A device that includes an electrochemical cell that includes a rigid housing, electrodes that comprises an anode, a cathode, and an adjustable pressure element configured to assert a controlled pressure on at least one of the electrodes. The controlled pressure is set to a first value during a first point in time and is set to a second value during a second point in time. The electrodes and the adjustable pressure element are located within the rigid housing.
H01M 50/103 - Primary casingsJackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
H01M 50/107 - Primary casingsJackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
A method for cooling a battery unit of an electric vehicle, the method includes fluidly coupling a daytime passive radiative cooling (DPRC) based cooling unit to a battery unit cooling element that is in fluid communication with the battery unit; and cooling the battery unit cooling element by the DPRC based cooling unit.
B60L 58/26 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
B60K 11/04 - Arrangement or mounting of radiators, radiator shutters, or radiator blinds
A lithium ion cell that includes electrodes, an organic electrolyte; and a metal-free electrolyte additive that comprises an epoxide functional group configured to convert gaseous carbon dioxide generated during use of the lithium ion cell into liquid carbonate under ambient conditions.
Rechargeable battery cells and methods for extreme fast charging are disclosed. For example, such a rechargeable battery cell might be chargeable to at least 70% of usable capacity within 15 minutes. Such a rechargeable battery cell may include an anode containing a Si—C composite within a porous structure, a metal oxide-based cathode configured as a source of Li ions, an electrolyte capable of carrying Li-ions between the anode and the cathode, and a separator between the anode and the cathode. The rechargeable battery may have an interface between the anode and the cathode that is pressurized in an amount sufficient to manage volumetric changes during charging and discharging processes.
Rechargeable battery cells and methods for extreme fast charging are disclosed. For example, such a rechargeable battery cell might be chargeable to at least 70% of usable capacity within 15 minutes. Such a rechargeable battery cell may include an anode having a conductive current collector coated with a composite containing at least 30% Si by weight, a cathode configured as a source of Li ions, an electrolyte capable of carrying Li-ions between the anode and the cathode, and a separator between the anode and the cathode, the separator having a porosity of at least 38%. Methods of charging such rechargeable battery cells are also disclosed.
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/0567 - Liquid materials characterised by the additives
H01M 10/0568 - Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
6.
Rechargeable battery cell with ultra thin separator
Rechargeable battery cells and methods for extreme fast charging are disclosed. For example, such a rechargeable battery cell might be chargeable to at least 70% of usable capacity within 15 minutes. Such a rechargeable battery cell may include an anode having a conductive current collector coated with a composite containing a carbon-based material, a cathode configured as a source of Li ions, an electrolyte capable of carrying Li-ions between the anode and the cathode, and a separator between the anode and the cathode, the separator having a thickness of less than 20 microns. Methods of charging the rechargeable battery cells are also disclosed.
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/136 - Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/583 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/0568 - Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
7.
Rechargeable battery cell with increased areal capacity
2, wherein a ratio of areal capacity of the at least one surface of the anode to the at least one surface of the cathode is between 1.15 to 1.45. Methods of charging rechargeable battery cells disclosed herein under conditions sufficient to enable charging of at least 70% of usable capacity to the rechargeable battery cell within 15 minutes, are also disclosed.
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/136 - Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/583 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
H01M 10/0568 - Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
8.
HIGH THROUGHPUT CHARGING OF FAST CHARGING ELECTRICAL VEHICLES
A method for high-throughput charging of fast charging electrical vehicles (FCEVs), the method may include: (a) obtaining information about optimal charging patterns (CP) of a set of FCEVs that exhibit a charging rate that exceeds two C; (b) determining a set of actual CPs for charging the set of the FCEVs in an at least partially overlapping manner, wherein an actual CP of a given FCEV of the set of the FCEVs is a residual CP that (i) is determined based on a CP of another FCEV of the set of FCEVs, and (ii) significantly differs from an optimal CP of the given FCEV; wherein the CP of the other FCEV is selected out of an optimal CP of the other FCEV and an actual CP of the other FCEV; and (c) executing at least a part of the charging, by a charging system, of the set of the FCEVs in the at least partially overlapping manner.
B60L 53/62 - Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
B60L 58/12 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
B60L 58/18 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
9.
Li-ion cells with extreme fast charging capabilities
Rechargeable battery cells and methods for extreme fast charging are disclosed. For example, such a rechargeable battery cell might be chargeable to at least 70% of usable capacity within 15 minutes. Such a rechargeable battery cell may include an anode having at least one surface with a reversible areal capacity, after formation, up to 8.0 mAh/cm2, containing a Si-C composite within a porous structure and including a carbon-based conductive additive, wherein the Si-C composite is at least 30% Si by weight, and the material is at least 85% Si-C composite. The rechargeable battery cell may also include a cathode having at least one surface with a reversible areal capacity, after formation, up to 6 mAh/cm2, wherein a ratio of areal capacity of the at least one surface of the anode to the at least one surface of the cathode is between 1.15 to 1.45.
H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/48 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 50/446 - Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
H01M 50/451 - Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
11.
Electrochemical device with improved thermal conductivity
A structural battery that consists essentially of (a) a frame that consists essentially of frame conductive elements, frame insolating elements and one or more fluid conductive paths; (b) one or more inner space pairs, each inner space pair (i) consists essentially of a first inner space and a second inner space, (ii) is associated with a fluid conductive path of the one or more fluid conductive paths, (iii) and has the first inner space located at one side of the fluid conductive path and has the second inner space located at another side of the fluid conductive path; (c) one or more cell cores pairs, each cell cores pair (i) consists essentially of a first cell core and a second cell core, (ii) is associated with the fluid conductive path of the one or more fluid conductive paths, and (iii) has the first cell core located within a first inner space associated with the fluid conductive path and has the second cell core located within a second inner space associated with the fluid conductive path.
An electrochemical electrode that includes electrode active material, and a current conductor that includes a coated portion that is coated with the electrode active material, a heat transfer portion and a current pad. The heat transfer portion and the current pad are external to the electrode active material. The current pad differs from the heat transfer portion.
H01M 10/654 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
H01M 50/531 - Electrode connections inside a battery casing
H01M 50/131 - Primary casingsJackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
H01M 50/54 - Connection of several leads or tabs of plate-like electrode stacks, e.g. electrode pole straps or bridges
H01M 50/538 - Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
An ion-lithium battery that may include an anode, a cathode, and at least one out of an anode related self-healing combination and a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) self-healing combination; wherein the SEI related self-healing combination comprises a SEI self-healing additive, a SEI forming moiety and a first linker for linking the SEI self-healing additive to the SEI forming moiety; and wherein the anode related self-healing combination comprises an anode self-healing additive, an anode connection functional group, and a second linker for linking the anode self-healing additive to the anode connection functional group.
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
C07D 239/22 - Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
A manufacturing method related to a slurry, the method may include preparing a slurry that comprises anode active material, one or more binders and one or more additives, wherein the anode active material are partially coated anode active material that are partially coated with lithium sulfate
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
A charging system that may include a booster unit; a main charging unit that has a charging capability and is configured to use, during a first charging phase, a first part of the charging capacity for charging battery cells by providing a high-C charging current of at least 4 C. The main charging unit is further configured to use a second part of the charging capacity, during the first charging phase, to charge the booster unit. The first part of the charging capacity is limited by a first charging current limitation of the battery cells.
An electrochemical device that includes an electrochemical cell. The electrochemical cell includes a thermal conductive path that thermally couples one or more interior elements of the electrochemical cell to an external part of the electrochemical cell.
H01M 50/107 - Primary casingsJackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
H01M 10/655 - Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
A method for managing gas generated during a formation phase of a cell that is a hard-case electrochemical cell, the method may include supplying electrolyte to the cell; initially charging and discharging the cell during a formation phase; and permanently sealing the cell; wherein the method further comprises temporarily sealing the electrolyte during the formation phase.
An electrochemical cell that may include a cathode sheet; a cathode tab that extends from the cathode sheet; an anode sheet; an anode tab that extends from the anode sheet, the second direction differs from the first direction; one or more separator sheets; and a first electrical connecting unit. The cathode sheet, the anode sheet and the one or more separator sheets are wound around a common axis to form multiple windings; wherein the one or more separator sheets separate between the anode sheet and the cathode sheet. The first electrical connecting unit mechanically and electrically contacts a first portion of a first electrode tab, the first portion belongs to a first winding of the multiple windings; wherein the first electrode tab is one of the anode tab and the cathode tab.
A multi-electrolyte battery, that may include an anode, a cathode, a solid electrolyte positioned between the anode and the cathode, current carriers that comprises an anode current carrier and a cathode current carrier; and at least one other electrolyte. The anode current carrier and the cathode current carrier comprise two external portions that extends outside the anode. The solid electrolyte is sealingly coupled to the two external portions of at least one of the current carriers to define at least one sealed electrolyte, the at least one sealed electrolyte belongs to the at least one other electrolyte.
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
H01M 10/0587 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
Lithium ion batteries and electrolytes therefor are provided, which include electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) that stabilize the SEI (solid-electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the anode material particles, and/or stabilize the CEI (cathode electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the cathode material particles, and/or act as oxygen scavengers to prevent cell degradation. The electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) may function as polymerization controlling and/or chain transfer agents that regulate the level of polymerization of other electrolyte components, such as VC (vinyl carbonate) and improve the formation and operation of the batteries. The lithium ion batteries may have metalloid-based anodes—including mostly Si, Ge and/or Sn as anode active material particles.
Lithium ion batteries and electrolytes therefor are provided, which include electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) that stabilize the SEI (solid-electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the anode material particles, and/or stabilize the CEI (cathode electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the cathode material particles, and/or act as oxygen scavengers to prevent cell degradation. The electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) may function as polymerization controlling and/or chain transfer agents that regulate the level of polymerization of other electrolyte components, such as VC (vinyl carbonate) and improve the formation and operation of the batteries. The lithium ion batteries may have metalloid-based anodes including mostly Si, Ge and/or Sn as anode active material particles.
H01M 10/0567 - Liquid materials characterised by the additives
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/0568 - Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
H01M 10/0569 - Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
22.
Electrolyte additives for fast charging lithium ion batteries
Lithium ion batteries and electrolytes therefor are provided, which include electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) that stabilize the SEI (solid-electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the anode material particles, and/or stabilize the CEI (cathode electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the cathode material particles, and/or act as oxygen scavengers to prevent cell degradation. The electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) may function as polymerization controlling and/or chain transfer agents that regulate the level of polymerization of other electrolyte components, such as VC (vinyl carbonate) and improve the formation and operation of the batteries. The lithium ion batteries may have metalloid-based anodes—including mostly Si, Ge and/or Sn as anode active material particles.
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/0567 - Liquid materials characterised by the additives
H01M 10/0569 - Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
23.
Method for configuring and prelithiating a fast charging cell
Prelithiation methods and fast charging lithium ion cell are provided, which combine high energy density and high power density. Several structural and chemical modifications are disclosed to enable combination of features that achieve both goals simultaneously in fast charging cells having long cycling lifetime. The cells have anodes with high content of Si, Ge and/or Sn as principal anode material, and cathodes providing a relatively low C/A ratio, with the anodes being prelithiated to have a high lithium content, provided by a prelithiation algorithm. Disclosed algorithms determine lithium content achieved through prelithiation by optimizing the electrolyte to increase cycling lifetime, adjusting energy density with respect to other cell parameters, and possibly reducing the C/A ratio to maintain the required cycling lifetime.
Methods of preparing Si-based anode slurries and anode made thereof are provided. Methods comprise coating silicon particles within a size range of 300-700 nm by silver and/or tin particles within a size range of 20-500 nm, mixing the coated silicon particles with conductive additives and binders in a solvent to form anode slurry, and preparing an anode from the anode slurry. Alternatively or complementarily, silicon particles may be milled in an organic solvent, and, in the same organic solvent, coating agent(s), conductive additive(s) and binder(s) may be added to the milled silicon particles—to form the Si-based anode slurry. Alternatively or complementarily, milled silicon particles may be mixed, in a first organic solvent, with coating agent(s), conductive additive(s) and binder(s)—to form the Si-based anode slurry. Disclosed methods simplify the anode production process and provide equivalent or superior anodes.
H01B 1/24 - Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon, or silicon
Methods of preparing Si-based anode slurries and anode made thereof are provided. Methods comprise coating silicon particles within a size range of 300-700 nm by silver and/or tin particles within a size range of 20-500 nm, mixing the coated silicon particles with conductive additives and binders in a solvent to form anode slurry, and preparing an anode from the anode slurry. Alternatively or complementarily, silicon particles may be milled in an organic solvent, and, in the same organic solvent, coating agent(s), conductive additive(s) and binder(s) may be added to the milled silicon particles—to form the Si-based anode slurry. Alternatively or complementarily, milled silicon particles may be mixed, in a first organic solvent, with coating agent(s), conductive additive(s) and binder(s)—to form the Si-based anode slurry. Disclosed methods simplify the anode production process and provide equivalent or superior anodes.
Methods of preparing Si-based anode slurries and anode made thereof are provided. Methods comprise coating silicon particles within a size range of 300-700 nm by silver and/or tin particles within a size range of 20-500 nm, mixing the coated silicon particles with conductive additives and binders in a solvent to form anode slurry, and preparing an anode from the anode slurry. Alternatively or complementarily, silicon particles may be milled in an organic solvent, and, in the same organic solvent, coating agent(s), conductive additive(s) and binder(s) may be added to the milled silicon particles—to form the Si-based anode slurry. Alternatively or complementarily, milled silicon particles may be mixed, in a first organic solvent, with coating agent(s), conductive additive(s) and binder(s)—to form the Si-based anode slurry. Disclosed methods simplify the anode production process and provide equivalent or superior anodes.
H01B 1/24 - Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon, or silicon
Fast-charging lithium ion cells are provided, which have electrolytes that do not react with the cell anodes, but instead form a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the cathodes. Advantageously, such electrolytes improve the performance of the fast-charging cells, and enhance their lifetime and safety. Various electrolyte solutions and lithium ions are proposed to limit electrolyte interactions to the cathodes, or possibly even minimize or prevent these reactions by coating the cathodes. Redox couples may be used to prevent SEI formation on the anode, while promoting SEI formation on the cathode.
Methods of managing a lithium ion battery and of recovering branches and/or cells in the battery are provided, as well as battery management systems (BMS) and batteries implementing the methods. Branches and/or cells may be recovered by slow and deep discharging, followed by slow charging—to increase capacity, cycling lifetime and/or enhance safety thereof. BMSs may be configured to diagnose defective branches and/or cells and manage the recovery procedure with respect to changing operational loads the battery and the available internal and external charging sources.
G01R 31/392 - Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
Anodes for lithium-ion batteries and methods for their production are provided. Anodes comprise an initial anode made of consolidated anode material particles, and a coating of the initial anode, that comprises a layer of an ionic-conductive polymer which provides an artificial SEI (solid-electrolyte interphase) to facilitate lithium ion transfer through the coating while preventing direct fluid communication with the anode material particles and electrolyte contact thereto. The coating may be configured to keep the anode resistance low while preventing electrolyte decomposition thereupon, enhancing cell stability and cycling lifetime.
Methods, anode material particles, mixtures, anodes and lithium-ion batteries are provided, having passivated silicon-based particles that enable processing in oxidizing environments such as water-based slurries. Methods comprise forming a mixture of silicon particles with nanoparticles (NPs) and a carbon-based binders and/or surfactants, wherein the NPs comprise at least one of: metalloid oxide NPs, metalloid salt NPs and carbon NPs, reducing the mixture to yield a reduced mixture comprising coated silicon particles with a coating providing a passivation layer (possibly amorphous), and consolidating the reduced mixture to form an anode. It is suggested that the NPs provide nucleation sites for the passivation layer on the surface of the silicon particles—enabling significant anode-formation process simplifications such as using water-based slurries—enabled by disclosed methods and anode active material particles.
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 4/136 - Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M 4/1397 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
Charging systems and methods are provided, which increase charging currents and reduce charging durations for battery cells with metalloid-based anodes that enable high C-rate (charging rate) charging. Specifically, methods comprise charging battery cells having metalloid-based anodes having Si, Ge and/or Sn-based anode active material, by providing a high-C charging current of at least 4 C (or 5 C, or 10 C or more) over a range of at least 10-70% SoC (state of charge) of the battery cells. Charging systems comprise a booster unit configured to provide a high-C charging current over at least most of the SoC range of battery cells having metalloid-based anodes in the at least one battery unit. Charging systems further comprise a user interface configured to receive user preferences concerning a specified charging duration and/or a specified target SoC—for implementation by the charging system.
Systems and methods are provided for operating lithium ion devices by setting an operative capacity below a rated capacity value of the lithium ion device, and operating the lithium ion device at the set operative capacity by decreasing a lower voltage cutoff value during discharging and/or by increasing an upper voltage cutoff level during charging—to support operation at the set operative capacity. The systems and methods may utilize residual lithium in device components such as anodes, cathodes, electrolyte etc. or combinations thereof, and/or external lithiation to increase the cycling lifetime of the lithium ion devices, to adapt to user preferences and expected use profiles, and to simplify device status indications to the user. Advantageously, relatively simple circuitry is required to implement the provided methods and systems, and achieve customizable operation of the lithium ion devices.
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
Methods and systems are provided for optimizing usage of a large number of battery cells, some, most or all of which are fast charging cells, and possibly arranged in battery modules—e.g., for operating an electric vehicle power train. Methods comprise deriving an operation profile for the battery cells/modules for a specified operation scenario and specified optimization parameters, operating the battery cells/modules according to the derived operation profile, and monitoring the operation of the battery cells/modules and adjusting the operation profile correspondingly. Systems may be configured to balance cell/module parameters among modules, to have parallel supplemental modules and/or serial supplementary cells in the modules, and/or have supplemental modules and circuits configured to store excessive charging energy for cells groups and/or modules—to increase the cycling lifetime and possibly the efficiency of the systems. Disclosed redundancy management improves battery performance and lifetime.
Electrodes, production methods and mono-cell batteries are provided, which comprise active material particles embedded in electrically conductive metallic porous structure, dry-etched anode structures and battery structures with thick anodes and cathodes that have spatially uniform resistance. The metallic porous structure provides electric conductivity, a large volume that supports good ionic conductivity, that in turn reduces directional elongation of the particles during operation, and may enable reduction or removal of binders, conductive additives and/or current collectors to yield electrodes with higher structural stability, lower resistance, possibly higher energy density and longer cycling lifetime. Dry etching treatments may be used to reduce oxidized surfaces of the active material particles, thereby simplifying production methods and enhancing porosity and ionic conductivity of the electrodes. Electrodes may be made thick and used to form mono-cell batteries which are simple to produce and yield high performance.
Electrodes, production methods and mono-cell batteries are provided, which comprise active material particles embedded in electrically conductive metallic porous structure, dry-etched anode structures and battery structures with thick anodes and cathodes that have spatially uniform resistance. The metallic porous structure provides electric conductivity, a large volume that supports good ionic conductivity, that in turn reduces directional elongation of the particles during operation, and may enable reduction or removal of binders, conductive additives and/or current collectors to yield electrodes with higher structural stability, lower resistance, possibly higher energy density and longer cycling lifetime. Dry etching treatments may be used to reduce oxidized surfaces of the active material particles, thereby simplifying production methods and enhancing porosity and ionic conductivity of the electrodes. Electrodes may be made thick and used to form mono-cell batteries which are simple to produce and yield high performance.
Electrodes, production methods and mono-cell batteries are provided, which comprise active material particles embedded in electrically conductive metallic porous structure, dry-etched anode structures and battery structures with thick anodes and cathodes that have spatially uniform resistance. The metallic porous structure provides electric conductivity, a large volume that supports good ionic conductivity, that in turn reduces directional elongation of the particles during operation, and may enable reduction or removal of binders, conductive additives and/or current collectors to yield electrodes with higher structural stability, lower resistance, possibly higher energy density and longer cycling lifetime. Dry etching treatments may be used to reduce oxidized surfaces of the active material particles, thereby simplifying production methods and enhancing porosity and ionic conductivity of the electrodes. Electrodes may be made thick and used to form mono-cell batteries which are simple to produce and yield high performance.
Methods and systems are provided for estimating and extending the expected cell cycling lifetime for produced lithium ion cells. Methods comprise monitoring charging and/or discharging peak(s) during formation cycles of the cells, which are defined with respect to dQ/dV measurements during the formation cycles, and ending the formation process once the charging and/or discharging peaks disappear, optionally deriving the expected cell cycling lifetime by comparing the monitored peaks to specified thresholds that are correlated to the lifetime. The methods may be implemented by controller(s) at the battery, device and/or factory levels, which may be operated in combination. Formation processes and/or cell operation schemes may be adjusted accordingly, to avoid excessive dQ/dV rates and increase thereby the cell cycling lifetime.
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
38.
In-operation cathode lithiation according to SoH monitoring
Systems and methods are provided, in which the level of metal ions in cells stacks and lithium ion batteries is regulated in situ, with the electrodes of the cell stack(s) in the respective pouches. Regulation of metal ions may be carried out electrochemically by metal ion sources in the pouches, electrically connected to the electrodes. The position and shape of the metal ion sources may be optimized to create uniform metal ion movements to the electrode surfaces and favorable SEI formation. The metal ion sources may be removable, or comprise a lithium source for lithiating the anodes or cathodes during operation of the battery according to SoH parameters. Regulation of metal ions may be carried out from metal ion sources in separate electrolyte reservoir(s), with circulation of the metal-ion-containing electrolyte through the cell stacks in the pouches prior or during the formation.
Lithium ion batteries and cells, as well as operating and testing methods are provided, which utilize a transparent pouch to monitor the battery in operational condition and/or in operation. Transparent parts of the pouch may be used for direct sensing of cell elements. Removable covers may be used to protect battery components from illumination damage. Indicators in the transparent pouch may be associated with cell components such as electrodes and electrolyte to indicate their condition. External sensors may be used to derive data from the indicators, and bi-directional electromagnetic (e.g., optical) communication may be established through the transparent pouch, to enhance monitoring and spare physical electrical connections. For example, the transparent pouch may be used to monitor and enhance battery safety and/or to modify operational parameters non-destructively, during operation of the battery.
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H01M 50/116 - Primary casingsJackets or wrappings characterised by the material
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 50/131 - Primary casingsJackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
40.
Extending cycling lifetime of fast-charging lithium ion batteries
Methods, systems and battery modules are provided, which increase the cycling lifetime of fast charging lithium ion batteries. During the formation process, the charging currents are adjusted to optimize the cell formation, possibly according to the characteristics of the formation process itself, and discharge extents are partial and optimized as well, as is the overall structure of the formation process. During operation, voltage ranges are initially set to be narrow, and are broadened upon battery deterioration to maximize the overall lifetime. Current adjustments are applied in operation as well, with respect to the deteriorating capacity of the battery. Various formation and operation strategies are disclosed, as basis for specific optimizations.
Charging methods and systems are provided which charge multiple cells directly from an AC source, by adjusting, momentarily, the number of charged cells to the momentary voltage level provided by the AC source. Cells are rapidly switched in and out to correspond to the provided voltage level, and the charging level of each cell is regulated by the switching order of the cells—determined according to cell characteristics such as state of charge and state of health. Advantageously, charging losses are reduced significantly in the disclosed systems and methods, and an additional level of cell control is provided. The charged assembly of cells may be arranged and re-arranged in various configurations to optimize the charging scheme, e.g., to equalize the charging states of the cells to simplify the use and improve the efficiency of the cell stack.
Electrodes, production methods and mono-cell batteries are provided, which comprise active material particles embedded in electrically conductive metallic porous structure, dry-etched anode structures and battery structures with thick anodes and cathodes that have spatially uniform resistance. The metallic porous structure provides electric conductivity, a large volume that supports good ionic conductivity, that in turn reduces directional elongation of the particles during operation, and may enable reduction or removal of binders, conductive additives and/or current collectors to yield electrodes with higher structural stability, lower resistance, possibly higher energy density and longer cycling lifetime. Dry etching treatments may be used to reduce oxidized surfaces of the active material particles, thereby simplifying production methods and enhancing porosity and ionic conductivity of the electrodes. Electrodes may be made thick and used to form mono-cell batteries which are simple to produce and yield high performance.
Electrodes, production methods and mono-cell batteries are provided, which comprise active material particles embedded in electrically conductive metallic porous structure, dry-etched anode structures and battery structures with thick anodes and cathodes that have spatially uniform resistance. The metallic porous structure provides electric conductivity, a large volume that supports good ionic conductivity, that in turn reduces directional elongation of the particles during operation, and may enable reduction or removal of binders, conductive additives and/or current collectors to yield electrodes with higher structural stability, lower resistance, possibly higher energy density and longer cycling lifetime. Dry etching treatments may be used to reduce oxidized surfaces of the active material particles, thereby simplifying production methods and enhancing porosity and ionic conductivity of the electrodes. Electrodes may be made thick and used to form mono-cell batteries which are simple to produce and yield high performance.
Chargers and methods are provided which increase the charging efficiency of the chargers by implementing voltage amplitude modulation (VAM) instead of voltage frequency modulation. The charging voltage amplitude is modulated using feedback from at least one energy storage device that is being charged by the charger, while maintaining a charging voltage frequency constant at a LLC resonance frequency of the charger. A buck/boost configuration may be used to reduce maximal voltage levels and further optimize the charger's design.
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02M 1/42 - Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
H02J 7/02 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
Single, internally adjustable modular battery systems are provided, for handling power delivery from and to various power systems such as electric vehicles, photovoltaic systems, solar systems, grid-scale battery energy storage systems, home energy storage systems and power walls. Batteries comprise a main fast-charging lithium ion battery (FC), configured to deliver power to the electric vehicle, a supercapacitor-emulating fast-charging lithium ion battery (SCeFC), configured to receive power and deliver power to the FC and/or to the EV and to operate at high rates within a limited operation range of state of charge (SoC), respective module management systems, and a control unit. Both the FC and the SCeFC have anodes based on the same anode active material and the control unit is configured to manage the FC and the SCeFC and manage power delivery to and from the power system(s), to optimize the operation of the FC.
H01M 4/13 - Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulatorsProcesses of manufacture thereof
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 2/00 - Constructional details, or processes of manufacture, of the non-active parts
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
B60L 50/60 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
B60L 53/10 - Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehiclesCharging stations or on-board charging equipment thereforExchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
B60L 58/13 - Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
B60L 58/18 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
H02J 7/34 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
Electrolytes, anodes, lithium ion cells and methods are provided for preventing lithium metallization in lithium ion batteries to enhance their safety. Electrolytes comprise up to 20% ionic liquid additives which form a mobile solid electrolyte interface during charging of the cell and prevent lithium metallization and electrolyte decomposition on the anode while maintaining the lithium ion mobility at a level which enables fast charging of the batteries. Anodes are typically metalloid-based, for example include silicon, germanium, tin and/or aluminum. A surface layer on the anode bonds, at least some of the ionic liquid additive to form an immobilized layer that provides further protection at the interface between the anode and the electrolyte, prevents metallization of lithium on the former and decomposition of the latter.
H01M 10/0567 - Liquid materials characterised by the additives
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
H01M 4/60 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
Lithium ion batteries and electrolytes therefor are provided, which include electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) that stabilize the SEI (solid-electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the anode material particles, and/or stabilize the CEI (cathode electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the cathode material particles, and/or act as oxygen scavengers to prevent cell degradation. The electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) may function as polymerization controlling and/or chain transfer agents that regulate the level of polymerization of other electrolyte components, such as VC (vinylene carbonate) and improve the formation and operation of the batteries. The lithium ion batteries may have metalloid-based anodes—including mostly Si, Ge and/or Sn as anode active material particles.
Improved anodes and cells are provided, which enable fast charging rates with enhanced safety due to much reduced probability of metallization of lithium on the anode, preventing dendrite growth and related risks of fire or explosion. Anodes and/or electrolytes have buffering zones for partly reducing and gradually introducing lithium ions into the anode for lithiation, to prevent lithium ion accumulation at the anode electrolyte interface and consequent metallization and dendrite growth. Various anode active materials and combinations, modifications through nanoparticles and a range of coatings which implement the improved anodes are provided.
Electrolytes, anode material particles and methods are provided for improving performance and enhancing the safety of lithium ion batteries. Electrolytes may comprise ionic liquid(s) as additives which protect the anode material particles and possibly bind thereto; and/or may comprise a large portion of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and/or vinylene carbonate (VC) as the cyclic carbonate component, and possibly ethyl acetate (EA) and/or ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) as the linear component; and/or may comprise composite electrolytes having solid electrolyte particles coated by flexible ionic conductive material. Ionic liquid may be used to pre-lithiate in situ the anode material particles. Disclosed electrolytes improve lithium ion conductivity, prevent electrolyte decomposition and/or prevents lithium metallization on the surface of the anode.
Lithium ion batteries and electrolytes therefor are provided, which include electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) that stabilize the SEI (solid-electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the anode material particles, and/or stabilize the CEI (cathode electrolyte interface) at the surfaces of the cathode material particles, and/or act as oxygen scavengers to prevent cell degradation. The electrolyte additives having dithioester functional group(s) may function as polymerization controlling and/or chain transfer agents that regulate the level of polymerization of other electrolyte components, such as VC (vinyl carbonate) and improve the formation and operation of the batteries. The lithium ion batteries may have metalloid-based anodes—including mostly Si, Ge and/or Sn as anode active material particles.
Methods, stacks and electrochemical cells are provided, in which the cell separator is surface-treated prior to attachment to the electrode(s) to form binding sites on the cell separator and enhance binding thereof to the electrode(s), e.g., electrostatically. The cell separator(s) may be attached to the electrode(s) by cold press lamination, wherein the created binding sites are configured to stabilize the cold press lamination electrostatically—forming flexible and durable electrode stacks. Electrode slurry may be deposited on a sacrificial film and then attached to current collector films, avoiding unwanted interactions between materials and in particular solvents involved in the respective slurries. Dried electrode slurry layers may be pressed or calendared against each other to yield thinner, smother and more controllably porous electrodes, as well as higher throughput. The produced stacks may be used in electrochemical cells and in any other type of energy storage device.
H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
52.
Devices and methods for adaptive fast-charging of mobile devices
The present invention discloses devices and methods for adaptive fast-charging of mobile devices. Methods include the steps of: firstly determining whether a first connected component is charged; upon firstly determining the first connected component isn't charged, secondly determining whether the first connected component is adapted for rapid charging; and upon secondly determining the first connected component is adapted for rapid charging, firstly charging the first connected component at a high charging rate via a charging device. Preferably, the charging device is selected from the group consisting of: a rapid charger and a slave battery. Preferably, the first connected component is selected from the group consisting of: a mobile device and a slave battery. Preferably, the high charging rate is selected from the group consisting of: greater than about 4 C, greater than about 5 C, greater than about 10 C, greater than about 20 C, greater than about 30 C, and greater than about 60 C.
Methods of making anode active materials include milling graphite particles with carbohydrate particles to yield graphite-carbohydrate particles, milling the particles with anode material and carbonizing to form composite anode material particles. The anode active materials thus producted are provided with an at least partially porous carbon-graphite coating with both electronic and ionic conductivity.
Improved anodes and cells are provided, which enable fast charging rates with enhanced safety due to much reduced probability of metallization of lithium on the anode, preventing dendrite growth and related risks of fire or explosion. Anodes and/or electrolytes have buffering zones for partly reducing and gradually introducing lithium ions into the anode for lithiation, to prevent lithium ion accumulation at the anode electrolyte interface and consequent metallization and dendrite growth. Various anode active materials and combinations, modifications through nanoparticles and a range of coatings which implement the improved anodes are provided.
Single, internally adjustable modular battery systems are provided, for handling power delivery from and to various power systems such as electric vehicles, photovoltaic systems, solar systems, grid-scale battery energy storage systems, home energy storage systems and power walls. Batteries comprise a main fast-charging lithium ion battery (FC), configured to deliver power to the electric vehicle, a supercapacitor-emulating fast-charging lithium ion battery (SCeFC), configured to receive power and deliver power to the FC and/or to the EV and to operate at high rates within a limited operation range of state of charge (SoC), respective module management systems, and a control unit. Both the FC and the SCeFC have anodes based on the same anode active material and the control unit is configured to manage the FC and the SCeFC and manage power delivery to and from the power system(s), to optimize the operation of the FC.
H01M 4/13 - Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulatorsProcesses of manufacture thereof
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 2/00 - Constructional details, or processes of manufacture, of the non-active parts
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
B60L 53/10 - Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehiclesCharging stations or on-board charging equipment thereforExchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
B60L 58/13 - Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
B60L 50/60 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
B60L 58/18 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/34 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
56.
Methods for preparing anodes from anode active material particles with lithium borates and phosphates coatings
Improved anodes and cells are provided, which enable fast charging rates with enhanced safety due to much reduced probability of metallization of lithium on the anode, preventing dendrite growth and related risks of fire or explosion. Anodes and/or electrolytes have buffering zones for partly reducing and gradually introducing lithium ions into the anode for lithiation, to prevent lithium ion accumulation at the anode electrolyte interface and consequent metallization and dendrite growth. Various anode active materials and combinations, modifications through nanoparticles and a range of coatings which implement the improved anodes are provided.
Improved anodes and cells are provided, which enable fast charging rates with enhanced safety due to much reduced probability of metallization of lithium on the anode, preventing dendrite growth and related risks of fire or explosion. Anodes and/or electrolytes have buffering zones for partly reducing and gradually introducing lithium ions into the anode for lithiation, to prevent lithium ion accumulation at the anode electrolyte interface and consequent metallization and dendrite growth. Various anode active materials and combinations, modifications through nanoparticles and a range of coatings which implement the improved anodes are provided.
Systems and methods are provided, in which the level of metal ions in cells stacks and lithium ion batteries is regulated in situ, with the electrodes of the cell stack(s) in the respective pouches. Regulation of metal ions may be carried out electrochemically by metal ion sources in the pouches, electrically connected to the electrodes. The position and shape of the metal ion sources may be optimized to create uniform metal ion movements to the electrode surfaces and favorable SEI formation. The metal ion sources may be removable, or comprise a lithium source for lithiating the anodes or cathodes during operation of the battery according to SoH parameters. Regulation of metal ions may be carried out from metal ion sources in separate electrolyte reservoir(s), with circulation of the metal-ion-containing electrolyte through the cell stacks in the pouches prior or during the formation.
Improved anodes and cells are provided, which enable fast charging rates with enhanced safety due to much reduced probability of metallization of lithium on the anode, preventing dendrite growth and related risks of fire or explosion. Anodes and/or electrolytes have buffering zones for partly reducing and gradually introducing lithium ions into the anode for lithiation, to prevent lithium ion accumulation at the anode electrolyte interface and consequent metallization and dendrite growth. Various anode active materials and combinations, modifications through nanoparticles and a range of coatings which implement the improved anodes are provided.
Systems and methods are provided, in which the level of metal ions in cells stacks and lithium ion batteries is regulated in situ, with the electrodes of the cell stack(s) in the respective pouches. Regulation of metal ions may be carried out electrochemically by metal ion sources in the pouches, electrically connected to the electrodes. The position and shape of the metal ion sources may be optimized to create uniform metal ion movements to the electrode surfaces and favorable SEI formation. The metal ion sources may be removable, or comprise a lithium source for lithiating the anodes or cathodes during operation of the battery according to SoH parameters. Regulation of metal ions may be carried out from metal ion sources in separate electrolyte reservoir(s), with circulation of the metal-ion-containing electrolyte through the cell stacks in the pouches prior or during the formation.
Improved anodes and cells are provided, which enable fast charging rates with enhanced safety due to much reduced probability of metallization of lithium on the anode, preventing dendrite growth and related risks of fire or explosion. Anodes and/or electrolytes have buffering zones for partly reducing and gradually introducing lithium ions into the anode for lithiation, to prevent lithium ion accumulation at the anode electrolyte interface and consequent metallization and dendrite growth. Various anode active materials and combinations, modifications through nanoparticles and a range of coatings which implement the improved anodes are provided.
H01M 4/1395 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
H01M 4/60 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/137 - Electrodes based on electro-active polymers
H01M 4/1399 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on electro-active polymers
Electrolytes, lithium ion cells and corresponding methods are provided, for extending the cycle life of fast charging lithium ion batteries. The electrolytes are based on fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and/or vinylene carbonate (VC) as the cyclic carbonate component, and possibly on ethyl acetate (EA) and/or ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) as the linear component. Proposed electrolytes extend the cycle life by factors of two or more, as indicated by several complementary measurements.
Methods, stacks and electrochemical cells are provided, in which the cell separator is surface-treated prior to attachment to the electrode(s) to form binding sites on the cell separator and enhance binding thereof to the electrode(s), e.g., electrostatically. The cell separator(s) may be attached to the electrode(s) by cold press lamination, wherein the created binding sites are configured to stabilize the cold press lamination electrostatically—forming flexible and durable electrode stacks. Electrode slurry may be deposited on a sacrificial film and then attached to current collector films, avoiding unwanted interactions between materials and in particular solvents involved in the respective slurries. Dried electrode slurry layers may be pressed or calendared against each other to yield thinner, smother and more controllably porous electrodes, as well as higher throughput. The produced stacks may be used in electrochemical cells and in any other type of energy storage device.
H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
Methods, systems and battery modules are provided, which increase the cycling lifetime of fast charging lithium ion batteries. During the formation process, the charging currents are adjusted to optimize the cell formation, possibly according to the characteristics of the formation process itself, and discharge extents are partial and optimized as well, as is the overall structure of the formation process. During operation, voltage ranges are initially set to be narrow, and are broadened upon battery deterioration to maximize the overall lifetime. Current adjustments are applied in operation as well, with respect to the deteriorating capacity of the battery. Various formation and operation strategies are disclosed, as basis for specific optimizations.
Electrolytes, anodes, lithium ion cells and methods are provided for preventing lithium metallization in lithium ion batteries to enhance their safety. Electrolytes comprise up to 20% ionic liquid additives which form a mobile solid electrolyte interface during charging of the cell and prevent lithium metallization and electrolyte decomposition on the anode while maintaining the lithium ion mobility at a level which enables fast charging of the batteries. Anodes are typically metalloid-based, for example include silicon, germanium, tin and/or aluminum. A surface layer on the anode bonds, at least some of the ionic liquid additive to form an immobilized layer that provides further protection at the interface between the anode and the electrolyte, prevents metallization of lithium on the former and decomposition of the latter.
H01M 10/0567 - Liquid materials characterised by the additives
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
H01M 4/60 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
Methods, stacks and electrochemical cells are provided, in which the cell separator is surface-treated prior to attachment to the electrode(s) to form binding sites on the cell separator and enhance binding thereof to the electrode(s), e.g., electrostatically. The cell separator(s) may be attached to the electrode(s) by cold press lamination, wherein the created binding sites are configured to stabilize the cold press lamination electrostatically—forming flexible and durable electrode stacks. Electrode slurry may be deposited on a sacrificial film and then attached to current collector films, avoiding unwanted interactions between materials and in particular solvents involved in the respective slurries. Dried electrode slurry layers may be pressed or calendared against each other to yield thinner, smother and more controllably porous electrodes, as well as higher throughput. The produced stacks may be used in electrochemical cells and in any other type of energy storage device.
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
Methods, stacks and electrochemical cells are provided, which improve production processes and yield flexible and durable electrode stacks. Methods comprise depositing an electrode slurry on a sacrificial film to form an electrode thereupon, wherein the electrode slurry comprises a first solvent, attaching (e.g., laminating) a current collector film, which is produced at least partly using a second solvent, onto the formed electrode, to yield a stack, wherein a binding strength of the electrode to the current collector film is higher than a binding strength of the electrode to the sacrificial film, and delaminating the sacrificial film from the electrode while maintaining the attachment of the electrode to the current collector film. Additional layers such as a cell separator and an additional electrode may be further attached using similar steps.
H01M 2/16 - Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
Lithium ion batteries and cells, as well as operating and testing methods are provided, which utilize a transparent pouch to monitor the battery in operational condition and/or in operation. Covers may be used to prevent illumination of battery components when testing is not required, and the covers may be removed or have modifiable transparency configured to enable visual monitoring. Indicators in the transparent pouch may be associated with cell components such as electrodes and electrolyte to indicate their condition. For example, the transparent pouch may be used to monitor battery safety, e.g., by enabling to monitor lithium metallization on an anode (directly or via indicators), monitor battery lifetime and other operational parameters, without having to damage the battery.
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
69.
Composite anode material made of ionic-conducting electrically insulating material
Core-shell particles, composite anode material, anodes made therefrom, lithium ion cells and methods are provided, which enable production of fast charging lithium ion batteries. The composite anode material has core-shell particles which are configured to receive and release lithium ions at their cores and to have shells that are configured to allow for core expansion upon lithiation. The cores of the core-shell particles are connected to the respective shells by conductive material such as carbon fibers, which may form a network throughout the anode material and possibly interconnect cores of many core-shell particles to enhance the electrical conductivity of the anode. Ionic conductive material and possibly mechanical elements may be incorporated in the core-shell particles to enhance ionic conductivity and mechanical robustness toward expansion and contraction of the cores during lithiation and de-lithiation.
H01M 4/1395 - Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/60 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
70.
Composite anode material made of ionic-conducting electrically insulating material
Core-shell particles, composite anode material, anodes made therefrom, lithium ion cells and methods are provided, which enable production of fast charging lithium ion batteries. The composite anode material has core-shell particles which are configured to receive and release lithium ions at their cores and to have shells that are configured to allow for core expansion upon lithiation. The cores of the core-shell particles are connected to the respective shells by conductive material such as carbon fibers, which may form a network throughout the anode material and possibly interconnect cores of many core-shell particles to enhance the electrical conductivity of the anode. Ionic conductive material and possibly mechanical elements may be incorporated in the core-shell particles to enhance ionic conductivity and mechanical robustness toward expansion and contraction of the cores during lithiation and de-lithiation.
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
H01M 4/60 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
71.
Devices and methods comprising supercapacitor-emulating fast-charging batteries
Methods and supercapacitor-emulating fast-charging batteries are provided. Methods comprise configuring a fast-charging battery to emulate a supercapacitor with given specifications by operating the fast-charging battery only within a partial operation range which is defined according to the given specifications of the supercapacitor and is smaller than 20%, possibly 5% or 1%, of a full operation range of the fast-charging battery. Devices are provided, which comprise control circuitry and a modified fast-charging lithium ion battery having Si, Ge and/or Sn-based anode active material and designed to operate at 5 C at least and within a range of 5% at most around a working point of between 60-80% lithiation of the Si, Ge and/or Sn-based anode active material, wherein the control circuitry is configured to maintain a state of charge (SOC) of the battery within the operation range around the working point.
H01M 2/00 - Constructional details, or processes of manufacture, of the non-active parts
H01M 4/13 - Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulatorsProcesses of manufacture thereof
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
Core-shell particles, composite anode material, anodes made therefrom, lithium ion cells and methods are provided, which enable production of fast charging lithium ion batteries. The composite anode material has core-shell particles which are configured to receive and release lithium ions at their cores and to have shells that are configured to allow for core expansion upon lithiation. The cores of the core-shell particles are connected to the respective shells by conductive material such as carbon fibers, which may form a network throughout the anode material and possibly interconnect cores of many core-shell particles to enhance the electrical conductivity of the anode. Ionic conductive material and possibly mechanical elements may be incorporated in the core-shell particles to enhance ionic conductivity and mechanical robustness toward expansion and contraction of the cores during lithiation and de-lithiation.
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/60 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/485 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
73.
Increasing cycling lifetime of fast-charging lithium ion batteries
Methods, systems and battery modules are provided, which increase the cycling lifetime of fast charging lithium ion batteries. During the formation process, the charging currents are adjusted to optimize the cell formation, possibly according to the characteristics of the formation process itself, and discharge extents are partial and optimized as well, as is the overall structure of the formation process. During operation, voltage ranges are initially set to be narrow, and are broadened upon battery deterioration to maximize the overall lifetime. Current adjustments are applied in operation as well, with respect to the deteriorating capacity of the battery. Various formation and operation strategies are disclosed, as basis for specific optimizations.
G01R 31/36 - Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
74.
LAYER PREPARATION, TREATMENT, TRANSFER AND LAMINATION IN CELL STACK ASSEMBLY PROCESSES FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES
Methods, stacks and electrochemical cells are provided, in which the cell separator is surface- treated prior to attachment to the electrode(s) to form binding sites on the cell separator and enhance binding thereof to the electrode(s), e.g., electrostatically. The cell separator(s) may be attached to the electrode(s) by cold press lamination, wherein the created binding sites are configured to stabilize the cold press lamination electrostatically - forming flexible and durable electrode stacks. Electrode slurry may be deposited on a sacrificial film and then attached to current collector films, avoiding unwanted interactions between materials and in particular solvents involved in the respective slurries. Dried electrode slurry layers may be pressed or calendared against each other to yield thinner, smother and more controllably porous electrodes, as well as higher throughput. The produced stacks may be used in electrochemical cells and in any other type of energy storage device.
Methods, stacks and electrochemical cells are provided, in which the cell separator is surface-treated prior to attachment to the electrode(s) to form binding sites on the cell separator and enhance binding thereof to the electrode(s), e.g., electrostatically. The cell separator(s) may be attached to the electrode(s) by cold press lamination, wherein the created binding sites are configured to stabilize the cold press lamination electrostatically—forming flexible and durable electrode stacks. Electrode slurry may be deposited on a sacrificial film and then attached to current collector films, avoiding unwanted interactions between materials and in particular solvents involved in the respective slurries. Dried electrode slurry layers may be pressed or calendared against each other to yield thinner, smother and more controllably porous electrodes, as well as higher throughput. The produced stacks may be used in electrochemical cells and in any other type of energy storage device.
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
76.
Supercapacitor-emulating fast-charging batteries and devices
Methods and supercapacitor-emulating fast-charging batteries are provided. Methods comprise configuring a fast-charging battery to emulate a supercapacitor with given specifications by operating the fast-charging battery only within a partial operation range which is defined according to the given specifications of the supercapacitor and is smaller than 20%, possibly 5% or 1%, of a full operation range of the fast-charging battery. Devices are provided, which comprise control circuitry and a modified fast-charging lithium ion battery having Si, Ge and/or Sn-based anode active material and designed to operate at 5 C at least and within a range of 5% at most around a working point of between 60-80% lithiation of the Si, Ge and/or Sn-based anode active material, wherein the control circuitry is configured to maintain a state of charge (SOC) of the battery within the operation range around the working point.
H01M 4/13 - Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulatorsProcesses of manufacture thereof
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 2/00 - Constructional details, or processes of manufacture, of the non-active parts
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
Electrolytes, anode material particles and methods are provided for improving performance and enhancing the safety of lithium ion batteries. Electrolytes may comprise ionic liquid(s) as additives which protect the anode material particles and possibly bind thereto; and/or may comprise a large portion of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and/or vinylene carbonate (VC) as the cyclic carbonate component, and possibly ethyl acetate (EA) and/or ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) as the linear component; and/or may comprise composite electrolytes having solid electrolyte particles coated by flexible ionic conductive material. Ionic liquid may be used to pre-lithiate in situ the anode material particles. Disclosed electrolytes improve lithium ion conductivity, prevent electrolyte decomposition and/or prevents lithium metallization on the surface of the anode.
Cathodes for a fast charging lithium ion battery, processes for manufacturing thereof and corresponding batteries are provided. Cathode formulations comprise spinel and/or layered structure cathode material with 5-10% of cathode material having an olivine-based structure as polymerization initiator, binder material, and monomer and/or oligomer material selected to polymerize into a conductive polymer upon partial delithiation of the olivine-based structure cathode material during at least a first charging cycle of a cell having a cathode made of the cathode formulation. When the cathode is used in a battery, polymerization is induced in-situ (in-cell) during first charging cycle(s) of the battery to provide a polymer matrix which is evenly dispersed throughout the cathode.
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
C08G 61/12 - Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
Cathodes for a fast charging lithium ion battery, processes for manufacturing thereof and corresponding batteries are provided. Cathode formulations comprise cathode material having an olivine-based structure or spinel and/or layered structure cathode material with 5-10% of cathode material having an olivine-based structure as polymerization initiator, binder material, and monomer and/or oligomer material selected to polymerize into a conductive polymer upon partial delithiation of the olivine-based structure cathode material during at least a first charging cycle of a cell having a cathode made of the cathode formulation. When the cathode is used in a battery, polymerization is induced in-situ (in-cell) during first charging cycle(s) of the battery to provide a polymer matrix which is evenly dispersed throughout the cathode.
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
Methods, stacks and electrochemical cells are provided, which improve production processes and yield flexible and durable electrode stacks. Methods comprise depositing an electrode slurry on a sacrificial film to form an electrode thereupon, wherein the electrode slurry comprises a first solvent, attaching (e.g., laminating) a current collector film, which is produced at least partly using a second solvent, onto the formed electrode, to yield a stack, wherein a binding strength of the electrode to the current collector film is higher than a binding strength of the electrode to the sacrificial film, and delaminating the sacrificial film from the electrode while maintaining the attachment of the electrode to the current collector film. Additional layers such as a cell separator and an additional electrode may be further attached using similar steps.
H01M 10/0585 - Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
Electrolytes, lithium ion cells and corresponding methods are provided, for extending the cycle life of fast charging lithium ion batteries. The electrolytes are based on fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and/or vinylene carbonate (VC) as the cyclic carbonate component, and possibly on ethyl acetate (EA) and/or ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) as the linear component. Proposed electrolytes extend the cycle life by factors of two or more, as indicated by several complementary measurements.
Color conversion films for a LCD (liquid crystal display) having RGB (red, green, blue) color filters, as well as such displays, formulations, precursors and methods are provided, which improve display performances with respect to color gamut, energy efficiency, materials and costs. The color conversion films absorb backlight illumination and convert the energy to green and/or red emission at high efficiency, specified wavelength ranges and narrow emission peaks. For example, rhodamine-based fluorescent compounds are used in matrices produced by sol gel processes and/or UV (ultraviolet) curing processes which are configured to stabilize the compounds and extend their lifetime - to provide the required emission specifications of the color conversion films. Film integration and display configurations further enhance the display performance with color conversion films utilizing various color conversion elements.
C07D 311/84 - Xanthenes with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 9
C07D 491/147 - Ortho-condensed systems the condensed system containing one ring with oxygen as ring hetero atom and two rings with nitrogen as ring hetero atom
This invention is directed to photoluminescent compounds based on rhodamine dyes with green emission and uses thereof for photoluminescence based devices.
H01J 1/00 - Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
84.
Electric vehicles with adaptive fast-charging, utilizing supercapacitor-emulating batteries
Electric vehicles (EVs), power trains and control units and methods are provided. Power trains comprise a main fast-charging lithium ion battery (FC), configured to deliver power to the electric vehicle, a supercapacitor-emulating fast-charging lithium ion battery (SCeFC), configured to receive power and deliver power to the FC and/or to the EV, and a control unit. Both the FC and the SCeFC have anodes based on the same anode active material, and the SCeFC is configured to operate at high rates within a limited operation range of state of charge (SoC), maintained by the control unit, which is further configured to manage the FC and the SCeFC with respect to power delivery to and from the EV, respectively, and manage power delivery from the SCeFC to the FC according to specified criteria that minimize a depth of discharge and/or a number of cycles of the FC.
H01M 2/00 - Constructional details, or processes of manufacture, of the non-active parts
H01M 4/13 - Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulatorsProcesses of manufacture thereof
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
B60L 11/18 - using power supplied from primary cells, secondary cells, or fuel cells
B60L 11/00 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle (B60L 8/00, B60L 13/00 take precedence;arrangements or mounting of prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines for mutual or common propulsion B60K 6/20)
G01R 31/36 - Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
85.
Systems and methods for adaptive fast-charging for mobile devices and devices having sporadic power-source connection
The present invention discloses systems and methods for adaptive fast-charging for mobile devices and devices having sporadic power-source connection. Methods include the steps of: firstly determining whether a supercapacitor of a device is charged; upon detecting the supercapacitor is charged, secondly determining whether a battery of the device is charged; and upon detecting the battery is not charged, firstly charging the battery from the supercapacitor. Preferably, the step of firstly determining includes whether the supercapacitor is partially charged, and the step of secondly determining includes whether the battery is partially charged. Preferably, the step of firstly charging is adaptively regulated to perform a task selected from the group consisting of: preserving a lifetime of the battery by controlling a current to the battery, and discharging the supercapacitor in order to charge the battery. Preferably, the discharging enables the supercapacitor to be subsequently recharged.
Cathodes for a fast charging lithium ion battery, processes for manufacturing thereof and corresponding batteries are provided. Cathode formulations comprise cathode material having an olivine-based structure, binder material, and monomer material selected to polymerize into a conductive polymer upon partial delithiation of the cathode material during at least a first charging cycle of a cell having a cathode made of the cathode formulation. When the cathode is used in a battery, polymerization is induced in-situ (in-cell) during first charging cycle(s) of the battery to provide a polymer matrix which is evenly dispersed throughout the cathode.
H01M 4/136 - Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/583 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 4/60 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
Improved anodes and cells are provided, which enable fast charging rates with enhanced safety due to much reduced probability of metallization of lithium on the anode, preventing dendrite growth and related risks of fire or explosion. Anodes and/or electrolytes have buffering zones for partly reducing and gradually introducing lithium ions into the anode for lithiation, to prevent lithium ion accumulation at the anode electrolyte interface and consequent metallization and dendrite growth. Various anode active materials and combinations, modifications through nanoparticles and a range of coatings which implement the improved anodes are provided.
Improved anodes and cells are provided, which enable fast charging rates with enhanced safety due to much reduced probability of metallization of lithium on the anode, preventing dendrite growth and related risks of fire or explosion. Anodes and/or electrolytes have buffering zones for partly reducing and gradually introducing lithium ions into the anode for lithiation, to prevent lithium ion accumulation at the anode electrolyte interface and consequent metallization and dendrite growth. Various anode active materials and combinations, modifications through nanoparticles and a range of coatings which implement the improved anodes are provided.
Improved anodes and cells are provided, which enable fast charging rates with enhanced safety due to much reduced probability of metallization of lithium on the anode, preventing dendrite growth and related risks of fire or explosion. Anodes and/or electrolytes have buffering zones for partly reducing and gradually introducing lithium ions into the anode for lithiation, to prevent lithium ion accumulation at the anode electrolyte interface and consequent metallization and dendrite growth. Various anode active materials and combinations, modifications through nanoparticles and a range of coatings which implement the improved anodes are provided.
Improved anodes and cells are provided, which enable fast charging rates with enhanced safety due to much reduced probability of metallization of lithium on the anode, preventing dendrite growth and related risks of fire or explosion. Anodes and/or electrolytes have buffering zones for partly reducing and gradually introducing lithium ions into the anode for lithiation, to prevent lithium ion accumulation at the anode electrolyte interface and consequent metallization and dendrite growth. Various anode active materials and combinations, modifications through nanoparticles and a range of coatings which implement the improved anodes are provided.
Electrolytes, anodes, lithium ion cells and methods are provided for preventing lithium metallization in lithium ion batteries to enhance their safety. Electrolytes comprise up to 20% ionic liquid additives which form a mobile solid electrolyte interface during charging of the cell and prevent lithium metallization and electrolyte decomposition on the anode while maintaining the lithium ion mobility at a level which enables fast charging of the batteries. Anodes are typically metalloid-based, for example include silicon, germanium, tin and/or aluminum. A surface layer on the anode bonds, at least some of the ionic liquid additive to form an immobilized layer that provides further protection at the interface between the anode and the electrolyte, prevents metallization of lithium on the former and decomposition of the latter.
Electrolytes, anodes, lithium ion cells and methods are provided for preventing lithium metallization in lithium ion batteries to enhance their safety. Electrolytes comprise up to 20% ionic liquid additives which form a mobile solid electrolyte interface during charging of the cell and prevent lithium metallization and electrolyte decomposition on the anode while maintaining the lithium ion mobility at a level which enables fast charging of the batteries. Anodes are typically metalloid-based, for example include silicon, germanium, tin and/or aluminum. A surface layer on the anode bonds, at least some of the ionic liquid additive to form an immobilized layer that provides further protection at the interface between the anode and the electrolyte, prevents metallization of lithium on the former and decomposition of the latter.
H01M 10/0567 - Liquid materials characterised by the additives
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/60 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
93.
Buffering zone for preventing lithium metallization on the anode of lithium ion batteries
Improved anodes and cells are provided, which enable fast charging rates with enhanced safety due to much reduced probability of metallization of lithium on the anode, preventing dendrite growth and related risks of fire or explosion. Anodes and/or electrolytes have buffering zones for partly reducing and gradually introducing lithium ions into the anode for lithiation, to prevent lithium ion accumulation at the anode electrolyte interface and consequent metallization and dendrite growth. Various anode active materials and combinations, modifications through nanoparticles and a range of coatings which implement the improved anodes are provided.
Improved anodes and cells are provided, which enable fast charging rates with enhanced safety due to much reduced probability of metallization of lithium on the anode, preventing dendrite growth and related risks of fire or explosion. Anodes and/or electrolytes have buffering zones for partly reducing and gradually introducing lithium ions into the anode for lithiation, to prevent lithium ion accumulation at the anode electrolyte interface and consequent metallization and dendrite growth. Various anode active materials and combinations, modifications through nanoparticles and a range of coatings which implement the improved anodes are provided.
An anode material for a lithium ion device includes an active material including silicon nanoparticles and boron carbide nanoparticles. The boron carbide nanoparticles are at least one order of magnitude smaller than the silicon nanoparticles. The weight percentage of the silicon is between about 4 to 35 weight % of the total weight of the anode material and the weight percentage of the boron carbide is between about 2.5 to about 25.6% of the total weight of the anode material. The active material may include carbon at a weight percentage of between 5 to about 60 weight % of the total weight of the anode material. Additional materials, methods of making and devices are taught.
H01G 11/50 - Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
H01G 11/30 - Electrodes characterised by their material
H01M 4/13 - Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulatorsProcesses of manufacture thereof
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
This invention is directed to photoluminescent compounds based on rhodamine dyes with red-shifted absorption and emission maxima and uses thereof for photoluminescence based devices.
G03F 7/00 - Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printed surfacesMaterials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresistsApparatus specially adapted therefor
H01L 51/00 - Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof
Color conversion films for a LCD (liquid crystal display) having RGB (red, green, blue) color filters, as well as such displays, formulations, precursors and methods are provided, which improve display performances with respect to color gamut, energy efficiency, materials and costs. The color conversion films absorb backlight illumination and convert the energy to green and/or red emission at high efficiency, specified wavelength ranges and narrow emission peaks. For example, rhodamine-based fluorescent compounds are used in matrices produced by sol gel processes and/or UV (ultraviolet) curing processes which are configured to stabilize the compounds and extend their lifetime - to provide the required emission specifications of the color conversion films. Film integration and display configurations further enhance the display performance with color conversion films utilizing various color conversion elements.
C07D 311/84 - Xanthenes with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 9
C07D 491/147 - Ortho-condensed systems the condensed system containing one ring with oxygen as ring hetero atom and two rings with nitrogen as ring hetero atom
98.
Germanium-containing active material for anodes for lithium-ion devices
Active materials for anodes for lithium ion devices are disclosed. An active may comprise germanium nano-particles having a particle size of 20 to 100 nm, wherein the weight percentage of the germanium is between 72 to 96 weight % of the total weight of the active material; boron carbide nano-particles having a particle size of 20 to 100 nm, wherein the weight percentage of boron in the active material is between 3 to 6 weight % of the total weight of the active material; and tungsten carbide nano-particles having a particle size of 20 to 60 nm, wherein the weight percentage of tungsten in the active material is between 6 to 25 weight % of the total weight of the active material.
H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 4/133 - Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01G 11/06 - Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
H01G 11/08 - Structural combinations, e.g. assembly or connection, of hybrid or EDL capacitors with other electric components, at least one hybrid or EDL capacitor being the main component
H01G 11/50 - Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
Methods for making anodes for lithium ion devices are provided. The methods include milling germanium powder, carbon, and boron carbide powder to form a nano-particle mixture having a particle size of 20 to 100 nm; adding an emulsion of tungsten carbide nano-particles having a particle size of 20 to 60 nm to the mixture to form an active material; and adding a polymeric binder to the active material to form the anode, wherein the weight percentage of the germanium in the anode is between 5 to 80 weight % of the total weight of the anode, the weight percentage of boron in the anode is between 2 to 20 weight % of the total weight of the anode and the weight percentage of tungsten in the anode is between 5 to 20 weight % of the total weight of the anode.
Lithium ion devices that include an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte are provided. The anode having an active material including germanium nano-particles, boron carbide nano-particles and tungsten carbide nano-particles, wherein the weight percentage of the germanium is between 5 to 80 weight % of the total weight of the anode material, the weight percentage of boron in the anode material is between 2 to 20 weight % of the total weight of the anode material and the weight percentage of tungsten in the anode material is between 5 to 20 weight % of the total weight of the anode materials.
H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 4/136 - Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01G 11/06 - Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
H01G 11/08 - Structural combinations, e.g. assembly or connection, of hybrid or EDL capacitors with other electric components, at least one hybrid or EDL capacitor being the main component
H01G 11/50 - Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
