An array of ultrasonic transducers in a conical formation emits pulses of ultrasonic simultaneously so that an anomaly of any orientation in a test object can be detected efficiently.
G01N 29/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic wavesVisualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object Details
G10K 11/32 - Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning characterised by shape of the source
2.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING SEAMLESS HOT-ROLLED PIPES IN CONTINUOUS PIPE ROLLING MILLS
The invention relates to a method for producing seamless pipes, wherein a hot hollow block created previously in a piercing mill (1) is stretched by means of a continuous rolling mill (2) on a mandrel bar to form a parent pipe and the parent pipe is fed directly to a stretch reducing mill or sizing mill (5) as a finishing mill, while forgoing an extracting mill and a reheating furnace, and is rolled there to the required final pipe diameter. The hollow block is pre-dimensioned in the layer thereof in such a manner that only a single layer is produced as the required parent pipe layer during the stretching in the continuous rolling mill and the parent pipe is pulled off of the mandrel rod by the finishing rolling during the subsequent finishing rolling, wherein the rolling is performed using rolling mill components that are designed in the dimensions thereof for handling single layers.
The invention relates to a method for measuring the profile geometry of curved, in particular cylindrical bodies by means of a two-dimensional light-section method, wherein a fan-shaped light section line (2) is imaged on a sub-region of the circumferential contour of the body (4) by means of a projector (1), and the beams reflected by the surface of the body are received by a detector (3). The height profiles of the respective sub-regions of the circumferential contour, which are measured during the rotation on the body, are joined into a circumferential contour made of virtual circumferential segments of the individual height profiles, using the following steps: a) synchronized recording of the height profiles, b) imaging the height values on the circumferential segments made of data points present in a two-dimensional space, c) determining the angular position of each height profile, d) disposing the individual circumferential segments in the positions that the associated height profiles take physically on the respective sub-region of the circumferential contour by means of rotation about a common rotation point for all circumferential segments, e) determining the overlap lengths of the circumferential segments, f) rotating and displacing the circumferential segments in such a manner that the overlapping regions overlap one another in a uniform manner, erroneous angles of rotation and spatial positions thereby being corrected, wherein, during recording, the ends of adjacent height profiles partially overlap and/or the ends are extended by extrapolation and overlapping end regions of adjacent circumferential segments are formed.
G01B 11/25 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. moiré fringes, on the object
The invention relates to a traction rod (1) for bracing a crane jib, comprising a metallic tubular body (2) and coupling elements (3) which are connected to both ends thereof for an articulated connection of the traction rods among each other by means of bolts (5). According to the invention, the tubular body and the coupling elements consist of a one-piece tube portion, wherein the coupling elements are designed in each case as a thicker zone of the wall of the ends of the tubular body and are dimensioned in such a manner that a weakening of the cross section of the nominal wall thickness of the coupling elements, which has to be considered for calculating the load capacity of the tubular body, is prevented in the region of the bolt connection and the transition regions (7) from the respective thicker zones of the wall in the direction of the tubular body have a transition free of starting points for increasing fatigue strength.
In a method for the nondestructive testing of pipes made of ferromagnetic steel for flaws by means of stray flux, the pipe is magnetized by a constant field and the discontinuities in the near-surface region of the outer or inner surface of the pipe cause magnetic stray fluxes, which exit the pipe surface and are detected by probes of a test unit, wherein the association of the detected amplitude signals is performed on the basis of the amplitude height and/or the frequency spectrum with respect to an external or internal flaw via defined flaw thresholds respectively. For this, prior to associating the detected amplitude signals to an external or internal flaw, the angular position of the flaw relative to the respective magnetic field direction is determined, and a correction of the signals is carried out via a previously determined correction factor for amplitudes and/or frequencies of a perpendicular angular position.
G01N 27/82 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
G06K 9/00 - Methods or arrangements for reading or recognising printed or written characters or for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints
6.
Method for checking the driftability of metallic tubes
The invention relates to a method for testing the driftability of metal tubes, wherein a cylindrical drift body having a defined diameter and a defined length is guided through the tube with defined force for ensuring a predetermined internal diameter and a minimum straightness. Virtual drifting is hereby performed instead of the physical drift operation.
G01B 21/10 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring diameters
7.
Method for individual tracking of metallic hollow bodies
The invention relates to a method for the individual tracking of metallic hollow bodies, in particular hot-fabricated steel tubes, wherein following a final step of hot-work the individual tube is provided with a distinctive identification on the tube circumference, which is read in the feed region to the subsequent manufacturing or test stations automatically as a video image during transport and independently from the direction of transport. According to the invention, the labeling of the tube circumference is carried out in at least two segment-like sections, the tube circumference being divided, wherein the labeling is carried out in segments with a rotation of less than 360 DEG of the numbering unit and the segments comprise an axial offset relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube, which is greater than the width of the data matrix code.
G06K 7/00 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers
G06K 7/10 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation
G06K 9/18 - Methods or arrangements for reading or recognising printed or written characters or for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints using printed characters having additional code marks or containing code marks, e.g. the character being composed of individual strokes of different shape, each representing a different code value
G06K 19/06 - Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
G06F 19/00 - Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications (specially adapted for specific functions G06F 17/00;data processing systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes G06Q;healthcare informatics G16H)
8.
CONNECTION ARRANGEMENT OF HOLLOW STEEL SECTIONS SUBJECT TO AXIAL PRESSURE
The invention relates to a connection arrangement of hollow steel sections (3) as support elements which are interconnected using a joint connection, the connection being subject to axial pressure. According to the invention, the joint connection is designed as a detachable, form-fitting plug-in connection.
E04C 3/08 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like componentsHoneycomb girders
E04C 5/065 - Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts
F16B 7/00 - Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections
E04C 3/04 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms of metal
9.
METHOD FOR DIFFERENTIATING AND IDENTIFYING WORKPIECES MADE OF FERROMAGNETIC MATERIAL BY MEANS OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING IN A MAGNETIC FIELD
The invention relates to a method for differentiating and identifying workpieces made of ferromagnetic material, wherein the workpiece is brought into an alternating magnetic field by means of a coil, whereby a voltage is induced in a second coil and is evaluated regarding the amplitude and phase thereof and the test result is compared with sorting limits for test parts of the same material and same heat treatment determined in a previously performed calibration process, wherein the calibration is performed using specified test parameter sets of excitation and measurement frequencies, and for each test parameter set the response signal is evaluated according to amplitude and phase and is associated with classes. In the calibration, the measurement results of all test parameter sets used are simultaneously evaluated by means of a multivariate optimization algorithm in a 2xn dimensional space (n: number of test parameter sets and n ≥ 2), and the association with a class is indicated as a separating surface between the classes by means of a n-1 dimensional hypersurface calculated from the measured values.
G01N 27/90 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
G01N 27/82 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
10.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE OPTIMIZED CIRCULATION OF RODS IN THE PRODUCTION OF A SEAMLESSLY HOT-FABRICATED STEEL PIPE ACCORDING TO THE CONTINUOUS PIPE METHOD
The invention relates to a device for the optimized circulation of mandrels, comprising a presentation and/or cooling table (1) for mandrels, a lubricating station (2) for the mandrels, in some cases an additional drying station for the lubricant applied to the mandrels, and associated roller conveyors (3, 4). A further secondary circulation of rods is arranged upstream of the standard circulation of rods and comprises two redundantly operating transfer tables (11, 12), which are connected to the presentation and/or cooling table by means of a third roller conveyor (2) or the first roller conveyor for the discharge of no longer needed rods from the standard circulation of rods, wherein the third roller conveyor either forms the continuation of the first roller conveyor or is arranged parallel thereto at an offset. Furthermore, a fourth roller conveyor (9) for accommodating mandrels or passing mandrels into the standard circulation of rods by means of an intermediate buffer in an intermittent manner is provided on the opposite side of the transfer tables parallel to the first roller conveyor.
B21B 17/04 - Tube-rolling by rollers of which the axes are arranged essentially perpendicular to the axis of the work, e.g. "axial" tube-rolling with mandrel in a continuous process
The invention relates to a method for producing hot-rolled hollow profiled elements (1) made from steel and having a rectangular or square cross-section, a substantially circular pipe blank produced seamlessly by hot rolling or cold-rolled and welded and having a defined nominal outside diameter (D) first being produced and then formed into a hollow profiled element (1) having the required cross-section at a forming temperature and the visible edges (C1 and C2) of the hollow profiled elements (1) having a value < 1.5 x t (t = wall thickness). For a specified profiled element cross-section, the pipe blank to be inserted into the profile rolling mill has a nominal outside diameter (D) that is determined from a reduction ratio of the pipe blank to be achieved and the hollow profiled element dimensions to be achieved, the reduction ratio lying in a range from -2% to -13% and being determined according to the following formula: reduction ratio R [%] = [(2 x (H + W)) - π x D] x 100 % [2 x (H + W)], D being the nominal outside diameter of the pipe blank and H5B being the edge length of the hollow profiled element (height, width).
The invention relates to a method for filtering measurement signals by way of wavelet filtering, wherein the signals are first transferred to the wavelet domain by way of a wavelet transform, are subjected to threshold analysis, and the threshold values can then be varied in the wavelet domain relative to the respective measurement situation. The measurement signals are filtered by means of a plurality of filters in segmentation levels and a statistical parameter is calculated based on an adjustable number of already calculated wavelet coefficients of a segmentation level and is then multiplied with a value that can be adjusted for all levels together to determine the threshold value of the respective segmentation level.
The invention relates to a method for connecting the ends of steel tubes by means of orbital welding using a hybrid laser arc technique, said tubes preferably having wall thicknesses ≥ 6 mm and more particularly ≥ 12 mm and diameters of preferably ≥ 150 mm, the ends of which tubes are connected by one or more welding passes, wherein the laser and arc welding heads as tools are guided over a guide ring fixedly arranged around a tube end in the region of the weld site during the welding and are displaced around the tube diameter. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method, wherein the laser and the arc welding heads are positioned separately on the guide ring and are controlled and displaced over the tube circumference independently of one another during the welding process.
The invention relates to a traction rod (1) for bracing a crane jib, comprising a metallic tubular body (2) and coupling elements (3) which are connected to both ends thereof for an articulated connection of the traction rods among each other by means of bolts (5). According to the invention, the tubular body and the coupling elements consist of a one-piece tube portion, wherein the coupling elements are designed in each case as a thicker zone of the wall of the ends of the tubular body and are dimensioned in such a manner that a weakening of the cross section of the nominal wall thickness of the coupling elements, which has to be considered for calculating the load capacity of the tubular body, is prevented in the region of the bolt connection and the transition regions (7) from the respective thicker zones of the wall in the direction of the tubular body have a transition free of starting points for increasing fatigue strength.
The invention relates to a method for connecting thick-walled metal workpieces by welding. In order to create the weld joint, the cross-sections are provided with a maximum of three weld regions according to wall thickness, the welding being carried out by a combined use of welding methods: the first weld region (root) is welded by means of laser beam welding or hybrid laser-arc welding, the second weld region is welded by means of hybrid laser-arc welding, and the third weld region required occasionally depending on the thickness of the sheet metal is welded by means of hybrid laser-arc welding or simply arc welding. The invention also relates to a seam preparation corresponding to the respective welding method used.
B23K 31/02 - Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups relating to soldering or welding
The invention relates to a traction rod for bracing a crane jib, comprising a metallic tubular body and coupling elements which are connected to both ends thereof for an articulated connection of the traction rods among each other by means of bolts. According to the invention, the tubular body and the coupling element can be detachably connected to each other, dispensing the need for a bonded connection, wherein the region of the connection is dimensioned in such a manner and is low on notch effects that, by calculation, the entire load capacity of the tube cross section can be exploited with respect to a highest possible fatigue strength.
The invention relates to a method and device for optically measuring external thread profiles, particularly at the ends of pipes, wherein the thread is previously synchronously produced in a production line and is continuously measured in line from start to finish of the thread prior to further processing. The aim of the invention is to allow cost-effective inspection of the thread during synchronous production of the thread. For this purpose, the profile of the previously produced thread is illuminated and/or scanned tangentially to the pipe cross section by means of a relative movement including rotation and translation, and by an optical measuring unit comprising a camera, and the scanning speed is adjusted such that the time for scanning the thread profile, considering the required local resolution of the camera, is within the cycle time for the production of the next thread, wherein the image of the thread contour is captured by the camera and the optical signals are then evaluated and compared to target specifications.
The invention relates to a method for producing seamless tubes from metal, particularly from steel, wherein a previously produced hot hollow block is stretched by means of a three-roll bar rolling mill on a mandrel to form a parent tube and, before running into the bar rolling mill, the hollow block is provided with a rolling step that makes the diameter more uniform by means of an upstream stand. It is in this case provided that the rolls of the upstream stand are moved apart and together to the same extent as the deforming stands of the bar rolling mill, wherein the calibrating base radius of the rolls of the upstream stand extends over 60° and this is followed by a flank radius with a tangential transition which is dimensioned such that even with the maximum adjustment of the rolls in the region of the flank there is virtually no diameter reduction of the largest hollow block diameter to be expected.
The invention relates to a method for testing the driftability of metal tubes, wherein a cylindrical drift body having a defined diameter, defined length, and defined force is fed through the tube for ensuring a prescribed internal diameter and a minimum straightness. In place of the physical drift operation, a virtual drift is thereby performed.
G01B 21/14 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring diameters internal diameters
G01B 21/20 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile
The invention relates to a method for the automated measurement of the residual magnetic field strength of magnetized ferromagnetic workpieces, especially steel tubes, the residual magnetic field exiting the face of the tube end being measured by means of a measuring probe. Instead of directly measuring the residual field strength on the face, the curve of at least one magnetic field component is measured on the outer surface of the tube at least in the region of the tube ends and beyond the tube ends and the residual field strength on the face is inferred on the basis of the previously determined correlations between the residual field strength measured on the face and on the tube surface.
G01N 27/87 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields using probes
B21B 38/00 - Methods or devices for measuring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product
21.
STEEL ALLOY FOR FERRITIC STEEL HAVING EXCELLENT CREEP STRENGTH AND OXIDATION RESISTANCE AT ELEVATED USAGE TEMPERATURES
The invention relates to a steel alloy for steel that is ferritic at the usage temperature, having excellent creep strength and corrosion resistance, particularly at usage temperatures ≤ 750ºC, having the following chemical composition (in wt. %): C ≤ 1.0%; Si ≤ 1.0%; Mn ≤ 1.0%; P max. 0.05%; S max. 0.01%; 2 ≤ Al ≤ 12%; 3 ≤ Cr < 16%; 2 ≤ Ni ≤ 10% and/or 2 ≤ CO ≤ 10%, where 2 ≤ NI+Co ≤ [%Cr] + 2,07x[%Al] >= 0.95x([%Ni] + [%Co]); N max. 0.0200%; the remainder being iron with steel production-related impurities, with the optional addition of one or more elements of V, Ti, Ta, Zr and Nb; with the optional addition of one or both elements of Mo and W; with the optional addition of one or more elements of Hf, B, Se, Y, Te, Sb, La and Zr in the range of a cumulative content of < 0.1%, with the proviso that the steel structure comprises uniformly distributed coherent precipitations based on a chromium-stabilized (Ni, Co)Al-B2 intermetallic order phase.
The invention relates to a method for the individual tracking of metallic hollow bodies, in particular hot-fabricated steel tubes, wherein following a final step of hot-work the individual tube is provided with a distinctive identification on the tube circumference, which is read in the feed region to the subsequent manufacturing or test stations automatically as a video image during transport and independently from the direction of transport. According to the invention, the labeling of the tube circumference is carried out in at least two segment-like sections, the tube circumference being divided, wherein the labeling is carried out in segments with a rotation of less than 360° of the numbering unit and the segments comprise an axial offset relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube, which is greater than the width of the data matrix code.
G06K 1/12 - Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching
G06K 19/06 - Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
The invention relates to a method for the nondestructive testing of pipes made of ferromagnetic steel for flaws by means of leakage flux, wherein the pipe is magnetized by a constant field and the flaws present in the near-surface region of the outer or inner surface of the pipe cause magnetic leakage flux, which exits the pipe surface and is detected by probes of a test unit each for longitudinal and/or transversal flaw testing, wherein the association of the detected amplitude signals is performed on the basis of the amplitude height and/or the frequency spectrum with respect to an outer or inner flaw by external or internal flaw thresholds. To this end, prior to associating the detected amplitude signals with an external or internal flaw, the angular position of the flaw relative to the respective magnetic field direction is determined, and a correction of the signals is carried out by way of a previously determined corrective factor for amplitudes and/or frequencies.
G01N 27/87 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields using probes
24.
HIGH-STRENGTH, LOW-ALLOY STEEL FOR SEAMLESS PIPES WITH OUTSTANDING WELDABILITY AND CORROSION RESISTANCE
1. A high-strength steel and a high-strength, weldable steel pipe. 2.1. The invention relates to a high-strength steel and to a high-strength, weldable steel pipe. 2.2. The high-strength, low-alloy steel for seamless steel pipes with outstanding weldability and resistance to stress corrosion cracking with a minimum yield strength of 620 MPa and a tensile strength of at least 690 MPa is characterized by the composition indicated in claim 1.
The invention relates to a steel alloy for a low alloy steel for producing high-tensile, weldable, hot-rolled seamless steel tubing, in particular construction tubing. The chemical composition (in % by mass) is: 0.15 - 0.18 % C; 0.20 - 0.40 % Si; 1.40 - 1.60 % Mn; max. 0.05 % P; max. 0.01 % S; >0.50 - 0.90 % Cr; > 0.50 - 0.80 % Mo; >0.10 - 0.15 % V; 0.60 - 1.00 % W; 0.0130 - 0.0220 % N; the remainder is made up of iron with production-related impurities; with the optional addition of one or more elements selected from Al, Ni, Nb, Ti, with the proviso that the relationship V/N has a value of between 4 and 12 and the Ni content of the steel is not more than 0.40 %.
The invention relates to an apparatus for making a seamless hollow body (10) from a solid round block (7) of steel with a diameter <95% of the diameter of the solid round block by means of a two-roll cross-rolling mill with a piercing mandrel (3) held between the inclined roll (1) and including a piercer (5) and at least one smoothing part (4) using pass-closing guides, or by means of a three-roll cross rolling mill with a piercing mandrel held between the inclined rolls and including a piercer and at least one smoothing part, wherein the distance of the rolls is adjusted in a particular manner at the narrowest cross-section (2) in relation to the diameter of the used round block, and the position of the piercing mandrel is adjusted in relation to the narrowest cross-section of the rollers.
The invention relates to a method for measuring the eccentricity of a hot-fabricated seamless steel tube during production, in which the tube is produced in the form of a hollow block tube from a solid block or from a hollow block tube which has already been produced, wherein the solid block or the hollow block tube is heated above the Curie temperature and is rolled using an internal tool, and the internal tool has a temperature below the Curie temperature during rolling, and the block or the hollow block tube is transported through the rolling mill or via the axially stationary internal tool. Immediately after emerging from the rolling mill, magnetic fields are induced both in the tube and in the internal tool using eddy current excitation, wherein the eddy current signals which differ as a function of the temperature are detected and evaluated and are used to continuously determine the eccentricity of the internal tool relative to the tube.
G01B 7/312 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring angles or tapersMeasuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes for measuring eccentricity, i.e. lateral shift between two parallel axes
B21B 19/04 - Rolling basic material of solid, i.e. non-hollow, structurePiercing
28.
METHOD FOR THE COMPLETE DETECTION OF THE GEOMETRY OF TEST OBJECTS BY MEANS OF ULTRASOUND
The invention relates to a method for the complete detection of the geometry, particularly the diameter of test objects, such as round bar steel or pipes, by means of ultrasound, wherein the lateral surface of the test object is completely scanned using at least one test head while maintaining a distance, applying water, and performing a relative motion between the test head and the test object, and wherein the diameter, and for pipes the outside diameter, and additionally the wall thickness and the inside diameter are determined for precise locations, while taking the water standoff into consideration. The complete scanning of the test object occurs via a measurement of the water standoff by means of vertical ultrasonic radiation, from which a reference diameter is calculated, and via at least one additional precise optical measurement of the diameter on at least one identical location of the test object measured, or to be measured, by means of ultrasound, a calibration or recalibration of the measurement values for the reference diameter of the ultrasound test occurs, and from this an exact diameter of each location of the test object is calculated.
2.1.The invention relates to a process for the destruction-free testing of metallic pipes, in particular seamlessly produced steel pipes, in which method the entire length of the pipe is scanned following the circumference precisely and in this case, in addition to the wall thickness (WD) and the external diameter (Da) being determined, the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe are examined for faults, the faults determined in this process are compared with a predefined permissible reference fault depth RFT (RFT = fault threshold of x % of the nominal wall thickness), the pipes are sent to reworking means if the fault threshold is exceeded, and a requisite minimum wall thickness (WD min) has to be present in the reworked region after the processing has been carried out. 2.2. For this purpose, the invention provides for the pipes containing faults to be released for reworking only when the determined geometrical parameters have been correlated with one another beforehand in an evaluation step, and the following conditions are met: WD - RFT > WD min for faults on the inner and outer sides of the pipe and Da - RFT > Da min for faults on the outer side of the pipe.
The invention relates to a method for the production of hot-finished, particularly hot-rolled, seamless pipes having optimized fatigue properties in the welded state, having an outside diameter of up to 711 mm and a nominal wall thickness of up to 100 mm, made of metal, in particular steel. After hot or finish rolling, a defined pipe cross-section is produced on at least one pipe end across a predetermined length, having tight tolerances for inside and outside diameters, wherein the cross-section can then be welded to the pipe end of another pipe. According to the invention, in a region a wall thickness is created in a first step at the pipe end in question, the thickness being bigger than on the remaining pipe body, wherein the outside diameter is increased and/or the inside diameter is reduced. In a second step, the required pipe cross-section is produced in said region by mechanical machining, and the transition from the machined to the unmachined region of the pipe is produced with low surface roughness and almost notch-free, and the residual wall thickness remaining in the machining region is within the required tolerances.
The invention relates to a forging mandrel for hot-forging tubular workpieces of metal, said mandrel comprising a mandrel body and a mandrel bar, in which forging mandrel the mandrel body is composed of a heat-resistant material. The forging mandrel according to the invention is embodied here in such a way that the mandrel body is provided, at least in the operating region, with a layer which reduces the dissipation of heat into the mandrel body during the forging process and adheres firmly to the mandrel body, wherein the layer has a lower thermal conductivity than the material of the mandrel body and has a thickness of at least 50 μm.
The invention relates to a method for connecting thick-walled metal workpieces by welding. In order to create the weld joint, the cross-sections are provided with a maximum of three weld regions according to wall thickness, the welding being carried out by a combined use of welding methods: the first weld region (root) is welded by means of laser beam welding or hybrid laser-arc welding, the second weld region is welded by means of hybrid laser-arc welding, and the third weld region required occasionally depending on the thickness of the sheet metal is welded by means of hybrid laser-arc welding or simply arc welding. The invention also relates to a seam preparation corresponding to the respective welding method used.
B23K 26/14 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beamNozzles therefor
The invention relates to a method and device for optically measuring external thread profiles, particularly at the ends of pipes, wherein the thread is previously synchronously produced in a production line and is continuously measured in line from start to finish of the thread prior to further processing. The aim of the invention is to allow cost-effective inspection of the thread during synchronous production of the thread. For this purpose, the profile of the previously produced thread is illuminated and/or scanned tangentially to the pipe cross section by means of a relative movement including rotation and translation, and by an optical measuring unit comprising a camera, and the scanning speed is adjusted such that the time for scanning the thread profile, considering the required local resolution of the camera, is within the cycle time for the production of the next thread, wherein the image of the thread contour is captured by the camera and the optical signals are then evaluated and compared to target specifications.
A method for nondestructive testing of the pipes for detecting surface flaws using magnetic leakage flux is disclosed. With of the method, flaws can be detected and analyzed in near-real-time while the pipe is produced. The data obtained with inductive coils, Hall sensors or GMR sensors are digitized, the digital data are buffered in a first memory, and a subset of the digital data are copied into a second memory. The copied data are transformed with a wavelet transformation and the resulting wavelet coefficients are filtered and/or modified. In an alternative embodiment, the digital data can be continuously supplied to a routine for wavelet transformation, which is performed using cascaded digital signal processing routines. The evaluated variable is compared with a reference value, wherein a determined flaw-based signal can be unambiguously associated with the position of the flaw.
G01B 5/28 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
G01N 27/82 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
35.
Method for nondestructive testing of pipes for surface flaws
A method for nondestructive testing of the pipes for detecting surface flaws is disclosed. With of the method, flaws can be detected and analyzed in near-real-time while the pipe is produced. The data obtained by ultrasound sensors are digitized in a time window following a trigger pulse, and the digitized data are processed in a digital processor, for example a DSP, using wavelet transforms. The evaluated quantity is compared with a reference value, wherein a determined flaw-based signal can be uniquely associated with the flaw located on the pipe surface.
G01N 29/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic wavesVisualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
The aim of the present invention is to provide a support system for spans, preferably above 20 m, which can be flexibly adapted to different spans and requires only little effort of planning and production. Said aim is achieved by a support system that comprises several standard modules which are prefabricated, configured in a modular and standardized manner, interconnected and can be subjected to different loads. Two standard modules are embodied as support elements (1) of a framework structure with chords (5) and diagonals (6) consisting of hollow profiled elements of constant length, one standard module forming a central piece element (2, 2', 2'') made of a gridless, length-variable base module having a frame-type structure with chords (3, 3', 3'') and posts (4) of hollow profiled elements, each comprising the same components for different spans in order to adjust the required length of the central piece element (2, 2', 2'').
E04C 3/08 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like componentsHoneycomb girders
E04B 7/02 - RoofsRoof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
37.
METHOD FOR ERROR-FREE CHECKING OF TUBES FOR SURFACE FAULTS
The invention relates to near-real-time recording and analysis of data relating to surface faults. The following steps are used: transmission of the signals to a pre-amplifier, conversion of the analogue signals to a continuous data stream of digital data, buffering the data stream in a first memory (A), filing the first memory (A) with k data points, copying the k data points of the first memory (A) to a second memory (B) in a short time between two digital data points with simultaneous refilling of the first memory (A) with new data, transformation of the copied data by means of wavelet transformation and filtering or modification of the resulting wavelet coefficients, comparison of the measured parameters with a reference parameter, whereby a determined fault signal can be unambiguously allocated to the position of the fault.
G01N 27/87 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields using probes
38.
METHOD FOR ERROR-FREE CHECKING OF TUBES FOR SURFACE FAULTS
According to the invention, a near-real-time recording and analysis of data is possible by means of the following steps: generation of a continuous analogue signal, containing the back wall echoes, generation of a trigger signal in addition to the US-signals, conversion of the analogue signal into a digital signal curve in a time window t1 to t2 with k data points with an adjustable time t1 after a trigger pulse, the time t1 being set such that the signal reflected from the other surface side with the anticipated error signal lies within the time interval [t1 to t2], direct supply of the signal curve to a digital computer unit to carry out the wavelet transformation, optional digital transmission and analysis of the filtered signals on a superior data processing system or analysis of the filtered signals on the digital computer unit, comparison of the determined parameter with a reference parameter, whereupon a determined error signal can be unambiguously assigned to the error on the tube surface.
The invention relates to a device for the production of a seamless hollow body (10) from a solid round block (7) of steel with a diameter ឬ 95 % of the diameter of the solid round block by means of a twin-roller cross-rolling mill on a mandrel plug (3) held between the cross rollers (1), comprising a piercing piece (5) and at least one finishing piece (4) using pass-closing guides or with a three roller cross rolling mill on a mandrel plug held between the cross rollers, comprising a piercing piece and at least one finishing piece, whereby the separation of the rollers is adjusted in a particular manner at the narrowest cross-section in relation to the diameter (2) of the round block employed and the position of the piercing mandrel in relation to the narrowest cross-section of the rollers.
