A method of producing 1,8-dihydroxy naphthalene (DHN) is provided. The method includes culturing cells under suitable culture conditions for the production of DHN. The cells include a nucleic acid encoding a polyketide synthase polypeptide and one or more nucleic acids encoding one or more protein enzymes used in the DHN melanin pathway. DHN melanin pathway genes may be expressed in the cells, which may recombinant E. coli cells. The cells may include inhibitors to stop the conversion of DHN into melanin within the cells. The cells may include glucose as a cell nutrient. The glucose may be derived from biomass. DHN may be produced, harvested and the harvested DHN may be catalyzed into a cyclic hydrocarbon.
Applying a sufficient quantity of an Alkali metal or an Alkaline earth metal to a fluid in a stripping process loop 106 to form a first intermediary compound and thereby, to strip the undesired element from the process fluid 102. The first intermediary compound 130 is processed in a recovery process loop 110 to recover the Alkali metal or Alkaline earth metal. The recovered Alkali metal or Alkaline earth metal is then re-introduced to an additional quantity of process fluid to strip and clean the undesired element from the additional quantity of the process fluid. A recovery process loop 110 may include either or both of a chemical substitution process, and an electrolytic process, effective to separate the Alkali metal or Alkaline earth metal from the undesired element or another compound.
A method (100) to produce one or more diene molecules (135) including steps of preparing a biomass hydrolysate (137) from biomass, producing an engineered organism (120) that can feed on the biomass hydrolysate and express an alcohol product useful to make the diene molecule, fermenting (115) the broth with the engineered organism, separating (125) the alcohol product from fermentation broth, and catalyzing (130) the alcohol to create the diene molecule.
Applying a sufficient quantity of an Alkali metal or an Alkaline earth metal to a fluid in a stripping process loop (106) to form a first intermediary compound and thereby, to strip the undesired element from the process fluid (102). The first intermediary compound (130) is processed in a recovery process loop (110) to recover the Alkali metal or Alkaline earth metal. The recovered Alkali metal or Alkaline earth metal is then re-introduced to an additional quantity of process fluid to strip and clean the undesired element from the additional quantity of the process fluid. A recovery process loop (110) may include either or both of a chemical substitution process, and an electrolytic process, effective to separate the Alkali metal or Alkaline earth metal from the undesired element or another compound.
C10G 19/067 - Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with molten alkaline material
C10G 19/073 - Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with solid alkaline material
C10G 29/04 - Metals, or metals deposited on a carrier
C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbonsHydrofinishing
C25C 3/02 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of alkali or alkaline earth metals
The disclosure relates to biological methods of making a hydrocarbon feedstock wherein carbon substrates are converted into useful chemicals and fuels. Particularly, genetically engineered bacteria are used to make C4-C10 fatty acids or derivatives from one-carbon substrates such as methanol and carbon dioxide.
A topical product to protect the skin (102) from free radicals (104a, 104b) is disclosed in one embodiment of the invention as including a carrier medium for topical application to the skin (102). A sacrificial material that is compatible with the skin (102) is interspersed with the carrier medium. This sacrificial material may be selected to react with free radicals within the skin (102). The sacrificial material may be further selected to react with water to produce hydrogen (106) (a powerful antioxidant) and a reaction product that is also compatible with the skin (102). In this way, both the sacrificial material and the hydrogen (106) will react with free radicals (104a, 104b) to provide protection against free radicals (104a, 104b).
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