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Abstract

The invention relates to a hybrid process and a hybrid device for the production or thermal treatment of inorganic raw substances or materials in combination with further organic additives with the use of at least one gas burner in combination with at least one plasma burner in a furnace facility.

IPC Classes  ?

• F27D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• H05H 1/46 - Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy

Abstract

The invention relates to an aluminum secondary battery comprising at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, at least one electrolyte, and at least one additive, the electrolyte comprising at least one room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), made of at least one organic salt and at least one first aluminum salt, and/or at least one deep eutectic solvent (DES) made of at least one organic solvent and at least one first aluminum salt, the additive containing bivalent metal cations and/or being suitable for forming bivalent metal cations.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 10/0568 - Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
• H01M 10/0567 - Liquid materials characterised by the additives
• H01M 10/058 - Construction or manufacture

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition for producing an enamel functional layer, especially an antistatic layer or an electronically conductive corrosion protection layer, to the use of this composition, to a process for producing an enamel coating on a substrate, and to articles having a base body and an enamel functional layer.

IPC Classes  ?

• C03C 8/18 - Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill additions containing free metals
• C23D 5/04 - Coating with enamels or vitreous layers by dry methods

Abstract

According to the method, at least one hot process gas flow is provided by inductively heating at least one body, through which and/or past which process gas to be heated is directed in the direction of solids to be thermally treated or melted, and the at least one body is heated using an electric coil which surrounds the body and is connected to an electric alternating voltage source or an electric direct voltage source that is operated in pulses. At least one chemical element and/or at least one chemical compound is/are introduced into the hot process gas flow, ions from said at least one chemical element and/or chemical compound being converted to an excited state by the heat of the process gas flow or at least one chemical reaction being initiated such that the proportion of electromagnetic radiation which is directed onto the thermally treated or melted product, having a wavelength of ≥ 575 nm, is increased by at least 10% of the total spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation.

IPC Classes  ?

• F27B 14/04 - Crucible or pot furnaces; Tank furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
• F27B 14/06 - Crucible or pot furnaces; Tank furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces, with or without any other source of heat
• F27B 14/14 - Arrangements of heating devices
• F27D 7/02 - Supplying steam, vapour, gases, or liquids
• F27D 11/06 - Induction heating, i.e. in which the material being heated, or its container or elements embodied therein, form the secondary of a transformer
• F27B 14/08 - Crucible or pot furnaces; Tank furnaces - Details peculiar to crucible, pot or tank furnaces
• F27D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for high-temperature applications in metallurgy, in the chemical industry and in the cement industry. A description is given of the combination of an electric heating element (2) with a microwave plasma torch (3) for gently heating up the surfaces with cladding (4), so as to prevent cracks.

IPC Classes  ?

• B22F 3/00 - Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
• B22F 3/105 - Sintering only by using electric current, laser radiation or plasma
• C04B 35/64 - Burning or sintering processes
• F27B 3/08 - Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces heated electrically, e.g. electric arc furnaces, with or without any other source of heat
• F27B 9/06 - Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity electrically heated
• F27B 14/06 - Crucible or pot furnaces; Tank furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces, with or without any other source of heat
• F27D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for separating the components of assemblies containing solder by oxidizing Fe(II) to Fe(III) by means of at least one Fe(II)-oxidizing microorganism and by at least partially leaching solder, wherein Fe(III) is at least partially reduced to Fe(II). The invention also relates to a system and to the use of said system for separating the components of assemblies containing solder.

IPC Classes  ?

• C22B 3/02 - Apparatus therefor
• C22B 3/08 - Sulfuric acid
• C22B 3/18 - Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae
• C22B 7/00 - Working-up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals or compounds thereof
• C22B 11/00 - Obtaining noble metals
• C22B 15/00 - Obtaining copper
• C22B 25/06 - Obtaining tin from scrap, especially tin scrap
• C12N 1/14 - Fungi ; Culture media therefor
• C12P 3/00 - Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide

Abstract

In the system, the data, which are acquired in a decentralized manner, are evaluated centrally. Multiple at least temporarily mobile modules are arranged at various positions of a respective underground structure and the temporarily mobile modules are designed to acquire and buffer store measurement data and to transmit acquired measurement data wirelessly and automatically to multiple fully mobile modules as soon as a fully mobile module has reached a distance from a temporarily mobile module at which a wireless data transmission between a respective temporarily mobile module and a fully mobile module is possible. Fully mobile modules are designed to buffer store data that have been received from at least one temporarily mobile module and, upon reaching a data access point that is connected to a central acquisition, evaluation and/or storage unit, to transmit these buffer-stored data to the respective data access point.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04Q 9/00 - Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
• H04L 67/12 - Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks

Abstract

The invention relates to a reference material for solid-state analytics, the reference material comprising at least one acetylacetonate of an element in an acrylate-based polymer.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08K 5/00 - Use of organic ingredients

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) and a method for plasma-electrolyte processing of an electrically conductive surface (2) of a workpiece (3), wherein it is essential that at least two jet active regions are generated on the workpiece surface. The device has an application unit (4) for impacting the surface (2) with an electrolyte jet, by means of a supply unit (5) for at least intermittently supplying the application unit (4) with the electrolyte required to generate the electrolyte jet, by means of at least one electrode (6) which forms a counter electrode to the surface (2) during the processing, and by means of at least one electrical energy source (7), with which the electrode and the surface can be supplied with electrical energy during the processing, in such a way that a current flows between the electrode (6) and the surface (2) to be processed on contact with the electrolyte.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25F 3/16 - Polishing
• C25F 7/00 - Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objects; Servicing or operating

Abstract

The method according to the invention provides process heat for thermo-metallurgical or thermo-physical applications, using at least one burner, the at least one burner being operated at least to some extent with ammonia and oxygen or with an oxygen-containing gas mixture.

IPC Classes  ?

• F23D 14/22 - Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
• F23D 14/32 - Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
• F23Q 7/10 - Igniters structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners for gaseous fuel, e.g. in welding appliances
• F23Q 13/02 - Ignition not otherwise provided for using gas burners, e.g. gas pokers
• F23L 7/00 - Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for recovering ruthenium from a ruthenium-containing material, with the steps of: a) adding an oxidizing agent to a ruthenium-containing material, b) oxidizing the ruthenium to ruthenium tetroxide, and c) introducing the ruthenium tetroxide formed into an aqueous capture solution, characterized in that the aqueous capture solution comprises an acid selected from sulfonic acids and carboxylic acids having at least two carboxyl groups. It additionally describes the use of such an acid in the method and the use of the method in various sectors.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01G 55/00 - Compounds of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, or platinum
• C22B 7/00 - Working-up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals or compounds thereof
• C22B 11/00 - Obtaining noble metals

Abstract

The invention relates to a filament for the thermoplastic 3D printing of ceramics or metals or metalloceramic composite materials or material composites via a layer-by-layer construction from a binder system, containing polyethylene, stearic acid, lignin sulfonate and cellulose, and ceramic, metallic and/or metalloceramic powders, wherein the binder system contains 5 to 25 wt.% of polyethylene, 0.5 to 4 wt.% of stearic acid, 0.1 to 1.5 wt.% of lignin sulfonate and 1 to 6 wt.% of cellulose, based on the mass of the filament.

IPC Classes  ?

• B33Y 70/10 - Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
• B22F 1/103 - Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing an organic binding agent comprising a mixture of, or obtained by reaction of, two or more components other than a solvent or a lubricating agent
• B22F 10/18 - Formation of a green body by mixing binder with metal in filament form, e.g. fused filament fabrication [FFF]
• B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
• C04B 35/626 - Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches
• C04B 35/632 - Organic additives
• C04B 35/634 - Polymers
• C04B 35/636 - Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof

Abstract

A process and an apparatus for recovering hydrogen from a hydrocarbon reservoir are provided. It is a feature of the process and the apparatus that a liquid comprising or consisting of water and at least one surfactant is injected into at least one first well of the hydrocarbon reservoir, the wells of the hydrocarbon reservoir are closed, there is an incubation period of at least two weeks, and, after opening of the at least one first well and/or of at least one second well of the hydrocarbon reservoir, a hydrogen-containing fluid is produced and hydrogen is recovered from the hydrogen-containing fluid. The process and the apparatus permit economic and efficient recovery of hydrogen on an industrial scale from a hydrocarbon reservoir, especially from an (already) depleted fossil hydrocarbon deposit.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/30 - Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells
• E21B 43/00 - Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
• E21B 41/00 - Equipment or details not covered by groups
• E21B 43/295 - Gasification of minerals, e.g. for producing mixtures of combustible gases
• C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents

Abstract

The invention relates to a material composite consisting of a fine-grained and coarse-grained ceramic with improved thermal shock, corrosion and creep properties directly in contact with aggressive melts and/or gases and of a fine-grained and coarse-grained electrically conductive inner core which is already electrically conductive at room temperature.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 37/00 - Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
• C04B 35/04 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on magnesium oxide
• C04B 35/101 - Refractories from grain sized mixtures
• C04B 35/12 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on chromium oxide
• C04B 41/00 - After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone

Abstract

In the case of the device for filling underground cavities (6) with a filling material (1), the filling material (1) can be introduced into a vertically oriented conveying pipe (3) via a filling opening (2) and can be conveyed through an arcuate pipe (4) into a horizontally oriented conveying pipe (5), via which the filling material (1) enters a cavity (6). Proceeding from the filling opening (2), a spiral buffer (10) is disposed in the interior of the vertical conveying pipe (3) coaxially to the longitudinal axis direction of the vertical conveying pipe, and a spiral-shaped blade (11) having a plurality of turns is formed on the outer lateral surface of the spiral buffer (10) or is disposed there.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21F 15/06 - Filling-up mechanically
• B65G 53/52 - Adaptations of pipes or tubes

Abstract

In a filter element in which, for flow stabilisation and/or purifying a melt used during casting, the melt is guided through the filter element, the filter element is designed as three-dimensional rib structures with openings as flow channels through which liquid melt is guided. The ribs of the rib structure are formed by particles made of a material that can be used as a mould material in casting technology, and by a binder by means of which the particles can be integrally bonded. The ribs are also provided on their surface with a coating of a polymer resin.

IPC Classes  ?

• B22C 9/08 - Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
• B22D 43/00 - Mechanical cleaning, e.g. skimming of molten metals
• C04B 35/10 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on aluminium oxide
• C04B 35/14 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on silica
• C04B 35/18 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
• C04B 35/42 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on chromites
• C04B 35/48 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on zirconium or hafnium oxides or zirconates or hafnates
• C04B 35/63 - Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches using additives specially adapted for forming the products
• C04B 35/634 - Polymers
• C04B 41/83 - Macromolecular compounds

Abstract

Downhole measurement systems and methods include deploying a bottomhole assembly having a multipole transmitter into a formation and transmitting acoustic signals into the formation. The multipole transmitter is of order n ≥ 2. Acoustic signals are received at respective receivers that are circumferentially aligned with the multipole transmitter, and are axially offset from the multipole transmitter, and axially offset from each other. The order of the first and second multipole receivers are equal to the order of the multipole transmitter. A controller is used to obtain first and second acoustic multipole data from the first and second multipole receivers at one or more azimuthal angles of a rotation of the bottomhole assembly in a formation during a drilling operation. Acoustic azimuthal anisotropy of the formation is determined from the first acoustic multipole data and the second acoustic multipole data.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/30 - Analysis
• E21B 44/00 - Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
• G01V 1/28 - Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction

Abstract

A method for the preparation of isocyanates in which: (i) a first organosilicon compound having at least one silicon atom Si1 and a unit of formula G-I bound thereto A method for the preparation of isocyanates in which: (i) a first organosilicon compound having at least one silicon atom Si1 and a unit of formula G-I bound thereto A method for the preparation of isocyanates in which: (i) a first organosilicon compound having at least one silicon atom Si1 and a unit of formula G-I bound thereto is converted to a third organosilicon compound having a unit of formula G-II A method for the preparation of isocyanates in which: (i) a first organosilicon compound having at least one silicon atom Si1 and a unit of formula G-I bound thereto is converted to a third organosilicon compound having a unit of formula G-II A method for the preparation of isocyanates in which: (i) a first organosilicon compound having at least one silicon atom Si1 and a unit of formula G-I bound thereto is converted to a third organosilicon compound having a unit of formula G-II by silylation of the NH group of the unit of formula G-I with a second organosilicon compound having one silicon atom Si2; and (ii) the third organosilicon compound is reacted to an isocyanate by thermolysis, whereby the unit of formula G-II is converted to an isocyanate group.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 263/04 - Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid from or via carbamates or carbamoyl halides
• C07C 265/14 - Derivatives of isocyanic acid containing at least two isocyanate groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
• C07C 265/12 - Derivatives of isocyanic acid having isocyanate groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
• C07C 265/04 - Derivatives of isocyanic acid having isocyanate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a saturated carbon skeleton
• C07C 265/06 - Derivatives of isocyanic acid having isocyanate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton

Abstract

The invention relates to a machine chisel (100), a retaining device (300), a removing system (600) and a method. The machine chisel (100) can comprise: a chisel tip (102); a shank (104), which extends away from the chisel tip along a longitudinal axis (107) of the machine chisel; and a reference body (106), which has at least one scale (112) which is made of a magnetisable material and can be detected by sensors, the reference body, the shank and the chisel tip being rigidly connected to one another. The retaining device (300) can comprise: a chisel holder (302) having an opening (316) to receive a machine chisel; a locking device (202, 402) which is designed to make a form fit with the machine chisel received in the opening, thereby limiting movement of the machine chisel; a receiving region (320) to receive a portion of the machine chisel, the accommodating region being exposed relative to the opening; and at least one sensor (306), which is disposed on the receiving region and is designed to contactlessly detect the portion extending into the receiving region, and/or the reference body (106) being designed to be connected to the shank (104) with a form fit.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21C 35/18 - Mining picks; Holders therefor
• E21C 35/19 - Means for fixing picks or holders
• E21C 39/00 - Devices for testing in situ the hardness or other properties of minerals, e.g. for giving information as to the selection of suitable mining tools
• G01D 5/14 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining the fracture mechanical load of at least one crack when a component having at least one crack is loaded, and to a computer program product and a device for carrying out the method and to the use thereof. The method makes it possible to determine, in a simple manner, the stress intensity factors irrespective of the geometry of the component, the type of load of the component and the crack profile. The method also makes it possible to determine the stress intensity factors on real components in the installation position at their place of use.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 3/06 - Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
• G01N 3/08 - Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
• G01N 3/32 - Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces

Abstract

The invention relates to a hybrid process and a hybrid device for the production or thermal treatment of inorganic raw substances or materials in combination with further organic additives with the use of at least one gas burner in combination with at least one plasma burner in a furnace facility.

IPC Classes  ?

• F27D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Abstract

The invention relates to a hybrid process and a hybrid device for the production or thermal treatment of inorganic raw substances or materials in combination with further organic additives with the use of at least one gas burner in combination with at least one plasma burner in a furnace facility.

IPC Classes  ?

• F27D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Abstract

The invention relates to an aluminium secondary battery comprising at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, at least one electrolyte and at least one additive, the electrolyte comprising at least one room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) made of at least one organic salt and at least a first aluminium salt, and/or at least one deep eutectic solvent (DES) made of at least one organic solvent and at least a first aluminium salt, the additive containing bivalent metal cations and/or being suitable for forming bivalent metal cations.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/04 - Processes of manufacture in general
• H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
• H01M 4/46 - Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
• H01M 4/50 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
• H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
• H01M 10/36 - Accumulators not provided for in groups
• H01M 10/38 - Construction or manufacture
• H01M 50/417 - Polyolefins

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for tempering and/or solidifying glass objects, wherein the glass objects (2) are brought into contact with a molten salt (4) in a processing device (27). The method has the step of providing a plurality of cartridges (8) which contain a regeneration material for regenerating the molten salt (4), the step of introducing one of the cartridges (8) into the processing device (27), the step of ascertaining the degree of efficacy of the regeneration material (9) that can be found in the inserted cartridge (8), the step of removing the inserted cartridge (8) if the regeneration material falls below a specified or specifiable degree of efficacy, and the step of introducing another cartridge (8) of the plurality of identical cartridges (8) into the processing device (27). The invention additionally relates to a system for tempering and/or solidifying glass objects (2), to the processing device (27) comprising a molten salt (4), and to a regeneration material for regenerating the molten salt (4).

IPC Classes  ?

• C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for regenerating a salt melt for a glass hardening and/or glass solidification process. The method is characterized in that at least a first regeneration material body of a first regeneration material and a second regeneration material body of a second regeneration material, which is different from the first regeneration material, is simultaneously or sequentially brought into contact with the salt melt. The invention also relates to an installation for hardening and/or solidifying glass, comprising a salt bath with a salt melt.

IPC Classes  ?

• C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition for producing a functional enamel layer, in particular an antistatic layer or an electronically conductive corrosion-protection layer, to the use of the composition, a process for producing an enamel coating on a base and to articles comprising a base and a functional enamel layer.

IPC Classes  ?

• C03C 8/18 - Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill additions containing free metals

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing and/or processing glass from a glass batch in a glass melting end comprising at least an insertion region and a refining region, in which method: the glass batch is heated in the insertion region of the glass melting end, the glass batch melts at least partially, the molten or partially molten glass batch is further heated for refining purposes in the refining region, and at least the heating process in the insertion region is carried out by means of microwave radiation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C03B 5/02 - Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces
• C03B 5/03 - Tank furnaces

Abstract

In the system, the data, which are acquired in a decentralized manner, are evaluated centrally. Multiple at least temporarily mobile modules are arranged at various positions of a respective underground structure and the temporarily mobile modules are designed to acquire and buffer store measurement data and to transmit acquired measurement data wirelessly and automatically to multiple fully mobile modules as soon as a fully mobile module has reached a distance from a temporarily mobile module at which a wireless data transmission between a respective temporarily mobile module and a fully mobile module is possible. Fully mobile modules are designed to buffer store data that have been received from at least one temporarily mobile module and, upon reaching a data access point that is connected to a central acquisition, evaluation and/or storage unit, to transmit these buffer-stored data to the respective data access point. Temporarily mobile modules are furthermore designed to wirelessly transmit buffer-stored measurement data only after receiving a wirelessly received request signal that has been transmitted from a fully mobile module to the respective temporarily mobile module.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04Q 9/02 - Automatically-operated arrangements
• H04W 4/38 - Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
• E21B 47/12 - Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling

Abstract

In the system, the data, which are acquired in a decentralized manner, are evaluated centrally. Multiple at least temporarily mobile modules are arranged at various positions of a respective underground structure and the temporarily mobile modules are designed to acquire and buffer store measurement data and to transmit acquired measurement data wirelessly and automatically to multiple fully mobile modules as soon as a fully mobile module has reached a distance from a temporarily mobile module at which a wireless data transmission between a respective temporarily mobile module and a fully mobile module is possible. Fully mobile modules are designed to buffer store data that have been received from at least one temporarily mobile module and, upon reaching a data access point that is connected to a central acquisition, evaluation and/or storage unit, to transmit these buffer-stored data to the respective data access point. Temporarily mobile modules are furthermore designed to wirelessly transmit buffer-stored measurement data only after receiving a wirelessly received request signal that has been transmitted from a fully mobile module to the respective temporarily mobile module.

IPC Classes  ?

• H04Q 9/02 - Automatically-operated arrangements
• H04W 4/38 - Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
• E21B 47/12 - Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the biocatalytic synthesis of 2-phenylethanols, in particular 3-hydroxytyrosol, using a whole-cell catalyst, in particular a recombinant microorganism, and to the use thereof for the biocatalytic synthesis of a 2-phenylethanol by means of a biocatalytic conversion of plant starting materials, such as cinnamic acid, in particular caffeic acid.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/22 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group aromatic
• C12P 7/00 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
• C12P 7/24 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carbonyl group
• C12P 5/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons acyclic
• C12N 15/52 - Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
• C12N 9/04 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase acting on CHOH groups as donors, e.g. glucose oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase (1.1)
• C12N 9/02 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase
• C12N 9/88 - Lyases (4.)
• C12N 9/90 - Isomerases (5.)

Abstract

The invention relates to methods of increasing the strength, especially the flexural strength, of a glass article produced from a glass material. The method includes the step of heating the glass article to a first temperature above the transformation temperature of the glass material, the step of shock cooling the glass article to a second temperature below the transformation temperature of the glass material, and the step of performing an ion exchange process at the second temperature.

IPC Classes  ?

• C03B 27/03 - Tempering glass products using liquid the liquid being a molten metal or a molten salt
• C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface
• C03C 23/00 - Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for tempering and/or solidifying glass items, in which method a carrier, which carries at least one glass item to be tempered and/or solidified, is submerged by means of a submerging movement in a molten salt bath located in a basin, and then removed again from the molten salt bath by means of an emerging movement. The method is characterised in that the submerging movement and/or the emerging movement bring(s) about a relative movement between the molten salt bath and a regeneration material. The invention also relates to a device for tempering and/or solidifying glass items, which device comprises a basin having a molten salt bath in which a carrier having at least one glass item to be tempered and/or solidified can be submerged by means of a submerging movement and from which the carrier can then be removed again by means of an emerging movement.

IPC Classes  ?

• C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface

Abstract

The invention relates to a glass vessel having at least one wall and manufactured from a base material which is an alkali-containing silicate glass. It is a feature of the glass vessel that at least a surface layer is enriched in potassium and depleted of sodium and/or lithium, while an inner layer, especially one directly adjoining the surface layer, is not enriched in potassium and not depleted of sodium and/or lithium, and that the glass vessel has compressive stress up to a compressive stress depth and tensile stress beyond the compressive stress depth, wherein the tensile stress rises with increasing depth up to a tensile stress maximum within the inner layer and/or wherein the progression of the tensile stress as a function of depth does not have a linear section and/or wherein the progression of the tensile stress as a function of depth does not have a section in which tensile stress is constant.

IPC Classes  ?

• C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface
• C03B 27/012 - Tempering glass products by heat treatment, e.g. for crystallisation; Heat treatment of glass products before tempering by cooling
• C03B 27/016 - Tempering glass products by absorbing heat radiated from the glass product

Abstract

The invention relates inter alia to a regeneration material for regeneration of a salt melt used for a glass toughening and/or glass strengthening process, comprising potassium nitrate or consisting of potassium nitrate. The regeneration material comprises a potassium-containing silicate glass or consists of a potassium-containing silicate glass.

IPC Classes  ?

• C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface
• C03C 3/087 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
• C03C 3/091 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing boron containing aluminium

Abstract

The invention relates inter alia to a regeneration material for regeneration of a salt melt used for a glass toughening and/or glass strengthening process, comprising potassium nitrate or consisting of potassium nitrate. The regeneration material comprises a potassium-containing silicate glass or consists of a potassium-containing silicate glass.

IPC Classes  ?

• C03C 3/087 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
• C03C 3/091 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing boron containing aluminium
• C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a glass article. The method includes the step of producing a glass body from a glass material and the further step of bringing the glass body, at a primary temperature which is at most 50 Kelvin below and at most 30 Kelvin above the Littleton softening point of the glass material, into contact with a liquid cooling agent which has a cooling agent temperature which is at least 200 Kelvin and at most 550 Kelvin below the primary temperature.

IPC Classes  ?

• C03C 23/00 - Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
• C03B 27/02 - Tempering glass products using liquid
• C03B 27/03 - Tempering glass products using liquid the liquid being a molten metal or a molten salt
• C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface

Abstract

The invention relates to methods of increasing the strength, especially the flexural strength, of a glass article produced from a glass material. The method includes the step of heating the glass article to a first temperature above the transformation temperature of the glass material, the step of shock cooling the glass article to a second temperature below the transformation temperature of the glass material, and the step of performing an ion exchange process at the second temperature.

IPC Classes  ?

• C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface
• C03C 23/00 - Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
• C03B 27/03 - Tempering glass products using liquid the liquid being a molten metal or a molten salt

Abstract

The invention relates to a flat glass pane made of a base material, which is an alkali-containing silicate glass. The flat glass pane is characterized in that at least one surface layer is enriched with potassium and is depleted of sodium and/or lithium while an inner layer, in particular an inner layer directly adjoining the surface layer, is not enriched with potassium and is not depleted of sodium and/or lithium; and the flat glass pane has a compressive stress up to a compressive stress depth and a tensile stress starting from the compressive stress depth, wherein the tensile stress increases as the depth increases up to a tensile stress maximum arranged in the inner layer, and/or the curve of the tensile stress does not have a linear section depending on the depth, and/or the curve of the tensile stress does not have a section in which the tensile stress is constant depending on the depth.

IPC Classes  ?

• C03C 21/00 - Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals into the surface
• C03B 27/012 - Tempering glass products by heat treatment, e.g. for crystallisation; Heat treatment of glass products before tempering by cooling
• C03B 27/016 - Tempering glass products by absorbing heat radiated from the glass product

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and to a method for increasing the breaking strength and/or the hardness of glass objects. The method is characterised in that a carrier is loaded with the glass objects and then transferred successively in a plurality of transfer operations to a plurality of modules, namely at least one heating module in which the glass objects are heated to a primary temperature, a first cooling module comprising a liquid cooling means of a cooling means temperature, and a second cooling module, wherein at least one of the transfer operations involves relative movement of one of the modules relative to another of the modules.

IPC Classes  ?

• C03C 23/00 - Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
• C03B 27/02 - Tempering glass products using liquid
• C03B 27/06 - Tempering glass products using gas for glass products other than flat or bent glass plates, e.g. hollow glassware, lenses

Abstract

The present invention relates to an underwater drone (6) for harvesting marine sponges (1), comprising a drone body (7) with a propulsion mechanism for underwater movement of the drone (6). The present invention solves the problem to omit the complete distortion of the maritime sponges and aims to leave them growing in their particular underwater environment. To solve the aforementioned problem, the underwater drone is further provided with a cutting unit (20) which is mounted on the drone body (7), which is adapted to cut a marine sponge (1) at an apical sponge end (4), which is distal from a basal sponge end (3). Moreover it is provided a method for harvesting marine sponges.

IPC Classes  ?

• A01D 44/00 - Harvesting of underwater plants, e.g. harvesting of seaweed
• B63C 11/52 - Tools specially adapted for working underwater, not otherwise provided for
• A01K 80/00 - Harvesting oysters, mussels, sponges or the like
• B63G 8/00 - Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines

Abstract

The invention relates to carbon-free electrodes for metallurgy, for example for iron, steel, aluminium, copper or silicon metallurgy, in aggregates for the preparation of metallic melts or for the treatment of metallic melts and/or slags, for example in electric arc furnaces or ladle furnaces, on the basis of metal or metals and oxide or oxides without or in combination with water cooling. According to the invention, the low-carbon or carbon-free electrodes are extruded as a honeycomb geometry by means of plastic shaping at room temperature or at a slightly elevated temperature up to about 300°C, then thermally heat-treated and sintered at temperatures between 600 and 2000°C. According to the invention, this produces an electrode/honeycomb composite with multiple functionalities.

IPC Classes  ?

• F27D 11/08 - Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
• H05B 7/06 - Electrodes
• C22C 33/02 - Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
• F27D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Abstract

422 are disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• H05B 7/06 - Electrodes

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for additively manufacturing a three-dimensional component having at least one winding, in particular a coil (17) for an electric motor, by layer-by-layer application of a construction material and locally selective solidification of the construction material by irradiation with at least one beam impinging on the construction material, wherein the irradiation is configured in such a manner that a thickness of the winding at least in sections is less than or equal to 1.0 mm, preferably is less than or equal to 0.5 mm, and/or wherein at most ten, preferably at most five, furthermore preferably at most two irradiation paths lie next to one another, or there is precisely one irradiation path, at least in sections in a thickness direction.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02K 15/04 - Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of windings, prior to mounting into machines
• H02K 3/04 - Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
• B33Y 10/00 - Processes of additive manufacturing
• B33Y 80/00 - Products made by additive manufacturing

Abstract

The cover belt conveyor is provided with a respective support belt (5) designed as a continuous belt and a cover belt (6), which are each guided around a deflection drum (7 and 8) and a respective rotatable drive drum (9 and 10), such that they are guided opposite one another in a steep or perpendicular conveying region, and such that a conveyor belt can be conveyed between the support belt (5) and the cover belt (6) with a translational movement of the support belt (5) and the cover belt (6) in the direction of the respective drive drum (9 and 10). In the steep or perpendicular conveying region (11), cylindrical elements (1.1 and 1.2) are arranged in pairs in contact with the outer surface of the support belt (5) and the cover belt (6) on opposite sides with the application of a compressive force, which are rotatably mounted at a right angle to the conveying direction, and a rotational drive engages on at least one of the cylindrical elements (1.1 and/or 1.2) of a pair. With these, traction forces can be transmitted in the conveying direction or in the opposite direction onto the support belt (5) and/or the cover belt (6).

IPC Classes  ?

• B65G 15/18 - Conveyors having endless load-conveying surfaces, i.e. belts and like continuous members, to which tractive effort is transmitted by means other than endless driving elements of similar configuration comprising two or more co-operating endless surfaces with parallel longitudinal axes, or a multiplicity of parallel elements, e.g. ropes defining an endless surface with two or more endless belts the belts being sealed at their edges

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing silicon nanoparticles. The method comprises the following steps: (a) providing a chlorosilane, the chlorosilane having at least one Si-Si moiety; (b) hydrolysing the chlorosilane to form a hydrolysate; (c) drying the hydrolysate to form an intermediate product; and (d) decomposing the intermediate product to form silicon nanoparticles.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 33/021 - Preparation
• C01B 33/08 - Compounds containing halogen
• C01B 33/113 - Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a perimidine derivative for an application in organic electronics, selected from cations, zwitterions and their dimers, or dications and their dimers or oligomers. The invention also relates to the use of a corresponding perimidine derivative in organic electronics, more particularly for the n-doping of an organic electrically semiconducting material, more particularly of an electron transport layer (ETL), or as a charge carrier injection layer in electronic or optoelectronic components. The invention further relates to the use of the perimidine derivatives in accumulators, batteries, electrode material, capacitors, sensors, circuits and data stores.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 51/00 - Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates. According to this method, (i) a first organosilicon compound that has at least one silicon atom Si1and an entity of the formula G-I bonded thereto is, by silylation of the NH group of the entity of formula G-I with a second organosilicon compound having a silicon atom Si2, transformed into a third organosilicon compound having an entity of the formula G-II; and (ii) reacting the third organosilicon compound to an isocyanate by thermolysis, the entity of the formula G-II being transformed into an isocyanate group.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 263/04 - Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid from or via carbamates or carbamoyl halides
• C07C 265/04 - Derivatives of isocyanic acid having isocyanate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a saturated carbon skeleton
• C07C 265/06 - Derivatives of isocyanic acid having isocyanate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton
• C07C 265/08 - Derivatives of isocyanic acid having isocyanate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing rings
• C07C 265/14 - Derivatives of isocyanic acid containing at least two isocyanate groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
• C07F 7/10 - Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages containing nitrogen
• C07F 7/12 - Organo silicon halides
• C07F 7/18 - Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
• C07F 7/08 - Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing a geopolymer concrete and/or mortar from an activator composition, at least one binder and at least one aggregate, comprising at least the steps of: a) providing an activator composition A comprising at least one water-soluble alkali metal silicate and at least one inorganic base, b) mixing the composition A with at least one binder and at least one aggregate to afford a composition C, c) curing the composition C at a temperature of 20°C to 100°C to afford a geopolymer concrete and/or mortar, wherein the at least one alkali metal silicate is selected from sodium waterglass and/or potassium waterglass and/or lithium waterglass and wherein the at least one inorganic base is selected from metal hydroxides and wherein the at least one binder comprises at least one reactive aluminosilicatic component and wherein the composition C produced in step b) has a molar Si:Al ratio in the range from 1:1 to 30:1, preferably in the range from 1:1 to 6:1, and a molar Na:Al ratio in the range from 0.5:1 to 1.5:1, preferably in the range from 0.7:1 to 1:1.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 12/00 - Cements not provided for in groups
• C04B 28/00 - Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
• C04B 40/06 - Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for melting metals having a melting temperature of less than 1000 °C. According to the invention, an apparatus (2) for forming a plasma (8) is arranged on a melting furnace (1). The apparatus (2) is connected to a voltage supply, and at least one first feed for a plasma gas is connected to the apparatus (2), by means of which plasma gas the plasma (8) can be formed. The apparatus is designed, dimensioned, arranged and/or oriented such that the plasma (8) that is formed is at a distance from the metal as material to be melted (9). A hot gas flow can be formed by means of the plasma (8), which hot gas flow is directed toward the material to be melted (9). A melt tub or a crucible (5) is arranged in the melting furnace (1) in order to receive the melted metal.

IPC Classes  ?

• H05B 6/80 - Apparatus for specific applications
• H05H 1/30 - Plasma torches using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high-frequency or microwave energy

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing an organic compound having a group of the formula IA or of the formula IB, wherein a compound that has a group of the general formula IIA or of the general formula IIB in which R1, R2and R311211212 heteroalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, and a substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl group; is reacted with a hydrogenation agent to the organic group that has a group of the formula IA or of the formula IB, and a hydridosilane.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07D 295/03 - Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring hetero elements containing only one hetero ring with the ring nitrogen atoms directly attached to acyclic carbon atoms
• C07C 211/08 - Monoamines containing alkyl groups having a different number of carbon atoms

Abstract

A method for producing silicon-based anodes for secondary batteries carries out the following steps for producing an anode: —depositing a silicon layer on a metal substrate having grain boundaries, wherein the silicon layer has a first boundary surface directed towards the metal substrate, —heating the metal substrate using a heating unit to a temperature between 200° C. and 1000° C., —conditioning the region of the second boundary surface of the silicon layer that is facing away from the metal substrate using an energy-intensive irradiation during the heating, —generating polyphases in the region of the silicon layer and the metal substrate, made up of amorphous silicon and/or crystalline silicon of the silicon of the silicon layer and of crystalline metal of the metal substrate and of silicide and—generating crystalline metal of the metal substrate.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
• H01M 4/04 - Processes of manufacture in general
• H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys

Abstract

The invention relates to a use of a compound of general formula I, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a thiol group and an amino group; Y is selected from the group consisting of -O-, a hydroxy group, an -NR5R6-group, an -SH-group and -O-M+, wherein R5and R611212-alkyl group and M+is a cation; Z is -C(R3R4)-; R1, R2, R3and R411211211212-heteroalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl-alkyl group; and n is 0 or 1; for treating a nitride ceramic.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09G 1/02 - Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents

Abstract

33y33 being an aryl group. The invention also relates to a method of preparing same and use thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 6/06 - Hydrides of aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth or polonium; Monoborane; Diborane; Addition complexes thereof

Abstract

12344, independently of one another, represent in each case a branched or unbranched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; (b) a (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trialkoxysilane; and (c) water, wherein the composition does not contain any Q groups.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09D 4/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond
• C09D 183/04 - Polysiloxanes
• C09D 183/06 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups

Abstract

The invention relates to devices for stressing particles (9) by means of electric pulses (11) using an apparatus for supplying particles, at least one vertically arranged piece of piping (2) with a reaction space for stressing particles, and an apparatus for discharging particles. The devices are distinguished, in particular, in that they are already present in a manner better or completely separated into relatively coarse fractions for the purpose of subsequent comminution. To this end, the piece of piping (2) and therefore the reaction space is a flow duct of a flowable medium (10). Furthermore, a device (4) which conveys the medium is connected to the pipe section such that the medium flows counter to the direction of movement of particles which are fed to the piece of piping and drop through the piece of piping (2). The pipe section has at least two electrodes (5) which are arranged at a distance from one another and are connected to at least one pulse voltage generator in the form of a Marx generator (6). Furthermore, the electrodes end with or in front of the inner surface of the piece of piping , so that the electrodes (5) do not protrude into the piece of piping(2) and do not impede the flow of the medium in the piece of piping.

IPC Classes  ?

• B02C 19/18 - Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating

Abstract

The invention relates to sulfur-rich polymers prepared from sulfur-crosslinked linker molecules of the formula (I) (hexaallyl melem) and/or (II) (hexaallyl melamine) and to polymer blends and composites containing same, and to a method for preparing same and to their use. The invention discloses the use of the linker molecules of formula (I) and/or (II) for preparing the sulfur-rich polymers. The invention also relates to a polymer linker according to formula (I).

IPC Classes  ?

• C07D 487/16 - Peri-condensed systems
• C07D 251/56 - Preparation of melamine
• C08F 8/34 - Introducing sulfur atoms or sulfur-containing groups
• H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
• H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
• H01M 10/052 - Li-accumulators
• H01M 10/39 - Accumulators not provided for in groups working at high temperature
• B01D 15/00 - Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
• B01D 53/02 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
• B01J 20/26 - Synthetic macromolecular compounds

Abstract

The invention relates to pinned disc mills comprising discs with pins. The pinned disc mills are characterized in particular by being usable in particular even under high mechanical loads. For this purpose, the discs consist of a fine-grain ceramic or a metal/ceramic composite material with a high degree of strength, and the pins consist of a metal/ceramic composite material with a high degree of hardness.

IPC Classes  ?

• B02C 13/22 - Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements with intermeshing pins

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing high temperature-resistant objects, having the following steps: a) producing a temporary molded body from salt and/or sugar using generative manufacturing processes, b) applying a layer of high temperature-resistant materials onto the temporary molded body using thermal coating methods, and c) removing the temporary molded body, wherein the coating of high temperature-resistant materials is applied onto the temporary molded body such that the materials form the high temperature-resistant object after the temporary molded body is removed in step c).

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 35/01 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides
• B22C 9/10 - Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
• C04B 35/515 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides
• C04B 35/622 - Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
• B33Y 70/00 - Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
• B33Y 10/00 - Processes of additive manufacturing
• C04B 37/00 - Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite material of metal and ceramic, having a ceramic portion and a metal and/or metalloceramic portion, wherein the composite material contains the metal and/or metalloceramic portion as coarse grains having grain sizes of 500 µm to 10,000 µm. The composite material contains the metal and/or metalloceramic portion as coarse grains at a fraction of greater than 5 wt.% in relation to the composite material.

IPC Classes  ?

• C22C 29/06 - Alloys based on carbides, oxides, borides, nitrides or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e. g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
• C22C 29/12 - Alloys based on carbides, oxides, borides, nitrides or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e. g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on oxides
• C22C 29/14 - Alloys based on carbides, oxides, borides, nitrides or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e. g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on borides
• C22C 29/16 - Alloys based on carbides, oxides, borides, nitrides or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e. g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on nitrides
• C22C 16/00 - Alloys based on zirconium
• C22C 27/00 - Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups or
• C22C 27/02 - Alloys based on vanadium, niobium or tantalum
• C22C 27/04 - Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
• C22C 27/06 - Alloys based on chromium

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for the quasi-continuous feeding of polydisperse bulk materials into pressurized spaces by means of a solid-matter pump in the form of a tamping press with a high throughput and a high gas-breakthrough resistance at pressures up to 100 bar. The method according to the invention is characterized in that polydisperse bulk materials that are uncompacted and/or pre-compacted into compacts and are of a dust-like particle size (ឬ 1 mm), fine particle size (ឬ 10 mm) or coarse particle size (ឬ 100 mm), free-flowing and dry or moist on the surface are filled into the mould channel as bulk material for pressing and are pressed, in that waste materials and/or fermentation remains and/or remains from biogas plants and/or composting remains and/or coals are used as bulk materials, the maximum diameter of the largest particle of the bulk material being limited such that it is at least 10 times smaller than the smallest linear dimension of the cross section of the mould channel, in that the polydisperse bulk materials are provided with such a void-closing particle size distribution that a gas-impermeable compact is formed during pressing, wherein the gas-impermeable compact is formed at the latest when the press ram has reached its forward dead position by the rate of advancement and the pressing stroke of the press ram being chosen to be at most so great, and the pressing pressure of the press ram being chosen to be at least so great that the gas present in the void volume of the bulk material for pressing is pressed out counter to the direction of advancement until gas impermeability of the compact is achieved, and in that lubricant for reducing the friction between the mould channel wall and the compact is added by means of at least one lubricant feed in the mould channel approximately from where the press ram reaches its forwardmost position in the forward dead position, as seen in the direction of the advancement of the press cake strand.

IPC Classes  ?

• B30B 11/26 - Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using press rams
• C10J 3/30 - Fuel charging devices
• C10J 3/50 - Fuel charging devices

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for purifying a metal melt in the crucible of an induction crucible furnace before said metal melt is poured into a casting mold or into a distributor of the strand casting system, wherein at least one ceramic filter body or filter system is dipped into the flowing metal melt and nonmetallic inclusions (NMIs) moving in the melt are removed.

IPC Classes  ?

• B22D 11/119 - Refining the metal by filtering
• B22C 9/08 - Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
• B22D 43/00 - Mechanical cleaning, e.g. skimming of molten metals

Abstract

The present invention encompasses a method of selectively separating Ga from wastewaters with the aid of a dialysis method. This exploits the particular complexation behaviour of Ga, which forms an unstable tetrahalo complex. This forms only in the case of a sufficiently high halide concentration. Since the halide concentration becomes lower across the membrane, the Ga-tetrahalo complex breaks down in the membrane, as a result of which the Ga is retained. Other metals such as In and Fe do not show this behaviour, and therefore the tetrahalo complexes of these metals can pass through the membrane and hence can be selectively separated off.

IPC Classes  ?

• C22B 58/00 - Obtaining gallium or indium

Abstract

The invention relates to a process and to an apparatus for postoxidation of carbonaceous gasification products from a primary gasifier by means of gasification in fluidized beds via arrangement of a fixed bed gasifier having a moving postoxidation bed beneath the primary gasifier. The process is characterized in that a) the reaction space of the primary gasifier is connected directly or via a connecting tube to the reaction space of a fixed bed gasifier in an uninterrupted manner and the two form a common pressure space, wherein the connection between the primary gasifier and fixed bed gasifier has a smaller cross section compared to the reaction spaces of the primary gasifier and fixed bed gasifier, b) the moving postoxidation bed in the fixed bed gasifier is formed from a lower cylindrical portion and an upper narrowing portion, the upper end of which reaches no further than the lower end of the connection to the primary gasifier, c) the gases that ascend upward out of the moving postoxidation bed (comprising raw postoxidation gases and further gases) are introduced into the lower end of the connection to the primary gasifier at flow rates that are at most sufficiently high that the primary gasification bottom products that form the moving postoxidation bed can fall from above out of the primary gasifier through the connection into the moving postoxidation bed, d) the gases that enter the primary gasifier in the upward direction from the upper end of the connection are introduced at flow rates that are at least sufficiently high that the primary gasification bottom products are fluidized above the upper end of the connection, e) the secondary gasifying agents are introduced into the moving postoxidation bed from below distributed over the cross section of the reaction space of the fixed bed gasifier, f) the size of the cross section of the moving postoxidation bed is sufficiently high that flow through the moving postoxidation bed is regular (and not in the form of channels), g) and the amount of the secondary gasifying agent introduced into the moving postoxidation bed in the upward direction and the amount of the postoxidation bottom products drawn off in the downward direction from the moving postoxidation bed are adjusted such that the postoxidation is complete beneath the upper end of the cylindrical portion of the moving bed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10J 3/42 - Rotary grates
• C10J 3/52 - Ash-removing devices
• F23G 5/26 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels with combustion in a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber having rotating bottom
• F23H 9/02 - Revolving cylindrical grates

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and to a gasification reactor for generating synthesis gases from solid gasification materials with the aid of oxygen-containing gasification agents at elevated temperatures using fluidized bed gasification (primary gasification), by means of a gasification reactor (v) having a gasification reaction chamber (v1) which comprises, from bottom to top, a post-oxidation fixed bed gasifier (a), a connection to a connecting reaction chamber, and a primary gasification fluidized bed gasifier (b), a) wherein the reaction chamber of the primary gasification fluidized bed gasifier (b) is uninterruptedly connected directly or via a connector pipe (c) to the reaction chamber of the post-oxidation fixed bed gasifier (a) and both form a joint pressure chamber, b) wherein the connection between the primary gasification fluidized bed gasifier (b) and the post-oxidation fixed bed gasifier (a) has a smaller cross-section by comparison with the reaction chambers of the primary gasification fluidised bed gasifier (b) and the post-oxidation fixed bed gasifier (a), c) wherein in the post-oxidation reaction chamber (a2) in a post-oxidation moving bed the reactor principle of fixed bed gasification is applied, in the connecting reaction chamber the reactor principle of entrained flow gasification is predominantly applied, and in the primary gasification reaction chamber (b1) the reactor principle of central fluidized spouted bed gasification, merging into that of the jet fluidized bed gasification, is applied, and in the secondary gasification reaction chamber (b2) the reactor principle of fluidized bed gasification is applied, d) wherein the primary gasification of the introduced solid gasification materials (25) is carried out using primary gasification agents (primary gasification agents (27) in the stationary fluidized bed, circulating fluidized bed, jet fluidized bed or spouted bed, e) and wherein the C-containing primary gasification bottom products (30) extracted from the primary gasification are post-oxidized with post-oxidation gasification agents (36) in the post-oxidation moving bed (a22) in counter-current and are partially gasified (post-oxidation).

IPC Classes  ?

• C10J 3/48 - Apparatus; Plants
• F23G 5/26 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels with combustion in a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber having rotating bottom
• F23H 9/02 - Revolving cylindrical grates

Abstract

According to various embodiments, a silicon wafer (202) is provided, which has a 100-oriented surface (202a), wherein the surface (202a) has a surface structure (204) of a plurality of randomly distributed recesses, said recesses having a polyhedral shape.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 31/0236 - Special surface textures
• H01L 31/036 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
• H01L 31/18 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
• H01L 21/306 - Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing silicon-based anodes for secondary batteries, wherein the following steps for producing an anode (20) are carried out: - depositing a silicon layer (3) on a metal substrate (1) having grain boundaries (2), wherein the silicon layer (3) has a first boundary surface (14) directed towards the metal substrate (1), - heating the metal substrate (1) by means of a heating unit (22) to a temperature between 200°C and 1000°C, - conditioning the region of the second boundary surface (15) of the silicon layer (3) that is facing away from the metal substrate (1) by means of an energy-intensive irradiation during the heating, - generating polyphases in the region of the silicon layer (3) and the metal substrate (1), consisting of amorphous silicon and/or crystalline silicon of the silicon of the silicon layer (3) and of crystalline metal of the metal substrate (1) and of silicide and - generating crystalline metal of the metal substrate (1).

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/04 - Processes of manufacture in general
• H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
• H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
• H01M 10/052 - Li-accumulators

Abstract

The invention relates to the production of carbon-containing ceramic components with a macrostructure. According to the invention, an aqueous slip which is made of a carbon-carrier that can subsequently be graphitized and of at least one type of granular oxide and/or granular non-oxide and which contains a gelling means is conveyed, for gelling, into an aqueous hardener solution with at least 0.05 % by weight of metal cations, and therein is moulded to give a 2- or 3-dimensional component, where the aqueous slip contains, as gelling means, an alginate with a proportion of from 0.1 to 5 % by weight of the solids content of the aqueous slip. Because the resultant components have a large surface area they can, if the material used is appropriate, be used for filtering fluids, or as catalyst or catalyst support in the form of heat-transfer materials.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 35/01 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides
• C04B 35/03 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
• C04B 35/057 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on calcium oxide
• C04B 35/10 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on aluminium oxide
• C04B 35/14 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on silica
• C04B 35/26 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on ferrites
• C04B 35/42 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on chromites
• C04B 35/447 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on phosphates
• C04B 35/46 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on titanium oxides or titanates
• C04B 35/48 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on zirconium or hafnium oxides or zirconates or hafnates
• C04B 35/528 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components
• C04B 35/56 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbides
• C04B 35/563 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbides based on boron carbide
• C04B 35/565 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on carbides based on silicon carbide
• C04B 35/58 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on borides, nitrides or silicides
• C04B 35/581 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on borides, nitrides or silicides based on aluminium nitride
• C04B 35/584 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on borides, nitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride
• C04B 35/624 - Sol-gel processing
• C04B 35/634 - Polymers
• C04B 35/636 - Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for atomizing molten materials. To this end, molten material (6), which passes through a gap opening (5) in order to reach an outlet opening (2.1) that is flown through by propellant fluid, is sheared when contact occurs with the propellant fluid stream (3.1) along the inner wall of the flow channel (10.2), wherein a temperature reduction of the propellant fluid stream (3.1) is compensated in an expansion region for the propellant fluid flow (3.1), which is located in the flow direction (3) and downstream of the gap opening (5), by increasing the rest temperature of the propellant fluid.

IPC Classes  ?

• B22F 3/105 - Sintering only by using electric current, laser radiation or plasma
• B29C 67/00 - Shaping techniques not covered by groups , or
• B22F 9/08 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
• B05B 7/16 - Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating the material to be sprayed
• C23C 4/123 - Spraying molten metal

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing sheets and strips, in particular fine sheet, from stainless austenitic CrMnNi steel having the following composition: Mn: 7.6 to 8.7 wt%; Cr: 16.5 to 16.99 wt%; Ni: 3.8 to 4.3 wt%; Mo: 0.51 to 1.0 wt%; N: 0.18 to 0.45 wt%; C: ឬ0.04 wt%; Si: ឬ0.5 wt%; P:ឬ 0.04 wt%; S: ឬ 0.01 wt%; the rest iron and unavoidable impurities, the method comprising the steps of: melting the steel by a conventional smelting method, casting the steel melt as an extrusion or an ingot, hot rolling the extrusion or the ingot into a slab, further processing of the slab to a preliminary strip and then to a hot strip, scaling and annealing the hot strip, and cold rolling to a cold strip, wherein the steel in the solution-annealed state contains δ-ferrite components ឬ 3 vol% and in the cold-rolled state the steel additionally contains a α'-martensite component of up to 50 vol%.

IPC Classes  ?

• C21D 6/00 - Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
• C21D 8/04 - Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
• C22C 38/58 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

Abstract

The invention relates to high-strength and at the same time tough semifinished products and components of high-alloy steel, to methods for the production thereof and to the use thereof as structural elements and/or crash elements, as constructional, mechanical-engineering or wearing parts or knife-steel parts or for armour platings or semifinished products, as slabs, profiles, rods, bar steel, coils, sheets or tubes. For this purpose, a high-alloy austenitic steel in the cast state or in the wrought state, with a total content of carbon and nitrogen of greater than 0.1% by mass and less than 0.5% by mass and with delta ferrite making up a proportion of the structure of less than 10% by volume, a) is solution-annealed in the temperature range from 1000 to 1150°C and quenched to room temperature, and so has an Ms temperature of 30 to 0°C, then b) is cooled down to temperatures below -40°C so as to produce α' cooling martensite, c) or is cold-formed at room temperature so as to produce α' forming martensite, d) or is cold-formed in the temperature range below room temperature so as to produce α' cooling martensite and α' forming martensite, e) and following method step b) or c) or d) is subjected to a short-time tempering treatment of less than 30 minutes in the temperature range below the reverse transformation temperature of the martensite into austenite, and after that is cooled down to room temperature, and so the semifinished product or component has a martensitic-austenitic structure containing extremely finely dispersed carbides and/or nitrides and/or carbonitrides with TRIP properties comprising α' martensite in a proportion of 30 to 90% by volume and without precipitates in the austenite.

IPC Classes  ?

• C21D 6/04 - Hardening by cooling below 0° C
• C21D 8/00 - Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
• C21D 6/00 - Heat treatment of ferrous alloys

Abstract

The invention relates to burner devices for the partial oxidation of gaseous gasification materials. These are in particular characterized in that the reactants can be supplied to the gasifier internal space - which is pressurized and at temperatures of up to 1600°C - such that, instead of a predominantly recirculation flow, a predominantly plug flow is established in the gasifier internal space. To that end, the burner device has a first insulation covering the gasifier internal space, a cooling device having one coolant supply line and one coolant discharge line, a second insulation, a gasification material distributor space which has a gasification material supply line and is on either the second insulation or the cooling device with a second insulation, a shield gas space having a shield gas supply line above the gasification material distributor space, a cover covering the shield gas space and having a distributor for oxygen or oxygen-containing gasification material in conjunction with a supply line, burners and a third insulation as an insulation surrounding the cooling device, the gasification material distributor space and the shield gas space.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
• F23D 14/22 - Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
• F23D 23/00 - Assemblies of two or more burners

Abstract

The invention relates to carburetor heads (1) for partial oxidation of gaseous and liquid carburetion substances and to a method for partial oxidation of gaseous and liquid carburetion substances. The carburetor head (1) has a protection chamber (12), having at least one inlet and at least one outlet, pointing in the direction of the carburetor interior chamber (3), for a protection gas, in at least one isolating body (4). Furthermore, there is an arrangement introducing an oxygenic carburetion agent or oxygen having nozzle pipes (20) penetrating the isolation body (4) and a carburetion substance input arrangement having carburetion substance nozzle pipes (21) arranged in the isolation body (4) and ending on one side on or in the carburetor interior chamber (3). A method for partial oxidation of gaseous and liquid carburetion substances is characterized in that, in a carburetor head (1), an arrangement, containing oxygenic carburetion means or oxygen and having lines, at least one distributor, and a supply line (13) for the oxygenic carburetion means or the oxygen, separated spatially from a carburetion substance supply arrangement, having carburetion substance lines, at least one carburetion substance distributor, and a carburetion substance supply line for carburetion substance nozzle pipes (21), is circulated through by protection gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• F23D 14/22 - Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
• F23D 14/32 - Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
• F23D 14/76 - Protecting flame and burner parts
• F23D 14/78 - Cooling burner parts
• F23L 7/00 - Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
• F23M 5/02 - Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
• C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
• C07C 2/78 - Processes with partial combustion

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and to a method for energy and substance conversion by means of pyroelectric materials for producing cleavage products from fluids, wherein the device (1) comprises at least two pyroelectric converters (20, 22) which are connected to one another in relation to a controlled valve device (8) and each have a drain line (11, 23); at least one line (14) associated with the first pyroelectric converter (20) for discharge of cleavage products (48, 52); at least one line (24) associated with the second pyroelectric converter (22) for discharge of cleavage products (52, 48), wherein a pyroelectric converter (20) contains at least a heat exchanger (2), which is connected to a supply line (7) to which the valve device (8) is assigned for delivering at least one fluid stream (9) having a high temperature TH and at least one fluid stream (10) having a temperature TK lower than the temperature TH, wherein the heat exchanger has at least one drain line (11) connected to the supply line (7) and through which heat exchanger a heat-absorbing fluid (50) flows which is to be cleaved; at least one reactor (3) for cleavage of the fluid (50) into cleavage products (48), wherein the reactor (3) has at least one pyroelectric material (12) having a predetermined Curie temperature TC; an apparatus (5), out of which at least the line (14) is led for discharge of at least one cleavage product (48) produced in the reactor (3); a controlled circulation pump (6), which is disposed within a circuit (15) with the heat exchanger (2), reactor (3), and apparatus (5) which belong to the circuit (15) and are connected to one another, and which supplies flowing fluid (50) to be cleaved to the circuit (15) via a line system (16) connecting the circuit (15), the circulation pump (6) being connected to the controlled valve device (8) externally via a control unit (18). The device (1) comprises at least one separation unit (43) associated with the pyroelectric converter (20, 22) for defined separation of the final cleavage products (48, 52) discharged from the apparatus (5) disposed downstream of the respective reactor (3), and the lines (14, 24) for controlled discharge of the cleavage products (48, 52) open into the separation unit (43), from which at least lines (25, 26) for discharging definitely separated final cleavage products (48, 52) extend.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/04 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
• C01B 31/18 - Carbon monoxide
• C01B 13/02 - Preparation of oxygen

Abstract

The invention relates to bodies fixedly restrained at one end while mounted so as to resist movement and tilting for parts of a system (22) that rotate into the supercritical speed range and to a method for producing the bodies, wherein the body (2) represents a hollow body of a tubular form comprising a specified substance, the flexural vibrations of which that occur during rotation are caused by unbalance U resulting from production and mounting inaccuracies and owing to a local difference between the geometrical axis of symmetry (75) of the hollow body (2) and the axis of rotation (76) of the hollow body (2), and which has a closed-off hollow space (7), which is symmetrical with respect to the geometrical axis of symmetry (75) of the hollow body (2) and is also closed towards its end faces (8, 9). In the hollow space (7) of the hollow body (2) that is fixed and mounted at one end and is formed as at least one balancing chamber (70, 71), at least one free-flowing formless substance (4) with a defined mass ms has been introduced into the balancing chamber (71), partially filling the balancing chamber (71), and the mass ms of the free-flowing formless substance (4) introduced is defined in such a way that a vibrational damping with respect to the hollow body can be achieved in the subcritical and critical speed ranges and a damage-free resonance penetration can be achieved in the critical speed range and that the distribution of the substance (4) in the supercritical speed range that is caused by the effect of the unbalance U of the hollow body (2) compensates in a self-stabilizing manner for the effect of the unbalance U while allowing for a specified ratio between the mass ms of the substance (4) and the unbalance U in accordance with the equation (V).

IPC Classes  ?

• B23C 5/00 - Milling-cutters
• B23C 5/10 - Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
• B23Q 11/00 - Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
• F16F 15/10 - Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing textures or polishes on the surface of monocrystalline silicon wafers by means of anisotropic etching processes. The problem addressed by the invention is that of developing a method for producing textures or polishes on the surface of monocrystalline silicon wafers in which economical, easily accessible, non-toxic raw materials can be used, which can be performed near room temperature in an energy-saving manner, in which the cleaning and the texturing or polishing of the wafer surface occur simultaneously, in which less toxic exhaust gases are released and smaller amounts of waste water are produced, by means of which a higher removal rate than with the use of alkaline solutions can be achieved such that in-line processing is possible, and which produces comparable textures on both SiC-slurry-sawed silicon wafers and diamond-wire-sawed silicon wafers. Surprisingly, it was found that pyramids having a square base are produced when aqueous mixtures of hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and an added oxidant or aqueous solutions of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and fed chlorine (Cl2) are used as etching solutions in the treatment of monocrystalline silicon (100) wafers. Ammonium peroxodisulfate ((NH4)2S2O8), sodium peroxodisulfate (Na2S2O8), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), ozone (O3), and nitric acid (HNO3) were preferably used as oxidants.

IPC Classes  ?

• C30B 29/06 - Silicon
• C09K 13/08 - Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions containing an inorganic acid containing a fluorine compound
• C30B 33/10 - Etching in solutions or melts
• H01L 21/306 - Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching
• H01L 31/0236 - Special surface textures
• H01L 31/18 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a protection layer which is used as anticorrosion layer on corrosion-prone substrates, especially corroding metals, alloys and other materials, especially on steel, and as a basecoat for the application of further porous layer systems or as a topcoat, and to the process for production thereof and to use on a coated substrate for protection against corrosion and specifically for use against microbially induced corrosion (MIC), wherein the anticorrosion layer comprises a high-density protection layer on a corrosion-prone substrate, containing pre-condensed layer-forming alkoxysilane precursors, wherein the molecules of the pre-condensed layer-forming alkoxysilane precursors are formed from monomer units selected from the group of the triethoxysilane precursors, wherein the molecules of the pre-condensed layer-forming alkoxysilane precursors are crosslinked with one another, and wherein the high-density protection layer has a layer thickness of at least 50 μm.

IPC Classes  ?

• B05D 7/14 - Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
• C09D 5/08 - Anti-corrosive paints
• C09D 183/04 - Polysiloxanes
• C09D 183/06 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
• C08G 77/04 - Polysiloxanes
• C08G 77/18 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups to alkoxy or aryloxy groups

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (20, 29, 36, 38, 40) for converting thermal energy into chemical energy and chemical energy into electrical energy, comprising at least of a fuel cell unit (19), to which there belong at least an anode (21) made of a first gas-permeable current collector (2) and an anode-side catalytic converter (1), a cathode (22) made of a second gas-permeable current collector (4) and a cathode-side catalytic converter (5), an electrolyte (3) located between anode (21) and cathode (22), wherein at least the anode (21), the cathode (22), and the electrolyte (3) are located in a chamber (47), and an oxygen inlet (23) to the chamber (47) for the supply of oxygen or an oxygen mixture to the cathode-side catalytic converter (5), a fluid reservoir (17), to which there belong at least one pyro-catalytically active material (13) having at least one polar axis, a first thermal energy carrier (24) having a high temperature (TH), a second thermal energy carrier (25) having a low temperature (TK), and a gas diffusion channel (18), wherein the chamber (47) of the fuel cell unit (19) is connected to the fluid reservoir (17) via the gas diffusion channel (18), wherein the fluid reservoir (17) contains at least the pyro-catalytically active material (13), which is subjected to temperature changes (ΔΤ/Δt) over time, wherein the temperature change (ΔΤ/Δt) is implemented by means of an alternating transfer of heat via a first thermal energy carrier (24) having a high temperature (TH) and a second thermal energy carrier (25) having a low temperature (TK) on the pyro-catalytically active material (13) for the conversion of thermal energy into chemical energy, wherein, at a high temperature (TH) an adjustable maximum temperature (Tmax) of the pyro-catalytically active material (13) lies below the Curie temperature () of the same, wherein, on the pyro-catalytically active material (13), reduction or oxygenation of a fluid (12) in the fluid reservoir (17) to at least hydrogen as chemical energy carrier takes place, wherein at least the hydrogen in the gas diffusion channel (18) flows from the fluid reservoir (17) to the anode-side catalytic converter (1), on which, in order to convert the chemical energy into electrical energy, oxidation of the hydrogen takes place, and wherein, at least in the gas diffusion channel (18), intermediate chemical storage is possible as part of an arrangement (42, 43, 44, 45, 46) for intermediate storage.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 8/18 - Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
• H01M 8/06 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
• C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for partly converting crude gases from an entrained flow gasification process. The method can be used in cooling sections of gasification processes (mainly entrained flow gasifiers). In the method according to the invention, the hot crude gases which are drawn from the crude gas outlet of an entrained flow gasifier and the molten slag, largely built up as wall film, are introduced into a quenching device in a flow directed towards the bottom and quenched. The method is characterized in that steam is introduced into the crude gas outlet of the entrained flow gasifier under pressure and at a flow speed 0.1 to 10 times the flow speed of the crude gas flow in the crude gas outlet.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10J 3/48 - Apparatus; Plants
• C10J 3/84 - Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas

Abstract

The invention relates to a shaped steel part made of hardenable steel and also to a process for producing a high-strength or ultra-high-strength shaped part made of hardenable steel in which a steel part made of hardenable steel is austenitized at a temperature of 10 to 60 K above the Ac3 temperature and heated through and homogenized at this temperature, wherein the steel part is cooled rapidly to a temperature in the range of between 50 K below and 100 K above the Ms temperature in such a way that ferrite and pearlite phases are avoided, and is shaped in this temperature range to form a shaped part, and the shaped part is then cooled to room temperature in such a way that a predominantly martensitic microstructure is formed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C21D 9/46 - Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
• C21D 1/18 - Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
• C21D 1/19 - Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
• C21D 1/673 - Quenching devices for die quenching

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for biocatalytic synthesis of substituted and unsubstituted phenylacetic acids and ketones from styrenes and bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using enzymes of microbial styrene degradation in a whole-cell sensor, and a kit for said type of biocatalytic synthesis comprising a whole-cell catalyst and novel bacteria stems and to the use thereof in said type of the method, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) providing at least one type of whole-cell catalyst, comprising genes which are provided for the enzymes of the styrene degradation coding and functionally under the control of a controllable promoter, in an aqueous component, b) activating of the whole-cell catalyst by an inductor and/or an activator leads to expression of the genes, c) contacting the activated whole-cell catalyst to a substrate, d) isolating the formed reaction products, which advantageously are not metabolized further by the whole-cell catalyst and advantageously accumulate in the aqueous component.

IPC Classes  ?

• C12P 7/24 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carbonyl group
• C12P 7/26 - Ketones
• C12P 7/40 - Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group
• C12N 9/02 - Oxidoreductases (1.), e.g. luciferase
• C12N 9/90 - Isomerases (5.)
• C12R 1/01 - Bacteria or actinomycetales

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for in-situ conversion of chemically fixed carbon dioxide into low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons by direct heterogeneous catalytic or electrochemical hydration. To this end, carbon dioxide is chemically fixed to an organic washing reagent containing CO2-binding components and hydrated directly and catalytically or electrochemically in the presence of a copper-based catalyst or a transition-metal-containing catalyst that comprises metals of the eighth, ninth or tenth group of the periodic table of the elements. Then the low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons are separated from the organic washing reagent containing CO2-binding components. The organic washing reagent containing CO2-binding components is advantageously regenerated thereby and after hydration is still present in its original structure and is not impaired irreversibly in its function.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C25B 3/04 - Electrolytic production of organic compounds by reduction
• C07C 29/132 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group
• C07C 213/06 - Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from hydroxy amines by reactions involving the etherification or esterification of hydroxy groups

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of oxygen compounds of aluminium or particulate dust which contains oxygen compounds of aluminium as corrosion protection agent and release agent for soda-lime-silicate glasses in glass storage and during glass transport. The release agents contain release powder based on plastic and oxygen compounds of aluminium as corrosion protection additive having a particle size below that of the particles of the release powder based on plastic.

IPC Classes  ?

• C03C 17/22 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material

Abstract

The invention relates to a binder as a binding agent for ceramic and powder metallurgy forming processes for producing ceramic and metal bodies, in particular for conventional slip casting, pressure slip casting, vibration material casting and self-fluxing material casting, as a temporary binding agent for plastic materials in extrusion processes, as a binding agent for producing thin-walled products by means of film casting and paper technology, and as a binding agent in the production of granulate for press-forming processes. According to the invention, the binder contains konjac flour and welan gum.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 24/38 - Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
• C04B 26/28 - Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
• C04B 35/636 - Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an inexpensive method for producing high-strength molded parts from austenitic cast steel with a carbon content of 0.4 to 1.2%, a manganese content of 12 to 25%, a phosphorus content of 0.01 to 1.5%, a silicon content of less than/equal to 3%, and an aluminum content of less than/equal to 3% by mass, groups of iron, and tramp elements due to the melting process. The molten steel is melted using conventional melting methods and cast into shapes or as semifinished products, and the unfinished cast parts are subsequently completed by means of a cold working process of more than 10% in a temperature range below 200 °C. The finished molded parts are used as construction, wear, or crash elements.

IPC Classes  ?

• C21D 6/00 - Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
• C21D 7/02 - Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
• C21D 8/02 - Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
• C21D 9/46 - Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
• C22C 38/02 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
• C22C 38/04 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
• C22C 38/06 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermal shock-resistant and corrosion-resistant ceramic material based on calcium zirconate and a process for producing the material. Shaped or unshaped products for energy technology, metallurgy, the automobile industry, the glass and cement industry and the chemical industry can be produced from the ceramic material. The invention addresses the technical problem of developing a thermal shock-resistant and corrosion-resistant ceramic material from which large-volume solid and hollow components can be produced. To ensure a high chemical resistance, the ceramic binder matrix in the composition should largely correspond to the composition of the material. According to the invention, the macrostructure of the material consists of presynthesized calcium zirconate-containing crushed material having an ZrO2/CaO ratio in the range from 1.6:1 to 1:1.5 and a particle size of from 150 µm to 6 mm in a proportion of greater than 50 % by mass and a binder matrix which is composed of fine-grained calcium zirconate and/or zirconium oxide having grain sizes in the range from 50 nm to 150 µm and has been sintered at > 1400°C and surrounds the crushed material.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 35/482 - Refractories from grain sized mixtures
• C04B 35/626 - Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches
• C04B 35/63 - Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches using additives specially adapted for forming the products
• C01G 25/00 - Compounds of zirconium

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for drying a product (2) in a drying system, the product (2) having been treated with a substance containing an organic solvent, said method comprising the steps: a) heating the product (2) by means of infrared radiation (21) and evaporating the solvent, forming a solvent vapour; b) discharging the solvent vapour from the drying system; c) supplying at least a part of the solvent vapour to a burner (3) and burning the solvent vapour with the burner (3); and d) using the infrared radiation arising during the combustion of the solvent vapour (21) to heat the product (2) in step a).

IPC Classes  ?

• F26B 3/30 - Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements
• F26B 23/02 - Heating arrangements using combustion heating
• F26B 25/00 - DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM - Details of general application not covered by group or

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for the entrained flow gasification of solid fuels under pressure characterised in that first and second oxygen-containing gasification means are supplied from above to a burnerless, dust-forming gasification material stream in at least two stages such that a first, upper gasification chamber and subsequent second, lower gasification chamber are formed. Through the addition of the first gasification means, measured according to quantity and composition, partial gasification of the gasification materials is performed, wherein temperatures in the first, upper gasification chamber, which are greater than 600°C, are adjusted. In addition, the carbon conversion of the first gasification products is limited to 80% based on the carbon input of the gasification materials. Through the addition of the second gasification means, measured according to quantity and composition, temperatures in the second gasification chamber are adjusted to a level that is high enough that largely complete gasification takes place and the desired compositions of the raw synthesis gases of the second gasification process are obtained. In the process, the discharge of ash in dry form and/or in the form of a melted slag is possible.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10J 3/50 - Fuel charging devices
• C10J 3/74 - Construction of shells or jackets

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing high-strength components from austenitic or austenitic-martensitic cast steel having TRIP/TWIP properties and having an equivalent value for the stacking fault energy of the austenite of W < 35 mJ/m2 according to the relationship, wherein initially semi-finished goods or molded parts made of cast steel are melted using traditional melting methods and cast without tight dimensional tolerance, wherein the semi-finished goods or molded parts are then cold-worked with a degree of working of 20% to nearly 100% for austenitic steels and of more than 20% to 60% for austenitic-martensitic steels, wherein the cold-worked semi-finished goods or molded parts are cooled during the cold working, and thus the heating-up of the cold-worked semi-finished goods or molded parts stops above 80 °C. The invention further relates to the components thus produced as construction elements, wear elements, or crash elements.

IPC Classes  ?

• C21D 6/00 - Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
• C21D 7/02 - Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
• C22C 38/04 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
• C22C 38/38 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
• C22C 38/40 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
• C22C 38/58 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the combustion of combustion gases with fluctuating calorific contents. It is proposed according to the invention that the combustion is performed in two combustion chambers connected in series, the combustion gas is supplied to the first combustion chamber (5), the combustion air is split up and supplied to the first combustion chamber (5) and to the second combustion chamber (6), the exhaust gas of the first combustion chamber (5) is supplied to the second combustion chamber (6), and the combustion air feed (3) to the first combustion chamber (5) is configured such that the combustion temperature in the first combustion chamber (5) lies between 1000°C and 1600°C.

IPC Classes  ?

• F23G 7/07 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material

Abstract

The present invention relates in a first aspect to a coated polymer system comprising silica-coated polymer and functional components. Said coating of the polymer is a silica-coating obtained by using Si-N precursor having at least two amino groups and, in addition, coating is affected in the presence of the functional component. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for preparing the coated polymer systems containing functional components comprising the step of coating the polymer with a Si-N precursor having at least two amino groups in the presence of the functional component.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08J 7/04 - Coating
• C12N 11/14 - Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
• C09D 183/04 - Polysiloxanes
• C09D 183/08 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• C09D 4/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger composed of ceramic material, in particular for recuperator burners, having a heat exchanger surface which has structures for increasing the surface area. It is proposed according to the invention that the heat exchanger surface is coated on one or both sides, over a ceramic intermediate layer (7), with a ceramic structure (8) which is produced using a textile material (1, 2) soaked in a ceramic slip.

IPC Classes  ?

• F23L 15/02 - Arrangements of regenerators
• C04B 35/573 - Fine ceramics obtained by reaction sintering
• C04B 35/80 - Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like

Abstract

The invention relates to a lining material for gasification plants, especially for gasification plants in which synthesis gas is produced under reducing conditions. The inventive lining material for gasification plants consists of an oxide ceramic material based on aluminium oxide. According to the invention, the oxide ceramic material contains a) at least 50 per cent by mass (% by ma.) of aluminium oxide, b) at least one oxidic additive selected from oxides of the alkali metals, oxides of the alkaline earth metals, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, brown coal ashes, hard coal ashes or mixtures thereof. In addition, the oxide ceramic material has the inventive feature that it has been fired or heat-treated under reducing conditions. The invention also encompasses a process for production of an inventive lining material for gasification plants, and the use thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 35/10 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides based on aluminium oxide
• C03B 5/43 - Use of materials for furnace walls, e.g. fire-bricks
• C04B 35/106 - Refractories from grain sized mixtures containing zirconium oxide or zircon (ZrSiO4)
• C04B 35/113 - Fine ceramics based on beta-aluminium oxide
• F23M 5/04 - Supports for linings
• C04B 35/101 - Refractories from grain sized mixtures

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for increasing lithium content while at the same time decreasing magnesium content from chloridic solutions which have high magnesium contents in relation to the lithium content. In accordance with the invention this is achieved by metering KCl into the solution intended for further evaporation, this solution containing at least 4 g/l Li+ and 60 g/l Mg2+, this KCl reacting with the MgCl2 in the solution, at least partially, to form potassium carnallite and is deposited in the form of potassium carnallite, the amount of KCl added being calculated such that the composition of the mother solution is close to saturation with carnallite (potassium carnallite) and KCl and hence the formation of lithium carnallite is prevented.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 35/10 - Compounds containing boron and oxygen
• C01D 3/04 - Chlorides
• C01D 15/04 - Halides
• C01F 5/30 - Chlorides
• C01F 5/40 - Magnesium sulfates
• C01F 11/46 - Sulfates

Abstract

The present invention provides a solution to the problem of non-volatile electronic data storage by using a crystalline oxide preferably having a perovskite structure. A multistage process comprising modification of conductivity and surface structure, deposition of electrodes and also electroforming enables switching between different interface states. The data are then stored in the form of resistance states of individual memory cells.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01L 45/00 - Solid state devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating, or switching without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. dielectric triodes; Ovshinsky-effect devices; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof
• G11C 13/00 - Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups , , or

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing oxide-based metal-organic framework compounds, so-called OMOFs, of the general formula M4OBx (M = bivalent metal, x ≤ 3). OMOF compounds are structured in a regular lattice, which has a defined pore size distribution. The high specific pore volume and the large equivalent surface area associated therewith make said compounds excellent materials, among other things, for gas stores or chemical catalysis or as a separating material, for example, in gas or liquid chromatography. The compounds according to the invention are produced in such a way that a compound MBx with x ≤ 1, wherein M is a metal cation and the anion B is the acid residue of an acid having at least four donor atoms, is suspended in a non-aqueous liquid and is reacted with an oxide source, wherein the water content is controlled while the reaction is performed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07F 3/00 - Compounds containing elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic System
• C07F 19/00 - Metal compounds according to more than one of main groups

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing oligo- or polysiloxanes, which are widely used as silicone oils, silicone rubbers (elastomers), and silicone resins, and for producing N-substituted urea derivatives. The oligo- or polysiloxanes produced according to the invention are suitable for, inter alia, hydrophobing glass, ceramic, textiles, or leather, and as lubricants for plastics processing, lubricants in plastic gearing, polishing agent additives, for preventing pigments from floating in pigmented coatings, as manometer fluid, collectors in flotation processes and for use in defoamer formulas, hydraulic fluids, release agents, printing ink, or metal cleaning agents. The N-substituted urea derivatives produced according to the invention are suitable for use as flame retardants, in pharmaceuticals, but also in organic synthesis. The method according to the invention for producing oligo- and/or polysiloxanes and/or N-substituted urea derivatives is based on inserting CO2 into an aminosilane, which has at least 2 amino groups, in order to form silyl carbamate. Subsequently, the obtained silyl carbamate is pyrolyzed to form oligo- or polysiloxane, carbon dioxide, and N-substituted urea.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 77/06 - Preparatory processes
• C07F 7/18 - Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages

Abstract

The invention relates to pressed carbonaceous or carbon-bonded fireproof aluminum oxide products, and to a method for producing same. The fireproof products according to the invention are used, for example, as unitary plugs, immersion castings, and cauldron distribution pipes used for casting metals, particularly for casting steel. The fireproof products are made of pressed compounds made of a mixture of 50 to 70% by weight, preferably 50 to 60% by weight of aluminum oxide, 20 to 30% by weight of carbon carriers having a high carbon content, 4 to 12% by weight of carbonaceous binders, 2 to 7% by weight of finely pulverized metals or alloys based on silicon, 1 to 4% by weight of finely ground flow agents, 2 to 7% by weight of fine silicon dioxide and further oxides and/or non-oxides, except for primary silicon carbide, wherein the surface of the fireproof products produced from said pressed compound is implemented in the form of a self-glaze.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 35/01 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxides
• C04B 35/103 - Refractories from grain sized mixtures containing non-oxide refractory materials, e.g. carbon
• B22D 41/54 - Manufacturing or repairing thereof characterised by the materials used therefor

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and to a device for the selective classification of particles according to the size thereof, determined by a maximum main dimension (a, b, c) of the particle geometry, by conducting the classification by means of passages (3) in a screening structure (3, 4, 5, 11) that are effective for three-dimensional classification.

IPC Classes  ?

• B07B 1/46 - Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
• B07B 13/00 - Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing porous materials from silicon-based polymers or silicon-based inorganic solid materials by forming addition compounds from hydridochlorosilanes and pyridine or pyridine derivatives, followed by pyrolysis.

IPC Classes  ?

• C04B 35/589 - Fine ceramics obtained from polymer precursors
• C04B 38/00 - Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof