Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for an inverter which receives a direct current (DC) input, and outputs an alternating current (AC) output. A high AC voltage is achieved by serially connecting AC outputs from inversion modules included in the inverter. Multiple inversion stages are serially connected in order to form the AC output. Windings around a common core of the inverter may cause ripple currents to be shared by the inversion modules. Utilizing a common core enables reducing low frequency ripple currents.
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
H02J 7/02 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
H02M 5/04 - Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
A heat spreader for an electrical component or components that may include a first surface and one or more cooling fins. The first surface may be configured to be connected to a second surface at a first side of the first surface. The cooling fin(s) may be connected (e.g., perpendicularly connected) to the first surface at a second side of the first surface. The cooling fin(s) may be configured to be thermally coupled to the electrical component or components, which are located at the second side of the first surface. The cooling fin(s) may conduct heat from the electrical component to the first surface.
Systems, methods and apparatuses for power systems and energy storage systems are disclosed herein. The system, or part thereof, may be configured to determine an operational plan for controlling device(s) (e.g., an energy storage device and/or a load device) such that the device(s) may increase their power consumption in response to an increasing voltage at a grid connection point thus reducing the probability that the voltage level at the grid connection point rises to or above an upper limit. The system, or part thereof, may identify external conditions that may cause harm to one or more energy storage devices (e.g., a battery pack). A controller (e.g., battery management system, or part thereof) may be used to determine critical external conditions or high-risk conditions based on sensor data, and/or to determine mitigation actions or send alerts. The system may comprise one or more energy storage devices that may be stacked together.
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 50/251 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders specially adapted for stationary devices, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
H02J 3/12 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
Goods & Services
Electrical apparatus and instruments comprised of
solid-state transformers (SSTs) or converter, for
conducting, switching, transforming, converting, regulating,
conditioning, protecting, monitoring and controlling
electricity for the electrical infrastructure of data
centers and EV charging infrastructure with embedded
operating software sold as a unit; uninterruptible power
supplies (UPS) for electrical infrastructure of data
centers. Installation, repair and maintenance services of electrical
apparatus and instruments comprised of solid-state
transformers (SSTs) or converter for the electrical
infrastructure of data centers and EV charging
infrastructure; installation, repair and maintenance
services of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) for
electrical infrastructure of data centers.
5.
System and Methods for Determining Characteristics of a Photovoltaic Panel
Systems and methods are described herein for providing power for enabling electroluminescence imaging of photovoltaic panels. The system may comprise a diode in a power converter, where the diode may restrict reverse current flow to the photovoltaic panel. The system may comprise a power device configured to be coupled to a photovoltaic panel. The power device may comprise an auxiliary power circuit which may provide power to the power device from the photovoltaic panel or form a power source connected to a power system controller. The power device may control a switch to provide a current path for reverse current to flow to the photovoltaic panel. An imager may capture an image of the panel.
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02M 3/156 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
Goods & Services
Electrical apparatus and instruments comprised of solid-state transformers (SSTs) or converter, for conducting, switching, transforming, converting, regulating, conditioning, protecting, monitoring and controlling electricity for the electrical infrastructure of data centers and EV charging infrastructure with embedded operating software sold as a unit; uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) for electrical infrastructure of data centers. Installation, repair and maintenance services of electrical apparatus and instruments comprised of solid-state transformers (SSTs) or converter for the electrical infrastructure of data centers and EV charging infrastructure; installation, repair and maintenance services of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) for electrical infrastructure of data centers.
7.
APPARATUSES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS FOR OPTIMIZING POWER PRODUCTION FROM A POWER GENERATING APPARATUS
Apparatuses, systems and methods are described for optimizing power production from power generating devices by dynamically grouping the power generators. The power generating devices may be dynamically grouped into power sources according to a Maximum Power Point of the power generators, and the power output of the grouped generators may be controlled by alternatively connecting the output of the power sources. The output power may also be optimized by dynamically grouping the power generators, so that a maximum power may be generated.
H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the networkCircuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
G05B 13/02 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for a smart energy home. The smart energy home may promote optimization of consumption of electricity by appliances and other consumer devices. Prioritization of where and when electricity may be provided to various appliances, chargers, or other devices which draw electrical power may be managed by the smart energy home. Information concerning prevailing weather conditions and contemporaneous electrical tariffs may be utilized in processes executed by the smart energy home. Related systems, apparatuses, and methods are also described.
Disclosed is a containerized heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system comprising an HVAC unit and one or more ducts from the HVAC unit to an equipment rack. The ducts prevent mixing between the fresh and exhaust airflow, thus improving efficiency. Sensors located at sources of heat generating equipment within the racks may be used by controllers to monitor temperatures of the components at the source of heat generation, typically at the highest temperatures. The temperatures may be aggregated to determine the temperatures of devices, modules, racks, and the container interior cavity. Dampers on the ducts, at the rack inlets, at the module inlets, at the devices inlets, and such may assist in regulating airflow preferentially to the hottest components, devices, modules, or racks.
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for a backup system. The configuration of the backup system in terms of number of load groups, power sources, and/or total power limit may be altered. An interface enclosure of the backup system may include a housing for electric circuitry, where the housing may be a clam-shell design including a base plate and a backup interface module. The base plate may comprise a frame, one or more detachable hinges, and/or two or more multi-terminals. The base plate may include a plurality of multi-terminals. The multi-terminals may be arranged to connect to one or more load groups, power sources, power devices, other multi-terminals, etc. Each load group that is connected to the multi-terminals may be disconnected from the utility grid and connected to the one or more sources of backup power in the case of a utility grid shutdown.
G05B 19/042 - Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
H04L 12/18 - Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
11.
Systems, Methods, and Apparatuses for Power Systems and Energy Storage Systems
Systems, methods and apparatuses for power systems and energy storage systems are disclosed herein. The system, or part thereof, may be configured to determine an operational plan for controlling device(s) (e.g., an energy storage device and/or a load device) such that the device(s) may increase their power consumption in response to an increasing voltage at a grid connection point thus reducing the probability that the voltage level at the grid connection point rises to or above an upper limit. The system, or part thereof, may identify external conditions that may cause harm to one or more energy storage devices (e.g., a battery pack). A controller (e.g., battery management system, or part thereof) may be used to determine critical external conditions or high-risk conditions based on sensor data, and/or to determine mitigation actions or send alerts. The system may comprise one or more energy storage devices that may be stacked together.
H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 10/658 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
H01M 50/284 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders with incorporated circuit boards, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB]
H01M 50/367 - Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or caseDouble cover vent systems
H01M 50/516 - Methods for interconnecting adjacent batteries or cells by welding, soldering or brazing
12.
Bypass Circuit and Method to Bypass Power Modules in Power System
A method for a power system is disclosed. The method includes receiving signals, activating switches to pass a current from a power source to an apparatus. The method also includes deactivating switches and bypassing the power source. The power source may be a photovoltaic power source. The signals may be power line communication (PLC) signals.
Systems and methods are described herein for an electrical system comprising a mechanical connector and a retrofit enclosure configured to be disposed over the connector. The adapter may comprise a controller configured to maintain safe provision of power, such as by detecting a potential overheating and/or arcing conditions. For example, the controller may detect changes in temperature, voltage, current and/or acoustic noise associated with the mechanical connector, and take responsive action.
Aspects of the disclosure relate to incorporation of power electronics with PV modules and PV cell arrays. Further aspects relate to the mounting location of power electronics and the heat sinking of power electronics.
H02S 40/32 - Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
H02M 3/00 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
15.
Apparatus, System, and Method for Providing Backup Energy
Systems and methods are described herein for an electrical system comprising a battery energy storage system, a transformer, an alternating current interface, and an alternating current network coupled to the AC interface. The system may comprise a controller configured to maintain safe provision of power, such as by detecting an islanding condition. For example, the controller may detect changes in current associated with a power phase which are indicative of an islanding condition, disconnect portions of a circuit, detect voltage indicative of the islanding condition, and take responsive action.
H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
An apparatus comprising an input stage comprising a first input, a second input, a first AC coupler, and a second AC coupler. The first AC coupler is coupled between the first input and a third input. The second AC coupler is coupled between the second input and a fourth input. A comparator coupled to the third input, the fourth input, and an output. The comparator provides an output signal at the output based on a comparison between a level of a first voltage at the third input, and a level of a second voltage at the fourth input. A feedback circuit, coupled to the output, the third input, and the fourth input. The feedback circuit receives the output signal, and provides, based on the output signal, a first feedback voltage to the third input.
H03K 17/687 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the use of specified components by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
A photovoltaic (PV) system can include a plurality of PV modules and circuitry configured to receive an indication of a status of the PV system and to, in response to the indication, determine whether to switch between a first state in which the PV modules output DC power and a second state in which the PV modules do not output power.
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H02S 40/32 - Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
H02S 50/00 - Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
H02S 50/10 - Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
Various implementations described herein are directed to a method for detecting, by a device, an increase in temperature at certain parts of an electrical system, and taking appropriate responsive action. The method may include measuring temperatures at certain locations within the system and estimating temperatures at other locations based on the measurements. Some embodiments disclosed herein include an integrated cable combining electrical conduction and heat-detection capabilities, or an integrated cable or connector combining electrical conduction with a thermal fuse.
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
G01K 11/06 - Measuring temperature based on physical or chemical changes not covered by group , , , or using melting, freezing, or softening
G08B 17/06 - Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
H01H 33/02 - High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means Details
H01H 85/04 - Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
H02H 1/00 - Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
H02H 3/33 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to difference between voltages or between currentsEmergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H02S 40/36 - Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for power conversion. In some examples, the power conversion may be done by an inverter configured to convert a direct current (DC) input to an alternating current (AC) output. The inverter may include a plurality of capacitors connected at the input of a DC/AC module. The system may include a housing configured to house the inverter. Voltage control circuitry may be configured to increase a voltage at the input of the DC/AC module inside the housing of the inverter.
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
20.
Apparatus, System and Method for Determining a PV Module Location
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for determining the location of a PV module. A computing device may determine the location of the PV module using a shading device with GPS circuitry. The shading device may be used to create a shadow by blocking light to at least a part of the PV module. This may result in a decrease in power of the PV module. The computing device may correlate the decrease in power with the location of the shading device to determine the location of the PV module.
Disclosed is a housing and a cover, e.g., for a power device. The housing and cover may be coupled to each other to form an enclosure. The housing and cover may be coupled using snap-fit connectors, and form an ingress protection rated enclosure. The housing and cover may comprise a seal, a seal retainer, a retainer guide, and one or more snap-fit connectors. For each snap-fit connector, a rotating element may be incorporated into the housing and/or cover. Each rotating element may comprise a mechanical element for releasing the snap-fit connection, and/or a cam for converting a rotating motion of the rotating element to a linear motion that applies force to the cover from inside the enclosure. By rotating the rotating elements, the cover may be released from the housing and removed. Rotating the rotating elements may unseal a sealed connection, de-couple the housing and cover, and open the enclosure.
The MPPT methods described herein use different MPPT timesteps with corresponding voltage steps. The voltage step may applied based on the MPPT timestep or vice versa. According to one example, a power difference between the output power level of the photovoltaic panel is determined and a previous output power level. For each MPPT frequency, the voltage of the photovoltaic panel by a voltage step corresponding to the MPPT frequency is modified based on the power difference. According to another example, a voltage step which corresponds to the power difference is determined. A timestep corresponding to the voltage step is determined and the voltage of the photovoltaic panel is modified by the voltage step for the duration of the timestep.
A relay array may connect an electrical device (e.g., an inverter, power converter, etc.) to a utility grid. Based on a detection of a power interruption or fault, the relay array may disconnect the electrical device from the grid to ensure safety or reduce damage to the electrical device or grid. The relay array may include one or more electromechanical relays (e.g., latching relays). A safety catch may prevent the latching relay(s) from changing states. The electrical device may be configured to facilitate removal of the safety catch once the ability to change states is desired. The latching relay(s) may also be supplied with a power pulse for changing a state of the latching relay(s). The power pulse may be provided by a power bank that may be maintained with power in case of a power interruption or fault.
H01H 47/22 - Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
H01H 47/00 - Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
24.
Method and Apparatus for Storing and Depleting Energy
A method to control storage into and depletion from multiple energy storage devices. The method enables an operative connection between the energy storage devices and respective power converters. The energy storage devices are connectible across respective first terminals of the power converters. At the second terminals of the power converter, a common reference is set which may be a current reference or a voltage reference. An energy storage fraction is determined respectively for the energy storage devices. A voltage conversion ratio is maintained individually based on the energy storage fraction. The energy storage devices are stored individually with multiple variable rates of energy storage through the first terminals. The energy storage is complete for the energy storage devices substantially at a common end time responsive to the common reference.
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/02 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 7/217 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
25.
System and Method For Interconnected Elements of a Power System
A power system and a power method for a power system that includes a first power source operatively connected to an input of a first power device. The power system also includes a switch unit having a first input operatively connected to the output of the first power device. The power system further includes a second power source operatively connected to a second input of a second power device. A second output of the second power device connects to a second input of the switch unit, wherein a third output of the switch unit provides an output parameter responsive to at least one of the output of the first power device and the second output of the second power device.
G05F 1/67 - Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
H02J 3/06 - Controlling transfer of power between connected networksControlling sharing of load between connected networks
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
H02M 5/02 - Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC
H02M 7/42 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for power conversion to, from, and/or between different power buses. The power conversion may be from a power source to a power bus, from a power bus to a power source, between a first power bus and a second power bus, etc. The power conversion may be from a DC power source and/or an AC power source to a DC bus and/or an AC bus. The power conversion may be from a DC bus and/or an AC bus to a DC power source that may be chargeable and/or configured to receive power. The power conversion may be from a DC bus to an AC bus, from an AC bus to a DC bus, from a first DC bus to a second DC bus, from a first AC bus to a second AC bus, etc. One or more of the buses may be for backup loads.
H02M 1/10 - Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from AC or DC
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 4/00 - Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
Various implementations described herein are directed to systems, apparatuses and methods for operating stand-alone power systems. The systems may include power generators (e.g., photovoltaic generators and/or wind turbines), storage devices (e.g., batteries and/or flywheels), power modules (e.g., power converters) and loads. The methods may include various methods for monitoring, determining, controlling and/or predicting system power generation, system power storage and system power consumption.
H02J 3/06 - Controlling transfer of power between connected networksControlling sharing of load between connected networks
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
A power system may comprise a power system controller and a power storage. The power system controller may comprise a first pair of power terminals, a second pair of power terminals, at least one switch, and a central controller coupled to the at least one switch. The power storage may comprise storage power terminals connected to the first pair of power terminals. The second pair of power terminals may be coupled to a power source. The power system controller may be configured to control the switch to connect and disconnect the second pair of power terminals. The power system controller may be configured to receive power from the power storage during a process of connecting and disconnecting the second pair of power terminals.
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
Systems and/or methods for mapping power device in a string of serially connected power devices are disclosed herein. A power source may apply a source voltage to a first end of the string. A power system controller coupled to the two ends of the string may send a first signal to the power devices in the string. The power devices in the string, responsive to receiving the first signal, may measure electrical characteristics of the power devices, where the measured electrical characteristics may indicate the parasitic leakage of the power devices. The power devices may send second signals to the power system controller to report the measured electrical characteristics. The power system controller may determine the mapping of the power devices in the string based on the second signals.
A method of signaling between a photovoltaic module and an inverter module. The inverter module is connected to the photovoltaic module. In an initial mode of operation an initial code is modulated thereby producing an initial signal. The initial signal is transmitted from the inverter module to the photovoltaic module. The initial signal is received by the photovoltaic module. The operating mode is then changed to a normal mode of power conversion, and during the normal mode of operation a control signal is transmitted from the inverter to the photovoltaic module. A control code is demodulated and received from the control signal. The control code is compared with the initial code producing a comparison. The control command of the control signal is validated as a valid control command from the inverter module with the control command only acted upon when the comparison is a positive comparison.
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H10F 77/00 - Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
An apparatus includes a converter comprising a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal. The converter is configured to receive an input voltage between the first terminal and the second terminal and to produce an output voltage between the second terminal and the third terminal.
H02M 7/538 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a push-pull configuration
H02J 1/08 - Three-wire systemsSystems having more than three wires
H02J 4/00 - Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
H02M 3/00 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
H02M 3/07 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 5/293 - Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
32.
Circuit for Interconnected Direct Current Power Sources
Controlling a power converter circuit for a direct current (DC) power source is disclosed. The power converter may be operative to convert input power received from the DC power source to an output power and to perform maximum power point tracking of the power source. The power converter is adapted to provide the output power to a load that also performs maximum power point tracking.
A power system may include a plurality of power sources and an inverter. The inverter may include a controller and a switch leg with one or more switches. The controller may control the inverter to convert direct current (DC) power generated by the plurality of power sources into alternating current (AC) power by variously controlling the switches of the switch leg during first and second time periods of a power cycle.
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
Various implementations described herein are directed to determining an order or locations of power devices connected in a serial string to a central power device. The order or locations may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium.
Aspects of the disclosure may relate to a system and method for increasing the cost savings and/or reducing amount of money spent by a client based on the charging and discharging of energy storage device(s) using a two-tier process. The first tier may include finding a storage operational mode or policy by optimizing an objective function, according to which the battery of the energy storage device(s) may be managed in a given timestep (e.g., the next 5 minutes). The second tier may include controlling the charging or discharging of the battery according to the previously determined policy.
An power system for a power system. The power system includes multiple electrical power sources and an enclosure operatively connected to the power sources at multiple input terminals. Multiple loads operatively connect to the enclosure at multiple output terminals by multiple cables. The enclosure includes the input terminals and the output terminals and a controller unit. Multiple selection units operatively connect to the controller unit, multiple power converters are connected to multiple connection paths. The selection units connect to at least one of multiple switches connected in the connection paths. Multiple sensor units are operatively attached to the controller unit which is configured to sence multiple parameters in the connection paths. Responsive to the parameters sensed by the sensor units, the selection units select the connection paths between the electrical power sources and the loads.
B60L 53/20 - Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehiclesCharging stations or on-board charging equipment thereforExchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
B60L 53/50 - Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
B60L 53/57 - Charging stations without connection to power networks
B60L 55/00 - Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
H01R 13/66 - Structural association with built-in electrical component
H02J 3/14 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 4/00 - Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for direct current (DC) bus management. In some examples, an energy storage device may be controlled to balance the voltage of the DC bus to maintain a substantially constant voltage on the DC bus. In some examples, control circuitry may determine the total power produced and the total power consumed of the power system and control the energy storage device to balance the power. The energy storage device may balance the power while maintaining a substantially constant voltage on the DC bus. In some examples, a DC to alternating current (AC) converter may be connected between the DC bus and an AC bus, and/or an AC to DC converter may be connected between the AC bus and the DC bus. The DC to AC converter and the AC to DC converter may have different power ratings.
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for a transformer supporting two or more sets of windings electrically connected to different voltage levels. Use of stress control materials or composite materials (comprising a matrix and filler) may direct electrical fields caused by the different voltage levels to have a lowered electrical field amplitude.
A system includes a central controller for determining at least one parameter for a load connector of a load. The system also includes a central transceiver for transmitting a signal relating to the least one parameter of the load connector. The load connector comprises input terminals for connecting to power lines of a power distribution network, output terminals for connecting to the load, a switch for connecting/disconnecting the input terminals to/from the output terminals, a connector transceiver for receiving the signal, a voltage sensor for measuring a voltage across the input terminals, and a connector controller. The connector controller may determine a voltage disconnect threshold for the load connector based on the at least one parameter. The connector controller may control the switch to connect the output terminals to the input terminals based on a voltage measurement and the voltage disconnect threshold.
A power converter includes an input circuit, an output circuit and a controller. The output circuit may comprise a plurality of output terminals configured to be connected to a plurality of loads. The input circuit may comprise a plurality of input terminals configured to be connected to one or more power sources. An inductive element may be coupled between the input circuit and the output circuit. The output circuit may feature one or more voltage compensation circuits connected between two output terminals, the voltage compensation circuits activated to compensate an output voltage at one of the two output terminals.
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
A photovoltaic module is presented, which may include a photovoltaic panel and a converter circuit having a primary input connected to the photovoltaic panel and a secondary output galvanically isolated from the primary input. The primary input may be connectible to multiple input terminals within a junction box and at least one of the input terminals may be electrically connected to a ground. The photovoltaic module may include multiple interconnected photovoltaic cells connected electrically to multiple connectors (for example bus-bars). The photovoltaic module may include input terminals operable for connecting to the connectors and an isolated converter circuit. The isolated converter circuit may include a primary input connected to the input terminals and a secondary output galvanically isolated from the primary input.
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H02S 40/36 - Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
H10F 10/00 - Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
H10F 77/00 - Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
A photovoltaic power generation system, having a photovoltaic panel, which has a direct current (DC) output and a micro-inverter with input terminals and output terminals. The input terminals are adapted for connection to the DC output. The micro-inverter is configured for converting an input DC power received at the input terminals to an output alternating current (AC) power at the output terminals. A bypass current path between the output terminals may be adapted for passing current produced externally to the micro-inverter. The micro-inverter is configured to output an alternating current voltage significantly less than a grid voltage.
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
H02J 3/42 - Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with automatic parallel connection when synchronism is achieved
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
An apparatus for harvesting energy, such as solar, wind, wave, thermal, and the like, including a solar panel and a duct supporting the solar panel at an operational angle. The duct comprises a bottom shroud and side shrouds, therein forming a large aperture, a small aperture, and an oblique frustum shaped cavity. The oblique frustum shaped cavity is configured to direct a flow of fluid from the large aperture to the small aperture. A flow energy generator, such as a turbine, located at the small aperture is configured to collect flow energy. Temperature differences between the solar panel and the environment may be used to harvest thermal energy with a thermoelectric generator. Fluid flow under the solar panel may decrease the panel temperature and increase the efficiency. Generators may be operated in reverse to lower the solar panel temperature and increase efficiency.
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
F03B 13/14 - Adaptations of machines or engines for special useCombinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatusPower stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
F03D 3/04 - Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
F03D 9/00 - Adaptations of wind motors for special useCombinations of wind motors with apparatus driven therebyWind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
H02J 4/00 - Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
A multi-level inverter having one or more banks, each bank containing a plurality of low voltage MOSFET transistors. A processor configured to switch the plurality of low voltage MOSFET transistors in each bank to switch at multiple times during each cycle.
H02M 7/48 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02M 7/483 - Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltage levels
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
45.
Bracket for Connection of a Junction Box to Photovoltaic Panels
A device for attaching a junction box to a photovoltaic. The photovoltaic panel has a photovoltaic side and a non-photovoltaic side. The device includes a bracket with a first side attachable to the junction box and a second side attachable to the non-photovoltaic surface of the photovoltaic panel. A central fastener is attachable at one end to the bracket and a plate is adapted for connecting to the other end of the central fastener and for mounting on the photovoltaic side of the photovoltaic panel. One or more rotatable spacers, connectible to the central fastener, may be located on the non-photovoltaic side of the photovoltaic panel. One or more fixed spacers may be located on the non-photovoltaic side connectible to the bracket.
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
F16B 1/00 - Devices for securing together, or preventing relative movement between, constructional elements or machine parts
H02G 3/08 - Distribution boxesConnection or junction boxes
Apparatus, systems, and methods for designing photovoltaic panels are described herein. The photovoltaic panels are composed substrings of photovoltaic cells. The substrings of photovoltaic cells may be oriented in a horizontal fashion with respect to a layout of the photovoltaic panels. In the event of snow coverage, partial shading, mutual shading, and so forth, orienting the substrings of the photovoltaic cells in this manner enables those substrings which are disposed higher up in the photovoltaic panel to resume operation even while those substrings which are disposed lower down in the photovoltaic panel remain covered, shaded or otherwise blocked or impeded from functioning. Accordingly, the overall productivity of a photovoltaic panel designed as described herein is increased. Related apparatus, systems, and methods are also described.
H01L 31/0443 - PV modules or arrays of single PV cells including bypass diodes comprising bypass diodes integrated or directly associated with the devices, e.g. bypass diodes integrated or formed in or on the same substrate as the photovoltaic cells
H01L 31/05 - Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
H01L 31/18 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H02S 50/00 - Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for power conversion. The power conversion may be done by a plurality of power devices with different configurations. For example, the plurality of power devices may include one or more converters with an upside-up buck configuration and one or more converters with an upside-down buck configuration. The power conversion may be done by one or more power devices that may be configurable between different modes of configuration. For example, one or more power converters may be configured in either an upside-up buck configuration mode or an upside-down buck configuration mode. The selection of a certain mode of configuration of the converter may be permanent or non-permanent.
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
An apparatus of a junction box component housed in a junction box and designed to be coupled to a power generator. The junction box component may include one or more bypass mechanisms configured to bypass one or more substrings of the power generator in a case of malfunction or mismatch between the substring and the remainder of the power generators. The one or more bypass mechanisms may generate heat which may be transferred out of the junction box. The junction box component may be designed to conduct the heat towards the base of the junction box and/or the cover of the junction box. A heat dissipation mechanism may be mounted on the base and/or the cover. A bypass mechanism may bypass the entire power generator.
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H01L 31/052 - Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
H02G 3/16 - Distribution boxesConnection or junction boxes structurally associated with support for line-connecting terminals within the box
49.
Maximizing Power in a Photovoltaic Distributed Power System
A power harvesting system including multiple parallel-connected photovoltaic strings, each photovoltaic string includes a series-connection of photovoltaic panels. Multiple voltage-compensation circuits may be connected in series respectively with the photovoltaic strings. The voltage-compensation circuits may be configured to provide respective compensation voltages to the photovoltaic strings to maximize power harvested from the photovoltaic strings. The voltage-compensation circuits may be include respective inputs which may be connected to a source of power and respective outputs which may be connected in series with the photovoltaic strings.
Disclosed herein are systems and methods for operation of a switched capacitor converter (SCC). In some variations, the SCC includes a resonant circuit including an inductor. Aspects of the disclosure include methods for controlling the SCC switches to decrease switching losses associated with operating the converter and to increase efficiency of the SCC. According to some aspects, a control method is used to switch converter switches under zero-voltage conditions. According to some aspects, a control method is used to switch converter switches under zero-current conditions.
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
H02M 1/088 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
H02M 3/00 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
H02M 3/07 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
51.
Providing Positional Awareness Information and Increasing Power Quality of Parallel Connected Inverters
A method and a system sense at least one phase difference between at least two phases of a group of parallel connected three phase AC output terminals (e.g., a first phase AC output terminal, a second phase AC output terminal, or a third phase AC output terminal). The parallel connected AC output terminals may be three parallel connected DC to AC three phase inverters. Features of the parallel connected three phase AC output terminals enable wiring of conductors to one phase of an AC output terminal to be swapped with wiring of conductors of one phase of another phase AC output terminal. A sign of at least one phase difference is verified different from signs of other phase differences thereby the system determining the lateral position of the at least one three phase inverters relative to at least one other of the three phase inverters.
H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the networkCircuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/48 - Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
H02J 7/34 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 7/00 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power outputConversion of DC power input into AC power output
H02M 7/42 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
H02M 7/493 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for electrical switching. In some examples. electrical switching is performed by a plurality of switching arrangements. The plurality of switching arrangements may be connected in parallel to one another.
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
An apparatus includes a first leg having a plurality of transistors connected in series between a first node and a second node. Each of the plurality of transistors includes a respective body diode. The apparatus further includes a second leg connected between the first node and the second node and in parallel to the series connection of the plurality of transistors of the first leg. The second leg includes a first transistor. The second leg has lower reverse recovery losses relative to the first leg.
H03K 17/06 - Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state
H03K 17/10 - Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage
H03K 17/12 - Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched current
H03K 17/16 - Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
H03K 17/567 - Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
H03K 17/687 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the use of specified components by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
54.
Circuit For A Power Device And Graphical User Interface
An apparatus for a system power device utilized in an interconnected power system. The interconnected power system may include multiple system power devices connected to various inter connections of groups of direct currents (DC) from power sources which also may be connected in various series, parallel, series parallel and parallel series combinations for example. The apparatus may include a processor connected to a memory and a communication interface operatively attached to the processor. The communication interface may be adapted to connect to a mobile computing system of a user in close proximity to the system power devices. A graphical user interface (GUI) of the mobile computing system may allow various operational and re-configuration options for the interconnected power system which may include installation, maintenance and monitoring schedules in the interconnected power system when the user of the GUI is in close proximity to the system power devices.
H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the networkCircuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
G01R 15/12 - Circuits for multi-testers, e.g. for measuring voltage, current, or impedance at will
G05B 15/02 - Systems controlled by a computer electric
G05F 5/00 - Systems for regulating electric variables by detecting deviations in the electric input to the system and thereby controlling a device within the system to obtain a regulated output
G06F 3/04847 - Interaction techniques to control parameter settings, e.g. interaction with sliders or dials
A single-phase power converter is disclosed for converting a direct current power source to an alternating current power across first and second output terminals, which may be connected to a split-phase system having a first-phase load connected between one phase and a second-phase load connected between the other phase. When the loads are not balanced, the single-phase power converter provides a differential current to compensate for the imbalance.
H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
Various implementations described herein are directed to systems and methods for managing a plurality of loads connected to a plurality of power sources using a switching apparatus. Apparatuses described herein may include multi-throw switches designed for fast and efficient switching of loads. Methods described herein may include selecting one or more loads from a group of loads to connect to one or more alternative power sources, and selecting one or more loads to connect to a main (e.g. utility) electrical grid.
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
H02J 3/14 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/34 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
H02M 7/44 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
A power device may have at least two capacitors in series with each other and in parallel with a DC power source. The power device may have at least a first converter that has at least a controller configured to balance a voltage of the at least two capacitors. The power device may have at least a second converter connected to the at least two capacitors. The second converter may have at least three input conductors, each connected to a terminal of the at least two capacitors. The second converter may have at least two output conductors. The second converter may have at least a switching circuit between the at least three input conductors and at least two output conductors. The second converter may have at least a controller configured to operate the switching circuit. The second converter may passively preserve the voltage balance between the at least two capacitors.
H02M 3/155 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02M 3/156 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for DC bus management. During startup, a power device may provide power at different voltages to the DC bus to ramp up the voltage of the DC bus from a zero voltage level to an operating voltage level. For example, the power device may be configured to provide power at different voltage levels during the ramp up. During the ramp up, the power device may send communications to query additional devices. Based on a response to the query the power device may set the voltage level. Protocols for over-current, sleep mode, and shutdown mode may include decreasing a higher voltage level to a lower voltage level.
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
59.
Method and apparatus to enable communication and control in a power system
A network unit may be operatively attached to power lines of an interconnected power system and/or a device such as a power module that may further include a communication interface. The network unit may be operable to superimpose a first signal representative of a sensed parameter of the power system onto the power lines, thereby to transmit the first signal to other power modules in the interconnected power system or to a power device in interconnected power system. The network unit may receive a second signal of the parameter superimposed onto the power lines from another network unit.
H04B 3/54 - Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the networkCircuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
H04B 3/56 - Circuits for coupling, blocking, or by-passing of signals
H02S 50/00 - Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
H01L 31/02 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof - Details
H02J 1/00 - Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
A junction box used for making electrical connections to a photovoltaic panel. The junction box has two chambers including a first chamber and a second chamber and a wall common to and separating both chambers. The wall may be adapted to have an electrical connection therethrough. The two lids are adapted to seal respectively the two chambers. The two lids are on opposite sides of the junction box relative to the photovoltaic panel. The two lids may be attachable using different sealing processes to a different level of hermeticity. The first chamber may be adapted to receive a circuit board for electrical power conversion. The junction box may include supports for mounting a printed circuit board in the first chamber. The second chamber is configured for electrical connection to the photovoltaic panel. A metal heat sink may be bonded inside the first chamber.
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
G08B 13/14 - Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles
H02G 15/10 - Cable junctions protected by boxes, e.g. by distribution, connection or junction boxes
H05K 5/02 - Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus Details
A driver for improving reliability of a switch in a power device, comprising one or more sensors configured to sense an operational parameter of a power device. The driver comprises a controller configured to receive one or more sensor values from the respective sensors. The controller is configured to adjust a driving pulse according to the sensor values. The controller is configured to apply the driving pulse to one or more control terminal of one or more switch of the power device.
A protection method in a distributed power system including of DC power sources and multiple power modules which include inputs coupled to the DC power sources. The power modules include outputs coupled in series with one or more other power modules to form a serial string. An inverter is coupled to the serial string. The inverter converts power input from the string and produces output power. When the inverter stops production of the output power, each of the power modules is shut down and thereby the power input to the inverter is ceased.
H02H 7/122 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for convertersEmergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. DC/AC converters
A multiplicity of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) devices may be equipped with a plurality of sensors which report on the state of various operational parameters of the UPS devices to a registry device. Output of the registry device may be displayed on a dedicated GUI and/or written to log files at a monitoring station. In the event that one or more sensors reports a parameter to the registry device which is indicative of a malfunction of one or more of the UPS devices, examination the registry device output may indicate which UPS device or devices is/are malfunctioning. Related embodiments, apparatus, systems, and methods are also discussed.
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
H02J 7/02 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
H02M 5/04 - Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
Circuits integrated or integrable with a photovoltaic panel to provide built-in functionality to the photovoltaic panel including safety features such as arc detection and elimination, ground fault detection and elimination, reverse current protection, monitoring of the performance of the photovoltaic panel, transmission of the monitored parameters and theft prevention of the photovoltaic panel. The circuits may avoid power conversion, for instance DC/DC power conversion, may avoid performing maximum power tracking to include a minimum number of components and thereby increase overall reliability.
G08B 13/14 - Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles
H01L 31/02 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof - Details
H02H 1/00 - Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
H02H 3/16 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass
H02S 40/36 - Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
A distributed power system wherein a plurality of power converters are connected in parallel and share the power conversion load according to a prescribed function, but each power converter autonomously determines its share of power conversion. Each power converter operates according to its own power conversion formula/function, such that overall the parallel-connected converters share the power conversion load in a predetermined manner.
G01S 3/786 - Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system the desired condition being maintained automatically
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02J 13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the networkCircuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
H02M 1/44 - Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
H02M 3/04 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
H02M 7/44 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
H02M 7/493 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
H02S 40/22 - Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
A thermally insulating matrix includes a silicone phase and a glass filler having a thermal conductivity of less than about 0.1 W/mK. The silicone phase is prepared by combining: Component (A)—a polyorganosiloxane containing two silicon-bonded terminal alkenyl groups per molecule and having a molecular weight ranging from about 15,000 g/mole to about 70,000 g/mole and a kinematic viscosity ranging from about 250 cSt to about 15,000 cSt at 25° C.; Component (B)—trimethylsiloxane terminated (methylhydrosiloxane-dimethylsiloxane) copolymer, containing from about 15% to about 50% methylhydrosiloxane; and a catalyst for a hydrosilylation reaction between Component (A) and Component (B). The matrix includes at least about 50 wt. % of the silicone phase, based on the total weight of the matrix.
A power converter comprising a shared coupled inductor having windings around a common core, a plurality of buck converters and a boost converter. The plurality of buck converters are coupled between a first terminal and a second terminal. The plurality of buck converters comprises a plurality of buck switching legs and the shared coupled inductor. The boost converter is coupled between a third terminal and a fourth terminal. The boost converter comprises a boost switching leg and the shared coupled inductor.
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
A bracket for attaching a power device to a power generation system may include a base configured to connect to a housing of a power device, a plate configured to attach to a support rail of the system, and a connecting element. The connecting element may extend between the base and the plate, and may position the base at an offset in relation to the plate. The plate may include at least one shelf protruding from the plate for abutting a second surface of the rail. A bracket may include one or more clips for attaching to an attachment point of a power generation system, such as frames, rails, flanges, or protrusions of the system. The clips may include opposing structures for clamping the bracket to the attachment point, and one or more spikes configured to apply additional localized clamping force to sections of the attachment point.
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
70.
Communication protocol for distributed energy management
A system, a device, a method, a communication protocol, and/or the like, for energy management in a fragment, heterogeneous, electrical grid. The grid may include multiple types of power generation systems, electrical energy storage systems, electrical loads, and efficiently managing these systems may require elements that will bridge the technology gap of these systems, as well as provide best-effort power generation and consumption in order to stabilize the grid. These techniques are especially important in differentiated electric energy networks, such as micro-grids, island grids, virtual power plants, and/or the like.
G05B 19/042 - Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
H04L 12/18 - Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference
H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
A power line communication device including a current path provided between a first terminal and a second terminal. A coupling circuit connected between the first and second terminals includes a first circuit of a first inductor connected in parallel with a first capacitor and a first resistor. A sensor is configured to sense a communication parameter of the coupling circuit. The communication parameter may be a resonance of the first circuit, the quality (Q) factor of the resonance, the bandwidth (BW) of the coupling circuit, the resistance of the first resistor, or the impedance of the first circuit. A transceiver is adapted to couple to the first and second terminal to transmit a signal onto the current path or receive a signal from the current path responsive to the parameter of the coupling circuit and a level of current in the current path sensed by the sensor.
Various implementations described herein are directed to systems, apparatuses and methods for managing one or more loads connected to one or more power sources using one or more smart outlets. Apparatuses described herein may include smart outlets configured to communicate with one or more controllers and responsively connect and disconnect electrical loads connected thereto. Methods described herein may include signaling and/or controlling one or more loads from a group of loads to connect to or disconnect from one or more power sources.
H01R 13/66 - Structural association with built-in electrical component
H02J 3/14 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/40 - Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
A wiring box comprising a housing and a cover for electrically connecting between multiple power devices of a building is disclosed. The housing may include a ground bar for connecting the ground of multiple power devices. The housing may include cut-outs for fittings between the wiring box and the power devices. The cut-outs may be configured to allow different configurations of power devices, e.g., different size and shape of power devices at the same location on the housing. Different orientations may allow different spatial relationships between the power devices. For example, in a first orientation, an inverter may be positioned to the left of a backup interface unit above the wiring box, and in a second orientation, the inverter may be positioned to the right of the backup interface unit above the wiring box. The wiring box may include recesses for positioning drill hole alignment tools.
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for a versatile UPS. The versatile UPS is operative to provide power to a load and to an interconnected network for delivering electricity from producers to consumers (i.e., an electricity grid, or simply, “a grid”). The versatile UPS has a plurality of switches providing for a multiplicity of switching states. The output to the load, the grid, or both is dependent, at least in part, on the switching states. Related systems, methods and apparatus is also described.
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for a circuit breaker. In some examples, control circuitry may be configured to receive sensor data related to a measured current through a first circuit breaker, determine available current based on the received measurement and a maximum current rating, and set a current trip value for the second circuit breaker according to the determined available current. In some examples, control circuitry may be configured to determine a direction of current, control the circuit breaker based on a first threshold when the current is in a first direction, and control the circuit breaker based on a second threshold when the current is in a second direction.
H02H 1/00 - Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
H02H 3/00 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection
H02H 3/08 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to excess current
76.
Electrical Service Adapter for Supply Side Interconnect
An assembly or adapter configured to provide a supply-side interconnect of electrical power to a distribution board. The adapter may be incorporated internal or external to the distribution board, by occupying the space of one or more circuit breakers, inserting an adapter into a meter termination socket, or the like. The adapter includes terminals provided to route the conductors from the utility to a breakout panel (or subpanel) for adding power devices as a supply side interconnect, and back to a regular route that may go through the meter and/or the main circuit breaker, and on to the loads. A switching component may provide an inline configuration that configures the conductors for backup function, and a parallel configuration that is a parallel interconnecting route when utility service is available.
G01R 11/04 - HousingsSupporting racksArrangements of terminals
H01R 33/94 - Holders formed as intermediate parts for linking a counter-part to a coupling part
H01R 33/945 - Holders with built-in electrical component
H02B 1/03 - Boards, panels, desksParts thereof or accessories therefor for energy meters
H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
77.
Regulating power between power sources in a photovoltaic power system
A power system may comprise a plurality of power sources, each connected to a corresponding power regulator. The power regulators may be connected in series or in parallel, and may form a string. Each power regulator may comprise input terminals connected to the corresponding power source, output terminals, and a power converter that may be configured to convert input power from the corresponding power source to output power. The power regulator may further comprise a regulator communications module that may be configured to receive a power regulation indication relating to regulating an operational characteristic of the power regulator. The regulator controller may be configured to instruct the power converter to increase or decrease the regulator operational characteristic based on the power regulation indication, and based on power production characteristics of the power regulator.
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02M 3/156 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
78.
System and methods for determining characteristics of a photovoltaic panel
Systems and methods are described herein for providing power for enabling electroluminescence imaging of photovoltaic panels. The system may comprise a diode in a power converter, where the diode may restrict reverse current flow to the photovoltaic panel. The system may comprise a power device configured to be coupled to a photovoltaic panel. The power device may comprise an auxiliary power circuit which may provide power to the power device from the photovoltaic panel or form a power source connected to a power system controller. The power device may control a switch to provide a current path for reverse current to flow to the photovoltaic panel. An imager may capture an image of the panel.
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
H02S 40/32 - Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
H02S 40/36 - Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
H02S 50/15 - Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells using optical means, e.g. using electroluminescence
79.
Modular electrical energy storage with fault protection
An apparatus includes a power converter, one or more power source terminal configured to connect to a power source, and one or more load terminal. The apparatus further includes two or more energy storage terminals configured to connect to two or more electrical energy storage devices. Two or more protection circuits, included in the apparatus, one for each of the protection circuits, is electrically connected between the respective energy storage terminal and the power converter. The two or more protection circuits are configured to disconnect the respective terminal from the power converter following a failure of the respective one of the electrical energy storage devices.
An apparatus comprising a signal transformer coupled to a power line and a signal transmission, reception, or detection circuit. A sensor is configured to be responsive to the power line current or magnetic flux generated in a ferrite core of the signal transformer. When the sensor indicates that the flux generated by the power line current mat cause an attenuation of the signal strength, a second circuit generates a current through a flux cancelling winding that cancels at least some of the flux generated by the power line current.
H01H 47/00 - Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
H01F 7/06 - ElectromagnetsActuators including electromagnets
Disclosed is a containerized heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system comprising an HVAC unit and one or more ducts from the HVAC unit to an equipment rack. The ducts prevent mixing between the fresh and exhaust airflow, thus improving efficiency. Sensors located at sources of heat generating equipment within the racks may be used by controllers to monitor temperatures of the components at the source of heat generation, typically at the highest temperatures. The temperatures may be aggregated to determine the temperatures of devices, modules, racks, and the container interior cavity. Dampers on the ducts, at the rack inlets, at the module inlets, at the devices inlets, and such may assist in regulating airflow preferentially to the hottest components, devices, modules, or racks.
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for reducing power. The reducing of power may be done to reduce a temperature related to one or more elements of a power system. The reducing of power may depend on the mode of operation of one or more power devices of the power system.
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
Various implementations described herein are directed to a device including a sheet that has a first plurality of photovoltaic (PV) cells and a second plurality of PV cells, and a motor configured to actuate the sheet between an open configuration and a closed configuration, wherein the first plurality of PV cells are disposed on a first portion of the sheet such that, in the open configuration, the first plurality of PV cells are exposed to sunlight, and wherein the second plurality of PV cells are disposed on a second portion of the sheet such that, in the closed configuration, the second plurality of PV cells are exposed to sunlight.
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for vertical solar panels. Prefabricated and/or preassembled solar panels may be deployed fast, for example, by using a special packaging. Support structures may be easily installed to support (e.g., hang) the solar panels. The solar panels may be pretensioned and/or comprise structural designs (e.g., holes, frames, flexibility, etc.) to have reliability and/or longevity under a hanging condition and wind impact. The heights of vertically-installed solar panels may be dynamically adjusted, for example, based on inputs from sensors and/or time of day. Inter-row shading may be changed based on height adjustment among multiple rows of vertical solar panels.
H02S 40/32 - Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
85.
Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking System, Structure and Process
Distributed maximum power point tracking systems, structures, and processes are provided for power generation structures, such as for but not limited to a solar panel arrays. In an exemplary solar panel string structure, distributed maximum power point tracking (DMPPT) modules are provided, such as integrated into or retrofitted for each solar panel. The DMPPT modules provide panel level control for startup, operation, monitoring, and shutdown, and further provide flexible design and operation for strings of multiple panels. The strings are typically linked in parallel to a combiner box, and then toward and enhanced inverter module, which is typically connected to a power grid. Enhanced inverters are controllable either locally or remotely, wherein system status is readily determined, and operation of one or more sections of the system are readily controlled. The system provides increased operation time, and increased power production and efficiency, over a wide range of operating conditions.
A distributed power system including multiple (DC) batteries each DC battery with positive and negative poles. Multiple power converters are coupled respectively to the DC batteries. Each power converter includes a first terminal, a second terminal, a third terminal and a fourth terminal. The first terminal is adapted for coupling to the positive pole. The second terminal is adapted for coupling to the negative pole. The power converter includes: (i) a control loop adapted for setting the voltage between or current through the first and second terminals, and (ii) a power conversion portion adapted to selectively either: convert power from said first and second terminals to said third and fourth terminals to discharge the battery connected thereto, or to convert power from the third and fourth terminals to the first and second terminals to charge the battery connected thereto. Each of the power converters is adapted for serial connection to at least one other power converter by connecting respectively the third and fourth terminals, thereby forming a serial string. A power controller is adapted for coupling to the serial string. The power controller includes a control part adapted to maintain current through or voltage across the serial string at a predetermined value.
A fault identification may be triggered by a component of a power generation system (PGS), such as a hardware component, a controller of a hardware component, a device of the PGS, a computer connected to the PGS, a computer configured to monitor the PGS, and/or the like. The fault identification may be the result of a failure of a component of the PGS, a future failure of a component of the PGS, a routine maintenance of the PGS, and/or the like. The fault is converted to a notification on a user interface using a mapping of faults, root-causes, notification rules, and/or the like. The conversion may use one or more lookup tables and/or formulas for determining the impact of the fault on the PGS, and/or the like.
A multi-level inverter topology is disclosed. A power converter circuit converts a DC source at its input to provide an alternating current (AC) at its output. The power converter circuit may have a controller operably attached to multiple series connections of switches. The controller may control one or more of the multiple series connections of switches to convert a DC input to provide multi-level AC voltages with DC offset across two terminals of the power converter circuit. The multi-level AC voltages with DC offset may then be converted by use of a plurality of series connections of switches to provide a single-phase AC voltage at a first output terminal with respect to at least one of a neutral potential, an earth potential, or a terminal of the power converter circuit.
H02M 1/14 - Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
H02M 7/23 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in parallel
H02M 7/49 - Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
89.
Backup system, backup interface module, and base plate
Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for a backup system. The configuration of the backup system in terms of number of load groups, power sources, and/or total power limit may be altered. An interface enclosure of the backup system may include a housing for electric circuitry, where the housing may be a clam-shell design including a base plate and a backup interface module. The base plate may comprise a frame, one or more detachable hinges, and/or two or more multi-terminals. The base plate may include a plurality of multi-terminals. The multi-terminals may be arranged to connect to one or more load groups, power sources, power devices, other multi-terminals, etc. Each load group that is connected to the multi-terminals may be disconnected from the utility grid and connected to the one or more sources of backup power in the case of a utility grid shutdown.
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
G06F 1/30 - Means for acting in the event of power-supply failure or interruption, e.g. power-supply fluctuations
Various implementations described herein are directed to a method for detecting, by a device, an increase in temperature at certain parts of an electrical system, and taking appropriate responsive action. The method may include measuring temperatures at certain locations within the system and estimating temperatures at other locations based on the measurements. Some embodiments disclosed herein include an integrated cable combining electrical conduction and heat-detection capabilities, or an integrated cable or connector combining electrical conduction with a thermal fuse.
H02H 3/00 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection
G01K 11/06 - Measuring temperature based on physical or chemical changes not covered by group , , , or using melting, freezing, or softening
H01H 33/02 - High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means Details
H01H 85/04 - Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
H02H 1/00 - Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
H02H 3/33 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to difference between voltages or between currentsEmergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
H02S 40/34 - Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
H02S 40/36 - Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
G08B 17/06 - Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
91.
Method for Distributed Power Harvesting Using DC Power Sources
A system and method for combining power from DC power sources. Each power source is coupled to a converter. Each converter converts input power to output power by monitoring and maintaining the input power at a maximum power point. Substantially all input power is converted to the output power, and the controlling is performed by allowing output voltage of the converter to vary. The converters are coupled in series. An inverter is connected in parallel with the series connection of the converters and inverts a DC input to the inverter from the converters into an AC output. The inverter maintains the voltage at the inverter input at a desirable voltage by varying the amount of the series current drawn from the converters. The series current and the output power of the converters, determine the output voltage at each converter.
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02J 3/18 - Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
When a power outage occurs, an uninterruptable power supplies may lose all grid connections including a neutral connection which may be connected to ground. To avoid the loss of a ground connection to the power circuits of the UPS, a switch unit may be used to selectively connect a neutral conductor of the circuit to a ground terminal. The switch unit may comprise a power relay, a fast switch device (FSD), and a controller. The power relay and FSD may be connected in series between the neutral conductor of the circuit and a ground terminal. The controller may be configured to: close the FSD when the voltage between ground and neutral (Vng) goes above a first threshold, open the FSD when the voltage between any grid connection and neutral (Vg) goes above a second threshold, and close the FSD when Vg is below the second threshold.
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
93.
Arc Detection and Prevention in a Power Generation System
A method for arc detection in a system including a photovoltaic panel and a load connectible to the photovoltaic panel with a DC power line. The method measures power delivered to the load thereby producing a first measurement result of the power delivered to the load. Power produced by the photovoltaic panel is also measured, thereby producing a second measurement result of power produced by the photovoltaic panel. The first measurement result is compared with the second measurement result thereby producing a differential power measurement result. Upon the differential power measurement result being more than a threshold value, an alarm condition may also be set. The second measurement result may be modulated and transmitted over the DC power line.
H02S 50/00 - Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
G01R 31/12 - Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage
H01L 31/02 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof - Details
H02H 1/00 - Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
H02H 7/20 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for electronic equipment
94.
Systems and methods for reducing imbalance between groups of loads in electrical power systems
An apparatus includes a DC-to-AC converter comprising a first output terminal and a second output terminal. The apparatus also includes a DC-to-DC converter comprising a third output. The DC-to-AC converter is configured to receive a DC input voltage from a DC power source, and to produce a first alternating output voltage at the first output terminal, and a second alternating output voltage at the second output terminal. The DC-to-DC converter is configured receive a DC input voltage from the DC power source, and to step down the DC input voltage at the third output.
H02M 7/538 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a push-pull configuration
H02J 4/00 - Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
H02M 3/00 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
H02M 3/07 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 5/293 - Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02J 1/08 - Three-wire systemsSystems having more than three wires
95.
Safety mechanisms, wake up and shutdown methods in distributed power installations
A distributed power system including multiple DC power sources and multiple power modules. The power modules include inputs coupled respectively to the DC power sources and outputs coupled in series to form a serial string. An inverter is coupled to the serial string. The inverter converts power input from the serial string to output power. A signaling mechanism between the inverter and the power module is adapted for controlling operation of the power modules. Also, for a protection method in the distributed power system, when the inverter stops production of the output power, each of the power modules is shut down and thereby the power input to the inverter is ceased.
G01S 3/786 - Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system the desired condition being maintained automatically
H02H 3/20 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to excess voltage
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 7/493 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
H04B 3/54 - Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
H10F 77/00 - Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
There is provided a method and system for monitoring a component moving in a delivery tube of a feed system in an automated production line. The method includes determining a velocity of the component that moves through the delivery tube and comparing the velocity to a predefined velocity range. The system includes at least one sensor configured to detect the component when the component passes through a first point and through a second point within the delivery tube;
and a controller, wherein the at least one sensor is operatively coupled to the controller. The sensor may be configured to send a first signal when the component passes through the first point and a second signal when the component passes through the second point and the controller may be configured to determine velocity of the component by measuring a time interval between the first signal and the second signal.
B65G 51/36 - Other devices for indicating or controlling movements of carriers, e.g. for supervising individual tube sections, for counting carriers, for reporting jams or other operating difficulties
G05B 15/02 - Systems controlled by a computer electric
97.
Pre-Charging and Connecting an Energy Storage System
Various implementations described herein are directed to a system comprising energy storage circuits connected in series. Each energy storage circuit may comprise a first terminal, a second terminal, an energy storage unit, a pre-charge circuit, and/or a bypass diode. The energy storage unit and the pre-charge circuit may be connected in series to form a series connection between the first terminal and the second terminal, while the bypass diode may be connected in parallel to the series connection. The pre-charge circuit may be configured to close a first current path between the first terminal and the second terminal based on receiving a signal. The bypass diode may be configured to, based on the voltage between the first terminal and the second terminal having an opposite polarity to the voltage across the energy storage unit, close a second current path between the first terminal and the second terminal.
One or more systems and methods for providing selective isolation between a grid and an electric vehicle (EV) during charging are disclosed. An isolation component may be located between input nodes, and one or more output nodes. The isolation component may be connected to the nodes by switches that select which one or more nodes is used to supply power for charging the EV battery. Other switches, such as relays, may bypass the isolation component when the grid is not connected. Further switches may isolate part of the system from the grid to connect the isolated power source to the EV, and in parallel connect the isolation component to the grid for combined power EV battery charging. The isolation component may comprise electrical energy storage devices with switches in series surrounding each device, where the switches may be operated in a break-before-make transition.
H02J 3/00 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
B60L 53/22 - Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
H02J 3/02 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks using a single network for simultaneous distribution of power at different frequenciesCircuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks using a single network for simultaneous distribution of ac power and of dc power
An apparatus comprising a first and second terminals, a sensor, and energy storage device, a plurality of converter, a controller and an auxiliary power circuit. The plurality of power converters are connected to the energy storage device. Each power converter converters power from the energy storage device to the first and second terminals, or from the first and second terminals to the energy storage device. The controller synchronously controls one or more power converters of the plurality of power converters. The auxiliary power circuit provides power to the controller from one or more of a plurality of auxiliary power sources.
H02J 1/08 - Three-wire systemsSystems having more than three wires
H02H 7/22 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systemsEmergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for switching devices
H02M 1/088 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
