Abstract

This invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to a device and method for electrolyte composition analysis based on differential thermal measurements for aluminum electrolysis control. The device is comprised of a metal body including a reference material and an electrolyte sample receptacle, temperature sensors immersed into the reference material and in an electrolyte sample, a system for registration, data processing, and visualization of obtained results. A method includes immersing a metal body into an electrolyte; filling a receptacles with the molten electrolyte; removing and cooling down the metal body having the filled receptacle above a crust on the molten electrolyte surface; drawing and analyzing differential-thermal curves based on which the liquidus temperature, electrolyte superheating and phase and blend compositions of electrolyte solid samples are determined taking into account all crystallizing phases the content of which in the electrolyte sample is no less than 3 wt %.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 25/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means
• C25C 3/20 - Automatic control or regulation of cells
• C25C 3/18 - Electrolytes
• G01N 33/205 - Metals in liquid state, e.g. molten metals
• G01N 1/12 - DippersDredgers
• G01N 25/48 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity on solution, sorption, or a chemical reaction not involving combustion or catalytic oxidation

Abstract

A method for combined rolling and extruding of cast billet is proposed. When implementing the method for combined rolling and extruding of metals or alloys, a cast billet with a predetermined temperature is fed to the working gauge, in which it is rolled and then to the die, through which the cast billet is extruded. When the cast billet is fed into the working gauge, a cladding layer of metal or alloy is created on the surfaces of the rolls by extruding the cast billet through the gaps formed between the surfaces of the rolls and the die. This invention makes it possible to improve the quality of the resulting products, as well as to increase the efficiency of the process as a whole.

IPC Classes  ?

• B21C 23/08 - Making wire, rods or tubes
• B21C 33/00 - Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded
• B21C 29/00 - Cooling or heating extruded work or parts of the extrusion press
• B21C 23/00 - Extruding metalImpact extrusion
• C22F 1/04 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
• B21C 29/04 - Cooling or heating extruded work or parts of the extrusion press of press heads, dies, or mandrels
• B22D 11/00 - Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
• B21B 15/00 - Arrangements for performing additional metal-working operations specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
• B21B 1/46 - Metal rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-sectionSequence of operations in milling trainsLayout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of standsSuccession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
• C22F 1/047 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
• C22F 1/05 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
• B22D 11/06 - Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
• C22F 1/043 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
• B29C 48/00 - Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired formApparatus therefor
• B22D 11/12 - Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
• C22C 21/00 - Alloys based on aluminium
• B21B 3/00 - Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences

Abstract

2O. Also provided is a method for producing high-purity scandium oxide, with a purity of approximately 99 wt. %.

IPC Classes  ?

• C22B 59/00 - Obtaining rare earth metals
• C22B 3/20 - Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
• C01F 17/00 - Compounds of rare earth metals
• C22B 3/12 - Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic alkaline solutions
• C01F 17/10 - Preparation or treatment, e.g. separation or purification
• C01F 17/206 - Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element oxide or hydroxide being the only anion

Abstract

The present invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to the process equipment for electrolytic production of primary aluminum, namely to methods for lining cathode assemblies of reduction cells. A method for lining a cathode of a reduction cell for production of aluminum includes filling a cathode device shell with a thermal insulation layer and leveling said layer; filling, leveling and compacting a refractory layer; installing bottom and side blocks followed by sealing joints therebetween with a cold ramming paste. Prior to filling a shell bottom with the thermal insulation layer, a layer of fine carbonized particles is formed. The inventive method for lining a cathode assembly of a reduction cell for production of primary aluminum allows to reduce the cost of lining materials and energy consumption for reduction cell operation by means of improved heat resistance of a base and to increase the service life of reduction cells.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25C 3/06 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
• C25C 3/08 - Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes

Abstract

9FeNi phase, which originates from eutectic transformation and represents at least 2 vol %.

IPC Classes  ?

• C22F 1/053 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
• C22C 21/10 - Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent

Abstract

The present invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to the electrolytic production of aluminum, more particularly to a structure of a cathode assembly of a reduction cell for production of aluminum. A lining of a cathode assembly of an aluminum reduction cell is provided which comprises a thermal insulation layer and a fire-resistant layer consisting of no less than two sub-layers, wherein the porosity of the thermal insulation layer and the fire-resistant layer increases from an upper sub-layer to a bottom sub-layer and the thickness ratio of the fire-resistant layer and the thermal insulation layer is no less than ⅓. Also, the present invention provides a method for lining a cathode assembly of a reduction cell and a reduction cell having the claimed cathode assembly lining. The invention is aimed at the reduction of the cyanide content in upper thermal insulation layers and to provision of conditions for material reuse in the thermal insulation layer, waste reduction and improvement of the environmental situation on aluminum production facilities.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25C 7/06 - Operating or servicing
• C25C 3/16 - Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars
• C25C 3/10 - External supporting frames or structures
• C25C 3/08 - Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
• C25C 3/06 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium

Abstract

The present invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to the process equipment for electrolytic production of primary aluminum, namely to methods for lining cathode assemblies of reduction cells. The method for lining a cathode assembly of a reduction cell for production of aluminum comprises filling a cathode assembly shell with a thermal insulation layer, forming a fire-resistant layer followed by the compaction of layers, installing bottom and side blocks followed by sealing joints therebetween with a cold ramming paste. According to the first embodiment of the present invention, a resilient element made of a dense organic substance is placed between the thermal insulation layer and the fire-resistant layer. According to the second embodiment of the present invention, a flexible graphite foil is placed between the thermal insulation layer and the fire-resistant layer, and under the flexible graphite foil, a resilient element made of a dense organic substance is placed. The suggested variants of methods for lining a cathode assembly of a reduction cell for production of primary aluminum allow to reduce energy consumption for reduction cell operation by means of improved stability of thermal and physical properties in a base and to increase the service life of reduction cells.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25C 3/08 - Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes

Abstract

Disclosed herein are methods for producing an aluminum-scandium alloy comprising 0.41-4 wt % of scandium which can be used in industrial production setting. The method is carried out by melting aluminum and a mixture of salts comprising sodium, potassium and aluminum fluorides followed by performing simultaneously, while continuously supplying scandium oxide, an aluminothermic reduction of scandium from its oxide and an electrolytic decomposition of the formed alumina. Periodically, at least a portion of the produced alloy is removed, aluminum is then charged, and the process of alloy production is continued while supplying scandium oxide. Also disclosed is a reactor for producing an aluminum-scandium alloy pursuant to the methods described herein.

IPC Classes  ?

• C22C 1/02 - Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
• C22B 5/04 - Dry processes by aluminium, other metals, or silicon
• C25C 3/12 - Anodes
• C25C 3/06 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
• C22B 21/02 - Obtaining aluminium with reducing
• C22C 21/00 - Alloys based on aluminium
• F27B 14/06 - Crucible or pot furnacesTank furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces, with or without any other source of heat
• C25C 3/18 - Electrolytes
• F27B 14/10 - Crucibles
• B22F 9/20 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds

Abstract

The invention relates to vertical or inclined electrodes of an electrolyzer for electrolytically producing aluminum from aluminum oxide. An electrode contains an electrode base and a surface coating based on refractory ceramics. According to a first variant of the invention, the electrode base is made of a composite material containing between 5% and 90% by mass of refractory ceramics, and of at least one metal having a melting temperature exceeding 1000° C., which forms refractory intermetallic compounds upon interaction with aluminum, and/or containing at least one alloy of such a metal. According to a second variant of the invention, the electrode base is made of a metal alloy, for example structural steel or another alloy, and the surface of the electrode base has applied thereto an intermediary layer consisting of a composite material having the composition described above.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25C 3/12 - Anodes
• C22C 19/07 - Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
• C25B 11/043 - Carbon, e.g. diamond or graphene
• C25B 11/055 - Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
• C04B 41/51 - Metallising
• C04B 41/88 - Metals
• C25C 3/18 - Electrolytes

Abstract

The invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to the electrolytic production of aluminum, namely to the devices for feeding electrolytic cells, and can be used to feed alumina, aluminum fluoride, crushed electrolyte to electrolytic cells for producing aluminum. A device for feeding an electrolytic cell for producing aluminum comprises a hopper, a metering chamber with loading windows located around a perimeter of an upper part of the metering chamber above the hopper base, a valve stem with a pneumatic actuator, an upper locking element rigidly fixed to the valve stem at the upper part of the metering chamber, wherein the upper locking element is positioned between upper and lower edges of loading windows, when the stem is in an upper position, and a lower locking element is mounted on an end of the valve stem. According to a first variant of the present invention, the device is characterized in that at least one metering shuttle valve is provided in the upper part of the metering chamber above the upper locking element, and the metering shuttle valve is rigidly fixed to the valve stem so that its upper end in an initial position of the valve stem is located below the upper edge of the loading windows. According to a second variant of the present invention, the device is characterized in that, inside the hopper above the upper locking element, the device comprises at least one circular rib fixed into the upper part of the metering chamber, at least one rib and at least one baffle plate are fixed to the hopper walls so that the material can pass through gaps between plate ends and the walls of the hopper and the metering chamber. The invention provides for the better stability of feeding and may improve processing performance of an electrolytic cell.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25C 3/14 - Devices for feeding or crust breaking

Abstract

The invention relates to method and apparatus for lining the cathode of the electrolytic cell. The method comprises filling the cell's shell with powder material, leveling it with a rack, covering the fill material with a dust-proof film, and compaction. Compaction is performed in two stages: preliminary static and final dynamic treatment by consequent movement of static and dynamic work tools of compaction along the longitudinal axis of the cathode of the electrolytic cell through a cushion, which is made of at least 2 layers: a lower layer, which prevents pushing powder material forward in the direction of travel, and an upper layer, which provides for a coupling between the cushion and the static work tool. Static treatment unit of the apparatus is designed in the form of a roller with a drive, connected to a dynamic treatment unit with a vibratory exciter by means of elastic elements.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25C 3/08 - Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
• B05C 11/02 - Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surfaceControl of the thickness of a coating
• B05C 11/08 - Spreading liquid or other fluent material by manipulating the work, e.g. tilting

Abstract

The invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy and may be suitable for controlling the feed of alumina to electrolytic cells for producing aluminum to maintain the alumina concentration in the electrolytic melt equal or close to the saturation value. To maintain the alumina concentration within the set range, reduced voltage U or pseudo-resistance R is measured and recorded at fixed time intervals. Underfeeding or overfeeding phases occur compared to a theoretical alumina feeding rate during electrolysis, wherein the duration of underfeeding phases is based on the alumina concentration in the electrolytic melt, and the duration of overfeeding phases is based on the change of one or more electrolytic cell parameters being recorded: reduced voltage, U, pseudo-resistance, R, rates of reduced voltage, dU/dt, pseudo-resistance, dR/dt, change. Adjustments to the anode-cathode distance to maintain the electrolytic cell energy balance may be performed during any of the feeding phases.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25C 3/20 - Automatic control or regulation of cells
• C25C 3/14 - Devices for feeding or crust breaking

Abstract

This invention relates to producing aluminum by electrolysis of a melt and can be used in the process control of an electrolyte composition by quantitative X-ray phase analysis (XRD) of potassium-containing electrolyte with calcium or calcium and magnesium additives. A quantitative XRD method is employed for analyzing doped samples of crystallized bath samples taken from baths. A weighted ground bath sample is mixed with a weighted quantity of sodium fluoride at a ratio, for example, 1:2 by weight. The weighted quantities are mixed and placed in a furnace (650-750° C. for 20-40 minutes) to dissolve sodium fluoride in the sample and recrystallize the sample with the desired phase composition. The doped sample is placed in a furnace (420-450° C) and held for 15-30 minutes. The doped sample is removed from the furnace and allowed to air cool. The phase composition of the doped sample is analyzed by any quantitative X-ray phase method.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 23/20 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structureInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materialsInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
• G01N 23/207 - Diffractometry, e.g. using a probe in a central position and one or more displaceable detectors in circumferential positions
• C25C 3/20 - Automatic control or regulation of cells
• G01N 27/26 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variablesInvestigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
• C25C 3/06 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium

Abstract

wt) cobalt, cerium, yttrium, silicon, and carbon totaling less than 5%, and a protective oxide layer comprising iron oxides and complex oxides of iron, copper, and nickel. The protective oxide layer on the anode surface is obtained by preliminary oxidation in air at a temperature of 850-1050° C. or subsequently in the electrolysis process by oxidation with oxygen evolving at the anode.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25C 3/12 - Anodes
• C22C 30/02 - Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
• C22C 38/02 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
• C22C 38/04 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
• C22C 38/06 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
• C22C 38/08 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
• C22C 38/16 - Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper

Abstract

The invention concerns non-ferrous metallurgy, in particular the composition of an electrolyte for electrically obtaining aluminum by the electrolysis of fluoride melts. The electrolyte proposed contains, in % by weight: sodium fluoride 26-43, potassium fluoride up to 12, lithium fluoride up to 5, calcium fluoride 2-6, alumina 2-6, aluminum fluoride and admixtures—the remainder. The technical result is to increase the solubility of alumina in the electrolyte at a temperature of 830-930° C. In the electrolyte being applied for, the carbon and inert electrode materials are not destroyed, and the use of special methods to purify the aluminum of melt components is not required.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25C 3/18 - Electrolytes
• C01F 7/54 - Double compounds containing both aluminium and alkali metals or alkaline earth metals

Abstract

The invention pertains to methods of producing aluminum trioxide in the form of powders or agglomerations with particles having a porous honeycomb structure, which can be used as catalyst substrates, adsorbents and filters for the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industry. The method of production of aluminum oxide in the form of powders or agglomerations with particles having a porous honeycomb structure involves the treatment of the aluminum salt with a solution of an alkaline reagent, washing of the sediment and thermal treatment thereof. The technical result of the invention is the production of aluminum oxide in the form of separate particles with given structure and properties, specifically, with particle porosity of 60-80% and a porous structure represented by extensive parallel channels with near hexagonal packing, with dimension of the channels at the diameter of 0.3 to 1.0 micron and length up to 50 microns. For this, the aluminum salt used is crystals of aluminum chloride hexahydrate, which are treated with an excess aqueous solution of ammonia at temperature of 20-80° C. to form boehmite, and the heat treatment is done at 450-650° C. until aluminum oxide is formed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01F 7/00 - Compounds of aluminium
• C01F 7/30 - Preparation of aluminium oxide or hydroxide by thermal decomposition or by hydrolysis or oxidation of aluminium compounds
• C01F 7/34 - Preparation of aluminium hydroxide by precipitation from solutions containing aluminium salts
• C01F 7/44 - Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water
• B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxideSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
• B01J 20/30 - Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalystsProcesses, in general, for activation of catalysts
• B01J 37/06 - Washing
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• B01J 35/04 - Foraminous structures, sieves, grids, honeycombs
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 35/02 - Solids

Abstract

The invention relates to electrowinning of aluminum from cryolite-alumina melts, and can be used in the shunt design of a cathode assembly. In an aluminum electrolysis cell, cathode vertical metal shunts, are designed such that their top part is melted aluminum, and the bottom part is solid aluminum. Shunts are located in conduits made in a hearth slab lining which has a widening in the middle part which is wider than both parts of the shunts. The widening in the shunt conduit can be filled with a composite material, i.e. titanium diboride-carbon. The shunts can be designed as a tube, and the widening in the conduit and the space inside the tube can be filled with the composite material titanium diboride-carbon. The invention makes it possible to increase the electrical efficiency due to the absence of contact assemblies, reduced current loss, and achieving an effective current distribution and current shunting.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25C 3/08 - Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
• C25C 3/16 - Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars

Abstract

The invention provides a lining for an aluminium electrolyzer having inert anodes and is enclosed in a cathode casing comprising a bottom formed from taller blocks having projections and shorter bottom blocks. The shorter bottom blocks are mounted at the ends of the bottom of the cathode device. The shorter bottom blocks alternate with the taller bottom blocks having projections. Vertical channels are provided in the projections of the blocks over the entire thickness of the block for the mounting of conductive elements formed from aluminium and are attached in the lower part to a current-carrying collector that is in the form of a plate which extends out of the ends of the bottom blocks and through the longitudinal sides of the cathode casing.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25C 3/08 - Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
• C25C 3/16 - Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars

Abstract

The invention relates to method and apparatus for lining the cathode of the electrolytic cell. The method comprises filling the cell's shell with powder material, leveling it with a rack, covering the fill material with a dust-proof film, and compaction. Compaction is performed in two stages: preliminary static and final dynamic treatment by consequent movement of static and dynamic work tools of compaction along the longitudinal axis of the cathode of the electrolytic cell through a cushion, which is made of at least 2 layers: a lower layer, which prevents pushing powder material forward in the direction of travel, and an upper layer, which provides for a coupling between the cushion and the static work tool. Static treatment unit of the apparatus, designed in the form of a roller with a drive, is connected to a dynamic treatment unit with a vibratory exciter by means of elastic elements.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25C 3/08 - Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
• B05C 11/02 - Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surfaceControl of the thickness of a coating
• B05C 11/08 - Spreading liquid or other fluent material by manipulating the work, e.g. tilting

Abstract

The invention relates to a busbar arrangement for heavy-duty aluminum electrolyzers when said electrolyzers have a longitudinal position. The busbar arrangement comprises anode busbars, risers and cathode rods, which are divided into groups, each of which is connected to separate cathode busbars, wherein the cathode busbars for the groups of rods closest to the input end of the preceding electrolyzer are connected to the risers positioned at the input end of the following electrolyzer, and the remaining groups of cathode rods are connected to the risers at the output end of the following electrolyzer. The cathode busbars for the groups of rods closest to the input end of the preceding electrolyzer are positioned beneath the base of the preceding electrolyzer, and the cathode busbars of the remaining groups of rods are positioned beneath the base of the preceding and the following electrolyzers or of the preceeding and following electrolyzers and along the cathode sheath on the front face side of the following electrolyzer. The risers at the input end of the following electrolyzer are mounted with an offset towards the center of the electrolyzer relative to the risers at the output end of the following electrolyzer. A high degree of compensation of electromagnetic forces in the melt is achieved by virtue of optimization of the configuration of the magnetic field in the electrolyzer bath and a reduction in the vertical magnetic field.

IPC Classes  ?

• C25C 3/16 - Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars
• C25B 9/04 - Devices for current supply; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections

Abstract

The invention relates to metallurgy, in particular to acidic methods for producing alumina, and can be used in processing low-grade aluminum-containing raw material. The method for producing alumina comprises roasting an aluminum-containing raw material, treating said material with hydrochloric acid, salting out aluminum chloride by saturating the clarified chloride solution with gaseous hydrogen chloride, calcining aluminum chloride to produce aluminum oxide, and pyrohydrolyzing the mother liquor, with the return of hydrogen chloride to the acid treatment and salting out stages. To improve the quality of the alumina and to reduce energy consumption, the aluminum chloride, precipitated during the salting-out process, is treated with aqueous ammonia, the resulting precipitate is sent to calcination, and the ammonium chloride solution is mixed with said aluminum-containing raw material before or during the roasting thereof, ammonia released during the roasting is dissolved in water, and the resulting aqueous ammonia is sent to the treatment of aluminum chloride. The ammonium chloride solution, prior to mixing with the aluminum-containing raw material, may be subjected to stepwise evaporation with the repeated use of heating steam. The ammonium chloride released during the evaporation can be mixed with the aluminum-containing raw material.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01F 7/30 - Preparation of aluminium oxide or hydroxide by thermal decomposition or by hydrolysis or oxidation of aluminium compounds
• C01F 7/34 - Preparation of aluminium hydroxide by precipitation from solutions containing aluminium salts
• C01F 7/44 - Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water
• C01F 7/56 - Chlorides
• C01G 49/06 - Ferric oxide [Fe2O3]
• C22B 3/10 - Hydrochloric acid
• C22B 3/44 - Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
• C22B 21/00 - Obtaining aluminium