Systems, methods, and apparatus are contemplated in which a tube cell that produces a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is individually configured to minimize the mixing of unwanted byproducts of the generated plasma with an exhaust air stream. The tube cell generates a DBD within a tube cell, such that oxidants or radicals are generated in an environment substantially separated from the exhaust stream. The generated oxidants are directed to intersect with the exhaust stream to minimize the generation of unwanted byproducts. The tube cells are further shaped and arranged in tube cell arrays to alter the flow dynamics of the exhaust stream and the oxidant or radical streams, including mixing of the streams.
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
B01D 53/94 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
F01N 3/05 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air
F01N 3/08 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
Disclosed are systems, methods, and devices for generating radicals in an air stream at the intake of an internal combustion engine, as well as increasing the thrust of such air streams into the engine. A plasma generator including plasma actuators, dielectric barrier discharge electrodes, or both is positioned in the intake stream. Plasma actuators are disposed on the interior surface of the plasma generator, exposed to the intake stream. Dielectric barrier discharge electrodes protrude into the intake air stream. Plasma, preferably DBD plasma, glow plasma, or filamentary plasma, is generated in the air intake stream, creating radicals in the stream, mixing the radicals in the stream, and reducing drag while increasing thrust of air in the intake stream. A concentric cylinder can be further disposed in the plasma generator, with further plasma actuators, dielectric barrier discharge electrodes, or both, on the interior and exterior surfaces of the cylinder.
F02M 27/04 - Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sonic waves, or the like by electric means or magnetism
Disclosed are systems, methods, and devices for generating radicals in an air stream at the intake of an internal combustion engine, as well as increasing the thrust of such air streams into the engine. A plasma generator including plasma actuators, dielectric barrier discharge electrodes, or both is positioned in the intake stream. Plasma actuators are disposed on the interior surface of the plasma generator, exposed to the intake stream. Dielectric barrier discharge electrodes protrude into the intake air stream. Plasma, preferably DBD plasma, glow plasma, or filamentary plasma, is generated in the air intake stream, creating radicals in the stream, mixing the radicals in the stream, and reducing drag while increasing thrust of air in the intake stream. A concentric cylinder can be further disposed in the plasma generator, with further plasma actuators, dielectric barrier discharge electrodes, or both, on the interior and exterior surfaces of the cylinder.
F02M 27/04 - Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sonic waves, or the like by electric means or magnetism
Systems, methods, and apparatus are contemplated in which a tube cell that produces a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is individually configured to minimize the mixing of unwanted byproducts of the generated plasma with an exhaust air stream. The tube cell generates a DBD within a tube cell, such that oxidants or radicals are generated in an environment substantially separated from the exhaust stream. The generated oxidants are directed to intersect with the exhaust stream to minimize the generation of unwanted byproducts. The tube cells are further shaped and arranged in tube cell arrays to alter the flow dynamics of the exhaust stream and the oxidant or radical streams, including mixing of the streams.
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
F01N 3/08 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
B01D 53/94 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
F01N 3/05 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air
Disclosed are systems, methods, and devices for generating radicals in an air stream at the intake of an internal combustion engine, as well as increasing the thrust of such air streams into the engine. A plasma generator including plasma actuators, dielectric barrier discharge electrodes, or both is positioned in the intake stream. Plasma actuators are disposed on the interior surface of the plasma generator, exposed to the intake stream. Dielectric barrier discharge electrodes protrude into the intake air stream. Plasma, preferably DBD plasma, glow plasma, or filamentary plasma, is generated in the air intake stream, creating radicals in the stream, mixing the radicals in the stream, and reducing drag while increasing thrust of air in the intake stream. A concentric cylinder can be further disposed in the plasma generator, with further plasma actuators, dielectric barrier discharge electrodes, or both, on the interior and exterior surfaces of the cylinder.
F02M 27/04 - Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sonic waves, or the like by electric means or magnetism
Systems, methods, and apparatus are contemplated in which a tube cell that produces a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is individually configured to minimize the mixing of unwanted byproducts of the generated plasma with an exhaust air stream. The tube cell generates a DBD within a tube cell, such that oxidants or radicals are generated in an environment substantially separated from the exhaust stream. The generated oxidants are directed to intersect with the exhaust stream to minimize the generation of unwanted byproducts. The tube cells are further shaped and arranged in tube cell arrays to alter the flow dynamics of the exhaust stream and the oxidant or radical streams, including mixing of the streams.
F01N 3/08 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
B01D 53/94 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
F01N 3/05 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air
Disclosed are systems, methods, and devices for generating radicals in an air stream at the intake of an internal combustion engine, as well as increasing the thrust of such air streams into the engine. A plasma generator including plasma actuators, dielectric barrier discharge electrodes, or both is positioned in the intake stream. Plasma actuators are disposed on the interior surface of the plasma generator, exposed to the intake stream. Dielectric barrier discharge electrodes protrude into the intake air stream. Plasma, preferably DBD plasma, glow plasma, or filamentary plasma, is generated in the air intake stream, creating radicals in the stream, mixing the radicals in the stream, and reducing drag while increasing thrust of air in the intake stream. A concentric cylinder can be further disposed in the plasma generator, with further plasma actuators, dielectric barrier discharge electrodes, or both, on the interior and exterior surfaces of the cylinder.
F02M 27/04 - Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sonic waves, or the like by electric means or magnetism
Systems, methods, and apparatus are contemplated in which a tube cell that produces a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is individually configured to minimize the mixing of unwanted byproducts of the generated plasma with an exhaust air stream. The tube cell generates a DBD within a tube cell, such that oxidants or radicals are generated in an environment substantially separated from the exhaust stream. The generated oxidants are directed to intersect with the exhaust stream to minimize the generation of unwanted byproducts. The tube cells are further shaped and arranged in tube cell arrays to alter the flow dynamics of the exhaust stream and the oxidant or radical streams, including mixing of the streams.
F01N 3/08 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
B01D 53/32 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group
Fuel efficiency in a combustion engine is increased by treating the fuel in a reaction chamber prior to delivering the fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine. The method includes the step of entraining a stream of exhaust gas to travel upstream through the reactor chamber in a first flow pattern. The method also includes the step of entraining a stream of fuel to travel downstream through the reactor chamber in a second flow pattern, where at least one of the first and second flow patterns comprises a structured turbulent flow.
F01N 3/00 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
F01N 3/10 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
F01N 5/02 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
F02M 27/00 - Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sonic waves, or the like
F02G 5/02 - Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
F02B 51/04 - Other methods of operating engines involving pre-treating of, or adding substances to, combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture of the engines involving electricity or magnetism
F02M 27/04 - Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sonic waves, or the like by electric means or magnetism
F02M 27/02 - Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sonic waves, or the like by catalysts
F02M 31/08 - Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating combustion-air or fuel-air mixture by hot gases, e.g. by mixing cold and hot air the gases being exhaust gases
F02M 31/18 - Other apparatus for heating fuel to vaporise fuel
F01N 13/08 - Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
The inventive subject matter provides apparatus, systems and methods for treating and delivering a fuel to a combustion chamber of an engine in order to improve efficiency of the engine. In one aspect of the invention, a fuel injector that cooperates with an internal combustion engine to combust a first fuel to produce power is presented. The fuel injector includes a fuel inlet, a pre-conditioning vortex chamber, and an excitation chamber. The fuel injector includes a vortex chamber that conforms a pulsed amount of the first fuel to produce a vortex that includes a coherent dynamic pressure wave. The fuel injector also includes an excitation mechanism that at least partially ignites the fuel.
F02B 23/04 - Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being subdivided into two or more chambers
F02M 61/16 - Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups
F02B 19/16 - Chamber shapes or constructions not specific to groups
F02M 61/18 - Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve-seats
F02M 57/00 - Fuel injectors combined or associated with other devices
F02M 57/06 - Fuel injectors combined or associated with other devices the devices being sparking-plugs
F02M 61/06 - Fuel injectors not provided for in groups or having valves the valves being furnished at seated ends with pintle- or plug-shaped extensions
F02P 23/04 - Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
F02B 31/04 - Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder by means within the induction channel, e.g. deflectors
F02B 19/10 - Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
F02B 17/00 - Engines characterised by means for effecting stratification of charge in cylinders
F02B 19/14 - Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with compression ignition
F02D 41/00 - Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
11.
Coherent-structure fuel treatment systems and methods
Fuel efficiency in a combustion engine is increased by treating the fuel in a reaction chamber prior to delivering the fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine. The method includes the step of entraining a stream of exhaust gas to travel upstream through the reactor chamber in a first flow pattern. The method also includes the step of entraining a stream of fuel to travel downstream through the reactor chamber in a second flow pattern, where at least one of the first and second flow patterns comprises a structured turbulent flow.
F02B 51/00 - Other methods of operating engines involving pre-treating of, or adding substances to, combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture of the engines
F02M 27/00 - Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sonic waves, or the like
F02G 5/00 - Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
F01N 3/10 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
F01N 3/00 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
F01N 5/02 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
F02G 5/02 - Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
F02B 51/04 - Other methods of operating engines involving pre-treating of, or adding substances to, combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture of the engines involving electricity or magnetism
F02M 27/04 - Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sonic waves, or the like by electric means or magnetism
The inventive subject matter provides apparatus, systems and methods for treating a fuel prior to ignition in a combustion engine in order to improve efficiency. In one aspect of the invention a throttle valve system that entrains a flow of gas, which can include a fuel, into a structured flow pattern via the inclusion of topological on a surface of the valve body and/or the flow chamber. The topological features can be arranged in a pattern configured to produce movement and/or structured turbulence in a stream of gas that is introduced to the throttle valve. An excitation source that ionizes or cracks species in the gas stream can be optionally utilized.
F02B 27/02 - Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means
F02B 31/04 - Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder by means within the induction channel, e.g. deflectors
F02M 9/12 - Carburettors having air or fuel-air mixture passage throttling valves other than of butterfly typeCarburettors having fuel-air mixing chambers of variable shape or position having other specific means for controlling the passage, or for varying cross-sectional area, of fuel-air mixing chambers
F02M 29/06 - Apparatus for re-atomising condensed fuel or homogenising fuel-air mixture having screens, gratings, baffles or the like generating whirling motion of mixture
F02D 9/12 - Throttle valves specially adapted thereforArrangements of such valves in conduits having slidably-mounted valve-membersThrottle valves specially adapted thereforArrangements of such valves in conduits having valve-members movable longitudinally of conduit
F02M 17/10 - Carburettors having one or more fuel passages opening in valve-member of air throttle
F02M 27/04 - Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sonic waves, or the like by electric means or magnetism
13.
Coherent-structure fuel treatment systems and methods
Fuel efficiency in a combustion engine is increased by treating the fuel in a reaction chamber prior to delivering the fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine. The method includes the step of entraining a stream of exhaust gas to travel upstream through the reactor chamber in a first flow pattern. The method also includes the step of entraining a stream of fuel to travel downstream through the reactor chamber in a second flow pattern, where at least one of the first and second flow patterns comprises a structured turbulent flow.
F02B 51/00 - Other methods of operating engines involving pre-treating of, or adding substances to, combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture of the engines
F02M 27/00 - Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sonic waves, or the like
F02G 5/00 - Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
The inventive subject matter provides apparatus, systems and methods for treating and delivering a fuel to a combustion chamber of an engine in order to improve efficiency of the engine. In one aspect of the invention, a fuel injector that cooperates with an internal combustion engine to combust a first fuel to produce power is presented. The fuel injector includes a fuel inlet, a pre-conditioning vortex chamber, and an excitation chamber. The fuel injector includes a vortex chamber that conforms a pulsed amount of the first fuel to produce a vortex that includes a coherent dynamic pressure wave. The fuel injector also includes an excitation mechanism that at least partially ignites the fuel.
patents