The present disclosure relates to an aircraft and to a method using this aircraft to inspect equipment in coking plants for detecting sources of error. The aircraft has at least one inspection device for inspecting surfaces of the equipment that are to be inspected, and an airspace, distanced from one of the surfaces to be inspected, and at least one transmitting and receiving device for data communication with at least other aircraft or at least one external analysis device for detecting the sources of error. The method comprises converting the detected phototechnical and optical data, in particular 2D data, into a 3D thermal point cloud by means of a conversion unit of the analysis device.
The invention relates to a facility for thermally treating a mineral substance, wherein the facility has a device for a thermal treatment 12, and the facility has a combustion chamber 20. The combustion chamber 20 is connected to the device for a thermal treatment 12 in order to transfer the combustion gases, the combustion chamber 20 has a solids discharge, and the device for a thermal treatment 12 has a fuel supply device. The invention is characterized in that the solids discharge of the combustion chamber 20 is connected to a comminuting device, and the comminuting device is connected to the fuel supply device.
The present invention relates to a method for producing thermally treated clays in a calciner (10), wherein the pollutants escaping during the heating of the clay are thermally converted in the calciner (10).
The present invention relates to a process for producing vinyl chloride by catalytic thermal cracking of 1,2-dichloroethane, in which the heat required for the thermal cracking is supplied via a liquid or condensing heat carrier medium (4), wherein, in accordance with the invention, the heat carrier medium (4) is heated at least partly by means of the thermal energy obtained when hydrogen (10), ammonia (11) or a hydrogen-ammonia mixture is oxidized. The invention further provides a plant for production of vinyl chloride by catalytic thermal cracking of 1,2-dichloroethane, comprising at least one reactor (1) in which the thermal cracking takes place and at least one first heating apparatus (6) by means of which the reaction medium (13) in the reactor (1) is heated by the heat carrier medium (4), wherein the at least one first heating apparatus (6) is designed to conduct an oxidation of hydrogen (10) and/or ammonia (11), for example a combustion of hydrogen (10) and/or ammonia (11), thereby generating thermal energy by means of which the heat carrier medium (4) can be heated.
COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES (France)
Inventor
Heraud, Jean-Philippe
Kalaydjian, François
Pires Da Cruz, Antonio
Hequet, Michael
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for converting a feedstock comprising at least one biomass fraction into hydrocarbons, the method comprising a step a) of pretreating the feedstock; a water electrolysis step b) for obtaining a stream of hydrogen and a stream of oxygen, wherein the water is at least partially produced by means of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis carried out in step e); a step c) of gasifying the feedstock pretreated in step a) in the presence of all or some of the stream of oxygen from the water electrolysis step b) so as to obtain a gaseous effluent comprising a synthesis gas; an optional step d) of conditioning the gaseous effluent comprising a synthesis gas from step c); and a step e) of synthesising, by means of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the gaseous effluent from step c) or, optionally, from step d) in the presence of all or some of the hydrogen from the water electrolysis step b) so as to produce a stream comprising synthesis liquid hydrocarbons and at least one gaseous effluent.
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
C10K 1/34 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by catalytic conversion of impurities to more readily removable materials
C10K 1/10 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
6.
METHOD FOR OPERATING A NITRIC ACID PLANT AND NITRIC ACID PLANT
The invention relates to a method for starting a nitric acid plant (1), wherein: at least one operating point is approached on the basis of a process pressure and a volume flow of the nitric acid plant; at least part of the process pressure is adjusted via at least one exhaust gas expander (2); and at least part of the volume flow is adjusted via at least one compressor (3). The method, which significantly simplifies start-up in comparison with the state of the art, is characterised in that, for permitted operating points, a lower limit (4) is defined on the basis of pressure and volume flow and an upper limit (5) is defined on the basis of pressure and volume flow, and in that a signal is provided when the lower limit (4) or the upper limit (5) has been reached during the adjustment of the pressure and/or the volume flow.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING PHOSPHORIC ACID AND CALCIUM SULPHATE QUALITY SUITABLE FOR A CLINKER PROCESS FOR THE COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL UTILIZATION OF CALCIUM SULPHATE
A process may involve digesting raw phosphate with concentrated sulfuric acid and converting the raw phosphate to calcium sulfate in the form of dihydrate and/or hemihydrate, and phosphoric acid, separating off calcium sulfate as solid from a liquid phase of a suspension that is obtained, treating the calcium sulfate that is separated off or from a stockpile with an acid to give a suspension with purified calcium sulfate and P2O5-containing acid solution, separating off the purified calcium sulfate as solid from a liquid phase of a suspension obtained, using the P2O5-containing liquid phase as a portion of the sulfuric acid required for digesting the raw phosphate or as feedstock for treating phosphogypsum from the stockpile to give a suspension of purified calcium sulfate and P2O5-containing acid solution, which is thereafter processed.
C01B 25/232 - Preparation by reacting phosphate containing material with concentrated sulfuric acid and subsequently lixiviating the obtained mass, e.g. clincker process
The invention relates to a method for preparing 1,2-dichloroethane from ethylene and chlorine and for water desalination, wherein the respective processes are carried out in thermally intercoupled plant parts so that heat from the reaction of ethylene with chlorine can be used as a source of energy for the water desalination. Due to the coupled water desalination process, this heat can be used to a large extent. The present invention also relates to plants designed to carry out such methods and to the use of heat from a method for preparing 1,2-dichloroethane from ethylene and chlorine to heat water to be treated in a water desalination process.
The invention relates to a combined system for producing a urea forming material. The combined system has at least one urea synthesizing device (1) and a urea forming device (2), and the combined system has a process condensate cleaning device (10), wherein the process condensate cleaning device (10) is designed to separate ammonia and urea from the process condensate of the urea synthesizing device (1), and the combined system has a formation exhaust air scrubbing device (4). The invention is characterized in that the combined system additionally has a coarse process condensate cleaning device (20) in addition to the process condensate cleaning device (10). The urea synthesizing device (1) is connected to the process condensate cleaning device (10) and the coarse process condensate cleaning device (20) in order to transfer process condensate, and the coarse process condensate cleaning device (20) is connected to the formation exhaust air scrubbing device (4).
C07C 273/04 - Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
C02F 1/02 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
C02F 1/10 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
C02F 1/20 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
C02F 103/36 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the chemical industry not provided for in groups from the manufacture of organic compounds
The present invention relates to a system for the synthesis of ammonia, wherein the system comprises at least one first electrochemical ammonia synthesis device (20) for generating a gas mixture that consists of ammonia, hydrogen and nitrogen, and a converter (40) for generating ammonia, said device also having a recirculatory system, wherein a first ammonia separator (30) is located between the at least one first electrochemical ammonia synthesis device (20) and the converter (40).
The present invention relates to a nitric acid plant (S) for producing nitric acid, comprising a machinery train (M) with a drive device (2), in particular a steam turbine or an electric motor or possibly a gas turbine, an air compressor (1), a nitrous-gas compressor (3) and a gas expander (4), wherein the machinery train is a single-shaft machine, wherein the air compressor (1) is a compressor with an axial inlet (11) or an axial outlet (12), which is arranged at the end of the machinery train (M), and/or the gas expander (4) is formed with an axial inlet (41) or an axial outlet (42) and/or the nitrous-gas compressor (3) is formed with an axial inlet or an axial outlet.
The present invention relates to a process for producing hydrogen by cracking ammonia, in which process ammonia is cracked into hydrogen and nitrogen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein, without an upstream non-catalytic oxidation, in the absence of an oxidising agent, the cracking of the ammonia takes place only by adding heat in the presence of the catalyst. According to one of a plurality of alternatively possible process variants, the cracking of the ammonia is carried out in a reactor (18) similar to a primary reformer, wherein the catalyst is arranged in at least one tube through which ammonia flows. In the combustion chamber of the reactor (18), preferably a mixture of ammonia and hydrogen is combusted, wherein the nitrogen formed in the reaction is an inert component which acts as an additional heat transfer medium. A mixture of hydrogen and ammonia is advantageous because it has a medium flame temperature, better combustion properties than pure ammonia, and, depending on the mixture ratio, it emits less NOx than the two pure substances.
The present invention relates to a system for the synthesis of ammonia, wherein the system comprises at least one reformer for converting a hydrocarbon to hydrogen, wherein the system comprises a converter (50) for converting hydrogen and nitrogen to ammonia, wherein the converter (50) is integrated in a recirculatory system (100), wherein a first carbon dioxide separator (40) is located between the reformer and the recirculatory system (100), and the recirculatory system (100) comprises an ammonia separator (70).
C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
The present invention relates to an apparatus for the synthesis of ammonia, wherein at least some of the gases produced on the burner side of the primary reformer are used as reactants.
C01B 3/02 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
C07C 29/151 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide separation device (10), wherein: the carbon dioxide separation device (10) comprises an absorption device (20) and a desorption device (30); the absorption device (20) comprises a gas inlet (21) for the gas to be purified and a gas outlet (22) for the purified gas; the absorption device (20) comprises an absorption solvent inlet (23) and a solution outlet (24); the desorption device (30) comprises at least a first solution inlet (31), an absorption solvent outlet (32), a hot solvent inlet (33) and a carbon dioxide outlet (34); the solution outlet (24) is connected to the first solution inlet (31) by means of a first solution connection (40); the first solution connection (40) comprises a first heat exchanger (41); the absorption solvent outlet (32) is connected to the absorption solvent inlet (23) by means of an absorption solvent connection (50); the absorption solvent connection (50) comprises the first heat exchanger (41) so that the heat from the solvent flow is transferred to the solution flow; the absorption solvent connection (50) comprises a branch (51) to a hot solvent connection (52); the hot solvent connection (52) is connected to the hot solvent inlet (33); and the hot solvent connection comprises a second heat exchanger (53), characterised in that the pressure of the solvent in the second heat exchanger (53) is by (0.2 bar) to (5 bar) higher than the pressure in the desorption device (30) at the absorption solvent outlet (32).
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide separation apparatus (10), wherein: the carbon dioxide separation apparatus (10) has an absorption apparatus (20) and a desorption apparatus (30); the absorption apparatus (20) has a gas inlet (21) for the gas to be purified and has a gas outlet (22) for the purified gas; the absorption apparatus (20) has an absorption solvent inlet (23) and a solution outlet (24); the desorption apparatus (30) has at least a first solution inlet (31), an absorption solvent outlet (32), a warm solvent inlet (33) and a carbon dioxide outlet (34); the solution outlet (24) is connected to the first solution inlet (31) via a first solution connection (40); the first solution connection (40) has a first heat exchanger (41); the absorption solvent outlet (32) is connected to the absorption solvent inlet (23) via an absorption solvent connection (50); the absorption solvent connection (50) has the first heat exchanger (41), such that the heat of the solvent flow is transferred to the solution flow; the absorption solvent connection (50) has a branching point (51) to a warm solvent connection (52); the warm solvent connection (52) is connected to the warm solvent inlet (33); the warm solvent connection has a second heat exchanger (53).
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
17.
METHOD FOR OPERATING AN AMMONIA PLANT, AND PLANT FOR PRODUCING AMMONIA
The invention relates to a method for operating an ammonia plant (1), wherein: a gas mixture comprising nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia is cyclically conveyed in a synthesis circuit (3) by a conveying device (2), which has at least one first compressor (13); nitrogen and hydrogen are at least partly converted in a converter (4) to form ammonia; the gas mixture is cooled in a cooling device (5) such that ammonia condenses out of the gas mixture; and hydrogen is provided at least in part by electrolysis (6). Here, the use of fluctuating renewable energies for the provision of hydrogen can be integrated in existing plant designs; for this reason, a master controller (7) is provided and, starting from the amount of hydrogen to be expected, by means of the master controller (7) at least the pressure in the synthesis circuit (3) can be kept approximately constant by means of at least one control loop. For this purpose, the device comprises a first bypass line for bypassing the first compressor (13) and a second bypass line (39) for bypassing the cooling device (5).
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
F25J 3/02 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
18.
SYSTEM HAVING A SAMPLE STORE FOR PREPARING A SAMPLE MATERIAL IN THE CEMENT OR LIME INDUSTRY FOR CALORIMETRIC MEASUREMENT
The present invention relates to a system (24) having a sample store (10) for preparing a sample material in the cement or lime industry for calorimetric measurement, having a holding body (12) with at least one or more storage spaces (14) each for holding a sample container containing a sample material, the sample store (10) having a temperature control device for cooling or heating the storage spaces (14) of the holding body (12).
The invention relates to a method for separating a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock stream (1) by means of extractive distillation, wherein the feedstock stream (1) is brought into contact (110) in counter-current with a water-soluble solvent (4) for aromatics, an aliphatic fraction is distillatively separated (120) from the obtained mixture (5) as an aliphatic product stream (2), the aromatics are stripped (130) from the remaining aromatics-enriched solvent (6), and the aromatics-depleted solvent (4) is returned (140) to a solvent circuit (7); wherein compounds having a lower boiling point than the solvent (4) collect as impurities in the solvent circuit (7), and at least one partial stream (8) of the solvent circuit (7) is purified (150) to remove the impurities; wherein the partial stream (8) undergoes a thermal separation process for the purification (150), in which thermal separation process the impurities are at least partially conducted away in a top product (11) and the remaining purified solvent (10) is returned to the solvent circuit (7). The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method.
The invention relates to a method for separating a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock stream (1) by extractive distillation, wherein: the feedstock stream (1) is brought into contact (110) with a water-soluble solvent (4) for aromatics in a counterstream; an aliphatic-compounds fraction is distillatively separated (120) from the obtained mixture (5) as an aliphatic-compounds product stream (2); the aromatics are stripped (130) from the remaining aromatics-enriched solvent (6); and the aromatics-depleted solvent (4) is fed back (140) in a solvent circuit (7); wherein: aliphatic compounds and/or compounds which have aliphatic functional groups collect as impurities in the solvent circuit (7) and at least one partial stream (8) of the solvent circuit (7) is purified (150) to remove the impurities; wherein: for the purification (150), a liquid-liquid extraction is carried out between the partial stream (8) and an extraction agent (9) for aliphatic compounds and the raffinate (10) of the liquid-liquid extraction is fed back into the solvent circuit (7). The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method.
Integrated method for producing sulphur dioxide quality suitable for a sulphuric acid process from calcium sulphate/phosphogypsum from phosphoric acid production
A process for producing sulfuric acid and cement clinker may use calcium sulfate that is formed as a solid by-product and separated off in phosphoric acid production in a reaction of raw phosphate with sulfuric acid to form phosphoric acid. The process comprises treating calcium sulfate separated from the phosphoric acid with an acid to obtain a suspension comprising purified calcium sulfate, separating the purified calcium sulfate in solid form from the liquid phase of the suspension, mixing the purified calcium sulfate with admixtures and reducing agents to obtain a raw meal mixture for cement clinker production, burning the raw meal mixture to obtain the cement clinker, with formation of sulfur dioxide as offgas, and subjecting the sulfur dioxide formed to offgas purification and feeding the sulfur dioxide as raw material to sulfuric acid production to produce the sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid produced may be used as starting material in phosphoric acid production.
C01B 25/232 - Preparation by reacting phosphate containing material with concentrated sulfuric acid and subsequently lixiviating the obtained mass, e.g. clincker process
23.
METHOD FOR THE AUTOMATIC WEAR AND TEAR MONITORING AND ANOMALY DETECTION OF REFRACTORY LININGS IN COKE OVENS
The present invention relates to a method for detecting defects in a refractory lining in a chemical reaction chamber, in particular a coke oven. Said method comprises the following steps of: a) capturing at least a first image of the inside of the refractory lining, b) performing an image analysis of at least a first image for detecting defects, c) outputting potential defects.
G06V 10/44 - Local feature extraction by analysis of parts of the pattern, e.g. by detecting edges, contours, loops, corners, strokes or intersections; Connectivity analysis, e.g. of connected components
C10B 29/06 - Preventing or repairing leakages of the brickwork
F27D 21/00 - Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
G01N 21/88 - Investigating the presence of flaws, defects or contamination
G01N 21/90 - Investigating the presence of flaws, defects or contamination in a container or its contents
The invention relates to a method for producing ammonia, wherein a hydrocarbon mixture and steam are supplied to a primary reformer (1), and the hydrocarbon mixture and the steam are at least partly converted into carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the primary reformer (1). The gas mixture is conducted out of the primary reformer (1) and into a secondary reformer (2), wherein the secondary reformer (2) is supplied with process air, at least comprising oxygen and nitrogen, so that non-converted hydrocarbon is converted into carbon monoxide and hydrogen. In a method in which the firing power of the primary reformer is increased, the oxygen content of the process air is reduced before the process air is conducted into the secondary reformer (2).
The invention relates to an ammonia system, said ammonia system having a converter (10), a first heat exchanger (20), and a separating device (30). The converter (10) and the first heat exchanger (20) are connected together via a product gas connection (40) such that the ammonia synthesis product gas is conducted out of the converter (10) and to the separating device (30) via the first heat exchanger (20); the separating device (30) and the converter (10) are connected together via a reactant gas connection (50) such that the circuit gas is conducted from the separating device (30) to the converter (10); and the ammonia system has a hydrogen feed (60), said hydrogen feed (60) being connected to the converter (10) via a second heat exchanger (80). The invention is characterized in that the ammonia system has a first electric heater (70), wherein the ammonia system has a steam turbine (90), and the first electric heater (70) can be connected to the converter (10) or to the steam turbine (90).
The invention relates to a particulate fertiliser, wherein the particulate fertiliser has a coating, wherein the coating contains polylactic acid mass, characterised in that the polylactic acid mass has a proportion of 70% to 99% L-lactic acid monomer units and a proportion of 1% to 30% D-lactic acid monomer units. The polylactic acid mass also has at least one first polylactic acid and at least one second polylactic acid. The first polylactic acid has a proportion of 50% to 67% L-lactic acid monomer units and a proportion of 33% to 50% D-lactic acid monomer units, and the second polylactic acid has a proportion of 95% to 100% L-lactic acid monomer units and a proportion of 0% to 5 % D-lactic acid monomer units.
The present invention relates to a method for processing old concrete, the old concrete comprising cement stone and an aggregate, in particular sand and/or gravel, the method comprising the steps of: grinding the old concrete in a grinding device (14); classifying the ground old concrete in a classifying device (18) into at least two products (26, 28, 30) of different grain fractions, characterised in that the grinding is carried out at a grinding pressure of less than 50 MPa. The present invention also relates to an apparatus (10) for processing old concrete, said apparatus comprising a grinding device (14) for grinding the old concrete, and a classifying device (18) for classifying the ground old concrete into at least two products (26, 28, 30) of different grain fractions, characterised in that the grinding device (14) is designed and set up in such a way that the old concrete is ground at a grinding pressure of less than 50 MPa.
F25J 3/04 - Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
29.
INTEGRATED METHOD FOR THE COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL UTILISATION OF CALCIUM SULPHATE WHILST OBTAINING RARE EARTH ELEMENTS FROM THE PRODUCTION OF PHOSPHORIC ACID
A process may involve treating calcium sulfate separated from phosphoric acid with acid to obtain a suspension comprising purified calcium sulfate, separating the purified calcium sulfate in solid form from a liquid phase of the suspension, treating the purified calcium sulfate with water or with a salt- and/or chelate ligand-containing aqueous solution to leach rare earths out of the calcium sulfate, separating the further-purified calcium sulfate in solid form from the liquid phase of the suspension, mixing the purified calcium sulfate that is separated off with admixtures and reducing agents to obtain a raw meal mixture for cement clinker production, burning the raw meal mixture to obtain the cement clinker and thereby forming sulfur dioxide as offgas, and feeding the sulfur dioxide as raw material to sulfuric acid production to produce the sulfuric acid.
C01B 25/232 - Preparation by reacting phosphate containing material with concentrated sulfuric acid and subsequently lixiviating the obtained mass, e.g. clincker process
C04B 11/26 - Calcium sulfate cements starting from phosphogypsum or from waste, e.g. purification products of smoke
C04B 7/04 - Portland cement using raw materials containing gypsum
C01F 11/08 - Oxides or hydroxides by reduction of sulfates
In order to provide a method and an apparatus for determining the temperature of heating flues of the coke ovens of a coke oven battery, by means of which the temperature of the heating chambers can be measured very accurately and very quickly, according to the invention the infrared pyrometers are designed as multi-wavelength pyrometers (MWL). A measuring device (1) is fixedly installed on each inspection heating flue (11) and comprises a multi-wavelength pyrometer (MWL), an evaluation unit (2) for generating temperature data from the measured radiation values and at least one transmission unit (3) for forwarding the temperature data. The temperature data are continuously determined in each measuring device (1) on the basis of continuously measured radiation values, wherein the temperature data are simultaneously ascertained from all measuring devices (1). The temperature data of each measuring device (1) are sent by the respective transmission units (3) to at least one transfer point (50), and wherein the temperature data are transmitted from the transfer point (50) to an apparatus (60) for further processing. In order to make available a method and an apparatus for determining the temperature of heating flues of the coke oven of a coke oven battery, by means of which the temperature of the heating chambers can be measured very accurately and very quickly, provision is made for the infrared pyrometers to be designed as multi-wavelength pyrometers (MWL), wherein at each inspection heating flue (11), a measuring device (1) is fixedly installed which comprises a multi-wavelength pyrometer (MWL), an evaluation unit (2) for generating temperature data from the measured radiation values and at least one transmission unit (3) for forwarding the temperature data, wherein the temperature data is continuously determined in each measuring device (1) on the basis of continuously measured radiation values, wherein the temperature data is simultaneously ascertained from all measuring devices (1), wherein the temperature data of each measuring device (1) is sent by the respective transmission unit (3) to at least one transfer point (50), and wherein the temperature data is transmitted from the transfer point (50) to an apparatus (60) for further processing.
F23N 5/08 - Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
G01J 5/00 - Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
G01J 5/10 - Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors
The present invention relates to a method for producing cement clinker (50), said method comprising the steps of: preheating raw material (20) in a preheater (12), calcining the preheated raw material (26) in a calciner (14), burning the preheated, precalcined raw meal (32) in a kiln (16) to obtain cement clinker (38), wherein a combustion gas (42) containing an oxygen proportion of more than 20 vol.%, in particular more than 40 vol.%, preferably more than 60 vol.%, is supplied to the kiln (16), and cooling the cement clinker (38) in a cooler (18), the cooler (18) having a first cooling region (18a) and a second cooling region (18b) in the conveying direction of the cement clinker (38), the exhaust air of the first cooling region (18a) forming the combustion gas (42), the exhaust gas (24) of the second cooling region (18b) being fed to the calciner (14) and having an oxygen proportion of a maximum of 15 vol.%, in particular a maximum of 10 vol.%, preferably a maximum of 5 vol.%.
The integrated plant for making propene oxide comprises a unit (1) for producing hydrogen peroxide by an anthraquinone process, which comprises a hydrogenator (3), an oxidizer (4) and an extraction column, and a unit (2) for making propene oxide from propene and hydrogen peroxide comprising an epoxidation reactor (6) and a work-up section (8), as well as an air compressor (9) driven by a backpressure steam turbine (10) with a conduit (11) connecting an outlet of the air compressor (9) with the oxidizer (4) and a conduit (12) connecting the steam outlet of the backpressure steam turbine (10) with a heat exchanger (13) of a distillation column (14) of the work-up section (8).
C07D 301/12 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with hydrogen peroxide or inorganic peroxides or peracids
C07D 303/04 - Compounds containing oxirane rings containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring oxygen atoms
A method of continuously performing one or more heat-consuming processes, where at least one heat-consuming process is electrically heated. The maximum temperature in the reaction zone of the heat-consuming process is higher than 500° C., at least 70% of products of the heat-consuming process are continuously processed further downstream and/or fed to a local energy carrier network, and the electrical energy required for the heat-consuming process is drawn from an external power grid and from at least one local power source. The local power source is fed by at least one local energy carrier network and by products from the heat-consuming process. The local energy carrier network stores natural gas, naphtha, hydrogen, synthesis gas, and/or steam as energy carrier, and has a total capacity of at least 5 GWh. The local energy carrier network is fed with at least one further product and/or by-product from at least one further chemical process.
The invention relates to a method for controlling a screen device (10), the screen device (10) comprising at least four clusters of imbalance excitation units (U), each cluster including at least two imbalance excitation units (U) and each cluster being formed via a coupling point to apply vibrations to the screen device (10), two front clusters being located closer to the material feed point (30), and two rear clusters being located closer to the coarse material discharge point (40), the method being characterized in that the phase shift between the imbalance excitation units (U) within a cluster is controlled, wherein to detect clogging of the screen (20), the phase shift is set to 0° to 5° for a first time interval, wherein the mass flow of the coarse material discharge (40) and the mass flow of the fine material discharge (50) are acquired, wherein the change in the ratio of the mass flow of the coarse material discharge (40) and the mass flow of the fine material discharge (50) before the first time interval relative to after the first time interval is taken as an indicator of clogging of the screen (20).
The invention relates to a method for burning material, such as carbonate rock, in a parallel-flow regenerative shaft kiln (1) with two shafts (2) which are operated alternately as a burning shaft and a regenerative shaft and are connected to each other by means of a connecting channel (19), wherein the material flows through a material inlet (3) into a preheating zone (21) for preheating the material, a combustion zone (20) for burning the material and a cooling zone (22) for cooling the material in order to reach a material outlet (40), wherein a cooling gas is introduced into the cooling zone, wherein exhaust gas is discharged from one of the shafts (2) via an exhaust gas outlet (6), and wherein the exhaust gas, which has been discharged from the shaft (2) via the exhaust gas outlet (6), is at least partially introduced into at least one of the shafts (2). The invention also relates to a parallel-flow regenerative shaft kiln (1) for burning and cooling material, such as carbonate rock, said kiln having two shafts (2) which can be operated alternately as a burning shaft and a regenerative shaft and are connected to each other by means of a connecting channel (19), wherein each shaft (2) has in the flow direction of the material a preheating zone (21) for preheating the material, a combustion zone (20) for burning the material and a cooling zone (22) for cooling the material, wherein each shaft (2) has an exhaust gas outlet (6) for discharging exhaust gas from the shaft (2), wherein at least one exhaust gas outlet (6) is connected to a gas inlet (12, 15) for admitting gas into at least one shaft (2).
The invention relates to a method for burning material, such as carbonate rock, in a kiln comprising one or two shafts. The material flows through a material inlet (3) into a pre-heating zone (21) in order to pre-heat the material, a burning zone (20) in order to burn the material, a cooling zone (22) in order to cool the material, and to a material outlet (40), and a cooling gas is admitted into the cooling zone, wherein exhaust gas is discharged from a shaft (2) of the kiln via an exhaust gas outlet (6) arranged within or above the pre-heating zone (21), and the exhaust gas discharged out of the shaft (2) via the exhaust gas outlet (6) is at least partly introduced into at least one shaft (2) of the kiln. The exhaust gas is cooled in a cooling device (32) and is then heated to a temperature of maximally 200 °C, in particular 50 °C to 160 °C, preferably 70 °C to 120 °C, in a heating device (47). The invention also relates to a kiln (1) for burning and cooling material, such as carbonate rock, comprising one or two shafts (2).
F27B 1/02 - Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces with two or more shafts or chambers, e.g. multi-storey
C04B 2/12 - Preheating, burning, calcining or cooling in shaft or vertical furnaces
F27B 1/10 - Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces - Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
F27D 17/00 - Arrangement for using waste heat; Arrangement for using, or disposing of, waste gases
F27B 1/00 - Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
37.
METHOD FOR OPERATING A SCREEN DEVICE AS A GYROSCOPIC VIBRATOR, ELLIPTIC VIBRATOR OR LINEAR VIBRATOR ACCORDING TO THE MOISTURE OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SCREENED
The invention relates to a method for controlling a screen device (10), the screen device (10) comprising at least four clusters of imbalance excitation units (U), each cluster including at least two imbalance excitation units (U), each cluster being formed over a coupling point for applying vibrations to the screen device (10), two front clusters being located closer to the material inlet (30), and two rear clusters being located closer to the material outlet (40), the method being characterized in that the phase shift between the imbalance excitation units (U) within a cluster is controlled, wherein a measurable variable that correlates with the moisture of the material applied to the screen device (10) is acquired as a measured input variable, and when the moisture is low, the phase shift is set to 0 ° at the same vibration amplitude and the screen device (10) is operated as a gyroscopic vibrator, whereas when the moisture is higher, the phase shift is set to 90 ° and the screen device (10) is operated as an elliptic vibrator or linear vibrator.
The invention relates to a method for controlling a screen device (10), the screen device (10) comprising at least four clusters of imbalance excitation units (U), each cluster including at least two imbalance excitation units (U) and each cluster being formed over a coupling point for applying vibrations to the screen device (10), two front clusters being located closer to the material inlet (30), and two rear clusters being located closer to the material outlet, the method being characterized in that the phase shift between the imbalance excitation units (U) within a cluster is controlled, wherein the mass flow rate applied to the screen device (10) is measured as a measured input variable, and the phase shift is reduced when the mass flow rate increases.
The invention relates to a method for controlling a screen device (10), said screen device (10) comprising at least four clusters of imbalance excitation units (U), each cluster including at least two imbalance excitation units (U) and each cluster being formed via a coupling point to apply vibrations to the screen device (10), two front clusters being located closer to the material feed point (30), and two rear clusters being located closer to the coarse material discharge point (40) such that the phase shift between the imbalance excitation units (U) within a cluster is, wherein an input measurement variable is acquired as an indicator for clogging of the screen (20), wherein the phase shift is set to 0° to 5° in case of suspected clogging so that the clogging is knocked out of the screen (20) by impacting the screen (20) as vertically as possible.
The present invention relates to a method for controlling an assembly comprising a screening device 10 and a mill 100, wherein the grist from the mill 100 is applied to the screening device 10, wherein the coarse-material discharge 40 from the screening device 10 is applied to the mill 100, wherein the screening device 10 has at least four clusters of unbalance-exciter units, wherein each cluster comprises at least two unbalance-exciter units, wherein each cluster is respectively formed over a coupling point for subjecting the screening device 10 to oscillations, wherein two front clusters are arranged closer to the material application 30, wherein two rear clusters are arranged closer to the coarse-material discharge 40, characterized in that the phase offset φ between the unbalance-exciter units within a cluster is controlled, wherein the mass flow between the mill 100 and the screening device 10 is recorded in a time-resolved manner, wherein the phase offset φ is reduced if there is an increasing mass flow, and thus the output of the screen is reduced, and wherein the phase offset φ is increased if there is a decreasing mass flow, and thus the output of the screen is increased.
The invention relates to a lime kiln system (4) comprising at least one shaft kiln (1) for burning and cooling material, such as carbonate rock. The lime kiln system (4) comprises two shafts (2a, b) and a channel (19) which extends between the two shafts (2a, b), and the shaft kiln (1) comprises precisely one of the shafts (2a, b). The shaft (2a, b) has a material inlet (3) for admitting material to be burned into the shaft (2a, b) and, in the flow direction of the material, a pre-heating zone (21) for preheating the material, a burning zone (20) for burning the material, a cooling zone (22) for cooling the material, and a material outlet (40) for discharging the material out of the shaft (2a, b), wherein the channel (19) has a closure device (18) for closing the channel (19) in terms of gas flow so that a gas flow between the two shafts (2a, b) through the channel (19) is prevented by the closure device (18). The invention also relates to a method for converting a parallel flow counter current regenerative shaft kiln comprising two shafts (2a, b), which are connected together in terms of gas flow via a channel (19), into a lime kiln system (4) comprising at least one shaft kiln (1), each of which has precisely one shaft (2a, b), said method at least having the step of: - closing the channel (19) in a gas-tight manner by means of a closure device (18).
The present invention relates to a method of recycling low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by recovering pure LDPE(R) from impure LDPE(U), comprising the following method steps: V1) producing a first polymer solution (PL1) by dissolving impure LDPE(U) in an organic solvent (L1) in a first method strand (I); V2) producing a second polymer solution (PL2) by dissolving impure LDPE(U) that has not been dissolved in the organic solvent (L1) in method step V1) in an organic solvent (L2) in a second method strand (II); V3) separating the second polymer solution (PL2) within the second method strand (II) in a separation step comprising an ultrafiltration method (U) with an ultrafiltration membrane (MU) or a nanofiltration method (N) with a nanofiltration membrane (MN) into a third organic solvent (L3) as permeate and a third polymer solution (PL3) as retentate from the ultra- (U) or nanofiltration method (N), wherein the third polymer solution (PL3) has a higher concentration of dissolved LDPE than the second polymer solution (PL2); wherein either V4) the third polymer solution (PL3) is recycled into the first method step (V1) for production of the first polymer solution (PL1), and wherein the first polymer solution (PL1) is separated in a separation step comprising a first evaporation method (E1) into pure LDPE(R) and a fourth organic solvent (L4); or V5) the third polymer solution (PL3) is separated in a separation step comprising a second evaporation method (E2) into pure LDPE(R) and a fifth organic solvent (L5), and the first polymer solution (PL1) is separated in a separation step comprising a first evaporation method (E1) into pure LDPE(R) and a fourth organic solvent (L4).
The present invention relates to a control process for optimizing product quality in the calcination of clays with respect to the reactivity of the final product.
The present invention relates to a device for the thermal treatment of a mineral feedstock, wherein the device comprises a calciner (110), the calciner (110) has at least a first calciner section (10) and a second calciner section (20), the first calciner section (10) is disposed perpendicularly, the second calciner section (20) is disposed obliquely, the second calciner section (20) is at an angle α between the horizontal and the direction of flow in the second calciner section (20), said angle α being between 20° and 80°, and wherein the first calciner section (10) has a first hydraulic diameter dh,1, the second calciner section (20) has a second hydraulic diameter dh,2, and the second hydraulic diameter dh,2 is smaller than or equal to the first hydraulic diameter dh,1 multiplied by the sine of angle α .
The present invention relates to a device for the thermal treatment of a mineral feedstock, wherein the device comprises a calciner (110), the calciner (110) has at least a first calciner section (10) and a second calciner section (20), the first calciner section (10) is disposed perpendicularly, the second calciner section (20) is disposed obliquely, the second calciner section (20) is at an angle α between the horizontal and the direction of flow in the second calciner section (20), said angle α being between 20° and 80°, and wherein the first calciner section (10) has a first hydraulic diameter dh,1, the second calciner section (20) has a second hydraulic diameter dh,2, and the second hydraulic diameter dh,2 is smaller than or equal to the first hydraulic diameter dh,1 multiplied by the sine of angle α .
The invention relates to a device for the thermal treatment of a mineral feed material, wherein the device comprises a furnace and a calciner (110), the furnace comprising a furnace head inlet (120) and the calciner (110) comprising at least one first calciner section (10) and one second calciner section (20), wherein the calciner (110) comprises a cyclone separator (60) which is connected to the furnace head inlet (120) in order to transfer the solid separated in the cyclone separator (60), wherein the furnace head inlet (120) and the first calciner section (10) are interconnected for the transfer of gas exiting the furnace, the first calciner section (10) being vertically arranged and the second calciner section (20) being obliquely arranged, and there is an angle a of between 20° and 80° between the horizontal and the flow direction of the second calciner section (20). The invention is characterised in that the device has a bypass (40), the furnace head inlet (120) and the bypass (40) being interconnected for the transfer of gas exiting the furnace, the bypass (40) comprising a flow rate control valve (42) and being connected to the calciner (110) such that the bypass (40) guides a partial flow of the gas flow entering the calciner behind the second calciner section (20) in the calciner (110).
The invention relates to a shaft furnace (1) for firing in particular carbonate-containing material, with a shaft (2) having, in the flow direction of the material, a material inlet (3), a preheating zone (21) for preheating the material, a firing zone (20) for firing the material, a cooling zone (22) for cooling the fired material, and a material outlet (40) for discharging the material from the shaft furnace (1), wherein the shaft furnace (1) has an exhaust gas outlet (19) for discharging exhaust gas from the preheating zone of the shaft (2), and wherein the exhaust gas outlet (19) is connected to the firing zone (20) for recirculation of the exhaust gas, wherein the shaft furnace (1) has a recycling device (54) for recycling recycled gas within the firing zone (20) and for creating a parallel-flow firing zone (24) within the firing zone.
The invention relates to a reactor and a method at least for the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon-containing fluids at least in order to produce at least hydrogen-containing fluids. The reactor has a reactor casing, a reactor shaft arranged within the reactor casing, and a reactor lining between the reactor casing and the reactor shaft in order to at least thermally seal the reactor shaft from the reactor casing, wherein the reactor shaft has an at least quadrangular geometry in the cross-section, and at least one respective electrode for generating thermal energy is arranged on two opposing lateral walls of the reactor shaft.
C01B 3/30 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using moving solid particles using the fluidised bed technique
B01J 8/12 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
B01J 8/42 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed subjected to electric current or to radiations
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
B01J 8/08 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
50.
HEIGHT-OPTIMIZED DEVICE FOR THE THERMAL TREATMENT OF MINERAL SUBSTANCES
The present invention relates to a device for the thermal treatment of mineral substances, the device comprising a preheater (10), a calciner (20) and a cooler (30), characterized in that at least two of the structural units (preheater (10), calciner (20) and cooler (30)) are arranged next to each other.
The present invention relates to a method for thermal treatment of air-dispersible raw material (48), especially cement raw meal and/or mineral products, wherein the raw material (48) is introduced into a conduit (32) through which hot gases flow and is subjected to thermal treatment by the hot gases (52) and/or radiant heat in the conduit (32), fuel (36) is at least partially converted in a treatment region (28) and the heat generated in the treatment region (28) is supplied at least in part to the conduit (32), and an oxygen-rich gas (68) is introduced into the treatment region (28), wherein the oxygen content in the hot gas (52) and/or the gas temperature is determined and the amount of oxygen introduced into the treatment region (28) is controlled/regulated depending on the temperature determined and/or oxygen content.
In a process for the epoxidation of propene, comprising reacting propene with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a methanol solvent and a shaped titanium zeolite epoxidation catalyst in a fixed bed reactor, recovering methanol from the reaction mixture, treatment of the recovered methanol by passing it through a bed of an acidic ion exchange resin and recycling the treated methanol to the epoxidation reaction, as well as regeneration of the acidic ion exchange resin, catalyst breakage can be reduced or avoided by washing the regenerated bed of an acidic ion exchange resin with methanol until the methanol exiting the resin bed has an apparent pH higher than 1.8 before methanol treated with the acidic ion exchange resin is recycled to the epoxidation reaction.
C07D 301/12 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with hydrogen peroxide or inorganic peroxides or peracids
The present invention relates to a method for operating a system (10, 11) for producing and/or handling cement, comprising the steps: - removing a material sample (42) of cement clinker from a system (10, 11) for producing and/or handling cement, - metering an activation fluid to the material sample (42), - measuring the gas pressure and/or the amount of hydrogen gas and/or the amount of elemental aluminum in the mix of activation fluid and the material sample (42), and - controlling/regulating the fuel discharge (36, 38) from a fuel dump (18, 34) to supply a firing device (12, 14) of the system (10, 11) for producing cement according to the measured gas pressure and/or the measured amount of hydrogen gas and/or the amount of elemental aluminum, or - controlling/regulating the cement discharge (54) from a cement store (56, 58) in order to supply the cement to a handling device (52) of the system (10, 11) for handling cement according to the measured gas pressure and/or the measured amount of hydrogen gas and/or the amount of elemental aluminum.
The present invention relates to an aircraft and to a method using this aircraft to inspect equipment in coking plants for detecting sources of error. The aircraft has at least one inspection device for inspecting surfaces of the equipment that are to be inspected, and an airspace, distanced from one of the surfaces to be inspected, and at least one transmitting and receiving device for data communication with at least other aircraft or at least one external analysis device for detecting the sources of error. The method comprises converting the detected phototechnical and optical data, in particular 2D data, into a 3D thermal point cloud by means of a conversion unit of the analysis device, in particular by photogrammetry, for generating at least orthophotos or surface textures or 3D models, processing the data detected from chemically reactive, physically reactive and thermographic devices in a comparison unit of the analysis device to determine deviation data, and combining all converted data and all deviation data and further operating data in an evaluation unit of the analysis device to detect sources of error by means of image processing algorithms and/or machine learning algorithms.
The present invention relates to an aircraft and to a method using this aircraft to inspect equipment in coking plants for detecting sources of error. The aircraft has at least one inspection device for inspecting surfaces of the equipment that are to be inspected, and an airspace, distanced from one of the surfaces to be inspected, and at least one transmitting and receiving device for data communication with at least other aircraft or at least one external analysis device for detecting the sources of error. The method comprises converting the detected phototechnical and optical data, in particular 2D data, into a 3D thermal point cloud by means of a conversion unit of the analysis device, in particular by photogrammetry, for generating at least orthophotos or surface textures or 3D models, processing the data detected from chemically reactive, physically reactive and thermographic devices in a comparison unit of the analysis device to determine deviation data, and combining all converted data and all deviation data and further operating data in an evaluation unit of the analysis device to detect sources of error by means of image processing algorithms and/or machine learning algorithms.
Disclosed is a method for preparing vinyl chloride by catalytic thermal cracking of 1,2-dichloroethane, in which method the heat required for the thermal cracking is supplied via a liquid or condensing heat transfer medium, wherein, the heat transfer medium is heated at least in part by means of waste heat from a plant for combusting liquid and/or gaseous residues of a chemical plant. The invention also relates to a plant for preparing vinyl chloride by catalytic thermal cracking of 1,2-dichloroethane. The heat required for thermal cracking can be obtained from cheaply available waste heat. For example, it is possible to temporarily heat the heat transfer medium exclusively by means of the second heating device operated by waste heat, wherein said waste heat can, for example, be waste heat from a plant for preparing vinyl chloride.
The present invention relates to a method for dispensing material from a silo (10) for storing and/or metering bulk materials, wherein the silo (10) has a plurality of outlet openings (130) for discharging material, stored in a storage region (30) of the silo (10), into a withdrawing region (40) of the silo (10), and wherein each outlet opening (130) has an assigned activation device (190) which, in an open position, supplies the storage region (30) with activation air in order to fluidize material, so as to form a flow region (170) of material flowing inside the storage region (30), and material flows through the assigned outlet opening (130) out of the storage region (30) and into the withdrawing region (40), the method having the following steps: - opening a plurality of outlet openings (130) and - opening a plurality of activation devices (190) in a predefined sequence so as to form a flow region (170) having an annular cross section.
B01F 33/40 - Mixers using gas or liquid agitation, e.g. with air supply tubes
58.
METHOD FOR THE OPTIMIZED COMBUSTION OF SUBSTITUTE FUELS IN A DEVICE FOR THE THERMAL TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, MORE PARTICULARLY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CEMENT CLINKER
The present invention relates to a method for the thermal treatment of inorganic materials, more particularly for the production of cement clinker, wherein: - at least a first substitute fuel is used for the production; - the first substitute fuel is fed in a first feeding region (40); - the first substitute fuel is transported from the first feeding region (40) to a first combustion region by means of at least a first conveying device (50), a continuously transporting conveying device being selected as the first conveying device (50); - the first substitute fuel is sensed by means of a first sensor (60) having at least linear resolution, the first sensor (60) being above the first conveying device (50); - spatially resolved material information of the first substitute fuel is determined from the information captured by means of the first sensor (60); - a first calorific value is estimated from the spatially resolved material information of the first substitute fuel; - a first value is specified for the required heat energy in the first combustion region; - the first material flow of the first substitute fuel of the estimated first calorific value is adapted to the specified heat energy by means of adaptation of the material flow.
The present invention relates to a method for supplying furnace units (10) of a steam reformer (16) with a second combustion gas (9) and a first flue gas (2), wherein the first flue gas (2) is produced in an external combustion chamber (3), which is located outside of the steam reformer (16) and is mounted upstream of said steam reformer (16), by the combustion of a first combustion gas (4) with air and is introduced together with the second combustion gas (9) into the furnace units (10) of the steam reformer (16), the first flue gas (2) having a residual oxygen content that is sufficient for the furnace. The invention also relates to a steam reforming plant (1) for carrying out such a method.
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
60.
REACTOR FOR ENDOTHERMIC HIGH-TEMPERATURE REACTIONS
A reactor for carrying out an endothermic reaction, in particular a high-temperature reaction, in which a product gas is obtained from a feed gas, wherein: the reactor surrounds a reactor interior; the reactor is configured to provide a reactor bed in a reaction zone of the reactor interior, which reactor bed comprises a large number of solid material particles; the reactor is also configured to guide the feed gas into the reaction zone; in order to heat the feed gas, the reactor is designed to heat the solid material particles in the reaction zone such that, by transferring heat from the solid material particles to the feed gas, the feed gas in the reaction zone can be heated to a reaction temperature in order to participate as a starting product in the endothermic reaction for producing the product gas.
B01J 8/08 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
B01J 8/12 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
61.
METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING A DISTANCE-RELATED RUNNING FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF A BELT CONVEYOR SYSTEM
mm of the entire belt conveyor system on the basis of the measured material mass flow rate at the measurement point; • E) storing the fully captured varying data and the identification data in the evaluation device after each cycle of a defined conveyor belt portion of the conveyor belt, wherein each cycle is numbered by the non-intermittent index "j"; and • F) calculating the load-dependent running frictional resistance for each partial distance and the no-load performance of the belt conveyor system using the evaluation device by means of a system of equations using the constant data, the varying data and the identification data.
B65G 43/02 - Control devices, e.g. for safety, warning or fault-correcting detecting dangerous physical condition of load- carriers, e.g. for interrupting the drive in the event of overheating
62.
ROTARY DRUM, IN PARTICULAR A ROTARY KILN WITH A ROTARY TUBE AND A RUNNING RING ARRANGED ABOUT SAME
The invention relates to a rotary drum (10) for processing materials, in particular bulk materials, having a drum shell (14) and a running ring (12) arranged circumferentially about the drum shell (14) for supporting the drum (10), wherein the running ring (12) has a plurality of protrusions (16) on the surface of the running ring facing radially inwards, said protrusions interacting with securing elements (22) attached to the drum shell (14), the drum shell (14) has a plurality of recesses (30), and a respective securing element (22) is attached in each recess. The invention also relates to a method for producing a drum with a rotary tube (11) and a running ring (12) arranged about the rotary tube (11), having at least the following steps: - introducing recesses (30) into the drum shell (14) of the rotary tube (11), - inserting a respective plate-shaped securing element (22) into each recess (30), - machining the securing element (22) arranged in the recess (30) so as to remove material, and - attaching the running ring (12) about the outer circumference of the rotary tube (11).
The present invention relates to a system (16) for thermally treating raw material (14), in particular a calciner (16), comprising a pipe (32) through which hot gases (52) flow, and at least one means (56) for adding the raw material (48), wherein the system (10) comprises a drying chamber (28) for drying sludgy material, which drying chamber is connected to the pipe (32) and has means (38) for adding fuel (36) and a means (40) which is separate therefrom for adding sludgy materials (68) into the drying chamber (28). The present invention also relates to a method for thermally treating raw material (48), in particular cement raw meal and/or mineral products, wherein the raw material (48) is introduced into a pipe (32) through which hot gases flow and is thermally treated by means of the hot gases (52), wherein fuel (36) and, separately therefrom, sludgy material (68) are introduced into a drying chamber (28), and wherein the sludgy material (68) is dried therein and the heat generated in the drying chamber (28) is at least partly fed to the pipe (32).
The present invention relates to a mixing device (10) for preparing a sample material for a calorimetric measurement, comprising a frame (18) and a holding apparatus (12) for holding a container filled with the sample material, which holding apparatus is connected to the frame (18), wherein the holding apparatus (12) is connected to a vibrator (20, 22) for vibrating the holding apparatus (12), and a vibration damper (24, 26, 28, 30) is mounted between the holding device (12) and the frame (18).
The present invention relates to a process for producing colour-optimized activated clays for cement production, the process comprising the following steps: a) thermal activation of the starting material at elevated temperature to form an activated clay, b) cooling the activated clay by combining it with a solid remaining in the product, from a first temperature to a second temperature, c) cooling the mixture from step b) from the second temperature to a third temperature by heat transfer to a gas stream, the solid used in step b) being the product from step c), cement clinker, or a combination of product from step c) and cement clinker.
The present invention relates to a plant for the processing of refuse for use as a substitute fuel in a combustion device, for example in a plant for producing cement clinker, wherein the plant has a processing device (10) and a transport device (20) which is arranged downstream of the processing device (10) in a material flow direction, wherein the transport device (20) has a discharge device, wherein the processing device (10) effects an introduction of heat into the refuse, wherein the processing device (10), the transport device (20) or both the processing device (10) and the transport device (20) has/have a section-extraction means (40), characterized in that a partial gas stream (70) is extracted from the suction-extraction means (40), wherein the partial gas stream (70) is conducted through an optical cell (100), wherein the mercury concentration in the partial gas stream (70) can be determined in the optical cell (100) by means of a detection device, wherein the detection device detects the mercury concentration by atomic absorption spectroscopy, wherein an evaluation device is connected to the detection device, wherein the evaluation device is connected to the discharge device, wherein the evaluation device is configured such that, if a specified concentration of mercury is exceeded, said evaluation device discharges the contaminated refuse by means of the discharge device.
F23G 5/033 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including pretreatment comminuting or crushing
67.
METHOD FOR HYDROGEN SYNTHESIS WITH UTILISATION OF HEAT FROM A HEAT NETWORK BY MEANS OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM
222O medium comprises water vapour at least in part, and in that the water electrolysis system (30) is a high-temperature electrolysis system. The present invention also relates to a water electrolysis system (30) for use in the aforementioned method. This allows an efficient hydrogen synthesis.
The present invention relates to a discharge device (16) for discharging solids, in particular powder/raw meal powder, from a process chamber having a container (24) for receiving the solids, a solids chamber (28) adjoining the container (24), a solids extraction valve (32) adjoining the solids chamber (28), optionally a conveyor device (34), adjoining the solids extraction valve (32), for conveying the solids and a level meter (48), attached in the container, for determining the solids level within the container (24), wherein the discharge device (16) has an open-loop/closed-loop control device (50) which is connected to the level meter (48) for transmitting the determined solids level and which is designed such that it controls the opening width of the solids extraction valve (32) according to the solids fill level in an open-loop/closed-loop manner, wherein the discharge device (16) has a ventilation device (36) for generating an air flow which is connected for supplying the air flow to the container (24), the solids chamber (28), the solids extraction valve (32) and/or a conveyor device (34) adjoining the solids valve (32) and which is designed such that the generated air flow fluidizes the solid-gas mixture at least in part, and wherein the open-loop/closed-loop control device (50) is designed such that it controls the flow rate of the air flow generated by means of the ventilation device (36) and/or the conveying speed of the conveyor device (34) according to the solids fill level in an open-loop/closed-loop manner.
B04C 5/15 - Construction of the underflow ducting; Apex constructions; Discharge arrangements with swinging flaps or revolving sluices; Sluices; Check-valves
B04C 5/18 - Construction of the underflow ducting; Apex constructions; Discharge arrangements with auxiliary fluid assisting discharge
B04C 11/00 - Accessories, e.g. safety or control devices, not otherwise provided for
B02C 23/08 - Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
B02C 23/20 - Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy after crushing or disintegrating
69.
PARALLEL-FLOW REGENERATIVE SHAFT KILN AND METHOD FOR CALCINING CARBONATE ROCK
The present invention relates to a method for calcining and cooling material, such as carbonate rocks, in a parallel-flow regenerative shaft kiln (10) with two shafts (12), which are operated alternately as a calcining shaft and a regenerative shaft, wherein the material flows through a preheating zone (28), at least one calcining zone (36) and a cooling zone (42) to a material outlet (20, 76), wherein at least one stream of gas is compressed by means of a high-pressure fan (54a-c) and is introduced into the parallel-flow regenerative shaft kiln (10), wherein the high-pressure fan (54a-c) is designed as an axial fan or as a radial fan with an impeller which is flowed through axially or radially. The invention also relates to a parallel-flow regenerative shaft kiln (10) for calcining and cooling material, such as carbonate rocks, with two shafts (12), which can be operated alternately as a calcining shaft and a regenerative shaft, wherein each shaft (12) has, in the direction of flow of the material, a preheating zone (28) for preheating the material, a calcining zone (36) for calcining the material and a cooling zone (42) for cooling the material, wherein the parallel-flow regenerative shaft kiln (10) has at least one high-pressure fan (54a-c), which is designed and arranged for compressing a stream of gas introduced into the parallel-flow regenerative shaft kiln (10), wherein the high-pressure fan (54a-c) is designed as an axial fan or as a radial fan with an impeller which can be flowed through axially or radially.
C04B 2/12 - Preheating, burning, calcining or cooling in shaft or vertical furnaces
70.
METHOD OF PRODUCING OXIDIC MATERIALS FROM LOW BULK DENSITY MINERAL MATERIAL, SYSTEM FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD AND MATERIAL OBTAINABLE IN SUCH A METHOD
The present invention relates to a method of producing oxidic materials. The method comprises the steps of providing a mineral material and calcination (2) of the mineral material, the mineral material provided being a carbonate-containing material, a hydroxide-containing material or a carbonate- and hydroxide-containing material, which contains metal cations and is a solid material having a bulk density in a range of 0.1 kg/L to 0.6 kg/L. The method further comprises, prior to calcination (2), a step of compaction (1) in which the mineral material is compacted and a compacted material is obtained. During calcination (2), the compacted material is heated to temperatures in a range of 200°C to 1300°C and a calcined compacted material is obtained. The present invention also relates to a system for carrying out the method, comprising a deagglomeration unit (107), a pre-drying unit (106), a compactor (101), a calcining kiln (102), a comminuting device (108), another compactor (109) and a sintering furnace (103), and to calcined, compacted material obtainable by this method.
2222222 H to form a gas/liquid mixture containing higher alcohols, and wherein the gas/liquid separation system (6) for separating the alcohols of the gas/liquid mixture is connected to the reactor for producing higher alcohols (5).
C21B 5/06 - Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process
C21B 13/12 - Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in electric furnaces
C10K 3/00 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
The invention relates to a cooler for cooling bulk material, in particular cement clinker, having a ventilation base (12) through which a cooling gas can flow for receiving bulk material and for transporting the bulk material in a conveying direction (F), wherein the ventilation base (12) comprises a plurality of conveyor planks (14) which are attached for movement in the conveying direction (F) and against the conveying direction (F), and a seal (16) is attached between two adjacent conveyor planks (14), said seal having at least two seal elements (34, 36) which are attached for movement relative to each other. Each of the seal elements (34, 36) has a seal profile (46, 48), said profiles interacting with one another such that a seal gap (50) is formed between the seal profiles, and the seal gap has a double or multiple U-profile.
METHOD FOR THE MACHINE-BASED DETERMINATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF SUPPORT ROLLERS OF A BELT CONVEYOR SYSTEM, COMPUTER PROGRAM AND MACHINE-READABLE DATA CARRIER
The present invention relates to a method for the machine-based determination of the functional state of support rollers (13) of a belt conveyor system (1) during the operation of the belt conveyor system, wherein at least one unmanned vehicle (2) having at least one imaging sensor system is provided, by means of which sensor system at least parts of the belt conveyor system can be sensed in the form of image data, and wherein image data of at least one subregion of the belt conveyor system are captured as thermal image data. In the captured image data of the belt conveyor system, at least one identification image region position, in which at least one subregion of a support roller (13) is pictured, is automatically determined. For each determined identification image region position from the image data, an analysis image region position is automatically defined in the thermal image data. In each defined analysis image region position, thermal image data are automatically analyzed and the functional state of support rollers (13) is determined.
B65G 43/02 - Control devices, e.g. for safety, warning or fault-correcting detecting dangerous physical condition of load- carriers, e.g. for interrupting the drive in the event of overheating
74.
CEMENT-MANUFACTURING PLANT AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CEMENT CLINKER
The present invention relates to a cement-manufacturing plant (10) having - a preheater (12) for preheating raw meal, - a calciner (14) for calcining the preheated raw meal, - a kiln (16) with a kiln burner (28) for burning the raw meal to form cement clinker, wherein the kiln (16) has a combustion-gas inlet for letting a combustion gas with an oxygen content of 30% to 75% into the kiln (16), and - a cooler (18) for cooling the cement clinker, - wherein the calciner (14) and the kiln (16) respectively have at least one fuel inlet (20) for introducing at least one fuel into the calciner (14) and the kiln (16), wherein the calciner (14) and the kiln (16) respectively have at least one inert-gas inlet (64, 68) for respectively letting inert gas into the calciner (14) and the kiln (16).
The invention relates to an installation (14) for the thermal treatment of dispersible raw material, in particular cement raw meal and/or mineral products, comprising an ascending line (62) through which hot gases can flow, wherein the ascending line has at least one fuel inlet (48, 50) for the admission of fuel into the ascending line (62), wherein the ascending line (62) has at least one raw meal inlet (44, 46) for the admission of raw meal into the ascending line (62), which at least one raw meal inlet (44, 46) is arranged upstream of the fuel inlet (24) in a flow direction of the gas within the ascending line (62). The invention also relates to a method for the thermal treatment of dispersible raw material, in particular cement raw meal and/or mineral products, having the steps: - admitting fuel via a fuel inlet (48, 50) into an ascending line (62) for conducting hot gases, and - admitting raw meal into the ascending line (62), wherein the raw meal is introduced into the ascending line (62) upstream of the fuel inlet (48, 50) in the flow direction of the gas.
The invention relates to a method for producing cement clinker, said method comprising the steps of: - preheating raw meal in a preheater (12), - calcining the preheated raw meal in a calciner (14), - burning the preheated, calcined raw meal in a kiln (16) to obtain cement clinker, - cooling the cement clinker in a cooler (18), - withdrawing, as a bypass gas, some of the exhaust gases flowing out of the kiln (16), - cooling the bypass gas in a mixing chamber (60) using a cooling gas, and - separating dust contained in the bypass gas, wherein at least some or all of the cooling gas is formed from the bypass gas and/or the exhaust gas from the calciner, and wherein the cooling gas is introduced into the mixing chamber (60) at a ratio of 2-10 to 1 in relation to the bypass gas.
The invention relates to a method for producing cement clinker, said method comprising the steps of: preheating raw meal in a preheater (12), calcining the preheated raw meal in a calciner (14), burning the preheated, calcined raw meal in a kiln (16) to obtain cement clinker, wherein a combustion gas containing a percentage of oxygen is supplied to the kiln (16) and the temperature inside the kiln (16) is ascertained, and cooling the cement clinker in a cooler (18), wherein the oxygen supply to the kiln (16) is adjusted according to the ascertained temperature in the kiln (16), the ascertained temperature being compared with a desired value, and the oxygen supply to the kiln (16) and/or to the calciner (14) being increased or reduced when the ascertained temperature differs from the desired value, the desired value being set in accordance with the particle size distribution and/or the lime standard.
1-methoxy-2-propanol and 2-methoxy-1-propanol are recovered from an aqueous effluent stream by liquid-liquid-extraction, followed by extractive distillation, distillation of methoxypropanols from the extraction solvent and distillative separation of the methoxypropanol isomers. Recovered extraction solvent is recycled to the extraction and extractive distillation steps. Heat transfer from recovered extraction solvent to the extract fed to the extractive distillation reduces energy demand of the process. A facility for this process comprises a countercurrent extraction column (1), an extractive distillation column (3), a solvent recovery distillation column (4), an isomer separation distillation column (5) and a heat exchanger (8) for transferring heat from recovered extraction solvent to the extract fed to the extractive distillation.
A cooler for cooling bulk material such as cement clinker may include a stationary aeration grate that is for receiving the bulk material is passably by a flow of cooling gas, a conveyor unit having conveyor planks that are disposed above the aeration grate and that for transporting the bulk material are movable in a reciprocating manner in a conveying direction and counter to the conveying direction, a seal assembly that prevents grate riddlings and is attached to the stationary aeration grate, and a drive element that drives the conveyor planks and extends through the stationary aeration grate. The seal assembly may lie against the drive element, and spacing between the seal assembly and the drive element may be adjustable. Further, a method for preventing grate riddlings in a cooler may involve in the event of wear decreasing the spacing between the seal assembly and the drive element.
A method for closed-loop control of a chemical process may involve acquiring process data with sensors, transferring the process data to a control system via a fieldbus, transferring a subset of the process data to a computer system that includes a simulation program for stationary and dynamic process simulation of the chemical process, a closed-loop control program for implementing a closed-loop controller, and a memory for storing simulated state variables, cyclically repeatedly calculating and storing the simulated state variables of the chemical process by the simulation program from the subset of the process data, transferring a setpoint value of a control variable of the chemical process to the closed-loop control program, reading a subset of the simulated state variables for input into the closed-loop control program, ascertaining a manipulated variable to achieve the setpoint value by the closed-loop control program, and transferring the calculated manipulated variable to the control system.
G05B 13/04 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
G05B 19/418 - Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control (DNC), flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), integrated manufacturing systems (IMS), computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)
G06F 18/214 - Generating training patterns; Bootstrap methods, e.g. bagging or boosting
H04W 4/80 - Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
81.
COOLER FOR COOLING BULK MATERIAL, IN PARTICULAR CEMENT CLINKER
The present invention relates to a cooler (10) for cooling bulk material (12), in particular cement clinker, having a cooling-gas space (14), through which a stream of cooling gas for cooling the bulk material (12) can flow in a transverse stream, and a conveying device for conveying the bulk material (12) in the conveying direction (F) through the cooling-gas space (14), wherein the cooling-gas space (14) comprises a first cooling-gas-space portion (16) with a first cooling-gas stream (26) and a second cooling-gas-space portion (18), which adjoins the first in the conveying direction (F) of the bulk material (12) and has a second cooling-gas stream (30), wherein the cooler (10) has a separating device (34) for gas separation of the cooling-gas-space portions (16, 18) from one another, wherein the separating device (34) has a plurality of sealing elements (42) and at least one suspending element (40), on which a plurality of sealing elements (42) are mounted.
The present invention relates to a reactor (10) having at least one catalyst bed (14) for the catalytic treatment of a gas stream, especially a reactor for the catalytic treatment of the tail gas for reduction in the content of nitrogen oxides in processes for producing nitric acid by the Ostwald process, wherein the catalyst bed (14) extends essentially over the cross section of the reactor (10) and the gas to be treated flows axially through the catalyst bed, wherein the reactor comprises a support structure for the catalyst bed that is mounted at least partly in a suspended manner within the reactor, wherein the support structure comprises a sieve element (20), and support elements below the sieve element (20) that are fixedly connected to the reactor wall radially on the outside, wherein the sieve element (20) creates a contact plane for the catalyst bed (14) and wherein the sieve element ends with a margin from the reactor wall radially on the outside. In the reactor of the invention, the support structure, aside from support elements connected fixedly to the reactor wall, comprises bearing elements for the at least one sieve element that are likewise mounted in a suspended manner within the reactor. In this way, an improved suspended mount is created, where both the sieve element itself, on which the catalyst bed rests, and further parts of the support structure are mounted so as to prevent stresses as a result of thermal expansion.
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
Commissariat A L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives (France)
Total Raffinage Chimie (France)
Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions AG (Germany)
Avril (France)
Bionext (France)
Inventor
Plennevaux, Thomas
Gazarian, Jeremy
Bournay, Laurent
Ullrich, Norbert
Hecquet, Michael
Abstract
c) a step for co-grinding the solid torrefied biomass effluent obtained from step b) in the presence of a second biomass feed in order to obtain a powder.
C10J 3/62 - Processes with separate withdrawal of the distillation products
C10B 49/02 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
The present invention relates to a roller mill (10) for comminuting bulk material, comprising a first milling roller (12) and a second milling roller (14), which are arranged so as to be opposite one another and which can be driven in a contra-rotating manner, wherein a milling gap (16) is formed between the milling rollers (12, 14), and a floating bearing unit (26) for receiving the first milling roller (12), and a fixed bearing unit (28) for receiving the second milling roller (14), wherein the floating bearing unit (26) has two bearings (34, 36) which each receive one end of the first milling roller (12), wherein the floating bearing unit (26) has mounted thereon a plurality of hydraulic actuators (38, 40) for applying a force to the floating bearing unit (26), and wherein the bearings (34, 36) of the floating bearing unit (26) are connected to one another by way of a synchronizing device (42), wherein the synchronizing device (42) has a coupling element (62, 64; 82) that prevents a relative movement of the bearings (34, 36) in a coupling position and allows a relative movement of the bearings (34, 36) in a free position.
The present invention relates to an absorption tower (10) for a plant for the production of nitric acid by the Ostwald process, comprising a plurality of sieve trays (14) spaced apart from one another and arranged one above the other, an inlet (12) for water in an upper region of the absorption tower, an inlet (13) for gaseous nitrogen oxides in a lower region of the absorption tower (10) and a column sump (15) arranged in the lower end region of the absorption tower beneath the lowest sieve tray, which sump is subdivided by at least one partition (16) into at least two regions (20, 21) separated from one another, wherein, according to the invention, at least one partition (16) is arranged in a course such that the partition divides the column sump (15) into a first, radially inner region (20) and at least one second, radially outer region (21). Because the regions (20, 21) are separated from one another, it is possible initially to trap in a central region the nitric acid which drips from the lowest sieve trays (14) and thus has a higher concentration. The nitric acid then draining from sieve trays located further above, which is less concentrated, can then be captured separately in a region (21) located further outwards.
In a method and a device for operating a plant for storing bulk material, the plant comprising at least one stockpile-like storage region, in particular a facility for transloading materials or a material recovery plant, a digital stockpile model is in particular created for the at least one storage region and, on the basis of the created stockpile model, the development of physical and/or chemical states, which may occur during storage of the respectively stored material, is predicted, and the predicted physical and/or chemical states are used as reference during storage operation in order to ensure material-preserving storage of the stored material.
Processes and plants for producing cement clinker, wherein no recirculation of preheater exhaust gases occurs and the ratio of solid fed in to exhaust gas in the preheater is set to greater than 1.0 kg of solid to gas.
The invention relates to a process for ammonia synthesis in a synthesis loop (1), a gas mixture containing nitrogen (N2), hydrogen (H2) and ammonia (NH3) being circulated in the synthesis loop (1) by means of a conveying device (2), nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) being at least partly converted to ammonia (NH3) in a converter (3) and the gas mixture being cooled off in a cooling device (4) such that the ammonia (NH3) is condensed out of the gas mixture. A process which avoids the disadvantages of adsorption drying and absorption is characterized in that hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2) are introduced into the synthesis loop (1) in different sections.
C25B 1/04 - Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
89.
CONE CRUSHER CRUSHING CONE, CRUSHING CONE MANTLE HOLDER FOR A CONE CRUSHER CRUSHING CONE, CRUSHER HAVING A CONE CRUSHER CRUSHING CONE AND METHOD FOR FASTENING AND RELEASING A CRUSHING CONE MANTLE
The present invention relates to a cone crusher crushing cone comprising: a crushing cone shaft having an external thread; a crushing cone body which is arranged non-rotatably and concentrically around a portion of the crushing cone shaft; a crushing cone mantle which is supported on the crushing cone body; and a crushing cone mantle holder which comprises a nut, which has a central threaded hole with an internal thread which interacts with the external thread of the crushing cone shaft, and a clamping ring which has a central opening and fixes the crushing cone mantle on the crushing cone body. The crushing cone mantle holder comprises at least two externally threaded screws, and the nut has at least two bores, of which each bore has an internal thread and is associated with a specific one of the at least two screws, the internal thread of each bore interacting with the external thread of the specific associated screw in such a way that, due to a rotary movement of the at least two screws relative to the nut, the distance between the clamping ring and the nut can be changed from a first distance to a second distance which is different from the first distance, so that the internal thread of the nut is axially braced against the external thread of the crushing cone shaft. Furthermore, the invention relates to a crushing cone mantle holder, a crusher and a method for fastening a crushing cone mantle to a crushing cone body or releasing it therefrom.
The present invention relates to a device for the production of cement clinker, said device comprising a preheater (50), a calciner (60) and a cooler (70). Said device also comprises a feed for cement raw material, characterized in that a mechanical fluidized bed reactor (30) is arranged between the feed for cement raw material and the preheater (50), the calciner (60) being directly connected to the cooler (70).
The invention invention relates to a device for the thermal treatment of mineral raw materials, in particular lithium ores, said device comprising a comminution device (10), a granulation device (30) and a heat treatment device, characterized in that the granulation device (30) is a mechanical fluidized bed reactor.
The invention relates to an assembly comprising a steam saturator (10) for generating saturated steam and a device for back-feeding the fluid evaporated in the steam saturator, wherein the steam saturator (10) comprises a steam inlet (12), via which steam is supplied to the steam saturator, the steam saturator (10) comprises a steam outlet (11) for the generated saturated steam, the steam saturator (10) also comprises a condensate inlet (13) via which condensate is supplied to the steam saturator, the steam saturator (10) comprises a condensate return (27) and a fluid level of condensate is maintained in the lower region of the steam saturator (10), which is fluidically connected to the condensate return (27), wherein the condensate return (27) is connected to the device for back-feeding the evaporated fluid, and wherein, according to the invention, the device for back-feeding is designed as a condenser (22) and comprises a cooling device (26) for condensing steam supplied to same. In terms of the steam saturator (10), the evaporated fluid is effectively only replaced as required, if the condensate level in the steam saturator (10) falls, namely by condensing saturated steam, which is supplied to the condenser (22) from the steam saturator and then condensed in the condenser by means of the cooling device. The back-feeding occurs in a depressurised manner and without an external power source.
The present invention relates to a stirred ball mill (1) comprising a milling container (2), at least three stirring shafts (3) and a drive (4), the milling container (2) being arranged in a main direction and having a milling chamber (5) which is suitable for receiving milling material and milling aids. Each of the at least three stirring shafts (3) has a centre axis (X) arranged parallel to the main direction of the milling container (2) and is designed as a screw fixed to the frame in the milling container (2) and rotatable about the centre axis (X). The drive (4) is designed to rotate the at least three stirring shafts (3) about their respective centre axes (X), wherein the at least three stirring shafts (3) do not touch each other, and the centre axes (X) of the at least three stirring shafts (3) are arranged as side edges of a prism. The invention also relates to a stirred ball mill stirring mechanism for such a stirred ball mill (1) and to a method for comminuting milling material.
The invention relates to a roller press device (10) for milling input material (M), comprising: a fixedly mounted fixed roller (2) having a roller shaft (y2) mounted so as to be at least approximately in a fixed position; a loosely mounted loose roller (3) having a roller shaft (y3) that can be arranged in a variable position; a frame (11) supporting at least the fixed roller and optionally also the loose roller; at least one force application unit (15) acting on the loose roller at a force application point (P2); wherein the fixed and loose rollers can be mounted and positioned relative to one another for applying a milling force (F); wherein the loose roller (3) with the positionally variable roller shaft (y3) is mounted so as to pivot about a pivot axis (P3) in the manner of a one-sided lever (16) such that the relative position of the loose roller relative to the fixed roller can be defined by said pivot movement, the one-sided lever (16) being formed between the pivot axis (P3) and the force application point (P2). This brings about not only advantages in terms of design. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding method for milling input material.
The present invention relates to a process for preparing nitric acid using the Ostwald process, comprising the reaction of ammonia with atmospheric oxygen (primary air) to form a gas flow containing NOx in an ammonia oxidation reactor (11) at a first pressure and absorption of the gas flow containing NOx in water in an absorption apparatus (25) at a second pressure which is higher than the first pressure, wherein the process comprises a step in which the nitric acid is bleached using bleaching air (secondary air), the bleaching being carried out at approximately the pressure level of the first pressure, the secondary air according to the invention being brought to the operating pressure of the bleaching process via at least one separate secondary air compressor (40) or a secondary air compressor stage, and said separate secondary air compressor (40) being independent of the compressor (14) by means of which the primary air is brought to the first pressure of the ammonia oxidation reaction. In the process according to the invention, an increase in pressure to the second, higher pressure, at which the absorption of the NOx gases in the absorption apparatus takes place, is not provided until downstream of the bleaching process. The NOx compressor of the main machine, which NOx compressor can further be arranged on the shaft of the primary air compressor, is not put under strain in this process concept.
The invention relates to a method for producing sulphuric acid and cement clinker using calcium sulphate, which is formed and separated as a solid by-product during the production of phosphoric acid when raw phosphate is reacted with sulphuric acid to form phosphoric acid, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) the calcium sulphate separated from the phosphoric acid is treated with an acid in order to obtain a suspension containing purified calcium sulphate; b) the purified calcium sulphate is separated from the liquid phase of the resulting suspension as a solid material, wherein the obtained liquid phase can be introduced into the reaction unit of the phosphoric acid production as a feedstock; c) the separated purified calcium sulphate is mixed with additives and reducing agents in order to obtain a raw meal mixture for cement clinker production, wherein, in the raw meal mixture, the calcium component for the cement clinker is formed preferably entirely from the separated purified calcium sulphate; d) the raw meal mixture is burnt in order to obtain the cement clinker, and sulphur dioxide is formed as a waste gas; and e) the resulting sulphur dioxide is supplied to a sulphuric acid production as a raw material in order to produce the sulphuric acid, wherein the produced sulphuric acid is used as a feed material in phosphoric acid production. The method is, in particular, an integrated method. The integrative approach as an overall concept ranging from phosphogypsum to cement clinker and sulphur dioxide takes into consideration the requirements in an existing phosphoric acid and sulphuric acid complex, as well as the requirements of producing high-quality products from phosphogypsum.
C01B 25/232 - Preparation by reacting phosphate containing material with concentrated sulfuric acid and subsequently lixiviating the obtained mass, e.g. clincker process
C01F 11/08 - Oxides or hydroxides by reduction of sulfates
The invention relates to a method for producing sulphuric acid and cement clinker using calcium sulphate, which is formed and separated as a solid by-product during the production of phosphoric acid in the reaction of raw phosphate with sulphuric acid to form phosphoric acid, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) the calcium sulphate separated from the phosphoric acid is treated with an acid in order to obtain a suspension with purified calcium sulphate; b) the purified calcium sulphate is separated from the liquid phase of the obtained suspension as a solid material, wherein the obtained liquid phase can be introduced into the reaction unit of the phosphoric acid production as a feed material; c) the separated purified calcium sulphate is mixed with additives and reducing agents in order to obtain a raw meal mixture for cement clinker production; d) the raw meal mixture is burnt in order to obtain the cement clinker, wherein sulphur dioxide is formed as a waste gas; and e) the formed sulphur dioxide is supplied to a sulphuric acid production as a raw material in order to produce the sulphuric acid, wherein the produced sulphuric acid is used as a feed material in phosphoric acid production. The method is, in particular, an integrated method. The integrative approach as a total concept from phosphogypsum to cement clinker and sulphur dioxide takes into consideration the requirements in an existing phosphoric acid and sulphuric acid complex.
C01B 25/232 - Preparation by reacting phosphate containing material with concentrated sulfuric acid and subsequently lixiviating the obtained mass, e.g. clincker process
C01F 11/08 - Oxides or hydroxides by reduction of sulfates
98.
INTEGRATED METHOD FOR PRODUCING SULPHUR DIOXIDE QUALITY SUITABLE FOR A SULPHURIC ACID PROCESS FROM CALCIUM SULPHATE/PHOSPHOGYPSUM FROM PHOSPHORIC ACID PRODUCTION
The invention relates to a method for producing sulphuric acid and cement clinker using calcium sulphate, which is formed and separated as a solid by-product during the production of phosphoric acid in the reaction of raw phosphate with sulphuric acid to form phosphoric acid, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) the calcium sulphate separated from the phosphoric acid is treated with an acid in order to obtain a suspension with purified calcium sulphate; b) the purified calcium sulphate is separated from the liquid phase of the obtained suspension as a solid material, wherein the obtained liquid phase can be introduced into the reaction unit of the phosphoric acid production as a feed material; c) the separated purified calcium sulphate is mixed with additives and reducing agents in order to obtain a raw meal mixture for cement clinker production; d) the raw meal mixture is burnt in order to obtain the cement clinker, wherein sulphur dioxide is formed as a waste gas; e) the formed sulphur dioxide undergoes a waste gas cleaning; and f) same is supplied to a sulphuric acid production as a raw material in order to produce the sulphuric acid, wherein the produced sulphuric acid is used as a feed material in phosphoric acid production. The method is, in particular, an integrated method. The integrative approach as a total concept from phosphogypsum to cement clinker and sulphur dioxide takes into consideration the requirements in an existing phosphoric acid and sulphuric acid complex.
C01B 25/232 - Preparation by reacting phosphate containing material with concentrated sulfuric acid and subsequently lixiviating the obtained mass, e.g. clincker process
C01F 11/08 - Oxides or hydroxides by reduction of sulfates
METHOD FOR PRODUCING PHOSPHORIC ACID AND CALCIUM SULPHATE QUALITY SUITABLE FOR A CLINKER PROCESS FOR THE COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL UTILISATION OF CALCIUM SULPHATE
C01B 25/232 - Preparation by reacting phosphate containing material with concentrated sulfuric acid and subsequently lixiviating the obtained mass, e.g. clincker process
C01F 11/08 - Oxides or hydroxides by reduction of sulfates
INTEGRATED METHOD FOR THE COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL UTILISATION OF CALCIUM SULPHATE WHILST OBTAINING RARE EARTH ELEMENTS FROM THE PRODUCTION OF PHOSPHORIC ACID
The invention relates to a method for producing sulphuric acid and cement clinker and for obtaining rare earth elements using calcium sulphate, which is formed and separated as a solid by-product during the production of phosphoric acid when raw phosphate is reacted with sulphuric acid to form phosphoric acid, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) the calcium sulphate separated from the phosphoric acid is treated with an acid in order to obtain a suspension containing purified calcium sulphate; b) the purified calcium sulphate is separated from the liquid phase of the resulting suspension as a solid material, wherein the resulting liquid phase can be introduced into the reaction unit of the phosphoric acid production as a feedstock; b1) the purified calcium sulphate obtained in step b) is treated with water or with an aqueous solution containing salt and/or chelating ligand, in order to release the rare earth elements from the calcium sulphate; b2) from the suspension obtained in step b1), the further purified calcium sulphate is separated as a solid material from the liquid phase, the liquid phase containing one or more rare earth elements; c) the separated purified calcium sulphate is mixed with additives and reducing agents in order to obtain a raw meal mixture for cement clinker production; d) the raw meal mixture is burnt in order to obtain the cement clinker, whilst sulphur dioxide is formed as a waste gas; and e) the formed sulphur dioxide is supplied as a raw material for sulphuric acid production, in order to produce the sulphuric acid, wherein the produced sulphuric acid is used as a feedstock in phosphoric acid production. The method is, in particular, an integrated method. The integrative approach as an overall concept ranging from phosphogypsum to cement clinker and sulphur dioxide takes into consideration the requirements in an existing phosphoric acid and sulphuric acid complex.
C01B 25/232 - Preparation by reacting phosphate containing material with concentrated sulfuric acid and subsequently lixiviating the obtained mass, e.g. clincker process
C01F 11/08 - Oxides or hydroxides by reduction of sulfates
patents
