An advanced integrated optical transceiver enables super high-speed communication between chips such as GPUs and HBM. Designs for such a transceiver may be based on an array of GaN micro-LEDs and an array of Si photodetectors (PDs) which are hybrid bonded (i.e. via “direct bond interconnect”) to a CMOS chip. Hybrid bonding makes the integrated optical transceiver very small and highly reliable.
G02B 6/42 - Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
H10F 77/122 - Active materials comprising only Group IV materials
H10H 20/812 - Bodies having quantum effect structures or superlattices, e.g. tunnel junctions within the light-emitting regions, e.g. having quantum confinement structures
H10H 20/825 - Materials of the light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaP containing nitrogen, e.g. GaN
An advanced integrated optical transceiver enables super high-speed communication between chips such as GPUs and HBM. Designs for such a transceiver may be based on an array of GaN micro-LEDs and an array of Si photodetectors (PDs) which are hybrid bonded (i.e. via “direct bond interconnect”) to a CMOS chip. Hybrid bonding makes the integrated optical transceiver very small and highly reliable.
An advanced integrated optical transceiver enables super high-speed communication between chips such as GPUs and HBM. Designs for such a transceiver may be based on an array of GaN micro-LEDs and an array of Si photodetectors (PDs) which are hybrid bonded (i.e. via "direct bond interconnect") to a CMOS chip. Hybrid bonding makes the integrated optical transceiver very small and highly reliable.
G02B 6/43 - Arrangements comprising a plurality of opto-electronic elements and associated optical interconnections
H01L 25/16 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different subclasses of , , , , or , e.g. forming hybrid circuits
4.
BULK InGaN COLOR CONVERSION FOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT LIGHT SOURCES
An LED source includes a CMOS layer, a GaN LED layer, and a bulk InxGa1-xN color conversion layer. The CMOS layer contains CMOS driver circuits. The GaN LED layer is attached to the CMOS layer. It is patterned into an array of LEDs connected to and driven by the driver circuits. The bulk InxGa1-xN color conversion layer is attached to the GaN LED layer. The bulk InxGa1-xN color conversion layer is patterned into color conversion elements aligned with corresponding LEDs to convert light from the LEDs to a different wavelength.
H01L 25/075 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses , , , , or , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group
H01L 25/16 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different subclasses of , , , , or , e.g. forming hybrid circuits
H10H 20/814 - Bodies having reflecting means, e.g. semiconductor Bragg reflectors
H10H 20/825 - Materials of the light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaP containing nitrogen, e.g. GaN
H10H 29/14 - Integrated devices comprising at least one light-emitting semiconductor component covered by group comprising multiple light-emitting semiconductor components
H10H 29/45 - Active-matrix LED displays comprising two substrates, each having active devices thereon, e.g. displays comprising LED arrays and driving circuitry on different substrates
Pulse width modulation is used to drive pixels in a video display. Bit codes are received for pulses that drive at least two different pixels of a video display. The bit codes specify which pulses are on or off within illumination windows for the pixels. The illumination windows for the different pixels are temporally aligned. Pulses are generated from the bit codes. The order of the pulses within the illumination windows is different for the different pixels.
G09G 3/32 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
6.
MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES FOR MICROLENS ARRAY STRUCTURES
A process for manufacturing microlens arrays includes the following steps. A preform for a microlens array is created. The preform includes an array of first dome shapes corresponding to microlenses in the microlens array. The domes shapes may be different in size and/or shape than the final microlenses to account for subsequent manufacturing steps. Atomic layer deposition is used to deposit a conformal layer on the array of first dome shapes to create an array of second dome shapes. This can be used as a master form for manufacturing the microlens array. For example, the shape of the master may be transferred to a stamp, and the stamp pressed into lens material to create the microlens array.
H10F 39/00 - Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group , e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
B29C 33/38 - Moulds or coresDetails thereof or accessories therefor characterised by the material or the manufacturing process
7.
Personal object with miniature integrated projector display
A personal object such as a ring or wristwatch includes an integrated femtoprojector that operates as a mini viewer. The object includes an object body (such as a ring body or watch head) that may be wearable. A display is inset in the object body and is viewable through a window from a position external to the object body. Projection optics may be inset in the object body in an optical path between the display and the window. The projection optics are structured to magnify images produced by the display such that projected images are focused on a retina of a person when viewed from a viewing distance within a range of zero to two inches. A battery internal to the object body provides power to the display via a bus.
H04N 9/31 - Projection devices for colour picture display
G09G 3/32 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
Chiplets containing micro-LEDs are designed with two sets of interconnects. One set connects the cathode and anode terminals on the micro-LEDs to contacts for the chiplet. These contacts may then be connected to circuitry outside the chiplet. The other set connects micro-LED terminals to test pads on the wafer when the chiplets are still in wafer form. Multiple chiplets are connected to individual test pads. The micro-LEDs may be fabricated as an array on the wafer, with the test pads arranged around the periphery of the array. As a result, automated test equipment may probe the test pads to test the chiplets while they are still in wafer form.
H10H 20/825 - Materials of the light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaP containing nitrogen, e.g. GaN
H10H 29/24 - Assemblies of multiple devices comprising at least one light-emitting semiconductor device covered by group comprising multiple light-emitting semiconductor devices
Chiplets containing micro-LEDs are designed with two sets of interconnects. One set connects the cathode and anode terminals on the micro-LEDs to contacts for the chiplet. These contacts may then be connected to circuitry outside the chiplet. The other set connects micro-LED terminals to test pads on the wafer when the chiplets are still in wafer form. Multiple chiplets are connected to individual test pads. The micro-LEDs may be fabricated as an array on the wafer, with the test pads arranged around the periphery of the array. As a result, automated test equipment may probe the test pads to test the chiplets while they are still in wafer form.
G09G 3/32 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
G09F 9/30 - Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
A color micro-LED display chip includes light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and quantum dot (QD) containers that contain quantum dots. The QD containers are positioned to receive light emitted from the LEDs. The QD containers are shaped to have an entrance face, an opposing exit face and a waist located between the two faces. The waist has an area that is less than an area of one of the faces and less than or equal to an area of the other face.
H01L 33/04 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction
A color micro-LED display chip includes light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and quantum dot (QD) containers that contain quantum dots. The QD containers are positioned to receive light emitted from the LEDs. The QD containers are shaped to have an entrance face, an opposing exit face and a waist located between the two faces. The waist has an area that is less than an area of one of the faces and less than or equal to an area of the other face.
B82Y 20/00 - Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
H10H 20/811 - Bodies having quantum effect structures or superlattices, e.g. tunnel junctions
H10H 20/812 - Bodies having quantum effect structures or superlattices, e.g. tunnel junctions within the light-emitting regions, e.g. having quantum confinement structures
Color conversion layers, methods of making color conversion layers, monolithic color, micro-light-emitting diode displays and methods of making monolithic, color, micro-light-emitting diode displays are disclosed.
H01L 25/16 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different subclasses of , , , , or , e.g. forming hybrid circuits
H10H 20/825 - Materials of the light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaP containing nitrogen, e.g. GaN
H10H 20/855 - Optical field-shaping means, e.g. lenses
13.
Backplane for multi-panel ultra-dense micro-LED display
A display device suitable for augmented reality glasses or other display applications includes a three panels of ultra-dense micro-LED arrays integrated in a compact form factor. The panels each monochromatically generate red, green, and blue components of an image, and an optical element optically combines the image components to form an output image. Each panel includes a backplane with timing logic and CMOS pixel drivers for driving the micro-LED arrays. The backplanes may be interconnected in a master-slave configuration in which a master backplane receives image data from a host processor and sends image data directly or indirectly to the slave backplanes. The master backplane may furthermore output various timing signals to the slave backplanes to synchronize output of the image components.
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
G09G 3/32 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
14.
ULTRA-DENSE MICRO-LED ARRAY WITH PARTIALLY OVERLAPPING MICROLENSES
In micro-LED displays, emitters may be arranged to form an array of pixels. Examples of emitters include a micro-LED alone, or a combination of a micro-LED and a color converter. The color converter may be based on quantum dots or other quantum confined nanostructures. Each emitter is served by a corresponding microlens. Rather than using microlenses that fully overlap so that there are no areas of the display devoid of microlenses, optical performance may be increased by using smaller microlenses that partially overlap with each other but which do not cover the entire area of the display.
In micro-LED displays, emitters may be arranged to form an array of pixels. Examples of emitters include a micro-LED alone, or a combination of a micro-LED and a color converter. The color converter may be based on quantum dots or other quantum confined nanostructures. Each emitter is served by a corresponding microlens. Rather than using microlenses that fully overlap so that there are no areas of the display devoid of microlenses, optical performance may be increased by using smaller microlenses that partially overlap with each other but which do not cover the entire area of the display.
H01L 25/075 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses , , , , or , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group
H01L 25/16 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different subclasses of , , , , or , e.g. forming hybrid circuits
G09G 3/32 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
Color conversion layers, methods of making color conversion layers, monolithic color, micro-light-emitting diode displays and methods of making monolithic, color, micro-light-emitting diode displays are disclosed.
H01L 25/16 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different subclasses of , , , , or , e.g. forming hybrid circuits
H01L 33/32 - Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system containing nitrogen
Color conversion layers, methods of making color conversion layers, monolithic color, micro-light-emitting diode displays and methods of making monolithic, color, micro-light-emitting diode displays are disclosed.
H01L 25/075 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses , , , , or , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group
A pair of electronic contact lenses comprises a left electronic contact lens and a right electronic contact lens, to be worn on the left and right eyes of a user, respectively. Each electronic contact lens contains a respective electronic payload comprising a set of electronic components. Each of the electronic payloads contains an equivalent layout of electronic components, but are oriented a different rotation angles relative to a reference axis of the respective contact lens, where the reference axis refers to an axis of the contact lens that points in a predetermined direction when the contact lens is worn by the user and the user's head is in an upright position.
The posterior surface of the contact lens (i.e., the surface that faces inwards towards the eye) includes an oxygen-permeable base. The anterior surface of the contact lens includes a cap that also provides oxygen transport. An intermediate structure is formed by a solidification process, such as casting. Once solidified, this element forms an air chamber between the base and the cap. It may also secure the base and the cap. When the electronic contact lens is worn by the user, the cap, air chamber and base provide an oxygen path from the external environment to the user's cornea. The electronic contact lens also contains an electronics payload, some of which may be encapsulated by the solidified structure during the solidification process.
An independent eye-mounted device includes a display that projects pixels onto a retina of a user's eye. The device also includes a memory storing an application, and a processing device coupled to the memory to execute the application. The application populates a canvas with images of rendered graphic objects used by the application. The device further includes a real-time graphics module that, repeatedly and in real-time, transfers the images of the rendered graphic objects from the canvas to the display.
Cadmium-free quantum dots, tunable quantum dots, quantum dot containing polymer, articles, films, and 3D structure containing them and methods of making and using them
Quantum dots that are cadmium-free and/or stoichiometrically tuned are disclosed, as are methods of making them. Inclusion of the quantum dots and others in a stabilizing polymer matrix is also disclosed. The polymers are chosen for their strong binding affinity to the outer layers of the quantum dots such that the bond dissociation energy between the polymer material and the quantum dot is greater than the energy required to reach the melt temperature of the cross-linked polymer.
H01L 33/00 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof
H01L 33/06 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
H01L 33/24 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate of the light emitting region, e.g. non-planar junction
An electronic contact lens. In some embodiments, the electronic contact lens includes: a receiver, including: a voltage-controlled oscillator; a phase-alignment circuit, connected to a control input of the voltage-controlled oscillator; and an offset-compensating circuit, connected to the control input of the voltage-controlled oscillator, the receiver being configured: to operate in: a calibration mode, or an operating mode; and to select, in the calibration mode, an operating-mode setting of the offset-compensating circuit, the selecting including: adjusting the offset-compensating circuit, and monitoring an output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator.
H04L 7/033 - Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal- generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop
24.
Isolation control circuit for an electronic contact lens
An electronic contact lens. In some embodiments, the electronic contact lens includes: a power management circuit; and a first cell, the power management circuit including an active switch, the active switch being configured to isolate the first cell from other contact lens elements when the power management circuit is powered down.
An augmented reality device manages display of an interactive icon in a manner that enables selection by a simple and intuitive gesture. The interactive icon may initially be displayed at a predefined target position outside the fovea where it is visible in the near peripheral vision without being distracting to the user. The augmented reality device may control the icon to behave like a stationary object with respect to changes in orientation until selection or repositioning criteria are met. Upon detection repositioning criteria, the augmented reality device may reposition the icon to the target position. Selection of the icon may control functions such as alerting the user to an available notification, opening or closing a menu, or performing other actions associated with operation of the augmented reality device.
G06F 3/01 - Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
G06F 3/04815 - Interaction with a metaphor-based environment or interaction object displayed as three-dimensional, e.g. changing the user viewpoint with respect to the environment or object
G06F 3/04817 - Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance using icons
G02B 27/00 - Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups ,
Methods of modifying the composition of layers using selectively absorbing films are described. The composition of a layer can be modified by applying a selectively absorbing film in proximity to the applied coating and components of the layer can be selectively removed to provide a modified layers. The methods can be used to increase the concentration of particles in the layer.
H01L 27/15 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, specially adapted for light emission
In one aspect, the LEDs in an LED array include a semiconductor mesa and a ruthenium reflector positioned above the top surface of the semiconductor mesa. Working downwards from the ruthenium reflector, the mesa includes a top p-layer, an active region such as a quantum well region, and a bottom n-layer. The n- and p- layers may be reversed, so that the top layer is an n-layer and the bottom layer is a p-layer. The semiconductor layers have a mesa shape, with a smaller top surface and the ruthenium reflector above that. The sidewalls of the mesa extend downwards and outwards from the top surface.
In one aspect, the LEDs in an LED array include a semiconductor mesa and a ruthenium reflector positioned above the top surface of the semiconductor mesa. Working downwards from the ruthenium reflector, the mesa includes a top p-layer, an active region such as a quantum well region, and a bottom n-layer. The n- and p-layers may be reversed, so that the top layer is an n-layer and the bottom layer is a p-layer. The semiconductor layers have a mesa shape, with a smaller top surface and the ruthenium reflector above that. The sidewalls of the mesa extend downwards and outwards from the top surface.
H10H 20/812 - Bodies having quantum effect structures or superlattices, e.g. tunnel junctions within the light-emitting regions, e.g. having quantum confinement structures
H10H 20/832 - Electrodes characterised by their material
H10H 29/14 - Integrated devices comprising at least one light-emitting semiconductor component covered by group comprising multiple light-emitting semiconductor components
H10H 20/854 - Encapsulations characterised by their material, e.g. epoxy or silicone resins
H01L 33/62 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body, e.g. leadframe, wire-bond or solder balls
H01L 25/075 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses , , , , or , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group
A system and method for authentication. In some embodiments, the method includes displaying a plurality of objects to a user's left eye and to the user's right eye, and monitoring the user's eye positions while the user looks at a subset of the displayed objects, one at a time. The method may further include comparing an angular offset for an object of the plurality of objects to a vergence measured for the user's eyes while the user looks at the object.
Cadmium-free quantum dots, tunable quantum dots, quantum dot containing polymer, articles, films, and 3D structure containing them and methods of making and using them
Quantum dots that are cadmium-free and/or stoichiometncally tuned are disclosed, as are methods of making them. Inclusion of the quantum dots and others in a stabilizing polymer matrix is also disclosed. The polymers are chosen for their strong binding affinity to the outer layers of the quantum dots such that the bond dissociation energy between the polymer material and the quantum dot is greater than the energy required to reach the melt temperature of the cross-linked polymer.
H01L 33/24 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate of the light emitting region, e.g. non-planar junction
H01L 33/06 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
H01L 33/00 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof
C09K 11/00 - Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent, materials
A microbattery uses automated machinery and press-fitting to achieve small sizes. The battery has a case with a width of not more than two mm. The case includes a first terminal and a second terminal. A first electrode is electrically connected to the first terminal of the case. A second electrode includes a conductive lip that makes a press fit contact to the case, whereby the second electrode is electrically connected to the second terminal of the case.
A microbattery uses automated machinery to achieve small sizes. The case includes a first terminal that has a hole. A second terminal is located in the hole of the case and is electrically separated from the first terminal. The battery includes two electrodes (anode and cathode). A first electrode is electrically connected to the first terminal. A pin extends through the hole in the first electrode. The pin is electrically connected on one end to the second terminal and on an opposite end to a second electrode.
A microbattery uses automated machinery to achieve small sizes. In one design, the case includes a first terminal that has a hole. A second terminal is located in the hole of the case and is electrically separated from the first terminal. The battery includes two electrodes (anode and cathode). A first electrode is electrically connected to the first terminal. A pin extends through the hole in the first electrode. The pin is electrically connected on one end to the second terminal and on an opposite end to a second electrode. In another design, a microbattery uses automated machinery and press-fitting to achieve small sizes. The battery has a case with a width of not more than two mm. The case includes a first terminal and a second terminal. A first electrode is electrically connected to the first terminal of the case. A second electrode includes a conductive lip that makes a press fit contact to the case, whereby the second electrode is electrically connected to the second terminal of the case.
Systems and methods for activating a button within a display are described. Embodiments of the invention provide a multi-step activation process using user eye movement within the display. The multi-step activation process comprises displaying an confirmation element in response to a first user gaze at a button. The button is subsequently activated in response to a second user gaze at the confirmation element.
Additional “auxiliary” bumps are used to stabilize alignment and reduce slippage of dense arrays of interconnect bumps on opposing die during a bonding process. One example of auxiliary bumps are interdigitated bumps. Interdigitated bumps are more self-aligning and laterally stable because bumps do not meet head-to-head. Rather, the head of a bump on one die falls into the space between bumps on the other die. Another example of auxiliary bumps are nail bumps. In nail bumps, one bump is harder (the nail) and “drives” into the opposing softer bump during bonding. This constrains the lateral movement of the two bumps relative to each other and reduces lateral slippage. In some embodiments, the auxiliary bumps and interconnect bumps are formed in the same process, and also bonded in the same process.
H01L 29/205 - Semiconductor bodies characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds including two or more compounds in different semiconductor regions
H01L 33/00 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof
H01L 33/62 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body, e.g. leadframe, wire-bond or solder balls
H01L 23/00 - Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
H01L 25/16 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different subclasses of , , , , or , e.g. forming hybrid circuits
37.
Control of an electronic contact lens using pitch-based eye gestures
A system includes an electronic contact lens that can detect eye gestures for initiating various actions. The electronic contact lens includes integrated sensors for obtaining sensor measurements characterizing eye motion. The sensor measurements are processed to detect gestures mapped to specific actions such as changing a power state of the electronic contact lens, activating or deactivating a user interface or other feature, or selecting an item from a virtual menu. The eye gestures may involve the user sequentially stabilizing at a starting pitch, executing a first motion that crosses a first pitch threshold, executing a second motion that crosses a second pitch threshold in an opposite direction from the starting pitch, and stabilizing at an ending pitch.
A system includes an electronic contact lens that can detect eye gestures for initiating various actions. The electronic contact lens includes integrated sensors for obtaining sensor measurements characterizing eye motion. The sensor measurements are processed to detect gestures mapped to specific actions such as changing a power state of the electronic contact lens, activating or deactivating a user interface or other feature, or selecting an item from a virtual menu. The eye gestures may involve the user sequentially performing a first saccade quickly followed by a second saccade in an opposite direction from the first saccade.
A61B 3/02 - Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
A61B 3/10 - Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients perceptions or reactions
A61B 3/117 - Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients perceptions or reactions for examining the anterior chamber or the anterior chamber angle, e.g. gonioscopes
Systems and methods for activating a button within a display are described. Embodiments of the invention provide a multi-step activation process using user eye movement within the display. The multi-step activation process comprises displaying an confirmation element in response to a first user gaze at a button. The button is subsequently activated in response to a second user gaze at the confirmation element.
G06F 3/01 - Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
G06F 3/04817 - Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance using icons
G06F 3/04842 - Selection of displayed objects or displayed text elements
G06F 3/0482 - Interaction with lists of selectable items, e.g. menus
G06F 3/04847 - Interaction techniques to control parameter settings, e.g. interaction with sliders or dials
40.
Estimating a mental state based on sensor measurements from an electronic contact lens
A system includes an electronic contact lens that obtains sensor measurements from integrated motion sensors or other types of sensors and a processing module that estimates a mental state of an individual based on the sensor measurements. The processing module identifies patterns of eye movements and analyzes how these patterns change over time. Based on anatomical relationships between eye movement and mental state, the processing module estimates characteristics of the individual such as fatigue, intoxication, injury, or a medical condition that have known effects on eye movement patterns. The electronic contact lens system generates an output indicative of the estimated mental state to alert the individual to the detected condition or to initiate an automated action.
A display is created using “smart pixels.” A smart pixel is a pixel of a display that integrates the pixel pipeline as part of the pixel, rather than using separate integrated circuits. A smart pixel may be based on an integrated stack that includes light emitting elements, an external data contact for receiving digital data for that pixel, and also the pixel pipeline from the digital data to the light emitting elements.
G09G 3/32 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
H01L 25/065 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses , , , , or , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group
H01L 25/18 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different main groups of the same subclass of , , , , or
H01L 25/00 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices
H01L 27/15 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, specially adapted for light emission
H01L 23/00 - Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
H01L 21/78 - Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
A display is created using "smart pixels." A smart pixel is a pixel of a display that integrates the pixel pipeline as part of the pixel, rather than using separate integrated circuits. A smart pixel may be based on an integrated stack that includes light emitting elements, an external data contact for receiving digital data for that pixel, and also the pixel pipeline from the digital data to the light emitting elements.
G06T 1/20 - Processor architecturesProcessor configuration, e.g. pipelining
G09G 3/3233 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
An electronic contact lens. The electronic contact lens includes an energy storage device and a charging circuit for charging the energy storage device. The electronic contact lens is configured to disable the charging circuit when the contact lens is worn.
H02J 7/02 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
H02J 50/10 - Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
44.
Two-eye tracking based on measurements from a pair of electronic contact lenses
A system includes a pair of electronic contact lenses that obtain respective motion sensor measurements in response to eye movements. A tracking module derives estimated orientations for both eyes based on the sensor measurements and a set of correlations and constraints that describe human eye movement. The model describes the limited number of ways that an individual eye can move and relationships between relative movement of the left and right eye. The tracking module performs filtering based on the measurements and the eye model to suppress noise and generate orientation estimates for both eyes.
A system includes a pair of electronic contact lenses that obtain respective motion sensor measurements in response to eye movements. A tracking module derives estimated orientations for both eyes based on the sensor measurements and a set of correlations and constraints that describe human eye movement. The model describes the limited number of ways that an individual eye can move and relationships between relative movement of the left and right eye. The tracking module performs filtering based on the measurements and the eye model to suppress noise and generate orientation estimates for both eyes.
Advanced display devices are integrated into glasses so that they look and feel more like normal glasses. They are based on pupil replication using multiple, small projectors. A number of projectors are embedded in the eyeglasses, for example embedded in the rim of the eyeglasses or in a periphery of the lens. The projectors generate (partial) images based on a common image to be displayed to the user. These images are optically coupled through the lens, for example using waveguide coupling, to different display windows in the lens. The display windows couple the images out of the lens and towards the user's eye.
Advanced display devices are integrated into glasses so that they look and feel more like normal glasses. They are based on pupil replication using multiple, small projectors. A number of projectors are embedded in the eyeglasses, for example embedded in the rim of the eyeglasses or in a periphery of the lens. The projectors generate (partial) images based on a common image to be displayed to the user. These images are optically coupled through the lens, for example using waveguide coupling, to different display windows in the lens. The display windows couple the images out of the lens and towards the user's eye.
Two, standard dimension, Si wafers, one <111>-oriented and the other <100>-oriented for example, are bonded together to form a two-ply substrate. Such an Si double-wafer substrate is stiffer than either a double-thickness <111>-oriented or <100>-oriented wafer. C-beveling on the two constituent wafers results in a B-bevel edge of the two-ply substrate that does not create stress risers. Also, standard thickness wafers are commercially available. GaN epitaxial layer is then grown on this two-ply substrate.
H01L 33/32 - Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system containing nitrogen
H01L 33/00 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof
H01L 27/15 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, specially adapted for light emission
49.
SILICON DOUBLE-WAFER SUBSTRATES FOR GALLIUM NITRIDE LIGHT EMITTING DIODES
Two, standard dimension, Si wafers, one <11 l>-oriented and the other <100>- oriented for example, are bonded together to form a two-ply substrate. Such an Si double-wafer substrate is stiffer than either a double-thickness <11 l>-oriented or <100>-oriented wafer. C -beveling on the two constituent wafers results in a B-bevel edge of the two-ply substrate that does not create stress risers. Also, standard thickness wafers are commercially available. GaN epitaxial layer is then grown on this two-ply substrate.
A variety of femtoprojector optical systems are described. Each of them can be made small enough to fit in a contact lens using plastic injection molding, diamond turning, photolithography and etching, or other techniques. Most, but not all, of the systems include a solid cylindrical transparent substrate with a curved primary mirror formed on one end and a secondary mirror formed on the other end. Any of the designs may use light blocking, light¬ redirecting, absorbing coatings or other types of baffle structures as needed to reduce stray light.
H01L 25/075 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses , , , , or , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group
H01L 33/62 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body, e.g. leadframe, wire-bond or solder balls
H01L 25/075 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses , , , , or , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group
H01L 33/62 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body, e.g. leadframe, wire-bond or solder balls
An electronic contact lens. In some embodiments, the electronic contact lens includes a radio antenna and radio receiver contained within the contact lens, the receiver comprising antenna impedance matching and in-phase and quadrature signal generation such that signals from the antenna are projected into in-phase and quadrature components before mixing with a local oscillator signal in the receiver. The electronic contact lens may further include electronic circuits contained within the contact lens, the electronic circuits receiving data from the radio receiver.
Authentication of a user is based on an electronic contact lens that contains a retinal scanner. The retinal scanner captures a retinal scan, which is used to authenticate the user (i.e., what a person is). The contact lens itself may also be used in the authentication process (i.e., what a person has). Authentication based on these two factors are used to control access to assets.
In one approach, an LED array uses a combination of a half cavity and straight reflective sidewalls to improve the power distribution so that more light falls within the collection angle of the projection optics. From the bottom upwards, the LEDs in the array include a reflector, a thinner p-layer and a thicker n-layer. An active region (such as quantum wells) between the n-layer and the p-layer generates light. Without additional structures, the generated light would have an isotropic distribution and not much of the light would fall within the collection angle of the projection optics. However, the bottom reflector and p- layer form a half cavity for the light emitted from the active region. This alters the angular power distribution. Straight reflective sidewalls extending from the active region upwards into the n-layer further reflect light from the altered power distribution into the collection angle of the projection optics.
H01L 33/44 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the coatings, e.g. passivation layer or anti-reflective coating
H01L 33/46 - Reflective coating, e.g. dielectric Bragg reflector
H01L 33/18 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous within the light emitting region
H01L 33/08 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a plurality of light emitting regions, e.g. laterally discontinuous light emitting layer or photoluminescent region integrated within the semiconductor body
H01L 33/26 - Materials of the light emitting region
An electronic contact lens. In some embodiments, the electronic contact lens includes a plurality of power-consuming circuits and a power supply circuit. The power supply circuit may be configured to distribute available power among two voltage domains in the electronic contact lens according to changing power requirements within the two voltage domains.
Presented in the present disclosure are system and methods embodiments that allow a user to wear a contact lens that provide a virtual framework for the user to retrieve information from one or more remote cameras and implement remote camera control via eye movement tracked by one or more motion sensors embedded within the contact lens. The remote camera control may include, but not limited to, pan, tilt, and zoom control. A user may activate projection of content captured from a remote camera and control the remote camera via an established communication link. The communication link may be a direct link or indirect link via one or more intermediate devices, e.g., a server and/or an accessory device. This unique way of projection activation and camera control by tracking eye movement provides a convenient and secure way for remote camera control without involvement of hands or voices.
G06F 3/04817 - Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance using icons
58.
Coordinating an eye-mounted imager with an external camera
A small imager mounted on a user's eye (referred to as a femtoimager) is coordinated with an external camera. The femtoimager may be contained in a contact lens, and it may be aligned with the gaze a user's eye. The femtoimager and external camera capture images with overlapping views of the external environment. Images from the two imagers may be compared with one another to estimate the femtoimager's view of the external environment relative to the camera's view of the external environment. This may then be used for different applications.
A substrate carries electrical components. It is bent into a non-planar shape to fit into a contact lens. For example, the substrate may be constructed from a flexible circuit board. The circuit board has certain regions for mounting electrical components. The flexible circuit board is bent into a three-dimensional shape that fits into the contact lens. The regions used to mount electrical components remain flat.
A contact lens having a cap, core, and base forming three layers to allow for the contact lens to be thick enough to accommodate a payload, while ensuring sufficient oxygenation of the wearer's eye. The cap and base are each a thin layer of gas-permeable material, each shaped to form an air gap between them and the core. The two air gaps are connected by air passages that traverse the core. Oxygen from an outside environment passes through the gas-permeable cap to reach the outer air gap, through the air passages to the inner air gap, and through the gas-permeable base to reach the cornea of the wearer's eye. The cap may be annular in form, having a center hole such that the cap does not extend over the central zone of the core, reducing a thickness of the contact lens.
An augmented reality system recognizes objects in a user's environment and operates an electronic contact lens based on the recognition. The electronic contact lens includes an integrated femtoimager that captures images corresponding to the user's gaze direction. The augmented reality system recognizes objects in the images and generates visual information relevant to the recognized objects that is presented using a femtoprojector integrated with the electronic contact lens. The visual information may include virtual control elements that the user can interact with to control smart devices. The augmented reality system can also configure various calibration parameters of the electronic contact lens based on a recognized environment associated with the recognized objects.
An augmented reality system recognizes objects in a user's environment and operates an electronic contact lens based on the recognition. The electronic contact lens includes an integrated femtoimager that captures images corresponding to the user's gaze direction. The augmented reality system recognizes objects in the images and generates visual information relevant to the recognized objects that is presented using a femtoprojector integrated with the electronic contact lens. The visual information may include virtual control elements that the user can interact with to control smart devices. The augmented reality system can also configure various calibration parameters of the electronic contact lens based on a recognized environment associated with the recognized objects.
Small optics (femtooptics) may be made with optical metasurfaces or diffractive surfaces. Baffles may be formed in the femtooptics with through-glass-via techniques or a variety of etching strategies. Femtooptics may in addition be made using wafer stacking techniques. Variations and combinations of these approaches lead to femtooptics manufacturable in vast quantities by semiconductor wafer processing techniques, also referred to as wafer level optics.
A small imager mounted on a user's eye (referred to as a femtoimager) is coordinated with an external camera. The femtoimager may be contained in a contact lens, and it may be aligned with the gaze a user's eye. The femtoimager and external camera capture images with overlapping views of the external environment. Images from the two imagers may be compared with one another to estimate the femtoimager's view of the external environment relative to the camera's view of the external environment. This may then be used for different applications.
An eye-mounted device includes a contact lens that contains a femtoimager and corresponding femtoprojector. The femtoimager captures images of a user's surrounding environment. Images captured by the femtoimager are transmitted to the femtoprojector via a signal path containing digital image processing circuitry to perform one or more image processing functions on the captured images. The image processing circuitry comprises a plurality of filters connected in series and/or parallel that are configurable to implement different types of image processing, depending on the content of the images captured by the femtoimager. Compute approximation and simplification is utilized to reduce the power consumption within the lens. Components outside the contact lens determine the type of image processing, thus reducing power consumption within the contact lens. The femtoprojector then projects the resulting images to the user's retina.
An eye-mounted device includes a contact lens and an embedded imaging system. The front aperture of the imaging system faces away from the user's eye so that the image sensor in the imaging system detects imagery of a user's external environment. The optics for the imaging system has a folded optical path, which is advantageous for fitting the imaging system into the limited space within the contact lens. In one design, the optics for the imaging system is based on a two mirror design, with a concave mirror followed by a convex mirror.
An imaging device contained in a contact lens captures images of the external environment, which for convenience will be referred to as real-world images. These real-world images are used to stabilize images produced by a femtoprojector also in the contact lens. For convenience, the images produced by the femtoprojector will be referred to as augmented reality or AR images. The femtoprojector is inward-facing (i.e., facing towards the interior of the eye) and projects the AR images onto the user's retina, creating the appearance of virtual images in the external environment. The imaging device, referred to as a femtoimager for convenience, is outward-facing and captures a sequence of actual real-world images of the external environment. Because the femtoimager and femtoprojector move together, the real-world images captured by the femtoimager reflect the motion of the virtual AR images from the femtoprojector relative to the external environment.
An augmented reality system determines the position and orientation of an eye. The system includes an electronic contact lens that projects images onto a user's retina. The contact lens includes magnetic sensors. The magnetic sensors detect magnetic fields along one axis, or more than one axis, depending on their configuration. The sensors may be a conductive coil, a solenoid, or a tunneling magnetoresistance device. The sensors detect magnetic fields generated by magnetic sources. The magnetic sources may be collocated, or non-collocated, on a wearable device, a device in the environment, or a secondary electronic device. The sources may have different orientations such that they produce magnetic fields along different axes, and the sensors are configured to independently detect the magnetic fields. The system determines the pose of the eye using a combination of the measurements, and the position and orientation of the sensors and sources.
G06F 3/01 - Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
A61B 3/113 - Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients perceptions or reactions for determining or recording eye movement
An electronic intraocular device is implantable into the capsular bag of a wearer's eye. In some cases, the intraocular device may include a femtoprojector. The femtoprojector projects images onto the wearer's retina when the electronic intraocular device is implanted in the wearer's eye. Different haptic designs may be used to keep the femtoprojector in position. In some embodiments, an imager is contained in a contact lens worn by the wearer. Images captured by the contact lens imager may be relayed to the intraocular femtoprojector. In some cases, the intraocular device may include an electronic capsular tension ring with a femtoimager. The femtoimager may capture images of the wearer's retina, for example for purposes of monitoring eye health.
A61F 9/08 - Devices or methods enabling eye-patients to replace direct visual perception by another kind of perception
A61F 2/14 - Eye parts, e.g. lenses or corneal implantsArtificial eyes
G02B 27/00 - Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups ,
G02B 27/18 - Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups , for optical projection, e.g. combination of mirror and condenser and objective
G03B 17/54 - Details of cameras or camera bodiesAccessories therefor adapted for combination with other photographic or optical apparatus with projector
An electronic intraocular device is implantable into the capsular bag of a wearer's eye. In some cases, the intraocular device may include a femtoprojector. The femtoprojector projects images onto the wearer's retina when the electronic intraocular device is implanted in the wearer's eye. Different haptic designs may be used to keep the femtoprojector in position. In some embodiments, an imager is contained in a contact lens worn by the wearer. Images captured by the contact lens imager may be relayed to the intraocular femtoprojector. In some cases, the intraocular device may include an electronic capsular tension ring with a femtoimager. The femtoimager may capture images of the wearer's retina, for example for purposes of monitoring eye health.
G16H 40/63 - ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilitiesICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation
H04N 9/31 - Projection devices for colour picture display
A61B 3/16 - Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients perceptions or reactions for measuring intraocular pressure, e.g. tonometers
An electronic intraocular device is implantable into the capsular bag of a wearer's eye. In some cases, the intraocular device may include a femtoprojector. The femtoprojector projects images onto the wearer's retina when the electronic intraocular device is implanted in the wearer's eye. Different haptic designs may be used to keep the femtoprojector in position. In some embodiments, an imager is contained in a contact lens worn by the wearer. Images captured by the contact lens imager may be relayed to the intraocular femtoprojector. In some cases, the intraocular device may include an electronic capsular tension ring with a femtoimager. The femtoimager may capture images of the wearer's retina, for example for purposes of monitoring eye health.
G16H 40/63 - ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilitiesICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation
H04N 9/31 - Projection devices for colour picture display
A61B 3/16 - Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients perceptions or reactions for measuring intraocular pressure, e.g. tonometers
An electronic intraocular device is implantable into the capsular bag of a wearer's eye. In some cases, the intraocular device may include a femtoprojector. The femtoprojector projects images onto the wearer's retina when the electronic intraocular device is implanted in the wearer's eye. Different haptic designs may be used to keep the femtoprojector in position. In some embodiments, an imager is contained in a contact lens worn by the wearer. Images captured by the contact lens imager may be relayed to the intraocular femtoprojector. In some cases, the intraocular device may include an electronic capsular tension ring with a femtoimager. The femtoimager may capture images of the wearer's retina, for example for purposes of monitoring eye health.
G16H 40/63 - ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilitiesICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation
An electronic intraocular device is implantable into the capsular bag of a wearer's eye. In some cases, the intraocular device may include a femtoprojector. The femtoprojector projects images onto the wearer's retina when the electronic intraocular device is implanted in the wearer's eye. Different haptic designs may be used to keep the femtoprojector in position. In some embodiments, an imager is contained in a contact lens worn by the wearer. Images captured by the contact lens imager may be relayed to the intraocular femtoprojector. In some cases, the intraocular device may include an electronic capsular tension ring with a femtoimager. The femtoimager may capture images of the wearer's retina, for example for purposes of monitoring eye health.
G16H 40/63 - ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilitiesICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation
H04N 9/31 - Projection devices for colour picture display
A61B 3/16 - Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients perceptions or reactions for measuring intraocular pressure, e.g. tonometers
An unobtrusive augmented reality (AR) system can be used to assist the wearer in every day interactions by projecting information from the contact lens display onto the retina of the wearer's eye. The unobtrusive augmented reality system includes a necklace and a contact lens display that are unobtrusive to the wearer and the wearer's surrounding environment. The necklace of the unobtrusive augmented reality system generates power and data for the contact lens displays. The necklace and contact lens display include conductive coils inductively coupled by a magnetic field. The inductive coupling allows data and power generated by the necklace to be transferred to the contact lens display. A projector in the contact lens display projects images generated from the data onto the retina of the wearers eye.
An eye-mounted device includes a contact lens and an embedded imaging system. The front aperture of the imaging system faces away from the user's eye so that the image sensor in the imaging system detects imagery of a user's external environment. The optics for the imaging system has a folded optical path, which is advantageous for fitting the imaging system into the limited space within the contact lens. In one design, the optics for the imaging system is based on a two mirror design, with a concave mirror followed by a convex mirror.
A variety of femtoprojector optical systems are described. Each of them can be made small enough to fit in a contact lens using plastic injection molding, diamond turning, photolithography and etching, or other techniques. Most, but not all, of the systems include a solid cylindrical transparent substrate with a curved primary mirror formed on one end and a secondary mirror formed on the other end. Any of the designs may use light blocking, light-redirecting, absorbing coatings or other types of baffle structures as needed to reduce stray light.
G02C 7/08 - Auxiliary lensesArrangements for varying focal length
G03B 29/00 - Combinations of cameras, projectors or photographic printing apparatus with non-photographic non-optical apparatus, e.g. clocks or weaponsCameras having the shape of other objects
The present disclosure relates generally to eye-tracking systems and methods that provide a user the ability to efficiently activate the system and select and dismiss virtual objects within an augmented reality (“AR”) and/or virtual reality (“VR”) environment. A user may activate the user interface by glancing beyond an activation threshold positioned close enough to the edge of the field of view to reliably infer an intent to activate the virtual controls. Subsequently, the user interacts with virtual tools, first virtual “peek” windows and secondary virtual windows to obtain content or virtual control across a variety of granular levels. Subsequently, the user may glance away at virtual content or to other predefined areas within their eye's range of motion to dismiss the tool and/or deactivate the system.
G06F 3/00 - Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computerOutput arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
G06F 3/01 - Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
G02C 7/08 - Auxiliary lensesArrangements for varying focal length
In one approach, an LED array uses a combination of a half cavity and straight reflective sidewalls to improve the power distribution so that more light falls within the collection angle of the projection optics. From the bottom upwards, the LEDs in the array include a reflector, a thinner p-layer and a thicker n-layer. An active region (such as quantum wells) between the p-layer and the p-layer generates light. Without additional structures, the generated light would have an isotropic distribution and not much of the light would fall within the collection angle of the projection optics. However, the bottom reflector and p-layer form a half cavity for the light emitted from the active region. This alters the angular power distribution. Straight reflective sidewalls extending from the active region upwards into the n-layer further reflect light from the altered power distribution into the collection angle of the projection optics.
H01L 33/10 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a light reflecting structure, e.g. semiconductor Bragg reflector
H01L 33/62 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body, e.g. leadframe, wire-bond or solder balls
H01L 25/075 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid-state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses , , , , or , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group
79.
Ultra-dense array of LEDs with half cavities and reflective sidewalls, and manufacturing methods
In one approach, an LED array uses a combination of a half cavity and straight reflective sidewalls to improve the power distribution so that more light falls within the collection angle of the projection optics. From the bottom upwards, the LEDs in the array include a reflector, a thinner p-layer and a thicker n-layer. An active region (such as quantum wells) between the p-layer and the p-layer generates light. Without additional structures, the generated light would have an isotropic distribution and not much of the light would fall within the collection angle of the projection optics. However, the bottom reflector and p-layer form a half cavity for the light emitted from the active region. This alters the angular power distribution. Straight reflective sidewalls extending from the active region upwards into the n-layer further reflect light from the altered power distribution into the collection angle of the projection optics.
H01L 27/15 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, specially adapted for light emission
H01L 33/10 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a light reflecting structure, e.g. semiconductor Bragg reflector
H01L 33/08 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a plurality of light emitting regions, e.g. laterally discontinuous light emitting layer or photoluminescent region integrated within the semiconductor body
H01L 33/38 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the electrodes with a particular shape
H01L 33/06 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
H01L 33/00 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof
H01L 33/46 - Reflective coating, e.g. dielectric Bragg reflector
H01L 33/62 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body, e.g. leadframe, wire-bond or solder balls
Quantum dot-based color converters having a high density of sub-pixels are disclosed. The sub-pixels have a high density of quantum dots that provide for high conversion efficiency within small sub-pixel aspect ratios and small volumes. The color converter can be used in optical displays.
H01L 27/32 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including components using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part with components specially adapted for light emission, e.g. flat-panel displays using organic light-emitting diodes
81.
Ultra-dense array of LEDs with half cavities and reflective sidewalls
In one approach, an LED array uses a combination of a half cavity and straight reflective sidewalls to improve the power distribution so that more light falls within the collection angle of the projection optics. From the bottom upwards, the LEDs in the array include a reflector, a thinner p-layer and a thicker n-layer. An active region (such as quantum wells) between the p-layer and the p-layer generates light. Without additional structures, the generated light would have an isotropic distribution and not much of the light would fall within the collection angle of the projection optics. However, the bottom reflector and p-layer form a half cavity for the light emitted from the active region. This alters the angular power distribution. Straight reflective sidewalls extending from the active region upwards into the n-layer further reflect light from the altered power distribution into the collection angle of the projection optics.
H01L 33/10 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a light reflecting structure, e.g. semiconductor Bragg reflector
H01L 33/08 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a plurality of light emitting regions, e.g. laterally discontinuous light emitting layer or photoluminescent region integrated within the semiconductor body
H01L 33/38 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the electrodes with a particular shape
H01L 33/06 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
H01L 27/15 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, specially adapted for light emission
H01L 33/00 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof
H01L 33/46 - Reflective coating, e.g. dielectric Bragg reflector
H01L 33/62 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the semiconductor body, e.g. leadframe, wire-bond or solder balls
Quantum dot-based color converters having a high density of sub-pixels. The sub-pixels have a high density of quantum dots that provide for high conversion efficiency within small sub-pixel aspect ratios and small volumes. The color converter can be used in optical displays.
H01L 27/15 - Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, specially adapted for light emission
H01L 33/06 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction within the light emitting region, e.g. quantum confinement structure or tunnel barrier
83.
Oxygen permeable scleral contact lenses using patterned air cavities
A contact lens has a core thick enough to accommodate a payload. The lens further has outer and inner coverings that cover parts of the core. Each covering is a thin layer of gas-permeable material shaped to form a respective cavity between the covering and the core. Oxygen passes through the outer covering to the outer cavity, through an air path within the core to the inner cavity, and through the inner covering to reach the cornea of the wearer's eye. To increase oxygen flow, a patterned structure is formed at an interface between the core and at least one of the outer and inner covering, comprising supports at which the core and covering contact, and recesses forming the cavity between the core and covering for oxygen flow. Because each recess spans only a short distance between supports, portions of the covering may be made thinner to improve oxygen flow.
Operation of an electronic contact lens takes into account saccadic motion of the eye and reduced visual perception during saccades (saccadic suppression). The user's eye motion is tracked, and onset of a saccade is detected based on the eye's motion. For example, saccades may be detected when the eye's acceleration or jerk exceeds a threshold. The endpoint of the saccade is then predicted in real-time while the saccade is still occurring. This may be the temporal endpoint (i.e., when the saccade ends) and/or the positional endpoint (i.e., the eye position at the end of the saccade). Operation of the electronic contact lens is adjusted based on the predicted endpoint.
G02B 27/00 - Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups ,
G02B 1/04 - Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are madeOptical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
G02C 7/08 - Auxiliary lensesArrangements for varying focal length
Operation of an electronic contact lens takes into account saccadic motion of the eye and reduced visual perception during saccades (saccadic suppression). The user's eye motion is tracked, and onset of a saccade is detected based on the eye's motion. For example, saccades may be detected when the eye's acceleration or jerk exceeds a threshold. The endpoint of the saccade is then predicted in real-time while the saccade is still occurring. This may be the temporal endpoint (i.e., when the saccade ends) and/or the positional endpoint (i.e., the eye position at the end of the saccade). Operation of the electronic contact lens is adjusted based on the predicted endpoint.
G02B 27/00 - Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups ,
G02B 1/04 - Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are madeOptical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
G02C 7/08 - Auxiliary lensesArrangements for varying focal length
A contact lens has a core thick enough to accommodate a payload. The lens further has outer and inner coverings that cover parts of the core. Each covering is a thin layer of gas-permeable material shaped to form a respective cavity between the covering and the core. Oxygen passes through the outer covering to the outer cavity, through an air path within the core to the inner cavity, and through the inner covering to reach the cornea of the wearer's eye. To increase oxygen flow, a patterned structure is formed at an interface between the core and at least one of the outer and inner covering, comprising supports at which the core and covering contact, and recesses forming the cavity between the core and covering for oxygen flow. The outer and inner coverings may be made from different types of gas-permeable materials having different levels of gas-permeability and brittleness.
G02B 1/04 - Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are madeOptical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
87.
EYE-BASED ACTIVATION AND TOOL SELECTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS
Presented are eye-controlled user-machine interaction systems and methods that, based on input variables that comprise orientation and motion of an electronic contact lens, assist the wearer of the contact lens carrying a femtoprojector to control and navigate a virtual scene that may be superimposed onto the real-world environment. Various embodiments provide for smooth, intuitive, and naturally flowing eye-controlled, interactive operations between the wearer and a virtual environment. In certain embodiments, eye motion information is used to wake a smart electronic contact lens, activate tools in a virtual scene, or any combination thereof without the need for blinking, winking, hand gestures, and use of buttons.
G06F 3/0484 - Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
Described herein are systems and methods that allow for secure wireless communication between a contact lens system and an accessory device to protect sensitive data and prevent unauthorized access to confidential information. In certain embodiments, tampering attempts by potential attackers are thwarted by using a Physically Unclonable Functions (PUF) circuit that is immune to reverse engineering. In addition, sensors monitor a to-be-protected electronic device to detect tampering attempts and physical attacks to ensure the physical integrity of the communication system.
H04L 9/06 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for blockwise coding, e.g. D.E.S. systems
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communicationsNetwork security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
G06F 21/62 - Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules
A contact lens battery management system (BMS) monitors battery health in an electronic contact lens. A battery made with high-internal-resistance cells is coupled on a cell-by-cell basis to input switches of a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) that monitors, detects, and isolates faulty circuit components.
H01M 50/247 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders specially adapted for portable devices, e.g. mobile phones, computers, hand tools or pacemakers
Humans may exhibit characteristic patterns of eye movements when looking at specific objects. For example, when a person looks at the face of another person, their eyes exhibit a certain pattern of movements and saccades as they look at the face. An electronic contact lens includes eye tracking sensors and an outward looking imaging system that may capture images of the user's environment. When the eye tracking sensors detect the pattern of eye movements characteristic of looking at a face, the imaging system becomes active and captures images and performs facial recognition to identify the face using the captured images. The results of the facial recognition may be displayed to the user using a projector of the electronic contact lens.
G09G 5/00 - Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
G06F 3/01 - Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
G06K 9/00 - Methods or arrangements for reading or recognising printed or written characters or for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints
H04N 5/232 - Devices for controlling television cameras, e.g. remote control
G08B 7/06 - Signalling systems according to more than one of groups Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups using electric transmission
A contact lens comprises a variable focal length lens embedded within the contact lens and a plurality of oxygen channels extending from an oxygen-permeable outer layer of the contact lens to an oxygen-permeable inner layer of the contact lens. The variable focal length lens is embedded within a non-oxygen-permeable core layer of the contact lens. The contact lens comprises a controller configured to change the operating mode of the contact lens by adjusting the focal distance of the variable focal length lens, for instance in response to an input from a user or in response to determining that the user is looking at a nearby object. For instance, the controller can configure the contact lens to operate in a reading mode or in a normal focus mode.
G02F 1/29 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
G06F 3/01 - Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
92.
Electronics assembly for use in electronic contact lens
A substrate carries electrical components. It is bent into a non-planar shape to fit into a contact lens. For example, the substrate may be constructed from a flexible circuit board. The circuit board has certain regions for mounting electrical components. The flexible circuit board is bent into a three-dimensional shape that fits into the contact lens. The regions used to mount electrical components remain flat.
A substrate carries electrical components. It is bent into a non-planar shape to fit into a contact lens. For example, the substrate may be constructed from a flexible circuit board. The circuit board has certain regions for mounting electrical components. The flexible circuit board is bent into a three-dimensional shape that fits into the contact lens. The regions used to mount electrical components remain flat.
A61B 3/113 - Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients perceptions or reactions for determining or recording eye movement
G02B 26/08 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
Ocular devices worn on the eye and through-body communication networks for communicating with an ocular device and other devices interconnected to the through-body communication network are disclosed. Devices and networks for using the body to communication between an ocular device and an on-body and off-body communication networks are disclosed. An ocular device includes electrodes configured to be electrically coupled to the body through tear fluid of the eye when worn on the eye of a user. Electrodes interconnected to the body establish communication with on-body network devices and off-body network devices.
A transmitter coil inductively couples to a receiver coil contained in a contact lens. In one approach, the transmitter coil is contained in a headgear, for example a head band. When the user wears the headgear, the transmitter coil is positioned on a side of the user's head and between the user's ear and the user's eye opening. In one implementation, a head band loops from one ear behind the user's head to the other ear, and also extends slightly forward of each ear. The transmitter coil(s) may be located in the portion of the headband that extends forward of each ear. This places the transmitter coil close to the receiver coil, typically within 40-50 mm of the user's eye opening, while still maintaining an unobtrusive aesthetic.
H02J 50/70 - Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
A61B 5/00 - Measuring for diagnostic purposes Identification of persons
H02J 7/02 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
96.
Through-body ocular communication devices, networks, and methods of use
Ocular devices worn on the eye and through-body communication networks for communicating with an ocular device and other devices interconnected to the through-body communication network are disclosed. Devices and networks for using the body to communication between an ocular device and an on-body and off-body communication networks are disclosed. An ocular device includes electrodes configured to be electrically coupled to the body through tear fluid of the eye when worn on the eye of a user. Electrodes interconnected to the body establish communication with on-body network devices and off-body network devices.
G02B 1/04 - Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are madeOptical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
Described herein are eye-controlled user-machine interaction systems and methods that, based on input variables that comprise orientation and motion of an eye-mounted display (EMD), assist the wearer of a contact lens carrying the EMD to control and navigate a virtual scene that may be superimposed onto the real-world environment. Various embodiments of the invention provide for smooth, intuitive, and naturally flowing eye-controlled, interactive operations between the wearer and a virtual environment. In certain embodiments, this is accomplished by revealing layers of virtual objects and content based on eye-tracking and other motion information.
G06F 3/01 - Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
G06F 3/04815 - Interaction with a metaphor-based environment or interaction object displayed as three-dimensional, e.g. changing the user viewpoint with respect to the environment or object
Presented are eye-controlled user-machine interaction systems and methods that, based on input variables that comprise orientation and motion of an electronic contact lens, assist the wearer of the contact lens carrying a femtoprojector to control and navigate a virtual scene that may be superimposed onto the real-world environment. Various embodiments provide for smooth, intuitive, and naturally flowing eye-controlled, interactive operations between the wearer and a virtual environment. In certain embodiments, eye motion information is used to wake a smart electronic contact lens, activate tools in a virtual scene, or any combination thereof without the need for blinking, winking, hand gestures, and use of buttons.
G06F 3/01 - Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
G06T 19/00 - Manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
G06F 3/0481 - Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
99.
Headgear providing inductive coupling to a contact lens, with controller
A transmitter coil inductively couples to a receiver coil contained in a contact lens. In one approach, the transmitter coil is contained in a headgear, for example a head band. When the user wears the headgear, the transmitter coil is positioned on a side of the user's head and between the user's ear and the user's eye opening. In one implementation, a head band loops from one ear behind the user's head to the other ear, and also extends slightly forward of each ear. The transmitter coil(s) may be located in the portion of the headband that extends forward of each ear. This places the transmitter coil close to the receiver coil, typically within 40-50 mm of the user's eye opening, while still maintaining an unobtrusive aesthetic.
H02J 7/02 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
100.
Ultra-dense LED projector using thinned gallium nitride
A small projector uses an ultra-dense array of gallium nitride (GaN) LEDs. However, epitaxial growth of GaN typically produces a GaN region that is 5 um or thicker. To achieve high pixel density, the LEDs have small area, so the resulting LED structures are tall and skinny. This is undesirable because it makes further processing more difficult and has higher optical losses. As a result, it is beneficial to reduce the thickness of the GaN region. In one approach, a wafer with the GaN region on substrate is bonded to a backplane wafer containing LED driver circuits. The substrate is then separated from the GaN region, exposing a buffer layer of the GaN region. The GaN region is thinned and then patterned into individual LEDs. Typically, the buffer layer is removed entirely.
H01L 33/44 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by the coatings, e.g. passivation layer or anti-reflective coating
