The present teachings relate to cartridges and methods for making tubular ceramic structures that can be tubular ceramic green bodies, which are convertible to tubular solid oxide fuel cells.
B28B 1/00 - Producing shaped articles from the material
B05B 7/14 - Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
B05B 13/02 - Means for supporting workArrangement or mounting of spray headsAdaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
B05C 5/00 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
B05C 5/02 - Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work from an outlet device in contact, or almost in contact, with the work
B05C 13/02 - Means for manipulating or holding work, e.g. for separate articles for particular articles
B05C 19/04 - Apparatus specially adapted for applying particulate materials to surfaces the particulate material being projected, poured or allowed to flow onto the surface of the work
B28B 11/14 - Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped articles for dividing shaped articles by cutting
B28B 15/00 - General arrangement or layout of plant
B28B 17/00 - Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the materialAuxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
B28B 21/44 - Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by shaping on or against mandrels or like moulding surfaces by projecting, e.g. spraying
H01M 8/124 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
B05B 12/08 - Arrangements for controlling deliveryArrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material discharged, of ambient medium or of target
A centrifugal blower system comprising a series of blower units, each blower unit in the series comprising a casing having an axial inlet and a radial outlet, an impeller disposed within the casing for drawing a gaseous medium at a first pressure into the axial inlet and expelling gaseous medium at a second higher pressure through the radial outlet and a motor for driving the impeller; and, a duct connecting the radial outlet of at least one blower unit in the series of blower units with the axial inlet of at least one other blower unit in the series of blower units, wherein the axial inlet of the at least one blower unit in the series of blower units is positioned substantially opposite to the axial inlet of the at least one other blower unit in the series of blower units.
Provided herein generally are methods of accounting for hydrogen (H2) in a natural gas (NG) stream, i.e., a NG/H2 blend, from a public NG utility to residential and/or business facility fuel cell (FC) systems, where the NG/H2 blend powers the FC systems and the volume of NG/H2 blend supplied to each FC systems is measured. Such measurements along with other data of the operation of the FC system, such as the volume of NG/H2 blend or an increased volume of NG, can be reported or transmitted to the public NG utility for each residential and/or business facility FC system supplied with the NG/H2 blend, where a reduced carbon footprint can be determined for the use of the NG/H2 blend by the FC system(s).
G01F 3/00 - Measuring the volume flow of fluids or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through the meter in successive and more or less isolated quantities, the meter being driven by the flow
G01F 5/00 - Measuring a proportion of the volume flow
The outlet of a blower extends through a hole in a circuit board to which the blower is attached. Electronics on the board control operation of the blower. The blower can be configured as two blowers in series, to provide more precise control of airflow. An air filter, such as an N95 filter is releasably attached to the blower intake on a front side of the circuit board. The front side of the board can be attached to a support panel, with a gap therebetween, and the air filter facing and in fluid communication with the gap. An air filter gasket is positioned around the edges of the front side of the circuit board, such that air sucked through the air filter over the intake of the blower, first passes through the air filter gasket between the circuit board and the support panel. The air filter gasket can be coarser than the air filter. The blower is well suited for use in a fuel cell apparatus, for supplying an electronically controlled airflow to the fuel cell.
An apparatus having an air consuming mechanism therein. The apparatus has a housing having an air consuming mechanism such as a fuel cell mounted therein. At least one blower assembly is in fluid communication with an air intake and supplies air to the air consuming mechanism. The blower intake has a filter, such as an N95 filter. The blower and filter have attachment structures adapted to releasably engage with each other.
An apparatus with at least two thermal zones of different temperatures, each thermally isolated from the other. A stream of ambient air is used to isolate the two zones. A housing can have a dual wall construction defining an air conduit between the two walls, above, below and/or around the sides. An exothermic device can be mounted within the housing. In operation, a blower within the housing draws air into the air conduit at the rear of the housing. The intake air flows around the housing, then into the exothermic device. A cool zone can be located within the housing, upstream from the blower, kept cool by the flow of ambient air. A hot zone can exist downstream from the blower. A third zone of intermediate temperature can be located downstream from the blower, upstream from the device. The exothermic device can be physically isolated from the cool zone by the blower and an insulated wall on which the blower can be mounted. The ambient air fed to the hot zone can be the source of oxygen for the exothermic device.
Various designs and configurations of and methods of operating fuel cell units, fuel cell systems and combined heat and power systems are provided that permit efficient thermal management of such units and systems to improve their operation.
H01M 8/06 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
H01M 8/249 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
H01M 8/04 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
H01M 8/2457 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elementsFuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
H01M 8/2455 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
A multi-tubular chemical reactor includes an igniter for the initiation of gas phase exothermic reaction within the gas phase reaction zones of the tubular reactor units. In accordance with the present disclosure, there is provided a multi-tubular chemical reactor comprising a plurality of spaced-apart reactor units, each reactor unit comprising an elongate tube having a wall with internal and external surfaces, an inlet at one end and an outlet at the opposing end, the wall enclosing a gaseous flow passageway at least a portion of which defines a gas phase reaction zone, the multi-tubular chemical reactor can include at least one igniter for initiation of at least one gas phase exothermic reaction within a gas phase reaction zone of a reactor unit.
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
Various designs and configurations of and methods of operating fuel cell units, fuel cell systems and combined heat and power systems are provided that permit efficient thermal management of such units and systems to improve their operation.
H01M 8/2455 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/2457 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
H01M 8/249 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elementsFuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
54.
Thermally insulated housing for a heat-producing, heat-radiating device
A thermally insulated housing for a heat-producing, heat-radiating device such as an integrated CPOX reformer and SOFC stack includes an assembly of thermal insulation sections that presents an indirect, or tortuous, path that inhibits the flow of IR vectors to the walls of the housing.
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/2425 - High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
H01M 8/2475 - Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
H01M 8/249 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
H01M 8/12 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
A fuel cell system, with an air flow system includes a first thermal zone, a second thermal zone, an air blower provided between the first and second thermal zones. The first thermal zone is connected to an inlet port of the fuel cell system. The second thermal zone is connected to an outlet port of the fuel cell system. The air blower is configured to draw in air from the first thermal zone and provide the air to the second thermal zone.
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/2475 - Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
F28D 1/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with the heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
A multi-tubular chemical reactor includes an igniter for the initiation of gas phase exothermic reaction within the gas phase reaction zones of the tubular reactor units. In accordance with the present disclosure, there is provided a multi-tubular chemical reactor comprising a plurality of spaced-apart reactor units, each reactor unit comprising an elongate tube having a wall with internal and external surfaces, an inlet at one end and an outlet at the opposing end, the wall enclosing a gaseous flow passageway at least a portion of which defines a gas phase reaction zone, the multi-tubular chemical reactor can include at least one igniter for initiation of at least one gas phase exothermic reaction within a gas phase reaction zone of a reactor unit.
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
58.
MULTI-TUBULAR CHEMICAL REACTOR WITH IGNITER FOR INITIATION OF GAS PHASE EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS
A multi-tubular chemical reactor includes an igniter for the initiation of gas phase exothermic reaction within the gas phase reaction zones of the tubular reactor units. In accordance with the present disclosure, there is provided a multi-tubular chemical reactor comprising a plurality of spaced-apart reactor units, each reactor unit comprising an elongate tube having a wall with internal and external surfaces, an inlet at one end and an outlet at the opposing end, the wall enclosing a gaseous flow passageway at least a portion of which defines a gas phase reaction zone, the multi-tubular chemical reactor can include at least one igniter for initiation of at least one gas phase exothermic reaction within a gas phase reaction zone of a reactor unit.
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
59.
Liquid fuel CPOX reformer and fuel cell systems, and methods of producing electricity
Integrated liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer and fuel cell systems can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units, each reactor unit including an elongated tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces. The wall encloses an unobstructed gaseous flow passageway. At least a portion of the wall has CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer also can include a vaporizer, one or more igniters, and a source of liquid reformable fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformate can be converted to electricity within a fuel cell unit integrated with the CPOX reactor unit.
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
B01J 12/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous mediaApparatus specially adapted therefor
B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elementsFuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
60.
Air intake assembly for centrifugal blower system and fuel cell incorporating same
An air intake assembly for a centrifugal blower having a casing having an axial inlet and a radial outlet, an impeller disposed within the casing for drawing a gaseous medium at a first pressure into the axial inlet and expelling gaseous medium at a second higher pressure through the radial outlet, and a motor for driving the impeller, including an air intake assembly casing having an air inlet and an air outlet, the air outlet connectable to the axial inlet of the blower casing of the centrifugal blower, and a check valve mounted within the air intake assembly casing positioned to permit air flow from the air inlet through the air intake assembly casing to the air outlet and prevent air flow from the air outlet through the air intake assembly casing to the air inlet.
F04D 17/16 - Centrifugal pumps for displacing without appreciable compression
F04D 25/14 - Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation the unit being adapted for mounting in apertures and having shutters, e.g. automatically closed when not in use
H01M 8/04082 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
F04D 29/42 - CasingsConnections for working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
F16K 15/14 - Check valves with flexible valve members
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/12 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
61.
THERMALLY INSULATED HOUSING FOR A HEAT-PRODUCING, HEAT-RADIATING DEVICE EXCLUDING A DIRECT PATH FOR THE FLOW OF IR RADIATION FROM THE HEAT-PRODUCING, HEAT-RADIATING DEVICE.
A thermally insulated housing for a heat-producing, heat-radiating device such as an integrated CPOX reformer and SOFC stack includes an assembly of thermal insulation sections that presents an indirect, or tortuous, path that inhibits the flow of IR vectors to the walls of the housing.
H01M 8/2455 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
H01M 8/2457 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
H01M 8/2475 - Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
H01M 8/249 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elementsFuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
A fuel cell system, with an air flow system includes a first thermal zone, a second thermal zone, an air blower provided between the first and second thermal zones. The first thermal zone is connected to an inlet port of the fuel cell system. The second thermal zone is connected to an outlet port of the fuel cell system. The air blower is configured to draw in air from the first thermal zone and provide the air to the second thermal zone.
F16M 1/00 - Frames or casings of engines, machines, or apparatusFrames serving as machinery beds
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/0637 - Direct internal reforming at the anode of the fuel cell
A fuel cell system, with an air flow system includes a first thermal zone, a second thermal zone, an air blower provided between the first and second thermal zones. The first thermal zone is connected to an inlet port of the fuel cell system. The second thermal zone is connected to an outlet port of the fuel cell system. The air blower is configured to draw in air from the first thermal zone and provide the air to the second thermal zone.
G06K 13/02 - Conveying record carriers from one station to another, e.g. from stack to punching mechanism the record carrier having longitudinal dimension comparable with transverse dimension, e.g. punched card
64.
SAFETY CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FUEL-CONSUMING APPARATUS
A safety control system for a fuel-consuming apparatus includes a switching assembly. The switching assembly includes a first end electrically connected to a power source node, a second end electrically connected to an input power node of a fuel safety shutoff valve of the fuel -consuming apparatus, and one or more switch units serially connected between the first and second ends. Each of the switch units is configured to be switched on or off based on a corresponding one of one or more environmental conditions of the fuel-consuming apparatus. An electrical connection path between the first and second ends is deactivated upon at least one of the one or more switch units being switched off to stop supplying of fuel into the fuel-consuming apparatus.
A thermally insulated housing for a heat-producing, heat-radiating device such as an integrated CPOX reformer and SOFC stack includes an assembly of thermal insulation sections that presents an indirect, or tortuous, path that inhibits the flow of IR vectors to the walls of the housing.
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elementsFuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
H01M 8/2457 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
H01M 8/2455 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
H01M 8/249 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
H01M 8/2475 - Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
66.
SAFETY CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FUEL-CONSUMING APPARATUS
A safety control system for a fuel-consuming apparatus includes a switching assembly. The switching assembly includes a first end electrically connected to a power source node, a second end electrically connected to an input power node of a fuel safety shutoff valve of the fuel -consuming apparatus, and one or more switch units serially connected between the first and second ends. Each of the switch units is configured to be switched on or off based on a corresponding one of one or more environmental conditions of the fuel-consuming apparatus. An electrical connection path between the first and second ends is deactivated upon at least one of the one or more switch units being switched off to stop supplying of fuel into the fuel-consuming apparatus.
H02H 5/00 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
H01H 47/00 - Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
H01H 50/86 - Means for introducing a predetermined time delay between the initiation of the switching operation and the opening or closing of the contacts
67.
Multi-tubular chemical reactor with igniter for initiation of gas phase exothermic reactions
A multi-tubular chemical reactor includes an igniter for the initiation of gas phase exothermic reaction within the gas phase reaction zones of the tubular reactor units.
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
B01J 12/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous mediaApparatus specially adapted therefor
B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
B01J 8/24 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
An air intake assembly for a centrifugal blower having a casing having an axial inlet and a radial outlet, an impeller disposed within the casing for drawing a gaseous medium at a first pressure into the axial inlet and expelling gaseous medium at a second higher pressure through the radial outlet, and a motor for driving the impeller, including an air intake assembly casing having an air inlet and an air outlet, the air outlet connectable to the axial inlet of the blower casing of the centrifugal blower, and a check valve mounted within the air intake assembly casing positioned to permit air flow from the air inlet through the air intake assembly casing to the air outlet and prevent air flow from the air outlet through the air intake assembly casing to the air inlet.
F04D 17/16 - Centrifugal pumps for displacing without appreciable compression
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
F04D 25/14 - Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation the unit being adapted for mounting in apertures and having shutters, e.g. automatically closed when not in use
F04D 29/42 - CasingsConnections for working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
An air intake assembly for a centrifugal blower having a casing having an axial inlet and a radial outlet, an impeller disposed within the casing for drawing a gaseous medium at a first pressure into the axial inlet and expelling gaseous medium at a second higher pressure through the radial outlet, and a motor for driving the impeller, including an air intake assembly casing having an air inlet and an air outlet, the air outlet connectable to the axial inlet of the blower casing of the centrifugal blower, and a check valve mounted within the air intake assembly casing positioned to permit air flow from the air inlet through the air intake assembly casing to the air outlet and prevent air flow from the air outlet through the air intake assembly casing to the air inlet.
F04D 17/16 - Centrifugal pumps for displacing without appreciable compression
F04D 25/14 - Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation the unit being adapted for mounting in apertures and having shutters, e.g. automatically closed when not in use
F04D 29/42 - CasingsConnections for working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
A liquid fuel reformer includes a fuel vaporizer which utilizes heat from an upstream source of heat, specifically, an electric heater, operable in the start-up mode of the reformer, and therefore independent of the reforming reaction zone of the reformer, to vaporize fuel in a downstream vaporization zone.
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
B01J 12/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous mediaApparatus specially adapted therefor
B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elementsFuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
71.
Centrifugal blower system with internal gas mixing and gas phase chemical reactor incorporating same
F04D 29/42 - CasingsConnections for working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
B01F 3/02 - Mixing, e.g. dispersing, emulsifying, according to the phases to be mixed gases with gases or vapours
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
F04D 25/06 - Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
F04D 29/66 - Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration, or the likeBalancing
72.
Apparatus and methods for mixing reformable fuels and an oxygen-containing gas and/or steam
The present teachings provide apparatus and methods for mixing a reformable fuel and/or steam with an oxygen-containing gas and/or steam to provide a gaseous reforming reaction mixture suitable for reforming with a reformer and/or a fuel cell stack of a fuel cell unit and/or fuel cell system.
H01M 8/0606 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
B01F 3/02 - Mixing, e.g. dispersing, emulsifying, according to the phases to be mixed gases with gases or vapours
B01J 19/26 - Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
H01M 8/04082 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
The present teachings provide multi-reformable fuel delivery systems and methods that can deliver, without the use of a liquid pump, any hydrocarbon fuel, i.e., a liquid or gaseous reformable fuel, for example, to at least one of a reformer, a vaporizer, a fuel cell stack, an afterburner and other assemblies and components of a fuel cell unit or system, More specifically, gas pressure can be used to control and deliver gaseous reformable fuels and/or liquid reformable fuels in the delivery systems and methods of the present teachings. The delivery systems and methods also can apply to the delivery of a liquid reactant such as water and gaseous reactants such as an oxygen-containing gas (e.g., air) and steam.
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/04223 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-downDepolarisation or activation, e.g. purgingMeans for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
76.
Liquid fuel CPOX reformer and fuel cell systems, and methods of producing electricity
Integrated liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer and fuel cell systems can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units, each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer also can include a vaporizer, one or more igniters, and a source of liquid reformable fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformate can be converted to electricity within a fuel cell unit integrated with the liquid fuel CPOX reactor unit.
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
B01J 12/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous mediaApparatus specially adapted therefor
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elementsFuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
Various designs and configurations of and methods of operating fuel cell units, fuel cell systems and combined heat and power systems are provided that permit efficient thermal management of such units and systems to improve their operation.
H01M 8/2455 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/2457 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
H01M 2/22 - Fixed connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
H01M 8/249 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elementsFuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
Tubular ceramic structures, e.g., anode components of tubular fuel cells, are manufactured by applying ceramic-forming composition to the external surface of the heat shrinkable polymeric tubular mandrel component of a rotating mandrel-spindle assembly, removing the spindle from the assembly after a predetermined thickness of tubular ceramic structure has been built up on the mandrel and thereafter heat shrinking the mandrel to cause the mandrel to separate from the tubular ceramic structure.
B28B 21/88 - Cores adjustable, collapsible or expansible
B28B 7/30 - CoresMandrels adjustable, collapsible, or expanding
B28B 7/34 - Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials
B28B 21/44 - Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by shaping on or against mandrels or like moulding surfaces by projecting, e.g. spraying
B28B 21/90 - Methods or apparatus for discharging after shaping
C23C 24/04 - Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
H01M 8/124 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
Closed loop filtration systems and methods of the present teachings can provide liquid reformable fuels enriched in light end hydrocarbons and/or having reduced content of sulfur and/or other impurities. Such enriched liquid reformable fuels can be used in fuel cell systems having a vaporizer and hydrocarbon fuel reformer such that the fuel cell system can experience less deleterious impact on its components, for example, coking. Filter elements for use in the systems and methods also are provided.
A reformer includes at least one reformer reactor unit (300) having a space-confining wall with external (307) and internal surfaces (306), at least a section of the wall and space confined thereby defining a reforming reaction zone (311), an inlet end (301) and associated inlet (302) for admission of flow of gaseous reforming reactant to the reforming reaction zone (311), an outlet end (303) and associated outlet (304) for outflow of hydrogen-rich reformate produced in the reforming reaction zone (311), at least that section of the wall (305) corresponding to the reforming reaction zone comprising perovskite as a structural component thereof such wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous reforming reactant to diffuse therein and hydrogen-rich reformate to diffuse therefrom.
C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/0668 - Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
B01J 23/83 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with rare earths or actinides
H01M 8/12 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
H01M 8/124 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
83.
Duel utilization liquid and gaseous fuel reformer and method of reforming
A dual utilization liquid and gaseous fuel CPOX reformer that includes reaction zones for the CPOX reforming of liquid and gaseous reformable fuels. A reforming method is also provided. The method comprises reforming a first gaseous reformable reaction mixture comprising oxygen-containing gas and vaporized liquid fuel and before or after this step, reforming second gaseous reformable reaction mixture comprising oxygen-containing gas and gaseous fuel to produce a hydrogen-rich reformate.
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
B01J 8/24 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
B01J 12/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous mediaApparatus specially adapted therefor
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
84.
CENTRIFUGAL BLOWER SYSTEM WITH INTERNAL GAS MIXING AND GAS PHASE CHEMICAL REACTOR INCORPORATING SAME
A centrifugal blower system is disclosed that comprises a series of blower units including a first blower unit and a second blower unit, the first blower unit for drawing a first gaseous medium at a first pressure into the first axial inlet and expelling the first gaseous medium at a second higher pressure through the first radial outlet into a duct having a gas flow passageway defined by a gas flow-confining wall and a motor for driving a first impeller. The second blower unit for drawing the first gaseous medium into a second axial inlet and expelling a second blower gaseous medium through the second radial outlet. A gas flow inlet in communication with the duct, admits a second gaseous medium to the gas flow passageway of the duct, the second gaseous medium mixes with the first gaseous medium in the second blower unit to form a gas mixture.
B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
F04D 17/16 - Centrifugal pumps for displacing without appreciable compression
A multi-tubular chemical reactor (400) includes an igniter (435) for the initiation of gas phase exothermic reaction within the gas phase reaction zones (409) of the tubular reactor units (408). A method of carrying out a gas phase exothermic reaction within the multi-tubular chemical reactor comprising: introducing gaseous reactants into a tubular reactor unit (408); initiating with radiant heat an exothermic reaction of the gaseous reactants within the reactor unit; and transferring heat produced by the exothermic reaction occurring within the gas phase reaction zone of the reactor unit to the gas phase reaction zone of one or more adjacent reactor units (408), thereby initiating an exothermic reaction within at least one adjacent reactor unit (408) until in such manner an exothermic reaction has been initiated in each of the plurality of spaced-apart reactor units (408).
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
B01J 8/24 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
B01J 12/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous mediaApparatus specially adapted therefor
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
86.
CENTRIFUGAL BLOWER SYSTEM WITH INTERNAL GAS MIXING AND GAS PHASE CHEMICAL REACTOR INCORPORATING SAME
A chemical reactor (e.g. reformer reactor) system includes a manifold (126) for management of a flow of gaseous reaction medium thereto. Manifold (126) includes manifold housing (128) defining manifold chamber (129) and having at least one additional component selected from: a gas distributor (127); a heater; and a cavity having a seal within or adjacent to it.
B01J 8/24 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
B01J 12/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous mediaApparatus specially adapted therefor
B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
88.
AFTERBURNERS INCLUDING METHODS OF MAKING AND OPERATING
The present teachings provide designs and materials of construction for afterburners as well as methods of making the afterburners. More specifically, the afterburners of the present teachings can include a compressible, resilient refractory material such that thermal expansion of other adjacent components, for example, a fuel cell stack of a fuel cell unit, can be accommodated by the afterburner. The present teachings also provide methods of reducing contaminants in exhaust streams and/or generating heat.
F23G 7/07 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
F23C 13/04 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material characterised by the arrangement of two or more catalytic elements in series connection
89.
AFTERBURNERS INCLUDING METHODS OF MAKING AND OPERATING
The present teachings provide designs and materials of construction for afterburners as well as methods of making the afterburners. More specifically, the afterburners of the present teachings can include a compressible, resilient refractory material such that thermal expansion of other adjacent components, for example, a fuel cell stack of a fuel cell unit, can be accommodated by the afterburner. The present teachings also provide methods of reducing contaminants in exhaust streams and/or generating heat.
F23G 7/07 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
F23C 13/00 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
F23D 14/18 - Radiant burners using catalysis for flameless combustion
F23G 7/06 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
The present teachings provide designs and materials of construction for afterburners as well as methods of making the afterburners. More specifically, the afterburners of the present teachings can include a compressible, resilient refractory material such that thermal expansion of other adjacent components, for example, a fuel cell stack of a fuel cell unit, can be accommodated by the afterburner. The present teachings also provide methods of reducing contaminants in exhaust streams and/or generating heat.
H01M 8/0662 - Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
F23C 13/02 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material characterised by arrangements for starting the operation, e.g. for heating the catalytic material to operating temperature
91.
Liquid fuel CPOX reformer and fuel cell systems, and methods of producing electricity
Integrated liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer and fuel cell systems can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units, each reactor unit including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone, the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer also can include a vaporizer, one or more igniters, and a source of liquid reformable fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformate can be converted to electricity within a fuel cell unit integrated with the liquid fuel CPOX reactor unit.
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
B01J 12/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous mediaApparatus specially adapted therefor
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
B01J 4/00 - Feed devicesFeed or outlet control devices
C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
H01M 8/04302 - Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
The present application describes various arrangements for and methods of operating a fuel cell system comprising one or more fuel cell unit(s), a reformer and an afterburner. The aim is to allow an efficient thermal management of the fuel cell system. The applications deals more specifically with the issues of: how to increase heat transfer through and/or from at least one face/segment/surface of a fuel cell unit in a system comprising at least two fuel cell units (e.g. by providing the neighboring sides of adjacent fuel cell stacks (503, 503'', 503''') with a reduced level of insulation compared to the other sides of the fuel cell stacks); how to increase regulation and control of the thermal environment surrounding an individual fuel cell unit; how to better exploit the exhaust streams from a system comprising at least two fuel cell units; how to reduce the time to initiate chemical reaction or start-up in a fuel cell unit in a system comprising at least two fuel cell units. These arrangements and methods might be particularly of interest in the context of a combined heat and power system including a fuel cell system.
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/249 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
The present application describes various arrangements for and methods of operating a fuel cell system comprising one or more fuel cell unit(s), including a reformer and an afterburner. The aim is to allow an efficient thermal management of the fuel cell system. The applications deals more specifically with the issues of: how to better exploit the exhaust streams from a system comprising at least two fuel cell units; and how to reduce the time to initiate chemical reaction or start-up in a fuel cell unit in a system comprising at least two fuel cell units. These arrangements and methods might be particularly of interest in the context of a combined heat and power system including a fuel cell system
The present application describes various arrangements for and methods of operating a fuel cell system comprising one or more fuel cell unit(s), a reformer and an afterburner. The aim is to allow an efficient thermal management of the fuel cell system. The applications deals more specifically with the issues of: how to increase heat transfer through and/or from at least one face/segment/surface of a fuel cell unit in a system comprising at least two fuel cell units (e.g. by providing the neighboring sides of adjacent fuel cell stacks (503, 503'', 503''') with a reduced level of insulation compared to the other sides of the fuel cell stacks); how to increase regulation and control of the thermal environment surrounding an individual fuel cell unit; how to better exploit the exhaust streams from a system comprising at least two fuel cell units; how to reduce the time to initiate chemical reaction or start-up in a fuel cell unit in a system comprising at least two fuel cell units. These arrangements and methods might be particularly of interest in the context of a combined heat and power system including a fuel cell system.
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
95.
MULTI-REFORMABLE FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR FUEL CELLS
The present teachings provide multi-reformable fuel delivery systems and methods that can deliver, without the use of a liquid pump, any hydrocarbon fuel, i.e., a liquid or gaseous reformable fuel, for example, to at least one of a reformer, a vaporizer, a fuel cell stack, an afterburner and other assemblies and components of a fuel cell unit or system, More specifically, gas pressure can be used to control and deliver gaseous reformable fuels and/or liquid reformable fuels in the delivery systems and methods of the present teachings. The delivery systems and methods also can apply to the delivery of a liquid reactant such as water and gaseous reactants such as an oxygen-containing gas (e.g., air) and steam.
H01M 8/04 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
96.
MULTI-REFORMABLE FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR FUEL CELLS
The present teachings provide multi-reformable fuel delivery systems and methods that can deliver, without the use of a liquid pump, any hydrocarbon fuel, i.e., a liquid or gaseous reformable fuel, for example, to at least one of a reformer, a vaporizer, a fuel cell stack, an afterburner and other assemblies and components of a fuel cell unit or system, More specifically, gas pressure can be used to control and deliver gaseous reformable fuels and/or liquid reformable fuels in the delivery systems and methods of the present teachings. The delivery systems and methods also can apply to the delivery of a liquid reactant such as water and gaseous reactants such as an oxygen-containing gas (e.g., air) and steam.
A fuel cell assembly comprising: a plurality of fuel cell bundles, each fuel cell bundle comprising: an array of elongated tubular fuel cells comprising a plurality of rows of spaced apart, elongated tubular fuel cells; a plurality of elongated electrical connectors each having a first contact for coupling with a first fuel cell and a second contact for coupling with a second fuel cell and wherein each of said electrical connectors is disposed between at least two of said elongated tubular fuel cells; an oxidant supply system; a fuel supply system; and a support structure for integrating as a bundle said fuel cells, said oxidant supply system and said fuel supply system, wherein said support structure comprises an elongated tubular fuel cell support/spacer plate and an oxidant feed tube support/spacer plate; wherein the elongated tubular fuel cell support/spacer plate is spaced from and connected to the oxidant feed tube support/spacer plate by one or more first pin-in-sleeve combinations each of which is connected to a first side of the elongated tubular fuel cell support/spacer plate and to a first side of the oxidant feed tube support/spacer plate. The fuel cell assembly may also comprise flexible members defining open slots on electrical connectors. Flexible power leads with cross-over plates and tabs may also be comprised in the fuel cell assembly.
H01M 8/124 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
98.
Solid oxide fuel cell bundle assembly with insulation end pieces and tilt pad tie down clamp
A fuel cell assembly of one or more fuel cell bundles, wherein each fuel cell bundle comprises an array of elongated tubular fuel cells, comprising: an oxidant supply system; a fuel supply system; a fuel reformation system; and a support structure for integrating as a bundle said elongated tubular fuel cells, said oxidant supply system, said fuel supply system, and said fuel reformation system; a first row of spaced apart, elongated tubular fuel cells; wherein said support structure comprises: a base plate; a plurality of upper insulation end pieces (UIEPs) surrounding a top of the fuel cell assembly to produce a top assembly, wherein each upper insulation end piece has a top surface, a side portion and a beveled portion disposed between the top surface and the side portion to produce a beveled shoulder around the top assembly; a top clamp having a beveled inner surface complementary to the beveled shoulder that interfaces against a plurality of pivot pads disposed on the beveled shoulder when the top clamp is tensioned against the top assembly.
H01M 8/2475 - Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
H01M 8/0247 - CollectorsSeparators, e.g. bipolar separatorsInterconnectors characterised by the form
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/0271 - Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
H01M 8/124 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
A fuel cell module includes a fuel cell stack configured to produce an electrical output, power electronics circuitry configured to convert the electrical output of the fuel cell stack into a regulated output of the fuel cell module, module control electronics circuitry configured for communications within the fuel cell module and further configured for communications with master control electronics circuitry external to the fuel cell module, and a structure configured to connect together the fuel cell stack, the power electronics circuitry and the module control electronics circuitry as part of the fuel cell module that is unitary, and further configured for the unitary fuel cell module to be insertable as a unit into a multi-module system chassis.
H01M 8/06 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
H01M 8/04 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
H01M 8/24 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/249 - Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
