaller diameter than the drying part such that the flow velocity of the synthesis gas and the carbon fuel having passed the drying part is increased, wherein the conveying part includes a bend so that the flow direction of the synthesis gas and the carbon fuel is changed.
C10L 9/00 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
F26B 17/10 - Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle
F23G 5/04 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including pretreatment drying
F23K 1/00 - Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
F23G 5/027 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying
F15B 1/00 - Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
F16L 57/06 - Protection of pipes or objects of similar shape against external or internal damage or wear against wear
The present disclosure relates to a method for upgrading hydrocarbon using C4, C5 and C6 streams, and more specifically, to a method for upgrading hydrocarbons using C4, C5 and C6 streams. The method includes the steps of: preparing C4, C5 and C6 streams, which are the products of naphtha catalytic cracking (NCC) process, heavy oil upgrading process, thermal cracking process, or fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC or RFCC) process; oligomerizing the C4, C5 and C6 streams with a catalyst to produce branched unsaturated hydrocarbons; and fractional distillating the branched unsaturated hydrocarbons to separate into C14-18 products or C32-40 products.
C07C 2/12 - Catalytic processes with crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
C07C 2/72 - Addition to a non-aromatic carbon atom of hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring
C10G 50/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. by oligomerisation
C10G 57/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process with polymerisation
C10G 57/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process
C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
The present invention relates to a gasification process for efficiently co-producing synthesis gas and high-grade coal from water-containing coal, and to an integrated drying and gasification system for realizing the same.
C10L 9/08 - Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatment, e.g. calcining
C10L 5/02 - Briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral origin
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
F26B 17/10 - Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle
17.
Gasification combined facility for carbon fuel including pneumatic conveying dryer
This invention relates to an integrated gasification apparatus for carbonaceous fuel, wherein high-pressure steam produced during a gasification process of carbonaceous fuel is directly used to dry the carbonaceous fuel, and steam obtained through the drying process is directly used in a water gas shift process.
C10K 3/04 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content
C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
18.
Gasification process and system using dryer integrated with water-gas shift catalyst
The present invention relates to a gasification process and system, wherein a dryer integrated with a water-gas-shift catalyst is disposed in front of a gasifier.
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
C10J 3/12 - Continuous processes using solid heat-carriers
C10K 3/04 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content
A reactor for continuous saccharification of biomass having a high solid content comprises perforated plates and stirring means, in which the perforated plates includes nozzles for feeding additives, including a saccharification enzyme, and a sensor, which communicate with the holes of the perforated plates.
C12M 1/00 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
C12M 3/00 - Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus
C12P 19/14 - Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase, e.g. by alpha-amylase
C12M 1/40 - Apparatus specially designed for the use of free, immobilised, or carrier-bound enzymes, e.g. apparatus containing a fluidised bed of immobilised enzymes
C12M 1/06 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with gas introduction means with agitator, e.g. impeller
C12M 1/34 - Measuring or testing with condition measuring or sensing means, e.g. colony counters
An apparatus comprises: a hopper for feeding biomass; a horizontal extruder comprising a cylindrical housing and a rotatable screw mounted in the housing, in which one side of the housing is connected to the hopper, and an outlet provided at the other side of the housing is connected to an inlet for feeding biomass into a refiner; and a refiner comprising a stator disc having a cooling water space formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof, one or more enzyme feeding holes provided in a refining region adjacent to the circumference of the stator disc, and a biomass inlet provided at the central portion thereof, and a refining disc which is disposed so as to form a gap with the inner surface of the stator disc and to have a refining region opposite to that of the stator disc and is rotated by a separate motor.
The present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell and, more particularly, to an integrated preheating module of a solid oxide fuel cell system, which comprises a catalyst combustor and a preheater configured integrally, thereby minimizing heat loss.
Provided is a method of identifying authenticity of oil by reacting oil marked by a Oil Marker Composition with a developer to develop a color and then measuring absorbance. According to the present invention, an oil maker capable of quantitatively and qualitatively measuring authenticity of oil due to a rapid reaction rate, excellent reproducibility, and distinct color development that may be observed by the naked eyes, and a method of identifying oil using the same.
C10M 171/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredien
C10L 1/222 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
C10L 1/223 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
C10L 1/232 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring
C10L 1/233 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen and oxygen in the ring, e.g. oxazoles
G01N 21/78 - Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
The present invention relates to a water drain system of an oil reserve tank, which comprises: an oil reserve tank; an oil and water separator for separating the drained water coming from the oil reserve tank; a drain pipe extended from the oil reserve tank to the oil and water separator, the drain pipe having a vertical part to form a step; and a water detection sensor installed in the vertical part.
G01F 23/00 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
C02F 1/40 - Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
The present invention provides a fed-batch culture method comprising a step of fed-batch-feeding a carbon source base and a base in such a manner that the pH level can be maintained at a level suitable for the growth of microorganisms for fermentation of a carbon source. The present invention also provides a method for preparing organic acids using the fed-batch culture method. The present invention fed-batch-feeds a neutralizing agent such as ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate or alkali metal-containing weak base, and a carbon source substrate in preparing organic acids by microorganism fermentation. Thus, a pH level suitable for the survival of microorganisms for carbon source fermentation can be maintained, and the speed of injecting the carbon source base which is the source material can be appropriately adjusted. The present invention may improve productivity, yield rate and concentration of organic acids and may automatically inject a base and a carbon source substrate according to a variation in the pH level, thus improving reliability and convenience of a fermentation process operation.
Disclosed herein are a method of preparing a hydrocarbon oil blend having superior storage stability using a novel stability prediction model that is quick, easy and reliable; and a method of predicting the stability of a hydrocarbon blend.
The present invention provides a method for discerning the authenticity of oil by measuring the absorbance of color development induced in a reaction of marker-labeled oil with a developer. Also, the present invention provides a qualitative and quantitative measurement method for the authenticity of oil using a marker which easily dissolves in oil and which is not easily removed by an adsorbent, etc.
G01N 31/22 - Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroups; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
G01N 21/77 - Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
27.
RECOMBINANT YEAST CAPABLE OF PRODUCING ETHANOL FROM XYLOSE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ETHANOL USING SAME
The present invention relates to recombinant yeast having high productivity of ethanol from xylose and, more specifically, to recombinant yeast having a high productivity of ethanol from xylose in which a gene encoding xylose reductase (XR) derived from Spathaspora passalidarum, a gene encoding xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH), and a gene encoding xylulokinase (XK) are introduced, and a method for producing ethanol using the recombinant yeast. When ethanol is produced from cellulosic biomass full of xylose, yeast strains of the present invention are capable of producing a high yield of ethanol with little accumulation of xylitol as a by-product, and are very useful for producing biofuel using cellulosic ethanol (CE).
The present invention relates to a gasification combined facility for carbon fuel that directly uses high pressure steam generated during a carbon fuel gasification process in the drying of the carbon fuel and directly uses the steam obtained by means of the drying process in a water gas conversion process.
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
The present invention relates to a pneumatic conveying dryer for carbon fuel, in which a synthesis gas generated in a reactor flows so as to be cooled. The pneumatic conveying dryer for carbon fuel is formed to include: an inlet unit formed into a narrow tubular shape such that synthesis gas and carbon fuel flow therein; a tubular drying unit in which the high-temperature synthesis gas flowing in through the inlet unit is cooled, the moisture content of the carbon fuel is reduced, and the diameter thereof is greater than the diameter of the inlet unit; and a transporting unit formed into a tubular shape having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the drying unit such that the flow velocity of the synthesis gas and the carbon fuel passing through the drying unit increases and formed to be curved in a predetermined area such that the flow directions of the synthesis gas and the carbon fuel change.
According to one specific embodiment of the present invention, disclosed is a circulating fluidized bed gasifier which is capable of increasing a combustion region and providing an improved carbon conversion rate with a heat exchanger inside a downcomer of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier.
F02C 3/28 - Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being solid or pulverulent, e.g. in slurry or suspension using a separate gas producer for gasifying the fuel before combustion
F02C 6/00 - Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
31.
INTEGRATED DRYING AND GASIFICATION PROCESS FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY PRODUCING SYNTHETIC GAS AND HIGH RANK COAL
One specific example of the present invention relates to: a gasification method capable of simultaneously and effectively producing a synthetic gas and high rank coal from water-containing low rank coal; and an integrated drying and gasification system for implementing the same.
The present invention relates to a crude oil desalting system which applies high voltages supplied from an electric transformer to a high-voltage cable and enables a desalter to remove impurities such as moisture and/or salt from the crude oil in the desalter. The crude oil desalting system comprises: a high-voltage side bushing equipped with a jack plug for ensuring ease of attachment/detachment of the high-voltage cable; desalting side bushing for ensuring the durability of the high-voltage cable and preventing the outflow of the crude oil in the deslater; and a connection pipe for electrical connection of the high-voltage cable from the electric transformer to the desalter such that the high-voltage cable is in an electrically insulated state.
One specific example according to the present invention relates to a gasification system and process, wherein a dryer that is integrated with a water-gas shift catalyst is arranged at the front end of a gasification reactor.
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
The present invention relates to a water discharge system of an oil reserve tank, which comprises: an oil reserve tank; an oil and water separator for separating the drained water coming from the oil reserve tank; a drain pipe extended from the oil reserve tank to the oil and water separator, the drain pipe having a vertical part to form a step; and a water detection sensor installed in the vertical part.
B67D 7/78 - Arrangements of storage tanks, reservoirs or pipe-lines
B67D 7/56 - Arrangements of flow-indicators, e.g. transparent compartments, windows, rotary vanes
G01F 23/26 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
35.
METHOD FOR PREPARING ORGANIC ACID BY BATCH-FEEDING CARBON SOURCE SUBSTRATE AND BASE
The present invention provides a fed-batch culture method comprising a step of batch-feeding a carbon source base and a base in such a manner that the pH level can be maintained at a level suitable for the growth of microorganisms for fermentation of a carbon source. The present invention also provides a method for preparing organic acids using the fed-batch culture method. The present invention batch-feeds a neutralizing agent such as ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate or alkali metal-containing weak base, and a carbon source substrate in preparing organic acids by microorganism fermentation. Thus, a pH level suitable for the survival of microorganisms for carbon source fermentation can be maintained, and the speed of injecting the carbon source base which is the source material can be appropriately adjusted. The present invention may improve productivity, yield rate and concentration of organic acids and may automatically inject a base and a carbon source substrate according to a variation in the pH level, thus improving reliability and convenience of a fermentation process operation.
Disclosed herein is a method of simultaneously removing sulfur and mercury from a hydrocarbon material, including: hydrotreating the hydrocarbon material containing sulfur and mercury in the presence of a catalyst including a metal supported with a carrier to convert sulfur into hydrogen sulfide, and adsorb mercury on a metal active site or a carrier of the catalyst in the form of mercury sulfide.
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
C10G 25/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
C10G 45/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
C10G 45/38 - Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
C10G 49/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or
C10G 49/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
C10G 61/06 - Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one process of refining in the absence of hydrogen plural serial stages only the refining step being a sorption process
B01J 37/18 - Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
Provided is a method for reducing the amount of organic acids in a hydrocarbon oil fraction by hydrogenating the organic acids in the hydrocarbon oil fraction under mild conditions. Provided is a new method able to overcome the problem of organic-acid-induced corrosion during the process of distillation, by using hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing mixed gas and a hydrogenation catalyst to subject the organic acids in the hydrocarbon oil fraction to hydrogenation at an appropriate temperature and pressure, thereby converting the same to hydrocarbons and so reducing the amount of organic acids in the hydrocarbon oil fraction.
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
C10G 45/22 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing with hydrogen dissolved or suspended in the oil
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10G 67/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only
C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
38.
METHOD FOR PREPARING STABILIZED HYDROCARBON OIL BLEND
Provided in the detailed examples of the present invention is: a method for preparing a hydrocarbon oil blend with excellent storage stability using a rapid, convenient, and highly reliable novel stabilization prediction model; and a method for predicting the stability of a hydrocarbon blend.
An electronic sealing apparatus and method are provided. The electronic sealing apparatus comprises: a tag provided on a first body; a reader provided on a second body, for reading the tag when in a short distance therefrom; and a control unit for determining the state of electronic sealing on the basis of the reading result of the reader, wherein the distance between the tag and the reader is varied by the movement of the first body and/or the second body. Accordingly, since the sealing state of a facility can be determined on the basis of the distance change between the reader and the tag, the seal cannot be forged/counterfeited and the sealing state can be determined in real time.
G08B 13/06 - Mechanical actuation by tampering with fastening
G06K 17/00 - Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups , e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
40.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MONITORING OPENING AND CLOSING OF FACILITY BY ELECTRONIC SEAL
Provided are a method and a system for monitoring the opening and closing of a facility by means of an electronic seal. In the method for monitoring the opening and closing of a facility, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a reader, which is provided on a second body of an electronic sealing apparatus coupled to a facility and capable of reading a tag in a short distance, determines the electronic sealing state of the facility by using a reading result for the tag provided on a first body of the electronic sealing apparatus and transmits the electronic sealing state of the facility to a control system. Opening and closing the facility require the movement of the first body and/or the second body, and the movement varies the distance between the tag and the reader, thereby changing the reading result. Accordingly, whether the facility has been opened or not can be monitored in real time without the possibility of being forged/counterfeited, on the basis of the distance change between the reader and the tag.
G08B 13/06 - Mechanical actuation by tampering with fastening
G06K 17/00 - Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups , e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
41.
Production of high purity butene-1 from C4 olefins/paraffins mixed gas
KOREA INSTITUTE OF ENERGY RESEARCH (Republic of Korea)
SK ENERGY CO., LTD (Republic of Korea)
Inventor
Park, Jong-Ho
Kim, Jong-Nam
Lee, Seong-Jun
Ko, Min-Su
Beum, Hee Tae
Park, Jongkee
Ko, Chang Hyun
Han, Sang Sup
Cho, Soon-Haeng
Abstract
A hybrid process comprising an adsorption process and a distillation process for the separation of butene-1 from a C4 hydrocarbon mixture gas including butene-1, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, normal butane, isobutane, etc. is provided. The hybrid process comprises introducing a gaseous C4 mixture into the adsorption tower loaded with adsorbents which adsorb olefins selectively to discharge C4 paraffins to the outlet of the tower, desorbing C4 olefins selectively adsorbed in the adsortion tower to produce high purity C4 olefins mixture gas in which isobutane and normal butane was removed, and separating the high C4 olefins mixture gas (a mixture of butene-1, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, and a trace amount of C4 paraffins) via distinction to obtain high purity butene-1 including a trace amount of isobutane in the top of the distillation tower and obtain a mixture gas including trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene and a trace amount of normal butane in the bottom of the tower.
B01D 15/02 - Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor with moving adsorbents
C07C 7/12 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers
C07C 7/00 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives
C07C 7/04 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by distillation
C07C 7/13 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers by molecular-sieve technique
B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for treating spent caustic soda generated from an oil refinery process, a petrochemical process, etc. through a process in which a series of treatment steps are integrated, wherein the method can constitute a process under a mild condition excluding high temperature and/or high pressure conditions and can be advantageous to a post treatment process since the amount of by-products is small.
The present invention relates to a method for preparing biodiesel by isomerizing a part of the resultant of hydrodeoxygenation and recycling the isomerized product, and then hydrodeoxygenating a fresh feed in a diluted state again when oxygen is removed in the form of water, CO, and CO2 by adding hydrogen to a feed including triglyceride (TG).
Disclosed herein is a method of simultaneously removing sulfur and mercury from a hydrocarbon material, including: hydrotreating the hydrocarbon material containing sulfur and mercury in the presence of a catalyst including a metal supported with a carrier to convert sulfur into hydrogen sulfide, and adsorb mercury on a metal active site or a carrier of the catalyst in the form of mercury sulfide.
C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
Provided is a method for reducing the amount of organic acids in a hydrocarbon oil fraction by hydrogenating the organic acids in the hydrocarbon oil fraction under mild conditions. Provided is a new method able to overcome the problem of organic-acid-induced corrosion during the process of distillation, by using hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing mixed gas and a hydrogenation catalyst to subject the organic acids in the hydrocarbon oil fraction to hydrogenation at an appropriate temperature and pressure, thereby converting the same to hydrocarbons and so reducing the amount of organic acids in the hydrocarbon oil fraction.
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
The present disclosure relates to a system for collecting and providing information on loaded/empty status of vehicles, which gathers loaded and empty vehicle information via the Internet and then provides shipping arrangement agencies in various regions information on freight for which a vehicle has not been dispatched and information on empty vehicles, from information collected on loaded and empty vehicles. Accordingly, multilevel procurement for freight is avoided, and freight can be delivered to a destination in a timely manner as requested by a merchant, which reduces freight transport charges and procurement fees.
Disclosed is a system for supplying breathing air to a work space, which adopts a triple air-supply structure including a main air-supply unit for compressing, drying and filtering air supplied from the atmosphere so that breathing air is supplied to the work space, a plant air-supply unit for supplying industrial air used in a process plant to the work space, and an emergency air-supply unit for supplying breathing air to the work space in an emergency, wherein the operation of respective air-supply units is organically controlled, thus increasing the reliability of the air supply.
Disclosed herein is a catalyst for producing biodiesel, including a carrier having water resistance and an active component supported on the carrier and used in a hydrotreating reaction or a decarboxylation reaction. Since the catalyst for producing biodiesel includes a carrier having strong water resistance, the deactivation of the catalyst due to the water produced through a process of producing HBD can be prevented, thus remarkably improving the long term stability of a catalyst.
Disclosed herein is a method of treating waste caustic soda, including: neutralizing waste caustic soda produced by an oil refining process using sulfuric acid; and wet-air-oxidizing the neutralized waste caustic soda. Since the waste caustic soda produced by an oil refining process can be treated at medium temperature and pressure using a wet air oxidation method, costs can be reduced. Further, the wet air oxidation method does not require high-cost equipment compared to other treatment methods, such as incineration, evaporation and concentration, and the like, and fuel consumption can be reduced. Moreover, since the equipment has a simple structure, maintenance costs can be reduced.
The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing biodiesel, and a method for preparing biodiesel using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing biodiesel, which prepares biodiesel from a feed containing vegetable oil using a catalyst containing a metal phosphorus compound. The catalyst for preparing biodiesel according to the present invention uses a metal phosphorus compound, thereby enhancing preparation activity of HBD even without continuous injection of sulfides, and enabling production of high quality HBD with a low pour point due to the simultaneous procession of hydrogenation and isomerization reactions.
The present invention relates to a system for collecting and providing information on loaded / empty status of vehicles, which gathers loaded and empty vehicle information via the Internet and then provides shipping arrangement agencies in various regions information on freight for which a vehicle has not been dispatched and information on empty vehicles, from information collected on loaded and empty vehicles. Accordingly, multilevel procurement for freight is avoided, and freight can be delivered to a destination in a timely manner as requested by a merchant, which reduces freight transport charges and procurement fees.
The present invention relates to a method for stripping oils, produced at the intermediate part of a main stripper in an FCC process, using nitrogen, to thereby meet the inflammation point and appearance standards. The method of the present invention meets the inflammation point and reduces moisture to a level lower than a saturation level, and thus prevents appearance problems. The method of the present invention enables easy adjustment of the inflammation point, thus enabling oils to be directly mixed with kerosene products and diesel products. Further, the method of the present invention eliminates the necessity of additional equipment, and can be applied to conventional separators by simply connecting a nitrogen injection pipe, thereby achieving significant economical advantages.
C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
C10G 11/20 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert heated gases or vapours
53.
ETHYLENE COPOLYMER WITH IMPROVED IMPACT RESISTANCE
Provided are ethylene copolymers with excellent impact resistance. More specifically, provided are ethylene copolymers satisfying certain correlation between the falling dart impact strength (F) or high rate impact resistant breakage energy (E) and Vicat softening point. The ethylene copolymers with improved impact properties are applicable to film, injection, compound, sheet, roto, pipe or blow molding.
Provided is a process for preparing copolymers of ethylene with α-olefin. More specifically, provided are transition metal compound being useful as catalyst for preparing those copolymers, a catalyst composition comprising the same, and a process for preparing elastic copolymers of ethylene with α-olefin, having the density of not more than 0.910, which can be adopted to a wide variety of applications including film,, electric wires, and hot-melt adhesives. The catalyst composition is a catalytic system which comprises transition metal catalyst comprising a cyclopentadiene derivative and at least one anionic ligand(s) of aryloxy group with an aryl derivative at ortho-position, and boron or aluminum compound as an activator. Provided is a process for copolymerizing ethylene with α-olefin to produce copolymer having narrow molecular weight distribution and uniform density distribution with the density of not more than 0.910, with high activity and excellent reactivity on higher α-olefin.
C08F 210/16 - Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
C08F 4/6592 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
C08F 4/65 - Pretreating the metal or compound covered by group before the final contacting with the metal or compound covered by group
55.
Production of high purity butene-1 from C4 olefins/paraffins mixed gas
Korea Institute of Energy Research (Republic of Korea)
SK Energy Co., Ltd (Republic of Korea)
Inventor
Park, Jong-Ho
Kim, Jong-Nam
Lee, Seong-Jun
Ko, Min-Su
Beum, Hee Tae
Park, Jongkee
Ko, Chang Hyun
Han, Sang Sup
Cho, Soon-Haeng
Abstract
The present invention relates to a hybrid process comprising an adsorption process and a distillation process for the separation of butene-1 from a C4 hydrocarbon mixture gas including butene-1, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, normal butane, isobutane, etc. The above hybrid process comprises introducing a gaseous C4 mixture into the adsorption tower loaded with adsorbents which adsorb olefins selectively to discharge C4 paraffins to the outlet of the tower, desorbing C4 olefins selectively adsorbed in the adsorption tower to produce high purity C4 olefins mixture gas in which isobutane and normal butane was removed, and separating the high C4 olefins mixture gas (a mixture of butene-1, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, and a trace amount of C4 paraffins) via distillation to obtain high purity butene-1 including a trace amount of isobutane in the top of the distillation tower and obtain a mixture gas including trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene and a trace amount of normal butane in the bottom of the tower.
C07C 7/12 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers
56.
NEW TRANSITION METAL CATALYTIC SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PREPARING ETHYLENE HOMOPOLYMERS OR COPOLYMERS OF ETHYLENE AND a-OLEFINS USING THE SAME
Provided are transition metal catalytic systems for preparing ethylene homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene with α-olefins. More specifically, provided are Group 4 transition metal catalysts, which is characterized in that the Group 4 transition metal catalyst comprises around the Group 4 transition metal a cyclopentadiene derivative, and at least one naphthoxide ligand(s) having aryl substituent(s) that function(s) as an electron donor and serve(s) to stabilize the catalyst system by surrounding an oxygen atom that links the ligand to the transition metal at 2-position, and there is no cross-linkage between the ligands; catalytic systems comprising such transition metal catalyst and aluminoxane cocatalyst or boron compound cocatalyst; and processes for preparing ethylene homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene with α-olefins by using the same.
Provided are transition metal catalytic systems for preparing ethylene homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene with α-olefins. More specifically, provided are Group 4 transition metal catalysts, which is characterized in that the catalyst comprises around the Group 4 transition metal a cyclopentadiene derivative, and at least one aryloxide ligand(s) having a fluorenyl group or a derivative thereof (which is ready to be substituted at 9-position) that functions as an electron donor and serves to stabilize the catalytic system by surrounding an oxygen atom that links the ligand to the transition metal at ortho-position, and there is no cross-linkage between the ligands; catalytic systems comprising such transition metal catalyst and aluminoxane co- catalyst or boron compound cocatalyst; and processes for preparing ethylene homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene with α-olefins by using the same.
C08F 210/16 - Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
C08F 4/6592 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
B01J 31/38 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups of titanium, zirconium or hafnium
58.
ETHYLENE COPOLYMER AND A METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME
Provided are ethylene copolymers and a process for preparing the same. More specifically, provided are ethylene copolymers exhibiting excellent processibility and physical properties due to its multimodal molecular weight distribution index, through a multi-stage process by using reactors connected in series or in parallel in the presence of catalyst composition containing transition metal catalyst, and a process for preparing the same.
C08F 210/16 - Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
C08F 4/6592 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
C08F 4/65 - Pretreating the metal or compound covered by group before the final contacting with the metal or compound covered by group
C07C 7/12 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers
60.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING HYDROGEN IN A PETROLEUM-BASED HYDROCARBON DESULFURIZATION PROCESS
The present invention relates to a method for recovering hydrogen used in a petroleum-based hydrocarbon desulfurization process, and to an ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel production apparatus using same. In detail, a low pressure separator, a low temperature separator, and a hydrogen sulfide absorbing tower are arranged behind a high pressure separator in a hydrodesulfurization process, and the hydrogen separated from the hydrogen sulfide absorbing tower can be recovered, thereby recovering hydrogen from the fuel oil fraction which has passed the hydrodesulfurization process and reusing the recovered hydrogen in a desulfurization process. Thus, the outflow of hydrogen to the fuel oil fraction can be minimized while utilizing existing hydrodesulfurization process facilities for the maximum production of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel, thereby reducing production costs.
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
The present invention relates to an air-supply system for breathing which supplies breathable air to a work space. The air supply system comprises a main air-supply unit which is supplied with compressive air from the atmosphere and filters it then supplies it to a work space, a plant air-supply unit which supplies industrial air used in a process plant to the work space, and an emergency air-supply unit which supplies breathable air to the work space in an emergency. The invention adopts a triple air-supply structure and controls organic operation of each air-supply unit. Therefore, reliability of air supply may be increased.
Provided are a complex prepared from ammonium salt-containing ligands and having such an equilibrium structural formula that the metal center takes a negative charge of 2 or higher, and a method for preparing polycarbonate via copolymerization of an epoxide compound and carbon dioxide using the complex as a catalyst. When the complex is used as a catalyst for copoly-merizing an epoxide compound and carbon dioxide, it shows high activity and high selectivity and provides high-molecular weight polycarbonate, and thus easily applicable to commercial processes. In addition, after forming polycarbonate via carbon dioxide/epoxide copolymerization using the complex as a catalyst, the catalyst may be separately recovered from the copolymer.
C08G 64/34 - General preparatory processes using carbon dioxide and cyclic ethers
C08G 64/32 - General preparatory processes using carbon dioxide
C07C 251/24 - Compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly- bound to a carbon skeleton containing imino groups having carbon atoms of imino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
Disclosed is a method of recovering 1,3 -butadiene from a C4 stream containing butane, isobutane, 2-butene, 1-butene, isobutene, butadiene and acetylene. The process of recovering highly pure 1,3 -butadiene includes acetylene conversion for selectively converting acetylene through liquid-phase hydrogenation, so that the acetylene content is decreased to 70 wt ppm or less, and 1,3 -butadiene extraction using an extractive distillation column, a pre-separator, a solvent stripping column, a solvent recovery column, and a purification column. Through the acetylene conversion, the concentration of vinylacetylene is decreased to 70 wt ppm or less, after which 1,3-butadiene is recovered using only one extractive distillation column, thereby considerably decreasing the degree of utility and the loss of streams in the course of extraction. The number of units necessary for the process is decreased, thus remarkably reducing the time during which impurities can accumulate in a processing unit.
Provided is a microporous polyolefin multilayer film which is used as a separator for a battery, and a preparing method thereof. The microporous polyolefin multilayer film is a 3 layer mi¬ croporous film which is prepared by a wet process to have both surface layers containing polyethylene of 95 wt% or more having a melting temperature of 1250C or higher, and an inner layer containing polypropylene of 50-90 wt% having a melting temperature of 16O0C or higher and polyethylene of 10-50 wt% having a melting temperature of 1250C or higher, wherein a thickness of the film is 9-50/M, a puncture strength is 0.15N//M or more, a permeability is 1.5X105 Darcy or more, a multiplication of the puncture strength and the permeability is 0.4X10 - 5 DarcyN/μm or more, a shrinkage in a transverse direction at 12O0C for 1 hour is 15% or less, and a melt fracture temperature of 16O0C or higher.
Provided is a microporous film for a secondary battery, and more particularly, to a microporous film for a secondary battery with excellent quality stability and heat resistance, the microporous film that is a 3 layer microporous film, including: an inner layer that includes polypropylene of 20-80 wt% having a melting temperature of 15O0C or higher and a filler of 80-20 wt% having a melting temperature of 14O0C or higher, wherein a gross content of the filler and polypropylene in the inner layer is 60wt% or more, and both surface layers which include polyethylene, wherein at least one layer of the both surface layers including polyethylene of 70wt% or more.
KOREA RESERACH INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (Republic of Korea)
DAELIM INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. (Republic of Korea)
DOOSAN MECATEC CO., LTD. (Republic of Korea)
KOREA NATIONAL OIL CORPORATION (Republic of Korea)
HYUNDAI ENGINEERING CO., LTD. (Republic of Korea)
SK ENERGY CO., LTD. (Republic of Korea)
Inventor
Lee, Yun-Jo
Jun, Ki-Won
Park, Jo Yong
Bae, Jong Wook
Abstract
The present invention relates to a cobalt-based catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis, and to a production method therefor. More specifically, the present invention relates to a cobalt-based catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis which is produced by first producing nanoparticles comprising a cobalt-based catalyst component exhibiting activity in Fischer-Tropsch reactions and then mounting these nanoparticles on a catalyst support, and which has a high conversion rate for carbon monoxide and catalytic stability and selectivity for liquid hydrocarbons; and it relates to a production method therefor.
The present invention relates to a safety switch for a secondary battery for an electric vehicle and a charging/discharging system for a secondary battery for an electric vehicle using the same, and more particularly, to a technique for protecting the secondary battery by operating the switch of the secondary battery for the electric vehicle attached to the outside of the secondary battery to cut the connection between the secondary battery and an electric vehicle driving motor in cases where the secondary battery swells or an excessive short-circuit current flows along the circuit of the secondary battery owing to the abnormal use of the secondary battery for the electric vehicle, for example, overcharge, exposure to heat, disconnection, reverse connection and the like.
H02H 7/18 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for accumulators
70.
TWO-STAGE CHARGE EQUALIZATION METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SERIES-CONNECTED BATTERY STRING
KOREA ADVANCED INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (Republic of Korea)
Inventor
Lee, Joonghui
Lim, Jae Hwan
Park, Sang Hyun
Moon, Gun-Woo
Park, Hong-Sun
Kim, Chol-Ho
Abstract
A two-stage charge equalization apparatus for a series-connected battery string according to the present invention comprises a two-stage DC-DC converter including a first DC-DC converter which is inputted with a total voltage of the battery string and outputs a voltage lower than the voltage inputted; and a second DC-DC converter which is inputted with an output of the first DC-DC converter and outputs a charge current for charging a particular battery cell, wherein the battery string is divided into one or more battery modules having a plurality of battery cells connected in series and the second DC-DC converter is provided for each battery module; a current conversion switch module which forms a path of the charge current between the battery module and the second DC-DC converter to allow the charge current to be applied to the particular battery cell composing the battery module and controls an application direction of the charge current; and a microprocessor which determines a battery cell to be charged of a low-charged battery cell and controls the current conversion switch module to allow the charge current to be applied to the battery cell to be charged.
H02J 7/02 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
71.
EXHAUST-GAS REDUCING DEVICE, AND A CONTROL METHOD THEREFOR
The present invention relates to an exhaust-gas reducing device and to a control method therefor. More specifically, it relates to an exhaust-gas reducing device of enhanced durability, which uses both a burner and a metal filter and is thereby able to regenerate the filter within a short time at high temperatures, which is constituted in such a way that the burner operates during idling of the vehicle, and which is capable of effective regeneration by forming a flame in a stable fashion by using a dispersion means. The present invention also relates to a control method for such an exhaust-gas reducing device.
F01N 3/18 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
72.
MICROPOROUS POLYOLEFIN COMPOSITE FILM WITH A THERMALLY STABLE POROUS LAYER AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
Provided is a microporous polyolefin composite film with a thermally stable porous layer at high temperature, particularly, to the microporous polyolefin composite film in which the thermally stable porous layer at high temperature, which contains organic or inorganic particles and heat-resistant polymer having aromatic ring in main chain and also having a melting temperature or a glass transition temperature of 170 to 500°C, is formed on one surface or both surfaces of a polyolefin microporous film by a phase separation, wherein the composite film with the porous layer has a permeability of 1.5x105 to 20.OxIO 5 Darcy, a meltdown temperature of 160 to 300°C, a MD/TD shrinkage of 1 to 40% at a temperature of 15O°C for 60 minutes.
B01D 71/00 - Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
73.
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE MICROPOROUS POLYOLEFIN COMPOSITE FILM WITH A THERMALLY STABLE LAYER AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
Provided is a method of manufacturing a microporous polyolefin composite film with a thermally stable porous layer at high temperature, particularly, to a method of manufacturing a microporous polyolefin composite film with a thermally stable porous layer at high temperature, comprising preparing a polyolefin microporous film using a composition containing a polyolefin resin; coating a solution, in which a high heat-resistant resin is dissolved in a solvent, on one surface or both surfaces of the polyolefin microporous film; phase-separating the polyolefin microporous film coated with the solution by contacting with a nonsolvent after the coating; and drying the polyolefin microporous film so as to remove the solvent and nonsolvent remained after the phase-separating, and thus forming the thermally stable layer at high temperature.
KOREA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (Republic of Korea)
DAELIM INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. (Republic of Korea)
DOOSAN MECATEC CO., LTD. (Republic of Korea)
KOREA NATIONAL OIL CORPORATION (Republic of Korea)
HYUNDAI ENGINEERING CO., LTD (Republic of Korea)
SK ENERGY CO., LTD. (Republic of Korea)
Inventor
Kim, Seung-Moon
Bae, Jong-Wook
Oh, Jong-Hyeok
Lee, Yun-Jo
Jun, Ki-Won
Abstract
The present invention relates to a cobalt/zirconium-phosphorus/silica catalyst in which cobalt, as an active ingredient, is impregnated on a zirconium-phosphorus/silica support prepared by treating the surface of silica with zirconium and phosphorus, and a method of preparing the catalyst. The catalyst has excellent reactivity since it has excellent heat and mass transfer properties due to a large pore structure of silica and increased reducibility of cobalt; excellent dispersion of cobalt and other activation substances during Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) reaction; and reduced sintering of cobalt particles during the reaction, and thus high CO conversion and stable selectivity for liquid hydrocarbon can be obtained during the F-T reaction.
B01J 27/182 - Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with silicon
C07C 1/04 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
75.
METHOD FOR PREPARING 1,3-BUTADIENE FROM NORMAL BUTENE BY USING CONTINUOUS-FLOW DUAL-BED REACTOR
The present invention relates to a method for preparing 1,3-butadiene by an oxidative dehydrogenation of normal butene through the use of a continuous-flow dual-bed reactor which is designed in such a manner that a fixed bed reactor thereof is filled with two types of catalysts and two catalyst layers are not physically mixed. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for preparing 1,3-butadiene through an oxidative dehydrogenation of normal butene using a C4 mixture, as a reactant, containing normal butene and normal butane, by using a continuous-flow dual-bed reactor employing a multi-component bismuth molybdate-based catalyst and a ferrite-based catalyst which have activations different from one another for the oxidative dehydrogenation of the isomers (1-butene, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene) of normal butene.
C07C 5/32 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
76.
METALLOCENE SUPPORTED CATALYST COMPOSITION AND A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF POLYOLEFIN USING THE SAME
The invention relates to a metallocene supported catalyst composition and a process for the preparation of polyolefin using the same. A metallocene supported catalyst composition according to the invention is prepared by bringing a compound of a group IV transition metal into contact with an inorganic or organic porous carrier treated with an ionic compound. Advantages of a metallocene supported catalyst composition of the invention include an increase in the catalyst activity during polymerization of slurry and an olefin compound in the vapor phase even at a low content of metallocene metal components within the carrier, and an improvement in solving process problems such as fouling, sheeting, plugging or the like.
KOREA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (Republic of Korea)
Inventor
Kang, Sin Young
Park, Cher Hee
Yoon, Young Seek
Cho, In Ho
Ahn, Hyung Woong
Park, Sam Ryong
Song, Jong Hee
Lee, Seong Ho
Sang, Byoung In
Suh, Young Woong
Um, Young Soon
Lee, Sun Mi
Abstract
The invention relates to a method of converting butyric acid contained in a fermented liquid of carbohydrates into biofuel. More specifically, the invention relates to a chemical conversion method comprising: isolating biohydrogen from gas generated in the production of butyric acid through carbohydrate fermentation and extracting butyric acid in the fermented liquid by using an insoluble solvent; producing butylbutyrate from the butyric acid by esterification; hydrocracking all or a part of the produced butylbutyrate to yield butanol. Advantages of the invention lie in the facts that biobutanol can be produced in an economical and efficient manner and that the produced biobutanol has oxidation stability outweighing that of conventional biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters), so butylbutyrate of a great value as novel biofuel may be produced together.
KOREA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (Republic of Korea)
DAELIM INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. (Republic of Korea)
DOOSAN MECATEC CO., LTD. (Republic of Korea)
KOREA NATIONAL OIL CORPORATION (Republic of Korea)
HYUNDAI ENGINEERING CO., LTD (Republic of Korea)
SK ENERGY CO., LTD. (Republic of Korea)
Inventor
Woo, Kwang Jae
Jun, Ki-Won
Kang, Suk-Hwan
Kim, Seung-Moon
Bae, Jong-Wook
Abstract
The present invention relates to a continuous separation and discharge apparatus and method of solid catalysts and liquid products for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactions, and more particularly, to a continuous separation and discharge apparatus and method of solid catalysts and products for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactions involving the conversion of synthetic gas into synthetic oil, by which products of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis including wax, as a long-chain hydrocarbon, can be stably obtained by continuously separating the products from a slurry comprising solid catalyst particles and the products using periodic pulses of a feeding gas and discharging the products through a lower portion of a reactor. Provided is a continuous separation and discharge apparatus of solid catalysts and products for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactions including: a level sensing device which is installed at an upper portion of a reactor and detects the slurry-level of reactants; a solid catalyst/ product separation device and a discharge device which are installed at a lower portion of the reactor and separate and discharge liquid products from a mixed slurry in the reactor; and a control unit which receives a signal from the level sensing device to open and close the discharge device, wherein the separation device filters the solid catalysts, and the discharge device continuously discharges the products separated from the solid catalysts through the lower portion of the reactor by the amount of the synthesized products measured by a level sensing device.
B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
79.
LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY AND MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR SAME
The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery with an improved structure and characteristics, and a manufacturing method for same. The lithium secondary battery of the present invention includes a first electrode having a first current collector, and first active material patterns formed on the first current collector such that the first active material patterns are symmetrical to each other with a first center non-coated portion formed therebetween; a second electrode having a second current collector, and second active material patterns formed on the second current collector such that the second active material patterns are symmetrical to each other with a second center non-coated portion formed therebetween; a first electrode tab connected to the first center non-coated portion; and a second electrode tab connected to the second center non-coated portion.
The present invention relates to a partial DPF (Partial Diesel Particulate Filter; referred to hereinbelow as a pDPF) device. It is an aim of the present invention to provide a device for reducing smoke in light-oil vehicles for a rapid acceleration response, in which a metal filter, which has been optimally designed for removing particulate matter produced during constant-speed running, is provided with an additional filter constructed in such a way as to minimise the discharge characteristics under rapid acceleration conditions while not greatly increasing the volume. The device for reducing smoke in light-oil vehicles for a rapid acceleration response of the present invention is an exhaust emission control device which is inserted into the exhaust pathway of a diesel engine, characterised in that it comprises: an oxidation catalyst (200) which uses a catalytic reaction to remove some of the harmful substances in the exhaust gas including CO, THC, NOx and SOF; a composite filter (100) which comprises a main filter (110) and a reinforcing filter (120) fitted over the outer circumference of the main filter (110), and which is for removing some of the harmful substances in the exhaust gas including soot; and a case for accommodating the oxidation catalyst (200) and composite filter (100) either integrally or individually, and in that the oxidation catalyst (200) and composite filter (100) are disposed sequentially from the upstream side of the flow of the exhaust gas.
F01N 3/24 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
81.
CATALYST FOR CATALYTIC CRACKING OF HYDROCARBON, WHICH IS USED IN PRODUCTION OF LIGHT OLEFIN AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF
KOREA RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (Republic of Korea)
Inventor
Choo, Dae Hyun
Kim, Hong Chan
Kim, Suk Joon
Kim, Ji Min
Kim, Tae Jin
Choi, Sun
Oh, Seung Hoon
Kim, Yong Seung
Park, Deuk Soo
Park, Young Ki
Lee, Chul Wee
Kim, Hee Young
Choi, Won Choon
Kang, Na Young
Song, Bu Sub
Abstract
The present invention relates to a catalyst used in the production of light olefin through catalytic cracking of naphtha in a severe condition of high temperatures and high humidity. More particularly, this invention relates to a catalyst for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon, which is used in production of light olefin and a production method thereof, wherein the catalyst is prepared by spray-drying and firing slurry mixed so that 0.01-5.0 wt% of MnO2 and 1-15 wt% of P2O5 are simultaneously supported on zeolite, clay and inorganic oxides. The disclosed catalyst not only improves hydrothermal stability of a spherical catalyst which is obtained by modifying zeolite and inorganic oxides with manganese and phosphorus simultaneously, but also protects acid sites of the zeolite. Thus, the light olefin can be obtained at a high yield in catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon of C4 or more such as naphtha. In addition, mass production is enabled and economical efficiency is increased through a simple production method of the catalyst.
The steam methane reformer using a premixed metal fiber burner which has a short flame length as well as a high temperature to thereby provide a high efficiency and also reduce a size, and a hydrogen station having the same. The steam methane reformer using a high performing metal fiber burner comprises a reforming part (110a) in which a catalyst for steam- re forming hydrocarbon materials and producing hydrogen is disposed; a combustion part (120) which is provided with a premixed metal fiber burner (120a) for generating heat required for the steam reforming reaction of the reaction tubes (110a); a raw material supplying part (130) for supplying hydrocarbon materials to the reaction tube (110a); and a hydrogen discharging part (140) for discharging hydrogen produced through the steam reforming reaction by the catalyst of the reaction tube (110a).
The present invention relates to conversion of exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxide (NOx) such as NO, NO2 and N2O into N2 and H2O through catalytic reaction with injection of a reducing agent such as ammonia and urea. A fabrication method of zeolite honeycomb type catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxide of the present invention includes: (a) obtaining an inorganic binder by mixing and uniformly peptizing pseudo-boehmite, distilled water and a pH adjuster; (b) obtaining a paste by mixing and kneading zeolite, the inorganic binder, an organic binder and distilled water; (c) extruding the paste into an extrudate having a through pore of a regular structure; and (d) drying and heat treating the extrudate.
The present invention relates to a circuit apparatus for protecting a pre-charge resistance using an inter- lock switch, and more particularly, to a circuit apparatus for protecting a pre-charge resistance by controlling a current flowing to a voltage transformer of an electric vehicle using an inter- lock switch and a polyswitch. The present invention provides a circuit apparatus for protecting a pre-charge resistance using an inter- lock switch, including a pre-charge resistance, a pre-charge relay and a main relay placed between a battery of a hybrid electric vehicle and a voltage transformer, wherein the circuit apparatus includes an inter- lock switch which is operated complementarily with the pre-charge relay and is for preventing continuous flow of an overcurrent to the voltage transformer and the resulting damage of the pre-charge resistance.
H02H 7/10 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from norm for rectifiers
85.
THE METHOD FOR MEASURING SOC OF A BATTERY IN BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND THE APPARATUS THEREOF
This invention is related to a method and an apparatus for choosing SOCi (State Of Charge based on current) or SOCv (State of Charge based on voltage) as the SOC (State Of Charge) of a battery depending on a condition in a battery management system by using an equivalent circuit model. In this invention, a method for measuring SOC of a battery in a battery management system is characterized by comprising the steps of: obtaining voltage data and temperature data by measuring the current, voltage and temperature of a battery; calculating SOCi by accumulating the current data; calculating open circuit voltage by using an equivalent circuit model which simply presents the current data, the voltage data and the battery through an electric circuit; calculating SOCv by using the temperature data and the open circuit voltage; and choosing at least one of the SOCi and the SOCv as SOC of the battery by using the SOCi and the SOCv based on the judgment on the current state of a vehicle for a certain time interval.
G01R 31/36 - Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
G01R 19/00 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
86.
THE METHOD FOR MEASURING SOC OF A BATTERY IN A BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND THE APPARATUS THEREOF
According to an embodiment of this invention, a method for measuring SOC (State Of Charge) of a battery comprises the steps of: obtaining current data, voltage data and temperature data by measuring the current, the voltage and the temperature of a battery; calculating SOCi (State of Charge based on current) by accumulating the current data; calculating open circuit voltage by using an equivalent circuit model which simply presents the current data, the voltage data and the battery through an electric circuit; calculating SOCv (State of Charge based on voltage) by using the temperature data and the open circuit voltage; and choosing at least one of the SOCi and the SOCv as SOC of the battery by using the SOCi and the SOCv based on the judgment on the current state of the battery for a certain time interval.
G01R 31/36 - Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
G01R 19/00 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
87.
TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES, CATALYSTS COMPOSITION CONTAINING THE SAME, AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING ETHYLENE HOMOPOLYMERS OR COPOLYMERS OF ETHYLENE AND ALPHA-OLEFINS USING THE SAME
The present invention relates to a transition metal complex useful as a transition metal catalyst in the preparation of an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and an α-olefin, a catalyst composition comprising the same and a process of preparing an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and an α-olefin using the same. More particularly, it relates to a transition metal complex having a cyclopentadiene derivative and at least one phenyl oxide ligand substituted at the 2 -position of phenyl with, for example, a silyl group having a C1-C30 hydrocarbon group or a C1-C2O hydrocarbon group, around a group IV transition metal, with no crosslinkage between the ligands, a catalyst composition comprising the transition metal complex and a cocatalyst selected from the group consisting of an aluminoxane and a boron compound, and a process for preparing an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and an α- olefin using the same.
The present invention relates to a cell balancing method for a high- voltage battery pack, and the method comprises steps of a) measuring an electromotive force of each cell composing the battery pack; b) selecting the cell to be balanced based on the electromotive force of the each cell; c) computing a total amount of charges used for balancing of the cell to be balanced; d) obtaining an accumulative amount of charges by accumulating an amount of current consumed for the balancing while performing the balancing of the cell to be balanced; and e) completing the balancing of the cell to be balanced when the accumulative amount of charges equals the total amount of charges.
H02J 7/02 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
The present invention relates to a flexible metal-clad laminate for a printed circuit board and a method of manufacturing the same. The flexible metal-clad laminate includes: a first polyimide layer that is disposed on one surface of the metal -clad and has thermal expansion coefficient of 20ppm/K or less; and a second polyimide layer that is disposed on one surface of the first polyimide layer and has thermal expansion coefficient of 20ppm/K or more, wherein a difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the first and second polyimide layers is within 5ppm/K and a glass transition temperature Tg of resin of the first polyimide layer is 300°C ឬ Tg ឬ 350°C, which is lower than a maximum curing temperature.
B32B 15/08 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
90.
MIXED MANGANESE FERRITE CATALYSTS, METHOD OF PREPARING THEREOF AND METHOD OF PREPARING 1,3-BUTADIENE USING THEREOF
The present invention provides a method of producing a mixed manganese ferrite catalyst, and a method of preparing 1,3 -butadiene using the mixed manganese ferrite catalyst. Specifically, the present invention provides a method of producing a mixed manganese ferrite catalyst through a coprecipitation method which is performed at a temperature of 10 ~ 40 °C, and to a method of preparing 1,3 -butadiene using the mixed manganese ferrite catalyst through an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction, in which a C4 mixture containing n-butene, n-butane and other impurities is directly used as reactants without performing additional n-butane separation process or n-butene extraction. The present invention is advantageous in that 1,3-butadiene can be prepared directly using a C4 mixture including n-butane at a high concentration as a reactant through an oxidative hydrogenation reaction without performing an additional n-butane separation process, and 1,3-butadiene, having high activity, can be also obtained in high yield for a long period of time.
B01J 23/84 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
91.
SAFETY APPARATUS AND PROTECTION METHOD OF SECONDARY BATTERY FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE USING SWITCH
The present invention relates to a safety apparatus and a protection method of a secondary battery, which can prevent explosion and fire of the secondary battery using a switch or a rupture switch attached on the outside of the secondary battery if a swelling degree of the secondary battery reaches a predetermined value when the secondary battery is swelled due to abnormal usage such as overcharge, short-circuit, reverse-connection and heat-exposure of large-capacity lithium polymer battery.
The present invention relates to a safeguard apparatus preventing overcharge for a secondary battery. The safeguard apparatus preventing overcharge for a secondary battery that is comprised of a plurality of cells 10 which are arranged at regular intervals and respectively comprise a cathode 1, an anode 2 and electrolyte 3, wherein the secondary battery is comprised of a connection part 20 which is formed of a conductive material and disposed at an upper side of each cell 10; and a cut-off unit 200 which is formed of a conductive material and contacted with or separated from the connection unit 20 so as to switch on/off electric connection of the cells 10, is characterised to have a mechanical operating mechanism and is provided between the adjacent cells 10 of the secondary battery so as to convert horizontal force generated by change in volume of each cell 10 into vertical force.
Disclosed herein is an apparatus for generating hydrogen by steam reforming. The apparatus comprises: a casing having provided in the central portion thereof a combustion section for producing high-temperature reaction heat; a flame guide provided such that it forms the outer wall of the combustion section while a space is provided outside thereof; a plurality of catalytic tubes arranged concentrically with respect to the combustion section in the space outside the flame guide; a feed supply manifold disposed at one side of the inside of the casing so as to distribute a feed supplied from the outside of the apparatus to each of the catalytic tubes; a reformate manifold connected with one end of each of the catalytic tubes so as to discharge a reformate obtained by the reforming reaction to the outside of the apparatus; and a support member which consists of an inner ring plate formed at one side of the inside of the casing and an outer ring plate disposed concentrically around the outer circumference of the inner ring plate and which has formed at the boundary between the inner and outer ring plates tube holes into which one end of each of the catalytic tubes is inserted. In the hydrogen generating apparatus, the structure of the support member supporting the plurality of catalytic tubes is simply divided into the inner ring plate and the outer ring plate, such that the expansion and shrinkage of the support member by thermal stress can be efficiently compensated for. As a result, deformation and breakdown of the support member caused by thermal stress can be prevented, thus improving the overall durability and stability of the hydrogen generating apparatus.
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
94.
HYDROGEN GENERATOR WITH EASY START-UP AND STABLE OPERATION AND HIGH EFFICIENCY
The present invention provides a hydrogen generator for generating hydrogen through a steam-reforming process using hydrocarbons as a raw material and a method of operating the same, and, more particularly, provides a hydrogen generator for generating hydrogen through a steam reforming process, which can be stably operated because water is introduced into the hydrogen generator in the form of single phase vapor, and which can achieve high thermal efficiency using a proper heat exchanging method, and to a method of operating the same. According to the present invention, there is provided a heat exchanger network, in which heat necessary for a reforming reaction are obtained by the heat exchange of high-temperature exhaust gas or reformed gas, and in which, in a water gas converting reaction and a PSA reaction conducted at low temperatures compared to the reforming reaction, heat exchange is performed by low-temperature air or water, and the heat-exchanged air and the residual gas in the PSA reaction are used as a heat supply source for the reforming reactor together with fuel hydrocarbons, thereby minimizing the thermal loss of the hydrogen generator.
The present invention relates to a catalyst for treating exhaust gas of diesel LNG dual fuel vehicles, in which palladium and platinum as catalyst active ingredients are impregnated. The catalyst for treating exhaust gas of diesel LNG dual fuel vehicles has the excellent methane oxidation activity and the excellent sulfur poisoning prevention effect.
The present invention relates to a unit set having a plurality of lithium rechargeable batteries, which can receive and protect a plurality of lithium rechargeable batteries comprised of an pouch and an electrode tap and facilely change a voltage and a capacity thereof according to a degree of freedom in a stack structure of the lithium rechargeable batteries, and a set having a plurality of the unit sets.
Disclosed herein is a hydrogen generating apparatus for producing hydrogen from a hydrocarbon feed through a steam reforming reaction, in which a pressure drop device is installed between a feed distributor and each of reactor tubes in order to prevent the feed from being unevenly distributed to the reactor tubes. In the hydrogen generating apparatus, the pressure drop device for artificially dropping the supply pressure of the feed is installed between the feed distributor and each of the reactor tubes which are concentrically arranged with respect to a heat source. Accordingly, if the feed is unevenly distributed, the pressure drop device can suppress an abnormal temperature rise in some of the reactor tubes to induce the smooth production of hydrogen and to greatly improve the operational safety of the hydrogen generating apparatus.
C01B 3/26 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
98.
A CATALYST FOR TREATING EXHAUST GAS OF NATURAL GAS VEHICLES
The present invention relates to a catalyst for treating exhaust gas of natural gas vehicles, which can efficiently remove methane as a main ingredient contained in the exhaust gas. The catalyst for treating exhaust gas of natural gas vehicles has the excellent methane oxidation activity and also maintains the excellent catalytic activity even after the hydro thermal aging.
F01N 3/20 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
99.
AUTOMATIC CHARGE EQUALIZATION METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SERIES CONNECTED BATTERY STRING
KOREA ADVANCED INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (Republic of Korea)
Inventor
Lee, Joong Hui
Jang, Soo Yeup
Oh, Jeon Keun
Moon, Gun Woo
Kim, Chong Eun
Park, Hong Sun
Kim, Chol Ho
Abstract
The present invention relates to an automatic charge equalization apparatus and method having an automatic PWM generating means for a series-connected battery string. The automatic charge equalization method and apparatus for a series -connected battery string according to the present invention can improve charge equalization by accomplishing charge equalization operation after comparing the potential of the corresponding battery cell with the average potential of the plurality of battery cells including the corresponding battery cell upon charging or discharging the corresponding battery cell.
H02J 7/02 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
100.
BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WITH INTEGRATION OF VOLTAGE SENSOR AND CHARGE EQUALIZER
KOREA ADVANCED INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (Republic of Korea)
Inventor
Lee, Joong Hui
Jang, Soo Yeup
Oh, Jeon Keun
Moon, Gun Woo
Park, Hong Sun
Kim, Chol Ho
Abstract
A battery management system according to the present invention comprises a battery module consisted of a plurality of batteries connected in series; a switch module connected in parallel to the battery module; a voltage sensor measuring a voltage of each battery composing the battery module; a charge equalizer causing each battery composing the battery module to be charged, discharged or charged/discharged; and a microprocessor controlling the switch module to determine whether to charge or discharge each battery composing the battery module according to the voltage values measured by the voltage sensor and; wherein the voltage sensor and the charge equalizer are connected in parallel to each battery composing the battery module by the switch module.
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