Abstract

Reclaimed roofing granules, roofing materials comprising reclaimed roofing granules, and methods for forming roofing granules are provided. A roofing granule comprises a roofing shingle waste core having a surface. The roofing shingle waste core comprises a base particle. The roofing shingle waste core comprises an asphalt residue. The asphalt residue covers at least a portion of the roofing shingle waste core. The roofing granule comprises a colored coating. The colored coating covers at least a portion of the asphalt residue.

IPC Classes  ?

• E04D 11/02 - Built-up roofs, i.e. consisting of two or more layers bonded together in situ, at least one of the layers being of watertight composition
• C08L 95/00 - Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar or pitch

Abstract

A composition including at least about 50 wt % basalt and no more than about 20 wt % binding agent, wherein the composition is in the form of a plurality of particles. The composition can find applications in agriculture, horticulture, and gardening, and can be used. e.g., as soil amendment.

IPC Classes  ?

• C05D 9/00 - Other inorganic fertilisers

Abstract

A method comprising (a) obtaining rock fines comprising at least one of basalt, metabasalt, diabase, rhyolite, andesite, meta-andesite, granite, graphite, talc, silica, sand, perlite, or a combination thereof, (b) obtaining a binder, (c) obtaining a material comprising at least one of Ca, Mg, S, B, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn, or a combination thereof, and (d) combining ingredients comprising the rock fines, the binder, and the material.

IPC Classes  ?

• C05G 1/00 - Mixtures of fertilisers covered individually by different subclasses of class
• C05B 7/00 - Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
• C05C 5/04 - Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing calcium nitrate
• C05D 1/02 - Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
• C05D 9/02 - Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
• C05F 11/02 - Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, or similar vegetable deposits
• C05G 5/12 - Granules or flakes
• C05G 5/14 - Tablets, spikes, rods, blocks or balls
• C05G 5/40 - Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix

Abstract

Roofing granules comprising agglomerated inorganic material, and building materials, such as shingles, that include such roofing granules. By fabricating roofing granules from agglomerating inorganic material it is possible to tailor the particle size distribution so as to provide optimal shingle surface coverage, thus reducing shingle weight and usage of raw materials. Additionally, the use of agglomeration permits the utilization of by-products from conventional granule production processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 18/02 - Agglomerated materials
• C04B 18/06 - Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
• C04B 111/00 - Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone
• E04D 1/00 - Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
• E04D 1/22 - Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of specified materials, or of combinations of materials, not covered by any one of groups

Abstract

Reclaimed roofing granules, roofing materials comprising reclaimed roofing granules, and methods for forming roofing granules are provided. A roofing granule comprises a roofing shingle waste core having a surface. The roofing shingle waste core comprises a base particle. The roofing shingle waste core comprises an asphalt residue. The asphalt residue covers at least a portion of the roofing shingle waste core. The roofing granule comprises a colored coating. The colored coating covers at least a portion of the asphalt residue.

IPC Classes  ?

• E04D 7/00 - Roof covering by sealing masses applied in situGravelling of flat roofs
• C08L 95/00 - Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar or pitch
• E04D 11/02 - Built-up roofs, i.e. consisting of two or more layers bonded together in situ, at least one of the layers being of watertight composition

Abstract

Roofing granules comprising agglomerated inorganic material, and building materials, such as shingles, that include such roofing granules. By fabricating roofing granules from agglomerating inorganic material, in combination with a binder composition having a wetting agent, it is possible to increase the yield of the fabricated roofing granules and tailor the particle size distribution so as to provide optimal shingle surface coverage, thus reducing shingle weight and usage of raw materials. Additionally, the use of agglomeration permits the utilization of by-products from conventional granule production processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 18/02 - Agglomerated materials
• C04B 14/14 - Minerals of vulcanic origin
• C04B 41/50 - Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
• C04B 103/40 - Surface-active agents Dispersants
• C04B 111/00 - Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone

Abstract

This invention relates to coated roofing granules, roofing materials made therefrom, and methods of preparing such coated roofing granules. By coating roofing granules with an aqueous coating that includes water, a silicon-containing oligomer or polymer, and an acrylic resin, coated roofing granules can be prepared that exhibit reduced staining as compared to traditional roofing granules that are treated with petroleum oil.

IPC Classes  ?

• E04D 1/20 - Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of plastics, fibrous materials, or wood
• C09D 133/04 - Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
• E04D 1/00 - Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements

Abstract

Colored roofing granules comprising agglomerated inorganic material with embedded pigment, and building materials, such as roofing shingles, that include such colored roofing granules. By fabricating colored roofing granules from agglomerating inorganic material it is possible to tailor the particle size distribution so as to provide optimal shingle surface coverage, thus reducing shingle weight and usage of raw materials. Additionally, agglomeration of inorganic material with embedded pigment, including colored rock fines and/or colored mineral fines, permits the utilization of by-products from conventional granule production processes, including a waste stream of pigment.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 18/02 - Agglomerated materials
• C04B 14/14 - Minerals of vulcanic origin
• C04B 18/12 - Waste materialsRefuse from quarries, mining or the like
• C04B 103/54 - PigmentsDyes
• C04B 111/00 - Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone

Abstract

Roofing granules comprising agglomerated inorganic material treated with carbon dioxide gas, and building materials, such as shingles, that include such roofing granules. By fabricating roofing granules from agglomerating inorganic material it is possible to tailor the particle size distribution so as to provide optimal shingle surface coverage, thus reducing shingle weight and usage of raw materials. Additionally, the use of agglomeration permits the utilization of by-products from conventional granule production processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 18/02 - Agglomerated materials
• C04B 14/14 - Minerals of vulcanic origin
• C04B 14/42 - Glass
• C04B 20/00 - Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups and characterised by shape or grain distributionTreatment of materials according to more than one of the groups specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stoneExpanding or defibrillating materials
• C04B 20/10 - Coating or impregnating
• C04B 26/26 - Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
• C04B 111/00 - Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone

Abstract

Roofing granules comprising agglomerated inorganic material, and building materials, such as shingles, that include such roofing granules. By fabricating roofing granules from agglomerating inorganic material it is possible to tailor the particle size distribution so as to provide optimal shingle surface coverage, thus reducing shingle weight and usage of raw materials. Additionally, the use of agglomeration permits the utilization of by-products from conventional granule production processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 18/02 - Agglomerated materials
• C04B 18/06 - Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
• C04B 111/00 - Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone
• E04D 1/00 - Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
• E04D 1/22 - Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of specified materials, or of combinations of materials, not covered by any one of groups

Abstract

A method comprising (a) obtaining rock fines comprising at least one of basalt, metabasalt, diabase, rhyolite, andesite, meta-andesite, granite, graphite, talc, silica, sand, perlite, or a combination thereof, (b) obtaining a binder, (c) obtaining a material comprising at least one of Ca, Mg, S, B, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn, or a combination thereof, and (d) combining ingredients comprising the rock fines, the binder, and the material.

IPC Classes  ?

• C05G 1/00 - Mixtures of fertilisers covered individually by different subclasses of class
• C05B 7/00 - Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
• C05C 5/04 - Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing calcium nitrate
• C05D 1/02 - Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
• C05D 9/02 - Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
• C05F 11/02 - Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, or similar vegetable deposits
• C05G 5/12 - Granules or flakes
• C05G 5/14 - Tablets, spikes, rods, blocks or balls
• C05G 5/40 - Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix

Abstract

A composition that includes (a) at least one of basalt, metabasalt, diabase, andesite, meta-andesite, phyllite, rhyolite, or a combination thereof, with the at least one of basalt, metabasalt, diabase, andesite, meta-andesite, phyllite, rhyolite, or a combination thereof being present at 30 wt% to 70 wt% based on a total weight of the composition, (b) an organic portion that is present at 20 wt% to 65 wt% based on the total weight of the composition, and (c) a binder. The composition is in the form of a plurality of particles. The composition can find applications in agriculture, horticulture, and gardening, and can be used, e.g., as soil amendment.

IPC Classes  ?

• C05F 11/00 - Other organic fertilisers
• C09K 17/40 - Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
• C05D 3/02 - Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium compounds

Abstract

A composition that includes (a) at least one of basalt, metabasalt, diabase, andesite, meta-andesite, phyllite, rhyolite, or a combination thereof, with the at least one of basalt, metabasalt, diabase, andesite, meta-andesite, phyllite, rhyolite, or a combination thereof being present at 30 wt % to 70 wt % based on a total weight of the composition, (b) an organic portion that is present at 20 wt % to 65 wt % based on the total weight of the composition, and (c) a binder. The composition is in the form of a plurality of particles. The composition can find applications in agriculture, horticulture, and gardening, and can be used, e.g., as soil amendment.

IPC Classes  ?

• C05G 3/80 - Soil conditioners

Abstract

Roofing granules comprising agglomerated inorganic material, and building materials, such as shingles, that include such roofing granules. By fabricating roofing granules from agglomerating inorganic material, in combination with a binder composition having a wetting agent, it is possible to increase the yield of the fabricated roofing granules and tailor the particle size distribution so as to provide optimal shingle surface coverage, thus reducing shingle weight and usage of raw materials. Additionally, the use of agglomeration permits the utilization of by-products from conventional granule production processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 18/02 - Agglomerated materials
• C04B 14/14 - Minerals of vulcanic origin
• C04B 41/50 - Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
• C04B 103/40 - Surface-active agents Dispersants
• C04B 111/00 - Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone

Abstract

This invention relates to coated roofing granules, roofing materials made therefrom, and methods of preparing such coated roofing granules. By coating roofing granules with an aqueous coating that includes water, a silicon-containing oligomer or polymer, and an acrylic resin, coated roofing granules can be prepared that exhibit reduced staining as compared to traditional roofing granules that are treated with petroleum oil.

IPC Classes  ?

• E04D 1/20 - Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of plastics, fibrous materials, or wood
• C09D 133/04 - Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
• E04D 1/00 - Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements

Abstract

A composition including at least about 50 wt % basalt and no more than about 20 wt % binding agent, wherein the composition is in the form of a plurality of particles. The composition can find applications in agriculture, horticulture, and gardening, and can be used. e.g., as soil amendment.

IPC Classes  ?

• C05D 9/00 - Other inorganic fertilisers

Abstract

Roofing granules comprising agglomerated inorganic material, and building materials, such as shingles, that include such roofing granules. By fabricating roofing granules from agglomerating inorganic material it is possible to tailor the particle size distribution so as to provide optimal shingle surface coverage, thus reducing shingle weight and usage of raw materials. Additionally, the use of agglomeration permits the utilization of by-products from conventional granule production processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 18/02 - Agglomerated materials
• C04B 18/06 - Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
• C04B 111/00 - Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone
• E04D 1/00 - Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
• E04D 1/22 - Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of specified materials, or of combinations of materials, not covered by any one of groups

Abstract

A method comprising (a) obtaining rock fines comprising at least one of basalt, metabasalt, diabase, rhyolite, andesite, meta-andesite, granite, graphite, talc, silica, sand, perlite, or a combination thereof, (b) obtaining a binder, (c) obtaining a material comprising at least one of Ca, Mg, S, B, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn, or a combination thereof, and (d) combining ingredients comprising the rock fines, the binder, and the material.

IPC Classes  ?

• C05G 1/00 - Mixtures of fertilisers covered individually by different subclasses of class
• C05B 7/00 - Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
• C05C 5/04 - Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing calcium nitrate
• C05D 1/02 - Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
• C05D 9/02 - Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
• C05F 11/02 - Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, or similar vegetable deposits
• C05G 5/12 - Granules or flakes
• C05G 5/14 - Tablets, spikes, rods, blocks or balls
• C05G 5/40 - Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix

Abstract

Roofing granules comprising agglomerated inorganic material treated with carbon dioxide gas, and building materials, such as shingles, that include such roofing granules. By fabricating roofing granules from agglomerating inorganic material it is possible to tailor the particle size distribution so as to provide optimal shingle surface coverage, thus reducing shingle weight and usage of raw materials. Additionally, the use of agglomeration permits the utilization of by-products from conventional granule production processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 18/02 - Agglomerated materials
• C04B 14/14 - Minerals of vulcanic origin
• C04B 14/42 - Glass
• C04B 20/00 - Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups and characterised by shape or grain distributionTreatment of materials according to more than one of the groups specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stoneExpanding or defibrillating materials
• C04B 20/10 - Coating or impregnating
• C04B 26/26 - Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
• C04B 111/00 - Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone

Abstract

This invention relates to coated roofing granules, roofing materials made therefrom, and methods of preparing such coated roofing granules. By coating roofing granules with an aqueous coating that includes water, a silicon-containing oligomer or polymer, and an acrylic resin, coated roofing granules can be prepared that exhibit reduced staining as compared to traditional roofing granules that are treated with petroleum oil.

IPC Classes  ?

• E04D 1/20 - Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of plastics, fibrous materials, or wood
• C09D 133/04 - Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
• E04D 1/00 - Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements

Goods & Services

(1) Soil and plant fortifier, namely, soil amendments

Goods & Services

Soil and plant fortifier, namely, soil amendments

Abstract

This invention relates to coated roofing granules, roofing materials made therefrom, and methods of preparing such coated roofing granules. By coating roofing granules with an aqueous coating that includes water, a silicon-containing oligomer or polymer, and an acrylic resin, coated roofing granules can be prepared that exhibit reduced staining as compared to traditional roofing granules that are treated with petroleum oil.

IPC Classes  ?

• E04D 1/20 - Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of plastics, fibrous materials, or wood
• C09D 133/04 - Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
• C08L 95/00 - Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar or pitch
• E04D 1/00 - Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements

Abstract

Roofing granules comprising agglomerated inorganic material, and building materials, such as shingles, that include such roofing granules. By fabricating roofing granules from agglomerating inorganic material it is possible to tailor the particle size distribution so as to provide optimal shingle surface coverage, thus reducing shingle weight and usage of raw materials. Additionally, the use of agglomeration permits the utilization of by-products from conventional granule production processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 18/02 - Agglomerated materials
• E04D 1/22 - Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of specified materials, or of combinations of materials, not covered by any one of groups
• C04B 18/06 - Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
• C04B 111/00 - Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone
• E04D 1/00 - Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements

Abstract

Roofing granules comprising agglomerated inorganic material, and building materials, such as shingles, that include such roofing granules. By fabricating roofing granules from agglomerating inorganic material it is possible to tailor the particle size distribution so as to provide optimal shingle surface coverage, thus reducing shingle weight and usage of raw materials. Additionally, the use of agglomeration permits the utilization of by-products from conventional granule production processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 18/02 - Agglomerated materials
• E04D 1/22 - Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of specified materials, or of combinations of materials, not covered by any one of groups
• C04B 18/06 - Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
• C04B 111/00 - Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone
• E04D 1/00 - Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements

Abstract

A composition including at least about 50 wt % basalt and no more than about 20 wt % binding agent, wherein the composition is in the form of a plurality of particles. The composition can find applications in agriculture, horticulture, and gardening, and can be used, e.g., as soil amendment.

IPC Classes  ?

• C05D 9/00 - Other inorganic fertilisers

Abstract

Roofing granules comprising agglomerated inorganic material, and building materials, such as shingles, that include such roofing granules. By fabricating roofing granules from agglomerating inorganic material it is possible to tailor the particle size distribution so as to provide optimal shingle surface coverage, thus reducing shingle weight and usage of raw materials. Additionally, the use of agglomeration permits the utilization of by-products from conventional granule production processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 18/02 - Agglomerated materials
• E04D 1/22 - Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of specified materials, or of combinations of materials, not covered by any one of groups
• C04B 18/06 - Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
• C04B 111/00 - Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone
• E04D 1/00 - Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements

Abstract

Roofing granules comprising agglomerated inorganic material, and building materials, such as shingles, that include such roofing granules. By fabricating roofing granules from agglomerating inorganic material it is possible to tailor the particle size distribution so as to provide optimal shingle surface coverage, thus reducing shingle weight and usage of raw materials. Additionally, the use of agglomeration permits the utilization of by-products from conventional granule production processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 18/02 - Agglomerated materials
• C04B 18/06 - Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
• E04D 1/22 - Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of specified materials, or of combinations of materials, not covered by any one of groups

Abstract

A composition including at least about 50 wt % basalt and no more than about 20 wt % binding agent, wherein the composition is in the form of a plurality of particles. The composition can find applications in agriculture, horticulture, and gardening, and can be used, e.g., as soil amendment.

IPC Classes  ?

• C05D 9/00 - Other inorganic fertilisers

Abstract

A composition including at least about 50 wt% basalt and no more than about 20 wt% binding agent, wherein the composition is in the form of a plurality of particles. The composition can find applications in agriculture, horticulture, and gardening, and can be used, e.g., as soil amendment.

IPC Classes  ?

• C05D 9/00 - Other inorganic fertilisers

Abstract

A composition including at least about 50 wt % basalt and no more than about 20 wt % binding agent, wherein the composition is in the form of a plurality of particles. The composition can find applications in agriculture, horticulture, and gardening, and can be used, e.g., as soil amendment.

IPC Classes  ?

• C05D 9/00 - Other inorganic fertilisers

Abstract

The invention provides a bright white refractory roofing granule, comprising a ceramic material formed from a substantially homogenous mixture of a ceramic-forming clay, sintering material, and optionally comprising silica particles, and other potential additives, said bright white refractory roofing granule having a total solar reflectance of at least 0.80 and a Hunter Color Lvalue of at least 85.0, together with processes for making and using the same.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 1/02 - Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are madeOptical coatings for optical elements made of crystals, e.g. rock-salt, semiconductors
• D06N 5/00 - Roofing felt, i.e. fibrous webs coated with bitumen
• E04D 7/00 - Roof covering by sealing masses applied in situGravelling of flat roofs
• C04B 35/626 - Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches
• C04B 38/00 - Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic warePreparation thereof
• C04B 35/63 - Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches using additives specially adapted for forming the products
• C04B 33/14 - Colouring matters
• C04B 35/628 - Coating the powders
• B29C 48/04 - Particle-shaped
• B05D 3/00 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
• E04D 1/00 - Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
• C04B 111/00 - Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone

Goods & Services

Non-metal mineral granules for use on roofing shingles and roof coverings

Goods & Services

Non-metal mineral granules for use on roofing shingles and roof coverings

Goods & Services

Manufacturing services in the field of granules for use in the manufacture of roofing products, flooring products, paving products, horse arenas/rings footing products, and wall plastering products

Goods & Services

Manufacturing services in the field of granules for use in the manufacture of roofing products, flooring products, paving products, horse arenas/rings footing products, wall plastering products

Abstract

Roofing granules, methods for their preparation, having a Total Solar Reflectance of at least 25% on a substrate or carrier.

IPC Classes  ?

• B32B 5/16 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, chopped fibres, powder
• B05D 3/02 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
• B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials

Goods & Services

Mineral Granules for making building products

Abstract

Roofing granules, methods for their preparation, having a Total Solar Reflectance of at least 25% on a substrate or carrier.

IPC Classes  ?

• B32B 5/16 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, chopped fibres, powder
• B05D 3/02 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
• B05D 7/00 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials