An apparatus is provided for spectral purity transfer between a radio frequency (RF) frequency spectral domain and a terahertz (THz) frequency spectral domain. The apparatus includes a first optical frequency comb (OFC) having a first operational frequency and a second OFC having a second operational frequency different from the first operational frequency. The apparatus further includes a THz oscillator, wherein the first OFC and the second OFC are locked with one another and the second OFC and the THz oscillator are locked with one another.
A photonic millimeter-wave oscillator is based on a heterodyne beatnote of two continuous wave lasers and is configured to provide a narrow linewidth output when the frequency difference is disciplined with rotational spectroscopy of molecules using frequency modulation spectroscopy.
G01N 21/3581 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared lightInvestigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using Terahertz radiation
G01N 21/3504 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
Example ultra narrow linewidth Brillouin lasers are disclosed that are pumped by pump lasers that are controlled via optimal control schemes in order to stabilize the Brillouin laser output frequency and minimize the Brillouin output linewidth. The control schemes are based on feedback loops to match the pump laser frequency to the optimum Stokes shift on the one hand and to line-narrow the pump laser linewidth on the other hand via comparing the linewidth of the pump laser with the linewidth of the Brillouin laser. The feedback loops in the control schemes can be partially or fully replaced with feedforward control schemes, allowing for larger bandwidth control. Provision for simultaneous oscillation of the Brillouin lasers on two polarization modes allows for further line-narrowing of the Brillouin output. The ultra-narrow linewidth Brillouin lasers can be advantageously implemented as pumps for microresonator based frequency combs, and can also be integrated to the chip scale and be constructed with minimal vibration sensitivity. The ultra-narrow linewidth Brillouin lasers can be widely tuned and a frequency readout can be provided via the use of a frequency comb. When phase locking a frequency comb to the Brillouin laser, ultra-stable microwave generation can be facilitated.
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
H01S 3/13 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
H01S 3/0941 - Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a semiconductor laser, e.g. of a laser diode
H01S 3/094 - Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
H01S 3/08 - Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
4.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR AMPLIFICATION OF GREEN LASER PULSES
A laser amplifier for a green laser pulse includes at least one gain medium doped with praseodymium and at least one gallium nitride based diode laser for pumping the gain medium. A green seed laser pulse going through the gain medium becomes an amplified green laser pulse.
H01S 3/0941 - Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a semiconductor laser, e.g. of a laser diode
A tunable millimeter-wave signal oscillator includes two phase coherent optical oscillators, a fiber-ring cavity configured to generate two Stokes waves, and a photosensitive element converting the frequency difference of two optical oscillator into a millimeter-wave radiation. A chip-scale form factor millimeter-wave oscillator includes two continuous wave lasers, a plurality of micro-optical-resonators, an optical frequency division mechanism, two optical tunable bandpass filters, and a photosensitive element converting the pulse train of a frequency comb into a millimeter-wave radiation. A millimeter-wave phase noise analyzer includes an optical interferometer, two photosensitive elements, and a fundamental millimeter-wave frequency mixer. A millimeter-wave frequency counter includes an electro-optic optical frequency comb generator, a microwave voltage controlled oscillator, and an optoelectronic phase locked loop. A millimeter-wave electrical spectrum analyzer includes a millimeter-wave phase noise analyzer, a millimeter-wave amplitude detector, a millimeter-wave frequency counter, and a data processing unit.
G01S 17/34 - Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
A system includes an apparatus having at least one permanent magnet and at least one magnetic field sensor at a pole of the at least one permanent magnet and configured to be positioned relative to a surface of a membrane containing immobilized magnetic particles selectively bound to an analyte such that the magnetic particles are magnetized by the at least one permanent magnet. The system further includes a stage configured to move at least one of the apparatus and the membrane relative to one another with an oscillatory movement parallel to the surface of the membrane, at least one controller configured to control the oscillatory movement, and a data acquisition unit configured to receive signals from the at least one magnetic field sensor and the at least one controller method.
G01N 33/543 - ImmunoassayBiospecific binding assayMaterials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
G01N 27/74 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables of fluids
G01N 33/68 - Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urineTesting involving biospecific ligand binding methodsImmunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
A tunable millimeter-wave signal oscillator includes two phase coherent optical oscillators, a fiber-ring cavity configured to generate two Stokes waves, and a photosensitive element converting the frequency difference of two optical oscillator into a millimeter-wave radiation. A chip-scale form factor millimeter-wave oscillator includes two continuous wave lasers, a plurality of micro-optical-resonators, an optical frequency division mechanism, two optical tunable bandpass filters, and a photosensitive element converting the pulse train of a frequency comb into a millimeter-wave radiation. A millimeter-wave phase noise analyzer includes an optical interferometer, two photosensitive elements, and a fundamental millimeter-wave frequency mixer. A millimeter-wave frequency counter includes an electro-optic optical frequency comb generator, a microwave voltage controlled oscillator, and an optoelectronic phase locked loop. A millimeter-wave electrical spectrum analyzer includes a millimeter-wave phase noise analyzer, a millimeter-wave amplitude detector, a millimeter-wave frequency counter, and a data processing unit.
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
Systems and methods for precision control of microresonator (MR) based frequency combs can implement optimized MR actuators or MR modulators to control long-term locking of carrier envelope offset frequency, repetition rate, or resonance offset frequency of the MR. MR modulators can also be used for amplitude noise control. MR parameters can be locked to external reference frequencies such as a continuous wave laser or a microwave reference. MR parameters can be selected to reduce cross talk between the MR parameters, facilitating long-term locking. The MR can be locked to an external two wavelength delayed self-heterodyne interferometer for low noise microwave generation. An MR-based frequency comb can be tuned by a substantial fraction or more of the free spectral range (FSR) via a feedback control system. Scanning MR frequency combs can be applied to dead-zone free spectroscopy, multi-wavelength LIDAR, high precision optical clocks, or low phase noise microwave sources.
Examples of systems and methods for integrated photonic broadband microwave receivers and transceivers are disclosed based on integrated coherent dual optical frequency combs. In some cases, when the system is configured as a receiver, the microwave spectrum of the input signal can be sliced into several spectral segments for low-bandwidth detection and analysis. In some cases, when the system is configured as a transmitter, multiple radio frequency (RF) carriers can be generated, which can be coherently added or encoded independently for transmission of individual microwave bands. In some systems, the optics-related functionalities can be achieved via integrated optic technology, for example, based on silicon photonics, providing tremendous possibilities for mass-production with significantly reduced system footprint.
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
H01S 5/0625 - Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium by varying the potential of the electrodes in multi-section lasers
H01S 5/02251 - Out-coupling of light using optical fibres
A method includes preparing a wafer including a substrate and a semiconductor structure, and irradiating an inner portion of the substrate at a predetermined depth in a thickness direction a plurality of times with laser pulses at a first time interval and a predetermined distance interval between irradiations. Each irradiation performed at the first time intervals in the step of irradiating the substrate with laser pulses includes irradiating the substrate at a first focal position in the thickness direction with a first laser pulse having a first pulse-energy; and after irradiating with the first laser pulse, irradiating the substrate with a second laser pulse performed after a second time interval, the second time interval being shorter than the first time interval and being in a range of 3 ps to 900 ps, and the second laser pulse having a second pulse-energy 0.5 to 1.5 times the first pulse-energy.
H01L 21/00 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid-state devices, or of parts thereof
H01L 33/00 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof
B23K 26/0622 - Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
B23K 26/359 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by providing a line or line pattern, e.g. a dotted break initiation line
B23K 26/00 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
B23K 103/00 - Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) systems configured to generate and amplify multi-pulses are described. The nonlinear interaction of pulses can generate a multiple pulse pack with a dense time separation between pulses. Reducing or eliminating the nonlinear interaction can be provided by spectrally and/or temporally splitting pulses in the chirped amplification system.
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
Systems and methods for precision control of microresonator (MR) based frequency combs may implement optimized MR actuators or MR modulators to control long-term locking of carrier envelope offset frequency, repetition rate, or resonance offset frequency of the MR. MR modulators can also be used for amplitude noise control. MR parameters can be locked to external reference frequencies such as a continuous wave laser or a microwave reference. MR parameters can be selected to reduce cross talk between the MR parameters, facilitating long-term locking. The MR can be locked to an external two wavelength delayed self-heterodyne interferometer for low noise microwave generation. An MR-based frequency comb can be tuned by a substantial fraction or more of the free spectral range (FSR) via a feedback control system. Scanning MR frequency combs may be applied to dead-zone free spectroscopy, multi-wavelength LIDAR, high precision optical clocks, or low phase noise microwave sources.
Examples of compact control electronics for precision frequency combs are disclosed. Application of digital control architecture in conjunction with compact and configurable analog electronics provides precision control of phase locked loops with reduced or minimal latency, low residual phase noise, and/or high stability and accuracy, in a small form factor.
In an example amplifier system, an input pulse train is passed through an optical stage that splits each pulse into two or more pulses. These divided pulses are then injected into at least two amplifiers for amplification. The amplified pulses are subsequently passed back through the same optical stage in order to combine the pulses back into one high energy pulse. The amplifier system can use time division multiplexing (TDM) and/or spatial division multiplexing (SDM) to produce, e.g., four pulses in conjunction with two amplifiers and propagation through two optical beam splitters, which are coherently combined into a single output pulse after amplification. The amplifiers can comprise fiber amplifiers or bulk amplifiers.
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
H01S 3/23 - Arrangement of two or more lasers not provided for in groups , e.g. tandem arrangement of separate active media
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
H01S 3/13 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
H01S 3/094 - Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
H01S 3/08 - Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
17.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING ELEMENT
A method includes preparing a wafer including a substrate and a semiconductor structure, and irradiating an inner portion of a substrate at a predetermined depth in a thickness direction a plurality of times with laser pulses at a first time interval and a predetermined distance interval between irradiations. Each irradiation performed at the first time intervals in the step of irradiating the substrate with laser pulses includes irradiating the substrate at a first focal position in the thickness direction with a first laser pulse having a first pulse-energy; and after irradiating with the first laser pulse, irradiating the substrate with a second laser pulse performed after a second time interval, the second time interval being shorter than the first time interval and being in a range of 3 ps to 900 ps, and the second laser pulse having a second pulse-energy 0.5 to 1.5 times the first pulse-energy.
Systems and methods for stabilizing mid-infrared light generated by difference frequency mixing may include a mode locked Er fiber laser that generates pulses, which are split into a pump arm and a wavelength shifting, signal arm. Pump arm pulses are amplified in Er doped fiber. Shifting arm pulses are amplified in Er doped fiber and shifted to longer wavelengths in Raman-shifting fiber or highly nonlinear fiber, where they may be further amplified by Tm doped fiber, and then optionally further wavelength shifted. Pulses from the two arms can be combined in a nonlinear crystal such as orientation-patterned gallium phosphide, producing a mid-infrared difference frequency, as well as nonlinear combinations (e.g., sum frequency) having near infrared and visible wavelengths. Optical power stabilization can be achieved using two wavelength ranges with spectral filtering and multiple detectors acquiring information for feedback control. Controlled fiber bending can be used to stabilize optical power.
G02F 1/01 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
G02F 1/355 - Non-linear optics characterised by the materials used
G02F 1/365 - Non-linear optics in an optical waveguide structure
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
G02B 6/00 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
H01S 3/23 - Arrangement of two or more lasers not provided for in groups , e.g. tandem arrangement of separate active media
H01S 3/13 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
H01S 3/11 - Mode lockingQ-switchingOther giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) systems configured to generate and amplify multi-pulses are described. The nonlinear interaction of pulses can generate a multiple pulse pack with a dense time separation between pulses. Reducing or eliminating the nonlinear interaction can be provided by spectrally and/or temporally splitting pulses in the chirped amplification system.
Examples of systems and methods for integrated photonic broadband microwave transceivers are disclosed based on integrated coherent dual optical frequency combs. In some cases, when the system is configured as a transmitter, multiple radio frequency (RF) carriers can be generated, which can either be encoded independently, or used for broadcasting the same information into different bands. In some cases, when the system is configured as a receiver, the spectrum of the input signal can be sliced into several spectral segments for low-bandwidth detection and analysis. In some systems, the optics-related functionalities can be achieved via integrated optic technology, for example based on silicon photonics, providing tremendous possibilities for mass-production with significantly reduced system footprint.
Examples of compact control electronics for precision frequency combs are disclosed. Application of digital control architecture in conjunction with compact and configurable analog electronics provides precision control of phase locked loops with reduced or minimal latency, low residual phase noise, and/or high stability and accuracy, in a small form factor.
H01S 3/136 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling devices placed within the cavity
H01S 3/139 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity
H01S 3/082 - Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors defining a plurality of resonators, e.g. for mode selection or suppression
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
H01S 3/107 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using electro-optic devices, e.g. exhibiting Pockels or Kerr effect
H01S 3/11 - Mode lockingQ-switchingOther giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
H01S 3/13 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
22.
ULTRA LOW NOISE PHOTONIC PHASE NOISE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR MICROWAVE SIGNAL
Systems and methods for precision phase noise measurements of radio frequency (RF) oscillators are provided. An RF signal under test can be modulated on a continuous wave (cw) laser carrier frequency via generation of modulation side-bands using an appropriate modulator. A photonic delay line can be implemented as a self-heterodyne detection system for the phase noise, allowing for photonic down-conversion of the phase noise measurement to direct current (DC). The self-heterodyne detection system allows detection outside of any 1/f noise issues. Ultra-low phase noise detection for RF frequencies in a range from below 1 GHz to beyond 100 GHz is enabled with a low noise floor in the whole frequency range. Higher-order modulation sidebands can further reduce the noise floor of the system. Ultra-low noise RF (microwave) output can be generated. The RF signal under test can be generated by a dielectric resonance oscillator or opto-electronic oscillator.
Low phase noise radio frequency (RF) sources generated by voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) are described. Optical modulators driven by a VCO may be used to generate optical side-bands to cw lasers. The spectral extent of said side-bands can be increased via frequency broadening in highly nonlinear waveguides. Free running mode locked low phase noise comb oscillators can be used as reference oscillators to generate beat signals between those side-bands and individual comb modes at distal spectral regions, thereby creating an error signal used to reduce the phase noise of VCOs and the generation of low phase noise RF signals. VCO phase noise may be reduced by using free-running modelocked comb lasers phase locked to external frequency references, by omitting a reference comb and using a nonlinear interferometer for generating an error signal, or by locking a slave comb to the modulation frequency of an intra-cavity modulator driven by the VCO.
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
H03B 17/00 - Generation of oscillations using a radiation source and a detector
H01S 3/107 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using electro-optic devices, e.g. exhibiting Pockels or Kerr effect
H01S 3/11 - Mode lockingQ-switchingOther giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
H01S 3/136 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling devices placed within the cavity
H01S 3/23 - Arrangement of two or more lasers not provided for in groups , e.g. tandem arrangement of separate active media
H03F 3/08 - Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements with semiconductor devices only controlled by light
H03L 7/24 - Automatic control of frequency or phaseSynchronisation using a reference signal directly applied to the generator
24.
GOLD-PLATINUM ALLOY NANOPARTICLES IN COLLOIDAL SOLUTIONS AND BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS USING THE SAME
Disclosed is a method of pulsed laser ablation for producing gold-platinum AuxPti-x alloy nanoparticles in a colloidal solution. The resulting colloidal solution of AuxPti-x alloy nanoparticles is suitable for a variety of biological applications including lateral flow immunoassays and other bio-detections based on optical scattering of metal nanoparticles. In the present method, the laser pulse duration is kept in the picosecond to femtosecond region, which is sufficiently short to ablate the target without significantly heating the target material. The nanoparticles form by fragmentation of the bulk material without evaporation, minimizing oxidation of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles conjugate with bio-molecules such as protein, antibodies, peptides, RNA oligomers, DNA oligomers, other oligomers, or polymers effectively by passive adsorption. This process of bio-molecule conjugation is the same as that with pure gold nanoparticles, and will not require significant changes in the fabrication protocols for bioassay and bio-detection device manufacturers. Advantageously the AuxPti-x alloy nanoparticles have a wide optical extinction spectrum in the visible region, appearing nearly black in both colloidal and dried form. The nanoparticles can be used for labeling bio-molecules and provide a high visual contrast in visual-based bioassays such as lateral flow immunoassays against the white test paper strips. A combination of the near black color of the AuxPti-x alloy nanoparticles with the red color of pure Au nanoparticles makes multiplexing bio-detection assays possible.
Systems and methods for stabilizing mid-infrared light generated by difference frequency mixing may include a mode locked Er fiber laser that generates pulses, which are split into a pump arm and a wavelength shifting, signal arm. Pump arm pulses are amplified in Er doped fiber. Shifting arm pulses are amplified in Er doped fiber and shifted to longer wavelengths in Raman- shifting fiber or highly nonlinear fiber, where they may be further amplified by Tm doped fiber, and then optionally further wavelength shifted. Pulses from the two arms can be combined in a nonlinear crystal such as orientation-patterned gallium phosphide, producing a mid-infrared difference frequency, as well as nonlinear combinations (e.g., sum frequency) having near infrared and visible wavelengths. Optical power stabilization can be achieved using two wavelength ranges with spectral filtering and multiple detectors acquiring information for feedback control. Controlled fiber bending can be used to stabilize optical power.
G02F 1/01 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
−3. In various embodiments, the configuration of the cladding features including, for example, the size and spacing of the cladding features, can be selected to provide for confinement of the fundamental mode yet leakage for the second mode and higher modes, which may provide mode filtering, single mode propagation, and/or low bend loss.
In one aspect, the present disclosure describes a fiber laser system for the generation and delivery of femtosecond (fs) pulses in multiple wavelength ranges. For improved versatility in multi-photon microscopy, an example of a dual wavelength fiber system based on Nd fiber source providing gain at 920 and 1060 nm is described. An example of a three-wavelength system is included providing outputs at 780 nm, 940 nm, and 1050 nm. The systems include dispersion compensation so that high quality fs pulses are provided for applications in microscopy, for example in multiphoton microscope (MPM) systems.
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
28.
Inexpensive variable rep-rate source for high-energy, ultrafast lasers
System for converting relatively long pulses from rep-rate variable ultrafast optical sources to shorter, high-energy pulses suitable for sources in high-energy ultrafast lasers. Fibers with positive group velocity dispersion (GVD) and self phase modulation are advantageously employed with the optical sources. These systems take advantage of the need for higher pulse energies at lower repetition rates so that such sources can be cost effective.
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
In certain embodiments a method and system for laser-based material processing of a material is disclosed. In at least one preferred implementation temporally overlapping pulse series are generated with separate pulsed laser sources, for example nanosecond (NS) and ultrashort pulse (USP) sources (NS-USP). Pulses are delivered to the material as a series of spatially and temporally overlapping pulse pairs. The material can, but need not, be a transparent material. In some applications of transparent material processing, it was found the combination of pulses both substantially more material modification and high machining quality than obtainable with either individual pulse series taken alone. Other micromachining methods and arrangement are disclosed for formation of fine features on or within a substrate. Such methods and arrangements may generally be applied with a NS-USP combination, or with other sources.
Low phase noise radio frequency (RF) sources generated by voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) are described. Optical modulators driven by a VCO may be used to generate optical side-bands to cw lasers. The spectral extent of said side-bands can be increased via frequency broadening in highly nonlinear waveguides. Free running mode locked low phase noise comb oscillators can be used as reference oscillators to generate beat signals between those side-bands and individual comb modes at distal spectral regions, thereby creating an error signal used to reduce the phase noise of VCOs and the generation of low phase noise RF signals. VCO phase noise may be reduced by using free-running modelocked comb lasers phase locked to external frequency references, by omitting a reference comb and using a nonlinear interferometer for generating an error signal, or by locking a slave comb to the modulation frequency of an intra-cavity modulator driven by the VCO.
H01S 3/107 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using electro-optic devices, e.g. exhibiting Pockels or Kerr effect
H01S 3/11 - Mode lockingQ-switchingOther giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
H01S 3/13 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
H01S 3/136 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling devices placed within the cavity
H01S 3/23 - Arrangement of two or more lasers not provided for in groups , e.g. tandem arrangement of separate active media
31.
Polarizing and polarization maintaining leakage channel fibers
core|, and where Rsc and dα may be sufficiently large to induce stress birefringence into the core and to provide for polarized output. Active fibers in which a portion of the fiber is doped may be implemented for application in fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers, and/or optical pulse compressors.
Examples of robust self-starting passively mode locked fiber oscillators are described. In certain implementations, the oscillators are configured as Fabry-Perot cavities containing an optical loop mirror on one cavity end and a bulk mirror or saturable absorber on the other end. The loop mirror can be further configured with an adjustable line phase delay to optimize modelocking. All intra-cavity fiber(s) can be polarization maintaining. Dispersion compensation components such as, e.g., dispersion compensation fibers, bulk diffraction gratings or fiber Bragg gratings may be included. The oscillators may include a bandpass filter to obtain high pulse energies when operating in the similariton regime. The oscillator output can be amplified and used whenever high power short pulses are required. For example the oscillators can be configured as frequency comb sources or supercontinuum sources. In conjunction with repetition rate modulation, applications include dual scanning delay lines and trace gas detection.
H01S 3/1055 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity one of the reflectors being constituted by a diffraction grating
H01S 3/106 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
H01S 3/107 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using electro-optic devices, e.g. exhibiting Pockels or Kerr effect
H01S 3/13 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
The present disclosure provides examples of a laser-based material processing system for liquid-assisted, ultrashort pulse (USP) laser micromachining. An example material processing application includes drilling thru-holes or blind holes in a nearly transparent glass workpiece (substrate) (1005) using parallel processing with an n x m array of focused laser beams (1040). Methods and systems are disclosed herein which provide for formation of high aspect ratio holes with low taper in fine pitch arrangements.
B23K 26/082 - Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
B23K 26/382 - Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
B23K 26/402 - Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
B23K 26/142 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beamNozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
B23K 26/146 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beamNozzles therefor the fluid stream containing a liquid
The present disclosure relates to the design of fiber frequency comb lasers with low carrier phase noise. Examples of these low carrier phase noise oscillators can be constructed from both soliton and dispersion compensated fiber lasers via the use of intra-cavity amplitude modulators such as graphene modulators. In low carrier phase noise dispersion compensated fiber frequency comb lasers, graphene and/or bulk modulators can further be used, for example, for phase locking of one comb line to an external continuous wave (cw) reference laser via high bandwidth control of the repetition rate of the comb laser via the graphene modulator. As a result a low phase noise radio frequency (RF) signal can be generated. In some implementations, a frequency comb exhibiting phase noise suppression of at least about 10 dB over a frequency range up to about 100 kHz is provided.
H01S 3/105 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity
H01S 3/106 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
H01S 3/131 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
H01S 3/107 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using electro-optic devices, e.g. exhibiting Pockels or Kerr effect
H01S 3/11 - Mode lockingQ-switchingOther giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
H01S 3/139 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity
The present invention relates to methods, compositions, and kits for generating conjugated gold nanoparticles. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides methods of generating unsaturated conjugated gold nanoparticles by mixing naked gold nanoparticles with a first type of attachment molecules at a molar ratio such that the attachment molecules attach to the naked gold particles at a density level below the saturation level of the naked gold particles (e.g., at a saturation level of 1-99%). In some embodiments, a second type of attachment molecules (e.g., with the opposite charge as the first type of attachment molecules) are mixed with the unsaturated conjugated gold nanoparticles to generate double-conjugated gold nanoparticles (e.g., that are zwitterionic).
C08G 65/48 - Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
A61K 47/48 - Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers, inert additives the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer drug conjugates
C08G 65/334 - Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing sulfur
A61K 41/00 - Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation
r2 of the repetition rates of the oscillators. The CDSL system also includes a non-linear frequency conversion section optically connected to each oscillator. The section includes a non-linear optical element generating a frequency converted spectral output having a spectral bandwidth and a frequency comb comprising harmonics of the oscillator repetition rates. A CDSL may be arranged in an imaging system for one or more of optical imaging, microscopy, micro-spectroscopy and/or THz imaging.
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
H01S 3/11 - Mode lockingQ-switchingOther giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
G01N 21/31 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
H01S 3/23 - Arrangement of two or more lasers not provided for in groups , e.g. tandem arrangement of separate active media
H01S 3/08 - Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
H01S 3/106 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
H01S 3/13 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
H01S 3/139 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity
37.
GOLD NANOPARTICLE-BASED HOMOGENEOUS COLORIMETRIC DIAGNOSTIC ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF PROTEASES AND PROTEASE INHIBITORS
In the present invention, a method and assay for the detection of proteases and protease inhibitors using colloidal gold nanoparticles and peptide substrates, which are selectively recognized and cleaved by proteases being assayed, is disclosed. In this assay, the mechanism of signal generation relies on peptide sequence induced aggregation of gold nanoparticles, which are used as signal reporters. The peptide sequences that induce aggregation are either the intact peptide substrates or proteolytic fragments of the intact peptide substrate wherein the proteolytic fragments are produced by the protease being assayed. The present invention provides a novel, simple, sensitive, and inexpensive colloidal gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric assay that allows both visual and quantitative detection of proteases and protease inhibitors.
G01N 33/58 - Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urineTesting involving biospecific ligand binding methodsImmunological testing involving labelled substances
C12Q 1/37 - Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganismsCompositions thereforProcesses of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase involving peptidase or proteinase
The present invention relates to compact, low noise, ultra-short pulse sources based on fiber amplifiers, and various applications thereof. At least one implementation includes an optical amplification system having a fiber laser seed source producing seed pulses at a repetition rate corresponding to the fiber laser cavity round trip time. A nonlinear pulse transformer, comprising a fiber length greater than about 10 m, receives a seed pulse at its input and produces a spectrally broadened output pulse at its output, the output pulse having a spectral bandwidth which is more than 1.5 times a spectral bandwidth of a seed pulse. A fiber power amplifier receives and amplifies spectrally broadened output pulses. A pulse compressor is configured to temporally compress spectrally broadened pulses amplified by said power amplifier. Applications include micro-machining, ophthalmology, molecular desorption or ionization, mass-spectroscopy, and/or laser-based, biological tissue processing.
The described embodiments provide an energy storage device that includes a positive electrode including an active material that can store and release ions, a negative electrode including a V, Nb co-doped TiO2(B), and a non-aqueous electrolyte including lithium ions. At least one embodiment provides a negative electrode active material including V, Nb co-doped TiO2(B). At least one embodiment provides a wet-chemistry process to prepare V, Nb co-doped TiO2(B).
Frequency standards based on mode-locked fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers and fiber-based ultra-broad bandwidth light sources, and applications of the same.
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
G02B 6/00 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
H01S 3/11 - Mode lockingQ-switchingOther giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
In one aspect, the present disclosure describes a fiber laser system for the generation and delivery of femtosecond (fs) pulses in multiple wavelength ranges. For improved versatility in multi-photon microscopy, an example of a dual wavelength fiber system based on Nd fiber source providing gain at 920 and 1060 nm is described. An example of a three-wavelength system is included providing outputs at 780 nm, 940 nm, and 1050 nm. The systems include dispersion compensation so that high quality fs pulses are provided for applications in microscopy, for example in multiphoton microscope (MPM) systems.
−3. In various embodiments, the configuration of the cladding features including, for example, the size and spacing of the cladding features, can be selected to provide for confinement of the fundamental mode yet leakage for the second mode and higher modes, which may provide mode filtering, single mode propagation, and/or low bend loss.
The present disclosure relates to a methods and systems for high speed laser surgery. In some implementations, the combination of mid-infrared (mid-IR) laser radiation with micro-scanning technology allows for large tissue ablation rates with minimal thermally affected zones, where micro-scanning distributes the heat generated by laser surgery over a large tissue area. Micro-scanning technology is compatible with hollow core fiber technology which can be implemented to deliver near diffraction limited mid-IR laser beams into the vicinity of the target area. Micro-scanning technology is compatible with hand tools for direct replacement of mechanical surgical tools such as scalpels as well as robotic surgery. Micro-scanning technology is also compatible with endoscopic beam delivery and can be combined with endoscopic tissue analysis. Tissue analysis can be performed with optical imaging technology as well as other analytical tools such as mass spectrometers.
A61B 18/20 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
A61B 18/22 - Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibreHand-pieces therefor
High power parallel fiber arrays for the amplification of high peak power pulses are described. Fiber arrays based on individual fiber amplifiers as well as fiber arrays based on multi-core fibers can be implemented. The optical phase between the individual fiber amplifier elements of the fiber array is measured and controlled using a variety of phase detection and compensation techniques. High power fiber array amplifiers can be used for EUV and X-ray generation as well as pumping of parametric amplifiers.
In certain embodiments a method and system for laser-based material processing of a material is disclosed. In at least one preferred implementation temporally overlapping pulse series are generated with separate pulsed laser sources, for example nanosecond (NS) and ultrashort pulse (USP) sources (NS-USP). Pulses are delivered to the material as a series of spatially and temporally overlapping pulse pairs. The material can, but need not, be a transparent material. In some applications of transparent material processing, it was found the combination of pulses both substantially more material modification and high machining quality than obtainable with either individual pulse series taken alone. Other micromachining methods and arrangement are disclosed for formation of fine features on or within a substrate. Such methods and arrangements may generally be applied with a NS-USP combination, or with other sources.
This disclosure relates to polarizing optical fibers and polarization maintaining optical fibers, including active and/or passive implementations. At least one embodiment includes a polarizing (PZ) optical fiber. The fiber includes stress applying parts (SAPs) disposed in a first cladding region, the SAPs comprising a material with a thermal expansion coefficient, αSAP. A core region is at least partially surrounded by cladding features and the SAPs. The core includes a glass with a thermal expansion coefficient, αcore. The arrangement of the SAPs satisfies the relations: Rsc = dSAP /Dsc, where Dsc is the SAP center to core center distance, and dSAP is the average SAP diameter, and dα = lαSAP- αcorel- In various embodiments, Rsc and dα are sufficiently large to induce stress birefringence into the core and to provide for a polarized output. Active fibers in which a portion of the fiber is doped may be implemented for application in fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers, and/or optical pulse compressors.
G02B 6/10 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
Examples of robust self-starting passively mode locked fiber oscillators are described. In certain implementations, the oscillators are configured as Fabry-Perot cavities containing an optical loop mirror on one cavity end and a bulk mirror or saturable absorber on the other end. The loop mirror can be further configured with an adjustable line phase delay to optimize modelocking. All intra-cavity fiber(s) can be polarization maintaining. Dispersion compensation components such as, e.g., dispersion compensation fibers, bulk diffraction gratings or fiber Bragg gratings may be included. The oscillators may include a bandpass filter to obtain high pulse energies when operating in the similariton regime. The oscillator output can be amplified and used whenever high power short pulses are required. For example the oscillators can be configured as frequency comb sources or supercontinuum sources. In conjunction with repetition rate modulation, applications include dual scanning delay lines and trace gas detection.
H01S 3/11 - Mode lockingQ-switchingOther giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
H01S 3/107 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using electro-optic devices, e.g. exhibiting Pockels or Kerr effect
H01S 3/1055 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity one of the reflectors being constituted by a diffraction grating
H01S 3/106 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
H01S 3/13 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
48.
MULTIFUNCTIONAL METAL NANOSTRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME
Provided is a stabilized metal nanostructure that does not aggregate when surface-modified by a functional molecule that reacts with a biomolecule. A metal nanostructure is 30-90% covered by at least one type of colloid-stabilized functional molecule, and the metal nanostructure is further covered by one or more types of biologically functional molecule.
G01N 33/543 - ImmunoassayBiospecific binding assayMaterials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
A61K 41/00 - Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation
A61K 47/48 - Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers, inert additives the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer drug conjugates
B22F 1/00 - Metallic powderTreatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
B22F 1/02 - Special treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working, to improve properties; Metallic powders per se, e.g. mixtures of particles of different composition comprising coating of the powder
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
Goods & Services
Chemical preparations for use in bio-assays, in-vitro diagnostic testing, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and for research in the fields of medicine, biomedicine, nano-biotechnology, bioconjugation technology and drug delivery; reagents for research purposes; reagents for scientific or medical research use; biochemical reagents used for non-medical purposes; chemical reagents, other than for medical or veterinary use; diagnostic reagents for clinical or medical laboratory use; reagents for chemical analysis; reagents for use in scientific apparatus for chemical or biological analysis. Chemical reagents for medical or veterinary purposes; clinical medical reagents; diagnostic reagents for medical use.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
Goods & Services
Chemical preparations for use in bio-assays, in-vitro diagnostic testing, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and for research in the fields of medicine, biomedicine, nano-biotechnology, bioconjugation technology and drug delivery; reagents for research purposes; reagents for scientific or medical research use; biochemical reagents used for non-medical purposes; chemical reagents, other than for medical or veterinary use; reagents for chemical analysis; reagents for use in scientific apparatus for chemical or biological analysis. Chemical reagents for medical or veterinary purposes; clinical medical reagents; diagnostic reagents for medical use; diagnostic reagents for clinical or medical laboratory use.
51.
Compact coherent high brightness light source for the mid-IR and far IR
Compact laser systems are disclosed which include ultrafast laser sources in combination with nonlinear crystals or waveguides. In some implementations fiber based mid-IR sources producing very short pulses and/or mid-IR sources based on a mode locked fiber lasers are utilized. A difference frequency generator receives outputs from the ultrafast sources, and generates an output including a difference frequency. The output power from the difference frequency generator can further be enhanced via the implementation of large core dispersion shifted fibers. Exemplary applications of the compact, high brightness mid-IR light sources include medical applications, spectroscopy, ranging, sensing and metrology.
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
H01S 3/094 - Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
H01S 3/11 - Mode lockingQ-switchingOther giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
H01S 3/109 - Frequency multiplication, e.g. harmonic generation
Disclosed is a method for making a colloidal suspension of precious metal nanoparticles. The method comprises providing a target material comprising a precious metal in a liquid dispersion medium in an ablation container. The dispersion medium has an electrical conductivity within a predetermined conductivity range. Laser pulses are used to generate the nanoparticles from the target in the container. While generating the nanoparticles the electrical conductivity of the dispersion medium is monitored and maintained within the predetermined range and thereby the generated nanoparticles are produced within a predetermined size range. The generated nanoparticles are used to form a colloidal suspension.
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided forMaking microcapsules or microballoons
B82Y 5/00 - Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
The Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate (USA)
IMRA AMERICA, INC. (USA)
Inventor
Fermann, Martin E.
Schibli, Thomas R.
Hartl, Ingmar
Abstract
Compact optical frequency sources are described. The comb source may include an intra-cavity optical element having a multi-material integrated structure with an electrically controllable active region. The active region may comprise a thin film. By way of example, the thin film and an insulating dielectric material disposed between two electrodes can provide for rapid loss modulation. In some embodiments the thin film may comprise graphene. In various embodiments of a frequency comb laser, rapid modulation of the CEO frequency can be implemented via electric modulation of the transmission or reflection loss of an additional optical element, which can be the saturable absorber itself. In another embodiment, the thin film can also be used as a saturable absorber in order to facilitate passive modelocking. In some implementations the optical element may be formed on a cleaved or polished end of an optical fiber.
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
H01S 3/11 - Mode lockingQ-switchingOther giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
H01S 3/08 - Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
H01S 3/105 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity
Method of reliable particle size control for preparing aqueous suspension of precious metal nanoparticles and the precious metal nanoparticle suspension prepared by the method thereof
Disclosed is a method for making a colloidal suspension of precious metal nanoparticles. The method comprises providing a target material comprising a precious metal in a liquid dispersion medium in an ablation container. The dispersion medium has an electrical conductivity within a predetermined conductivity range. Laser pulses are used to generate the nanoparticles from the target in the container. While generating the nanoparticles the electrical conductivity of the dispersion medium is monitored and maintained within the predetermined range and thereby the generated nanoparticles are produced within a predetermined size range. The generated nanoparticles are used to form a colloidal suspension.
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided forMaking microcapsules or microballoons
B82Y 40/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
The present invention relates to methods, compositions, and kits for generating conjugated gold nanoparticles. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides methods of generating unsaturated conjugated gold nanoparticles by mixing naked gold nanoparticles with a first type of attachment molecules at a molar ratio such that the attachment molecules attach to the naked gold particles at a density level below the saturation level of the naked gold particles (e.g., at a saturation level of 1-99%). In some embodiments, a second type of attachment molecules (e.g., with the opposite charge as the first type of attachment molecules) are mixed with the unsaturated conjugated gold nanoparticles to generate double-conjugated gold nanoparticles (e.g., that are zwitterionic).
C08G 65/48 - Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
A61K 47/48 - Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers, inert additives the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer drug conjugates
C08G 65/334 - Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing sulfur
A61K 41/00 - Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation
Disclosed is process for preparing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that results in very sensitive MNPs that can be used in a variety of diagnostic and analytical methods. The MNPs exhibit superparamagnetism and find special use in giant magnetoresistance sensors (GMRS). The MNPs are created by a process that permits one to tune the size of nanoparticles to a range of from 10 to 20 nanometers with a very small particle size distribution of +/- 2 nanometers or less. The MNPs can be tagged with a variety of markers and thus find use in many analytical assays, cell sorting techniques, imaging methods, drug delivery methods and cancer treatments. The inventive MNPs can be detected in magnetic file strengths of 2000 Oe or less.
C40B 30/04 - Methods of screening libraries by measuring the ability to specifically bind a target molecule, e.g. antibody-antigen binding, receptor-ligand binding
G01R 33/02 - Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
B82Y 5/00 - Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
B82Y 15/00 - Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
B82Y 25/00 - Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
The present invention relates to a trace gas detection system. At least one embodiment includes a frequency spectrum comprising a 1st comb and an enhancement cavity characterized by having a 2nd comb of spectral resonances. The enhancement cavity contains a sample gas for spectroscopic measurement. A dither mechanism is configured to modulate the relative spectral position between the combs at a dither frequency, fd. The dither mechanism, in conjunction with a feedback mechanism, stabilizes the location of said 1st comb lines with respect to the resonances of said 2nd comb over a time scale much greater than a dither period, Td = 1/fd. A time- averaged output from the enhancement cavity is provided to a spectroscopic measurement tool, for example a Fourier transform spectrometer. The system is capable of detecting volatile organic compounds, endogenous compounds, and may be configured for cancer detection.
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
H01S 3/13 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
The described embodiments provide an energy storage device that includes a positive electrode including a material that stores and releases ion, a negative electrode including Nb-doped TiO2(B), and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing lithium ions. The described embodiments provide a method including the steps of combining at least one titanium compound and at least one niobium compound in ethylene glycol to form a precursor solution, adding water into the precursor solution to induce hydrolysis and condensation reactions, thereby forming a reaction solution, heating the reaction solution to form crystallized particles, collecting the particles, drying the collected particles, and applying a thermal treatment at a temperature > 350°C to the dried particles to obtain Nb-doped TiO2(B) particles.
The present invention features a laser based system configured with a noise detection unit. The system includes a mode-locked oscillator. A noise detection unit includes at least one optical detector that monitors optical pulses generated by the mode-locked oscillator and produces an electrical signal in response to the optical pulses. The noise detection unit includes a first filter to transmit signal power over a signal bandwidth which includes the mode-locked laser repetition frequency, frep. The noise detection unit may include one or more filters to transmit power over a noise bandwidth that substantially excludes repetition frequency, frep. Non-linear signal processing equipment is utilized to generate one or more signals representative of the power in the signal bandwidth relative to the power in the noise bandwidth. The system includes a controller operable to generate a signal for controlling the laser based system based on the relative power.
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
60.
Compact coherent high brightness light source for the mid-IR and far IR
Compact laser systems are disclosed which include ultrafast laser sources in combination with nonlinear crystals or waveguides. In some implementations fiber based mid-IR sources producing very short pulses and/or mid-IR sources based on a mode locked fiber lasers are utilized. A difference frequency generator receives outputs from the ultrafast sources, and generates an output including a difference frequency. The output power from the difference frequency generator can further be enhanced via the implementation of large core dispersion shifted fibers. Exemplary applications of the compact, high brightness mid-IR light sources include medical applications, spectroscopy, ranging, sensing and metrology.
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
The present disclosure is directed to methods of preparing stable suspensions of precious metal nanoparticles and methods for attaching bio-molecules to the nanoparticles. The formation of nanoparticles can be accomplished by either chemical synthesis or pulsed laser ablation in a liquid. The present disclosure reveals the importance of controlling the conductivity of the dispersion medium during pulsed laser ablation in a liquid to control the particle size of the nanoparticles. The present disclosure also reveals the importance of adjusting and maintaining the conductivity in a range of 25 μS/cm or less during storage of the nanoparticles and just prior to performing bioconjugation reactions. The control of conductivity is an important process for maintaining the nanoparticles as a stable non-aggregated colloidal suspension in a dispersion medium.
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided forMaking microcapsules or microballoons
C08G 65/328 - Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with inorganic compounds containing other elements
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
62.
METHODS FOR PREPARING AQUEOUS SUSPENSION OF PRECIOUS METAL NANOPARTICLES
The present disclosure is directed to methods of preparing stable suspensions of precious metal nanoparticles and methods for attaching bio-molecules to the nanoparticles. The formation of nanoparticles can be accomplished by either chemical synthesis or pulsed laser ablation in a liquid. The present disclosure reveals the importance of controlling the conductivity of the dispersion medium during pulsed laser ablation in a liquid to control the particle size of the nanoparticles. The present disclosure also reveals the importance of adjusting and maintaining the conductivity in a range of 25 μS/cm or less during storage of the nanoparticles and just prior to performing bioconjugation reactions. The control of conductivity is an important process for maintaining the nanoparticles as a stable non-aggregated colloidal suspension in a dispersion medium.
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided forMaking microcapsules or microballoons
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
Goods & Services
Chemical preparations for use in bio-assays, in-vitro diagnostic testing, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (sers), and for research in the fields of medicine, biomedicine, nano-biotechnology, bioconjugation technology and drug delivery; reagents for research purposes; reagents for scientific or medical research use; biochemical reagents used for non-medical purposes; chemical reagents, other than for medical or veterinary use; diagnostic reagents for clinical or medical laboratory use; reagents for chemical analysis; reagents for use in scientific apparatus for chemical or biological analysis [ Chemical reagents for medical or veterinary purposes; clinical medical reagents; diagnostic reagents for medical use ]
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
05 - Pharmaceutical, veterinary and sanitary products
Goods & Services
Chemical preparations for use in bio-assays, in-vitro diagnostic testing, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (sers), and for research in the fields of medicine, biomedicine, nano-biotechnology, bioconjugation technology and drug delivery; reagents for research purposes; reagents for scientific or medical research use; biochemical reagents used for non-medical purposes; chemical reagents, other than for medical or veterinary use; diagnostic reagents for clinical or medical laboratory use; reagents for chemical analysis; reagents for use in scientific apparatus for chemical or biological analysis [ Chemical reagents for medical or veterinary purposes; clinical medical reagents; diagnostic reagents for medical use ]
65.
NEGATIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR ENERGY STORAGE
The described embodiments provide an energy storage device that includes a positive electrode including an active material that can store and release ions, a negative electrode including an active material that is a lithiated nano-architectured active material including tin and at least one stress-buffer component, and a non-aqueous electrolyte including lithium. The negative electrode active material is nano-architectured before lithiation.
In the present invention, a method of producing stable bare colloidal gold nanoparticles is disclosed. The nanoparticles can subsequently be subjected to partial or full surface modification. The method comprises preparation of colloidal gold nanoparticles in a liquid by employing a top-down nanofabrication method using bulk gold as a source material. The surface modification of these nanoparticles is carried out by adding one or multiple types of ligands each containing functional groups which exhibit affinity for gold nanoparticle surfaces to produce the conjugates. Because of the high efficiency and excellent stability of the nanoparticles produced by this method, the fabricated gold nanoparticle conjugates can have surface coverage with functional ligands which can be tuned to be any percent value between 0 and 100%.
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided forMaking microcapsules or microballoons
A61K 41/00 - Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation
B82Y 5/00 - Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
B82Y 40/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
G01N 21/35 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
A method of pulsed laser processing of solid surface for enhancing surface hydrophobicity is disclosed wherein the solid surface is covered with a transparent medium during laser processing and the laser beam incidents through the covering medium and irradiates the solid surface. Two effects are obtained simultaneously. One is the laser-induced texture formation directly under the laser irradiation. The other is the deposition of the laser-removed materials along the laser scan lines. Both effects introduce surface roughness on nanometer scales, and both enhance surface hydrophobicity, rendering superhydrophobicity on the surfaces of both the laser-irradiated solid and the covering medium. Because the beam scan line spacing can be larger than a single scan line width by multiple times, this method provides a high processing speed of square inch per minute and enables large area processing.
C21D 1/09 - Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energySurface hardening by particle radiation
B05D 3/00 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
The present invention relates to compact, low noise, ultra-short pulse sources based on fiber amplifiers, and various applications thereof. At least one implementation includes an optical amplification system having a fiber laser seed source producing seed pulses at a repetition rate corresponding to the fiber laser cavity round trip time. A nonlinear pulse transformer, comprising a fiber length greater than about 10 m, receives a seed pulse at its input and produces a spectrally broadened output pulse at its output, the output pulse having a spectral bandwidth which is more than 1.5 times a spectral bandwidth of a seed pulse. A fiber power amplifier receives and amplifies spectrally broadened output pulses. A pulse compressor is configured to temporally compress spectrally broadened pulses amplified by said power amplifier. Applications include micro-machining, ophthalmology, molecular desorption or ionization, mass-spectroscopy, and/or laser- based, biological tissue processing.
An electronic circuit for controlling a laser system consisting of a pulse source and high power fiber amplifier is disclosed. The circuit is used to control the gain of the high power fiber amplifier system so that the amplified output pulses have predetermined pulse energy as the pulse width and repetition rate of the oscillator are varied. This includes keeping the pulse energy constant when the pulse train is turned on. The circuitry is also used to control the temperature of the high power fiber amplifier pump diode such that the wavelength of the pump diode is held at the optimum absorption wavelength of the fiber amplifier as the diode current is varied. The circuitry also provides a means of protecting the high power fiber amplifier from damage due to a loss of signal from the pulse source or from a pulse-source signal of insufficient injection energy.
H01S 3/0941 - Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a semiconductor laser, e.g. of a laser diode
H01S 3/11 - Mode lockingQ-switchingOther giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
H01S 3/105 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity
H01S 3/13 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
H01S 3/131 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
H01S 3/139 - Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the reflectors of the cavity
The present invention relates to frequency rulers. At least one embodiment includes a mode locked pump source operated at pulse repetition rate, and a pump output having a pump carrier envelope offset frequency. A nonlinear optical system outputs a frequency ruler spectrum comprising individual frequency modes. The frequency modes may be characterized by a frequency spacing which is an integer multiple of the repetition rate and by distinct ruler carrier envelope offset frequencies which exhibit at least one discontinuity across the frequency output. The ruler carrier envelope offset frequencies are substantially locked to the carrier envelope offset frequency of the pump laser. One preferred embodiment includes a frequency doubled, doubly resonant, non-degenerate OPO (DNOPO), a supercontinuum generation (SC) stage and at least one reference laser arranged downstream from a Tm fiber-based pump source. A plurality of beat signals generated therefrom provide for stabilization of the system.
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
71.
METHODS FOR PRECISION OPTICAL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS AND MOLECULAR DETECTION
The present invention relates to precision linewidth control and frequency measurements of continuous wave lasers for the near to far IR spectral regions, precision frequency synthesizers and exemplary applications in molecular detection. Methods and systems are disclosed for simultaneous line narrowing of cw lasers, as well as referencing the desired emission wavelength to a frequency comb laser.
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
72.
IRON PHOSPHATES: NEGATIVE ELECTRODE MATERIALS FOR AQUEOUS RECHARGEABLE SODIUM ION ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES
Various embodiments of the present invention relate to electrode materials based on iron phosphates that can be used as the negative electrode materials for aqueous sodium ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors. At least one embodiment includes a negative electrode material for an aqueous sodium ion based energy storage device. The negative electrode material with a non-olivine crystal structure includes at least one phosphate selected from iron hydroxyl phosphate, Na3Fe3(PO4)4, Na3Fe(PO4)2, iron phosphate hydrate, ammonium iron phosphate hydrate, carbon-coated or carbon-mixed sodium iron phosphate. At least one embodiment includes an energy storage device that includes such a negative electrode material.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
Chemical preparations for use in bio-assays, in-vitro diagnostic testing, and surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers); and for medical, biomedical, nano-biotechnology, bioconjugation technology and drug delivery research; reagents for research purposes; reagents for scientific or medical research use; biochemical reagents used for non-medical purposes; chemical reagents, other than for medical or veterinary use; reagents for chemical analysis; reagents for use in scientific apparatus for chemical or biological analysis.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
Goods & Services
Chemical preparations for use in bio-assays, in-vitro diagnostic testing, and surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers); and for medical, biomedical, nano-biotechnology, bioconjugation technology and drug delivery research; reagents for research purposes; reagents for scientific or medical research use; biochemical reagents used for non-medical purposes; chemical reagents, other than for medical or veterinary use; reagents for chemical analysis; reagents for use in scientific apparatus for chemical or biological analysis.
75.
AMORPHOUS MEDICINAL FINE PARTICLES PRODUCED BY PULSED LASER ABLATION IN LIQUID AND THE PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF
The present disclosure is directed to an in-liquid laser-based method for fabricating a solution of fine particles of amorphous solid medicinal compounds, a solution of fine particles of amorphous medicinal agents made with the method, and fine particles made with the method. By using a target solidified via a phase transition process to covert an initial crystalline structure into an amorphous solid, technical difficulties with handling a hydraulically-pressed target are overcome. The laser-based ablation process produces amorphous solid medicinal compound fine particles, which improves the bioavailability and solubility of the medicinal compound. The improvement results from a combination of: disordered crystalline structure and enlarged relative surface area by particle size reduction. The laser based method may be carried out with ultrashort pulsed laser systems, or with UV nanosecond lasers. Results obtained with an ultrashort near IR laser and a UV nanosecond laser show formation of amorphous solid curcumin fine particles.
In the present invention, a method for determining the stability threshold amount of a stabilizer component for gold nanoparticles to prevent their aggregation in any electrolyte solution, is disclosed. The method permits for very low levels of stabilizer components to be used while still permitting conjugation with other functional ligands. The method comprises preparation of stable gold nanoparticles conjugated with different amount of stabilizing agents in deionized water first and then testing the stability of colloidal suspension of these gold nanoparticles in the presence of the electrolyte solution by monitoring the absorbance at 520 nm. The invention also comprises a method for fabrication of nanoconjugates comprising gold nanoparticles and only the stabilizer components or comprising gold nanoparticles, stabilizer components and functional ligands, which are stable in the presence of electrolytes.
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided forMaking microcapsules or microballoons
A61K 47/48 - Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers, inert additives the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer drug conjugates
B82Y 5/00 - Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
77.
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR LASER PROCESSING OF COATED SUBSTRATES
Examples of methods and systems for laser processing of materials are disclosed. Methods and systems for singulation of a wafer comprising a coated substrate can utilize a laser outputting light that has a wavelength that is transparent to the wafer substrate but which may not be transparent to the coating layer(s). Using techniques for managing fluence and focal condition of the laser beam, the coating layer(s) and the substrate material can be processed through ablation and internal modification, respectively. The internal modification can result in die separation.
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
78.
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ORDERED INTER METALLIC CATALYSTS
At least one embodiment includes a method for fabricating a catalyst comprising a colloidal suspension of nanoparticles, the nanoparticles comprising intermetallics of two or more metals exhibiting long range superlattice crystal ordering. The method comprising the steps of: producing a bulk target of the intermetallics of two or more metals exhibiting long range crystal ordering and submerging the target in a solvent. A pulsed laser is used to ablate bulk target material and to produce nanoparticle of the intermetallics of two or more metals exhibiting long range crystal ordering. At least one embodiment includes a catalyst made with the method. The catalyst can exhibit some desirable properties. For example, the catalyst may remain suspended in solution, essentially without surface modification by ionic compounds. Furthermore, the concentration of elements other than those which comprise the solvent or the intermetallic compound may be less than about 1 ppm.
G06F 19/00 - Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications (specially adapted for specific functions G06F 17/00;data processing systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes G06Q;healthcare informatics G16H)
79.
A COMPACT COHERENT HIGH BRIGHTNESS LIGHT SOURCE FOR THE MID-IR AND FAR-IR
Compact laser systems are disclosed which include ultrafast laser sources in combination with nonlinear crystals or waveguides. In some implementations fiber based mid-IR sources producing very short pulses and/or mid-IR sources based on a mode locked fiber lasers are utilized. A difference frequency generator receives outputs from the ultrafast sources, and generates an output including a difference frequency. The output power from the difference frequency generator can further be enhanced via the implementation of large core dispersion shifted fibers. Exemplary applications of the compact, high brightness mid-IR light sources include medical applications, spectroscopy, ranging, sensing and metrology.
Various embodiments described include optical fiber designs and fabrication processes for ultra high numerical aperture optical fibers (UHNAF) having a numerical aperture (NA) of about 1. Various embodiments of UHNAF may have an NA greater than about 0.7, greater than about 0.8, greater than about 0.9, or greater than about 0.95. Embodiments of UHNAF may have a small core diameter and may have low transmission loss. Embodiments of UHNAF having a sufficiently small core diameter provide single mode operation. Some embodiments have a low V number, for example, less than 2.4 and large dispersion. Some embodiments of UHNAF have extremely large negative dispersion, for example, less than about −300 ps/nm/km in some embodiments. Systems and apparatus using UHNAF are also disclosed.
Disclosed is a process for electrophoretic deposition of colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles, especially from aprotic solvents, onto a variety of substrates. The process provides chemical additives that can be used to improve thin films deposited from colloidal suspensions by increasing the rate of deposition and the smoothness of the deposited film. In this process, a chemical additive is used to improve the properties of the deposited thin films. The chemical additive comprises a redox couple, an organometallic complex, a metallocene, a ferrocene, or a nickelocene. The colloidal suspension can be composed of semiconductor, metal or ceramic nanoparticles suspended in an aprotic polar solvent such as acetone, acetonitrile, or pyridine. The process also improves the properties of thin films deposited from protic solvents. The particles have at least one dimension ranging from 0.1 nanometers (nm) to 500 nm.
C25D 13/02 - Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process with inorganic material
C25D 13/10 - Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process characterised by the additives used
B32B 5/16 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, chopped fibres, powder
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
82.
APPARATUS FOR HIGH CONTRAST OPTICAL SIGNALING, AND EXEMPLARY APPLICATIONS
A display apparatus generates a high visibility optical signal, such as an ICON, the ICON comprising a symbol, shape, or other image like representation. The ICON becomes visible at an observation point during an illumination ON-state. The ICON may be formed as a portion of display medium, for example as a machined portion of a mirror capable of forming images of a scene by reflection in normal operation. The visibility of the ICON in the illumination OFF -state from an observation point is sufficiently low such that the normal operation of the display medium is maintained. Ultrashort laser processing or other methods for material modification may be utilized to form microscopic features which distribute incident light, increasing the visibility of the optical signal at an observation point in an ON-state, with very low visibility in the OFFstate and minimal effect on the image in the display medium in the OFF state.
In at least one embodiment a laser system includes a fiber laser source, a polarization controller and a wavelength converter. The relative power distribution between a pump wavelength and a signal wavelength is controllable using the polarization controller. An optional phase compensator is used to control polarization state of the output laser beam. In various embodiments the relative power distribution among multiple wavelengths may be controlled over a range of at least about 100:1.
G02B 6/35 - Optical coupling means having switching means
G02B 6/293 - Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
In at least one embodiment a laser system includes a fiber laser source, a polarization controller and a wavelength converter. The relative power distribution between a pump wavelength and a signal wavelength is controllable using the polarization controller. An optional phase compensator is used to control polarization state of the output laser beam. In various embodiments the relative power distribution among multiple wavelengths may be controlled over a range of at least about 100:1.
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
H01S 3/00 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, A BODY CORPORATE (USA)
Inventor
Fermann, Martin E.
Schibli, Thomas R.
Hartl, Ingmar
Abstract
Compact optical frequency sources are described. The comb source may include an intra-cavity optical element having a multi-material integrated structure with an electrically controllable active region. The active region may comprise a thin film. By way of example, the thin film and an insulating dielectric material disposed between two electrodes can provide for rapid loss modulation. In some embodiments the thin film may comprise graphene. In various embodiments of a frequency comb laser, rapid modulation of the CEO frequency can be implemented via electric modulation of the transmission or reflection loss of an additional optical element, which can be the saturable absorber itself. In another embodiment, the thin film can also be used as a saturable absorber in order to facilitate passive modelocking. In some implementations the optical element may be formed on a cleaved or polished end of an optical fiber.
An apparatus for performing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is disclosed wherein an inner surface of a container is coated with SERS active materials such as nanoparticles of noble metals. Such a container can provide a partially enclosed, optical diffuse cavity whose inner surfaces serve for dual purposes of enhancing Raman scattering of the contained analyte and optical integration, therefore improving the efficiency of optical excitation and signal collection. The container may be configured to isolate the SERS active material from the external environment. The container, which may be a cylindrical tube, may be referred to as a SERS tube. Methods of coating the inner wall of a container with pulsed laser ablation and with nanoparticle colloids, respectively, are disclosed.
At least one embodiment of the present invention provides preparation methods and compositions for nanoarchitectured multi-component materials based on carboncoated iron-molybdenum mixed oxide as the electrode material for energy storage devices. A sol-gel process containing soluble organics is a preferred method. The soluble organics could become a carbon coating for the mixed oxide after thermal decomposition. The existence of the carbon coating provides the mixed oxide with an advantage in cycling stability over the corresponding carbon-free mixed oxide. For the carbon-coated mixed oxide, a stable cycling stability at high charge/discharge rate (3A/g) can be obtained with Mo/Fe molar ratios ≥ 1/3. The cycling stability and rate capability could be tuned by incorporating a structural additive such as Al2O3 and a conductive additive such as carbon nanotubes. The high rate performance of the multi-component material has been demonstrated in a full device with porous carbons as the positive electrode material.
Coherent and compact supercontinuum light sources for the mid IR spectral regime are disclosed and exemplary applications thereof. The supercontinuum generation is based on the use of highly nonlinear fibers or waveguides. In at least one embodiment the coherence of the supercontinuum sources is increased using low noise mode locked short pulse sources. Compact supercontinuum light sources can be constructed with the use of passively mode locked fiber or diode lasers. Wavelength tunable sources can be constructed using appropriate optical filters or frequency conversion sections. Highly coherent supercontinuum sources further facilitate coherent detection schemes and can improve the signal/noise ratio in lock in detection schemes.
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
G02F 1/365 - Non-linear optics in an optical waveguide structure
Coherent and compact supercontinuum light sources for the mid IR spectral regime are disclosed and exemplary applications thereof. The supercontinuum generation is based on the use of highly nonlinear fibers or waveguides. In at least one embodiment the coherence of the supercontinuum sources is increased using low noise mode locked short pulse sources. Compact supercontinuum light sources can be constructed with the use of passively mode locked fiber or diode lasers. Wavelength tunable sources can be constructed using appropriate optical filters or frequency conversion sections. Highly coherent supercontinuum sources further facilitate coherent detection schemes and can improve the signal/noise ratio in lock in detection schemes.
In at least one embodiment time separated pulse pairs are generated, followed by amplification to increase the available peak and/or average power. The pulses are characterized by a time separation that exceeds the input pulse width and with distinct polarization states. The time and polarization discrimination allows easy extraction of the pulses after amplification. In some embodiments polarization maintaining (PM) fibers and/or amplifiers are utilized which provides a compact arrangement. At least one implementation provides for seeding of a solid state amplifier or large core fiber amplifier with time delayed, polarization split pulses, with capability for recombining the time separated pulses at an amplifier output. In various implementations suitable combinations of bulk optics and fibers may be utilized. In some implementations wavelength converted pulse trains are generated. A method and system of the present invention can be used in time domain applications utilizing multiple beam paths, for example spectroscopy.
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
In at least one embodiment time separated pulse pairs are generated, followed by amplification to increase the available peak and/or average power. The pulses are characterized by a time separation that exceeds the input pulse width and with distinct polarization states. The time and polarization discrimination allows easy extraction of the pulses after amplification. In some embodiments polarization maintaining (PM) fibers and/or amplifiers are utilized which provides a compact arrangement. At least one implementation provides for seeding of a solid state amplifier or large core fiber amplifier with time delayed, polarization split pulses, with capability for recombining the time separated pulses at an amplifier output. In various implementations suitable combinations of bulk optics and fibers may be utilized. In some implementations wavelength converted pulse trains are generated. A method and system of the present invention can be used in time domain applications utilizing multiple beam paths, for example spectroscopy.
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
92.
STABLE COLLOIDAL GOLD NANOPARTICLES WITH CONTROLLABLE SURFACE MODIFICATION AND FUNCTIONALIZATION
In the present invention, a method of producing stable bare colloidal gold nanoparticles is disclosed. The nanoparticles can subsequently be subjected to partial or full surface modification. The method comprises preparation of colloidal gold nanoparticles in a liquid by employing a top-down nanofabrication method using bulk gold as a source material. The surface modification of these nanoparticles is carried out by adding one or multiple types of ligands each containing functional groups which exhibit affinity for gold nanoparticle surfaces to produce the conjugates. Because of the high efficiency and excellent stability of the nanoparticles produced by this method, the fabricated gold nanoparticle conjugates can have surface coverage with functional ligands which can be tuned to be any percent value between 0 and 100%.
In the present invention, a method of producing stable bare colloidal gold nanoparticles is disclosed. The nanoparticles can subsequently be subjected to partial or full surface modification. The method comprises preparation of colloidal gold nanoparticles in a liquid by employing a top-down nanofabrication method using bulk gold as a source material. The surface modification of these nanoparticles is carried out by adding one or multiple types of ligands each containing functional groups which exhibit affinity for gold nanoparticle surfaces to produce the conjugates. Because of the high efficiency and excellent stability of the nanoparticles produced by this method, the fabricated gold nanoparticle conjugates can have surface coverage with functional ligands which can be tuned to be any percent value between 0 and 100%.
Compact high brightness light sources for the mid and far IR spectral region, and exemplary applications are disclosed based on passively mode locked Tm fiber comb lasers. In at least one embodiment the coherence of the comb sources is increased in a system utilizing an amplified single-frequency laser to pump the Tm fiber comb laser. The optical bandwidth generated by the passively mode locked Tm fiber comb laser is further decreased by using simultaneous 2nd and 3rd order dispersion compensation using either appropriate chirped fiber Bragg gratings for dispersion compensation, or fibers with appropriately selected values of 2nd and 3rd order dispersion. Fibers with large anomalous values of third order dispersion, or fibers with large numerical apertures, for example fibers having air-holes formed in the fiber cladding may be utilized.
High power parallel fiber arrays for the amplification of high peak power pulses are described. Fiber arrays based on individual fiber amplifiers as well as fiber arrays based on multi-core fibers can be implemented. The optical phase between the individual fiber amplifier elements of the fiber array is measured and controlled using a variety of phase detection and compensation techniques. High power fiber array amplifiers can be used for EUV and X-ray generation as well as pumping of parametric amplifiers.
H04B 10/17 - in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the signal from optical form
H01S 4/00 - Devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in wave ranges other than those covered by groups , or , e.g. phonon masers, X-ray lasers or gamma-ray lasers
96.
Compact, coherent, high brightness light sources for the mid and far IR
rd order dispersion. Fibers with large anomalous values of third order dispersion, or fibers with large numerical apertures, for example fibers having air-holes formed in the fiber cladding may be utilized.
H01S 3/30 - Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
97.
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR FIBER DELIVERY OF HIGH PEAK POWER OPTICAL PULSES
Methods and systems for delivery of high peak power optical pulses through optical fiber are disclosed. Raman soliton generation is utilized to maintain the properties of the pulses in the delivery fiber. The apparatus can comprise any high peak power pulse source and delivery fiber supporting Raman soliton generation.
A composite nanoparticle, for example a nanoparticle containing one or a plurality of cores embedded in another material. A composite nanoparticle can be formed by a one step process that includes: ejecting material from a bulk target material using physical energy source, with the bulk target material disposed in a liquid. Composite nanoparticles are formed by cooling at least a portion of the ejected material in the liquid. The composite fine particles may then be collected from the liquid. A product that includes composite fine particles may be formed with laser ablation, and ultrashort laser ablation may be utilized so as to preserve composite nanoparticle stoichiometry. For applications of the composite fine particles, optical properties and/or magnetic properties may be exploited for various applications.
A composite nanoparticle, for example a nanoparticle containing one or a plurality of cores embedded in another material. A composite nanoparticle can be formed by a one step process that includes: ejecting material from a bulk target material using physical energy source, with the bulk target material disposed in a liquid. Composite nanoparticles are formed by cooling at least a portion of the ejected material in the liquid. The composite fine particles may then be collected from the liquid. A product that includes composite fine particles may be formed with laser ablation, and ultrashort laser ablation may be utilized so as to preserve composite nanoparticle stoichiometry. For applications of the composite fine particles, optical properties and/or magnetic properties may be exploited for various applications.
B32B 5/16 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, chopped fibres, powder
100.
COMPACT, HIGH BRIGHTNESS LIGHT SOURCES FOR THE MID AND FAR IR
Compact laser systems are disclosed which include ultrafast laser sources in combination with nonlinear crystals or waveguides. In some implementations fiber based mid-IR sources producing very short pulses and/or mid-IR sources based on a mode locked fiber lasers are utilized. Some embodiments may include an infrared source with an amplifier system comprising, in combination, a Tm fiber amplifier and an Er fiber amplifier. A difference frequency generator receives outputs from the Er and/or Tm amplifier system, and generates an output comprising a difference frequency. Exemplary applications of the compact, high brightness mid-IR light sources include medical applications, spectroscopy, ranging, sensing and metrology.
H01S 3/10 - Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
