A friction stir channelling tool comprises a probe (2) for inserting into a workpiece or workpieces. The probe (2) extends from, and is rotatably mounted in, a bore (14) of a shoulder (3), the probe surface being formed so as to cause plasticised workpiece material to be moved towards the shoulder and into the bore of the shoulder upon rotation of the probe while the shoulder is in contact with the workpiece. The shoulder (3) has at least one vent (4) extending from outside the shoulder to the bore (14) whereby the plasticised material can exit the bore through the vent.
B23K 20/12 - Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by frictionFriction welding
A friction stir channelling tool comprises a probe (2) for inserting into a workpiece or workpieces. The probe (2) extends from, and is rotatably mounted in, a bore (14) of a shoulder (3), the probe surface being formed so as to cause plasticised workpiece material to be moved towards the shoulder and into the bore of the shoulder upon rotation of the probe while the shoulder is in contact with the workpiece. The shoulder (3) has at least one vent (4) extending from outside the shoulder to the bore (14) whereby the plasticised material can exit the bore through the vent.
B23K 20/12 - Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by frictionFriction welding
B23B 47/34 - Arrangements for removing chips out of the holes madeChip-breaking arrangements attached to the tool
A method of coating or repairing a substrate is provided using an additive cold spray deposition coating,or an additive cold spray deposition repair respectively. One or more target mechanical properties for the deposit are obtained which have a predetermined relationship with respect to the mechanical properties of the substrate. A heat treatment temperature for the deposit is selected which is less than or equal to a predetermined maximum heat treatment temperature of the substrate. A candidate material powder suitable for application to the substrate is selected in accordance with the heat treatment temperature for the deposit. An additive cold spray deposition coating or repair is performed using the selected candidate material powder followed by a post-deposition heat treatment of the deposit at the selected heat treatment temperature so as to produce the target mechanical properties for the deposit.
A method of joining first and second workpieces (1, 2) is provided. The first workpiece (1) is arranged to have a through-hole passing from a proximal side to a distal side of the first workpiece (1). Respective parts of the first and second workpieces (1, 2) are arranged mutually adjacent so as to provide a joining region so that the end of the through-hole at the distal side of the first workpiece (1) is adjacent the part of the second workpiece (2) in the joining region. A filler material is disposed in the through-hole, the filler material being capable of forming a welded joint with the second workpiece (2). A power beam is directed into the through-hole from the proximal side of the first workpiece (1), thereby melting the filler to form an interlocking structure (9) in the through-hole which is welded to the second workpiece (2) and which mechanically secures the first workpiece (1) to the second workpiece (2).
A method is disclosed for selectively modifying an elastic modulus of a process region of a textile substrate. A plurality of sub-regions within a process region of the textile substrate are exposed to a power beam so as to cause melting and coalescence of the textile fibres within each sub-region. This causes at least one elastic modulus of the textile within the process region to be modified with respect to the said at least one elastic modulus of the process region prior to the exposure of the sub-regions to the power beam. The modification of the at least one elastic modulus is dependent upon the combined effect of the exposure of the plurality of sub-regions to the power beam. A textile modification system for performing the method is also disclosed.
D06M 10/00 - Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents or magnetic fieldsPhysical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
A method of joining workpieces comprises: locating respective portions of the workpieces (5) in a joining body (4); providing a friction stir welding probe (8); plunging the probe (8) into the joining body (4) and cyclically moving the probe to stir the material of the joining body and portions of the workpieces; and removing the probe (8) and allowing the stirred material to consolidate and join the workpieces (5) together.
B23K 20/12 - Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by frictionFriction welding
B21F 15/06 - Connecting wire to wire or other metallic material or objectsConnecting parts by means of wire wire with wire with additional connecting elements or material
B21F 15/08 - Connecting wire to wire or other metallic material or objectsConnecting parts by means of wire wire with wire with additional connecting elements or material making use of soldering or welding
B21F 27/08 - Making wire network, i.e. wire nets with additional connecting elements or material at crossings
B21F 27/10 - Making wire network, i.e. wire nets with additional connecting elements or material at crossings with soldered or welded crossings
7.
FUNCTIONALISATION METHOD FOR METAL OXIDE PARTICLES
A method of functionalising a metal oxide substrate, having pendant hydroxyl groups wherein the substrate pendant OH groups are reacted with a functional alkoxy silane in the presence of a catalyst in an alcohol - liberating condensation reaction. The method is carried out in the absence of water and hence avoiding hydrolysis. The silane may be a trialkoxy alkyl silane, such as a silane wherein the alkyl group for subsequent reaction with resin precursor monomer. The metal oxide is for instance a particulate material. The invention minimises agglomeration and allows very high concentration suspensions to be produced and blended into other liquid products.
A system is disclosed for transmitting data and/or power across a structural component, comprising: a structural component, a first transducer and a second transducer. The structural component is formed of first and second layers which conform to one another, the first layer comprising a dielectric composite material having first and second surfaces, and the second layer comprising a conductive material contacting the first surface of the first layer, whereby the electrical reactance of the first layer is configured for the propagation of electromagnetic surface waves thereacross. The first transducer is on or adjacent the second surface of the first layer of the structural component at a first location, the first transducer being adapted to generate electromagnetic surface waves for carrying data and/or power across the first layer. The second transducer is on or adjacent the second surface of the first layer of the structural component at a second location spaced from the first location, the second transducer being adapted to receive electromagnetic surface waves from the first layer and to retrieve data and/or power from the received electromagnetic surface waves. The electromagnetic surface waves are transmitted from the first transducer to the second transducer by the first layer of the structural component. The dielectric composite material forming the first layer comprises reinforcement elements disposed in a matrix, and the first layer has a bulk region in which both the reinforcement elements and the matrix are present and a first skin region comprising a greater proportion of matrix to reinforcement elements than in the bulk region, the first skin region forming the first surface of the first layer. A vehicle and a network each comprising the system are also provided, as is a method of its manufacture.
H01F 27/42 - Circuits specially adapted for the purpose of modifying, or compensating for, electric characteristics of transformers, reactors or choke coils
H02J 50/20 - Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
H01Q 13/26 - Surface waveguide constituted by a single conductor, e.g. strip conductor
H01P 3/16 - Dielectric waveguides, i.e. without a longitudinal conductor
H02J 50/80 - Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
9.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASURING PROPERTIES OF A CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM
A system is disclosed for measuring properties of a charged particle beam (8) output by a charged particle beam generator (15). The system comprises: a probe assembly (21), a beam deflection control module (23) and a detection module (22). The probe assembly comprises a plurality of probes (30) arrayed across a plane on a mount, each probe comprising at least two elongate, electrically conductive elements (32, 33, 34) arranged such that their respective elongate directions make a non-zero angle with one another in the plane of the array. The beam deflection control module is adapted to control the deflection of the charged particle beam along a measurement path which crosses sequentially at least two of the elongate, electrically conductive elements of at least one of the probes. The detection module is connected to the electrically conductive elements of each of the plurality of probes, and is adapted to detect electric signals output sequentially by the electrically conductive elements of each probe upon intersection of the charged particle beam therewith. The detected electric signals from each probe are indicative of properties of the charged particle beam when directed to the location of the respective probe across the probe assembly by the charged particle beam generator. A corresponding method of measuring properties of a charged particle beam output by a charged particle beam generator is also disclosed.
A system is disclosed for transmitting data and/or power across a structural component, comprising: a structural component, a first transducer and a second transducer. The structural component is formed of first and second layers which conform to one another, the first layer comprising a dielectric composite material having first and second surfaces, and the second layer comprising a conductive material contacting the first surface of the first layer, whereby the electrical reactance of the first layer is configured for the propagation of electromagnetic surface waves thereacross. The first transducer is on or adjacent the second surface of the first layer of the structural component at a first location, the first transducer being adapted to generate electromagnetic surface waves for carrying data and/or power across the first layer. The second transducer is on or adjacent the second surface of the first layer of the structural component at a second location spaced from the first location, the second transducer being adapted to receive electromagnetic surface waves from the first layer and to retrieve data and/or power from the received electromagnetic surface waves. The electromagnetic surface waves are transmitted from the first transducer to the second transducer by the first layer of the structural component. The dielectric composite material forming the first layer comprises reinforcement elements disposed in a matrix,and the first layer has a bulk region in which both the reinforcement elements and the matrix are present and a first skin region comprising a greater proportion of matrix to reinforcement elements than in the bulk region, the first skin region forming the first surface of the first layer. A vehicle and a network each comprising the system are also provided, as is a method of its manufacture.
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
44 - Medical, veterinary, hygienic and cosmetic services; agriculture, horticulture and forestry services
Goods & Services
Surgical, medical, dental and veterinary apparatus and instruments, artificial limbs, eyes and teeth; orthopedic articles; suture materials; prosthetics and artificial implants; prosthetic devices; prosthetic implants; artificial limbs, hands and feet; prostheses; prosthetic ligaments; prosthetic stump shrinkers for limbs; prosthetic suspension sleeves for limbs; prosthetic apparatus; prosthetic instruments; prosthetic instruments and/or devices used to fasten prosthetics to the body; prosthetic sleeves, sheaths and socks for limbs; parts, fittings and accessories for all the aforementioned goods. Manufacture and customisation of prosthetics and artificial implants, prosthetic devices, prosthetic implants, artificial limbs, hands and feet, prostheses, prosthetic ligaments, prosthetic apparatus, prosthetic instruments, instruments and/or devices used to fasten prosthetics to the body, prosthetic sleeves, sheaths and socks for limbs, prosthetic stump shrinkers for limbs, prosthetic suspension sleeves for limbs, parts, fittings and accessories for all the aforementioned; information, advisory and consultancy services relating to all the aforementioned services. Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware and software; research, design and development of prosthetics and artificial implants, prosthetic devices, prosthetic implants, artificial limbs, hands and feet, prostheses, prosthetic ligaments, prosthetic apparatus, prosthetic instruments, instruments and/or devices used to fasten prosthetics to the body, prosthetic sleeves, sheaths and socks for limbs, prosthetic stump shrinkers for limbs, prosthetic suspension sleeves for limbs, parts, fittings and accessories for all the aforementioned; information, advisory and consultancy services relating to all the aforementioned services. Medical services; veterinary services; hygienic and beauty care for human beings or animals; fitting of prosthetics and artificial implants, prosthetic devices, prosthetic implants, artificial limbs, hands and feet, prostheses, prosthetic ligaments, prosthetic apparatus, prosthetic instruments, instruments and/or devices used to fasten prosthetics to the body, prosthetic sleeves, sheaths and socks for limbs, prosthetic stump shrinkers for limbs, prosthetic suspension sleeves for limbs, parts, fittings and accessories for all the aforementioned; information, advisory and consultancy services relating to all the aforementioned services.
12.
Plasma source apparatus and methods for generating charged particle beams
A plasma source apparatus for generating a beam of charged particles is disclosed. The apparatus comprises: a plasma chamber provided with an inlet for the ingress of gas and an aperture for the extraction of charged particles from the plasma chamber; a radio frequency (RF) plasma generation unit for generating a plasma inside the plasma chamber, the radio frequency plasma generation unit comprising first and second resonant circuits each tuned to resonate at substantially the same resonant frequency, the first resonant circuit comprising a first antenna and a first, RF power source adapted to drive the first resonant circuit at substantially its resonant frequency, and the second resonant circuit comprising a second antenna, whereby in use an RF signal is induced in the second antenna by the first resonant circuit due to resonant coupling, the second resonant circuit being configured to apply the induced RF signal to the plasma chamber to generate a plasma therein; and a particle accelerating unit for extracting charged particles from the plasma and accelerating the charged particles to form a beam, the particle accelerating unit comprising a second power source configured to apply potential between the plasma chamber and an accelerating electrode, the region between the plasma chamber and the accelerating electrode constituting an acceleration column. The second power source is adapted to output a high voltage relative to that output by the first, RF power source.
A method is disclosed of welding first and second metallic workpieces (1, 3) together. A layer of weld modifying material (4) is applied to a surface of one or each of the first and second metallic workpieces (1, 3) using a cold spraying or thermal spraying process (4). The first and second metallic workpieces (1, 3) are then welded together such that the weld modifying material (4) is incorporated into the weld (6).
B23K 26/32 - Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
B23K 26/30 - Seam welding of three-dimensional seams
B23K 31/02 - Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups relating to soldering or welding
14.
PLASMA SOURCE APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR GENERATING CHARGED PARTICLE BEAMS
A plasma source apparatus for generating a beam of charged particles is disclosed. The apparatus comprises: a plasma chamber provided with an inlet for the ingress of gas and an aperture for the extraction of charged particles from the plasma chamber;a radio frequency (RF) plasma generation unit for generating a plasma inside the plasma chamber, the radio frequency plasma generation unit comprising first and second resonant circuits each tuned to resonate at substantially the same resonant frequency, the first resonant circuit comprising a first antenna and a first, RF power source adapted to drive the first resonant circuit at substantially its resonant frequency, and the second resonant circuit comprising a second antenna, whereby in use an RF signal is induced in the second antenna by the first resonant circuit due to resonant coupling, the second resonant circuit being configured to apply the induced RF signal to the plasma chamber to generate a plasma therein; and a particle accelerating unit for extracting charged particles from the plasma and accelerating the charged particles to form a beam, the particle accelerating unit comprising a second power source configured to apply potential between the plasma chamber and an accelerating electrode, the region between the plasma chamber and the accelerating electrode constituting an acceleration column. The second power source is adapted to output a high voltage relative to that output by the first, RF power source.
B23K 20/12 - Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by frictionFriction welding
16.
ROTARY TOOL UNIT, FRICTION STIR WELDING METHOD, DOUBLE-SKIN PANEL ASSEMBLY, AND FRICTION STIR WELDING METHOD FOR DOUBLE-SKIN PANEL ASSEMBLY
Provided is a welding method with which welding defects can be prevented and with which metal plates can be suitably welded together when a pair of metal plates is welded together using a bobbin tool. A rotary tool unit (2) has a bobbin tool (5) formed with a first shoulder (11), a second shoulder (12), and a pin (13) formed between the first shoulder (11) and the second shoulder (12), and is characterized by having: a cylindrical holder (3) affixed to a chuck part (1a) of a friction stir device (1); a slide shaft (4) that penetrates to the interior of the holder (3) and rotates integrally with the holder (3); the bobbin tool (5), the first shoulder (11) of which is affixed to the tip of the slide shaft (4); and a slide means (6) formed between the holder (3) and the slide shaft (4) such that the slide shaft (4) slides in the axial direction with respect to the holder (3).
B23K 20/12 - Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by frictionFriction welding
17.
ROTARY TOOL UNIT, FRICTION STIR WELDING METHOD, DOUBLE-SKIN PANEL ASSEMBLY, AND FRICTION STIR WELDING METHOD FOR DOUBLE-SKIN PANEL
The present invention addresses the problem of providing a rotary tool unit with which welding defects can be prevented when a pair of metal plates is welded together using a bobbin tool. This rotary tool unit is characterized in that it has a cylindrical holder (303) affixed to a chuck part (301), a slide shaft (304), and a bobbin tool (305), with the holder (303) having a pair of elongated holes (311) which oppose each other and penetrate the holder in the axial direction, and the slide shaft (304) having a knock pin (322) that is inserted into the pair of elongated holes (311) and a securing member (323) that secures the knock pin (322) with respect to the slide shaft (304), and the elongated holes (311) are provided extending in the axial direction, with the slide shaft (304) rotating integrally with the holder (303) due to the engagement of the elongated holes (311) and the knock pin (322) and moving in the axial direction within the span of the elongated holes (311).
B23K 20/12 - Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by frictionFriction welding
41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
Goods & Services
Education; providing of training; manufacturing training
services; instructional and training services; educational
services; arranging and conducting of conferences; education
and training in the fields of avoiding and correcting
distortions in welding, radiography of welding and
metallurgy in welding, welding of carbon manganese steels,
welding, welding processes, joining, welding inspection,
plant inspection, manufacturing, engineering, manufacturing
technologies, fabrication technologies, quality control of
manufactured goods, engineering project management,
properties, soundness and structure of welded fabrications,
structural behaviour of buildings and building materials,
inspection of buildings, structural engineering, testing and
evaluation of materials, phased array, digital radiography,
long range ultrasonic testing, time of flight diffraction,
plant inspection and management, non-destructive testing,
thermography, electronics, microelectronics and health and
safety; library services; library services related to
documents and data stored and retrieved by electronic means;
information, advisory and consultancy services in relation
to all the aforesaid services.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; downloadable electronic publications; electrical welding apparatus; gauges; weld gauges; linear angular measurement gauges; adjustable fillet gauges; AWS gauges; fillet weld gauges; V-WAC gauges; WTPS gauges; pipe pit gauges; skew-t fillet weld gauges; taper gauges; inspection mirrors; light pens; temperature measuring devices; gas temperature measuring devices; computer software; computer software relating to welding, welding processes, avoiding and correcting distortions in welding, radiography of welding and metallurgy in welding, welding of carbon manganese steels, joining, welding inspection, plant inspection, manufacturing, engineering, manufacturing technologies, fabrication technologies, quality control of manufactured goods, engineering project management, properties, soundness and structure of welded fabrications, structural behaviour of buildings and building materials, inspection of buildings, structural engineering, testing and evaluation of materials, phased array, digital radiography, long range ultrasonic testing, time of flight diffraction, plant inspection and management, non-destructive testing, thermography, electronics, microelectronics and health and safety; parts and fittings for all of the aforesaid goods. Treatment of materials; treatment of materials to create aerodynamically enhanced surfaces, hydrodynamically enhanced surfaces or mechanically keyed surfaces; treatment of materials to create surfaces featuring shaped slots and holes; treatment of materials to create surfaces with interlocking or deformed features to facilitate bonding; treatment of materials to create surfaces with enhanced thermal properties; treatment of materials to create surfaces with reduced drag; treatment of materials to promote adhesion between a substrate and a coating; treatment of materials to improve bonding; treatment of materials to create surfaces with specific wave interaction, absorption, emission and/or propagation properties; treatment of materials to create surfaces with enhanced biocompatibility and bio-functionality; manufacture of internally lightened materials; treatment of materials to create surfaces with specific mechanical, electrical, magnetic, thermal or chemical properties; processing of glass polymers, metals, cloth, fabric, clothing, fur, leather, paper rubber, foodstuffs, stone-working (masonry services), ceramics, electro-plating, plastics and wood; provision of information concerning material treatment and welding and joining; welding; welding of glass, polymers and metals; information services relating to treatment of materials, provided on-line from a computer database or the Internet; information, advisory and consultancy services in relation to all the aforesaid services. Education; providing of training; manufacturing training services; instructional and training services; educational services; arranging and conducting of conferences; education and training in the fields of avoiding and correcting distortions in welding, radiography of welding and metallurgy in welding, welding of carbon manganese steels, welding, welding processes, joining, welding inspection, plant inspection, manufacturing, engineering, manufacturing technologies, fabrication technologies, quality control of manufactured goods, engineering project management, properties, soundness and structure of welded fabrications, structural behaviour of buildings and building materials, inspection of buildings, structural engineering, testing and evaluation of materials, phased array, digital radiography, long range ultrasonic testing, time of flight diffraction, plant inspection and management, non-destructive testing, thermography, electronics, microelectronics and health and safety; library services; library services related to documents and data stored and retrieved by electronic means; information, advisory and consultancy services in relation to all the aforesaid services. Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; computer software services; design and development of computer hardware and software; research, design, consultancy and development and advisory services relating to materials joining technology; research, design, consultancy and development and advisory services relating to avoiding and correcting distortions in welding, radiography of welding and metallurgy in welding, welding of carbon manganese steels, technology, welding, joining, manufacturing technologies, fabrication technologies and repair technologies; design of manufacturing methods; engineering consultancy relating to manufacture; professional consultancy relating to manufacturing efficiency; technological services relating to manufacture; quality control of manufactured goods; engineering project management services; examination of welded fabrications to determine properties, soundness and structure; analysis of the structural behaviour of buildings and building materials; structural engineering services; engineering consultancy; technical consultancy services relating to structural engineering; consultancy services relating to the testing of materials; engineering consultancy relating to materials; materials evaluation and testing; inspection of buildings; inspection of fabricated structures; inspection of goods for quality control; advisory services relating to material testing; design of test apparatus; design of equipment for joining, cutting and inspection applications; material testing; providing and operating search engines; information, advisory and consultancy services in relation to all the aforesaid services.
A method and system are provided of programming a robot for automating a skilled manual process which is applied to a first workpiece, such that the manual process may be repeated automatically by the robot upon a plurality of further workpieces. A functional tool is provided for use by a user in performing the manual process, the tool incorporating a number of sensors for monitoring the manual process. The manual process is applied to the first workpiece by the user using the tool whilst monitoring signals from the sensors in particular the position and orientation of the tool. The signals together with the recorded operational parameters data are processed to generate a robot control program for applying the process to the further workpieces. The tool may be a joining tool, a cutting tool, a coating tool or a spraying tool.
G05B 19/423 - Teaching successive positions by walk-through, i.e. the tool head or end effector being grasped and guided directly, with or without servo-assistance, to follow a path
A method of applying a bump to a conductive pad (2) on a substrate (1) having a passivation layer (3) over the conductive pad. The method comprises: a) providing a masking layer (11) over the passivation layer; b) patterning and developing the masking layer (11) to define a cavity (7) extending through the masking layer in alignment with the conductive pad (2); c) removing part of the passivation layer (3) exposed in the cavity (7) so as to expose the conductive pad; d) forming a bump (8) in the cavity contacting the conductive pad; and, e) removing the masking layer (11); the method further comprising applying a layer of solder (9) to the bump by immersing the substrate in a solder bath.
H01L 21/60 - Attaching leads or other conductive members, to be used for carrying current to or from the device in operation
H01L 23/485 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads or terminal arrangements consisting of lead-in layers inseparably applied to the semiconductor body consisting of layered constructions comprising conductive layers and insulating layers, e.g. planar contacts
An acoustic transducer assembly comprises a bipolar transducer (1 ) having an active surface with opposite ends that move towards and away from one another in response to an applied electrical fields. An acoustic decoupling material (2) is fixed to one end of the transducer surface, the acoustic decoupling material being such that it substantially prevents acoustic signals passing therethrough and substantially prevents coupling of the transducer's active surface.
G01N 29/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic wavesVisualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object Details
G10K 11/00 - Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in generalMethods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
G10K 11/36 - Devices for manipulating acoustic surface waves
23.
METHOD OF RELIEVING RESIDUAL STRESS IN A WELDED STRUCTURE
A method of relieving residual stresses in a welded structure (1) having a region of tensile stress (3) adjacent a weld joint (2) and a first region of compressive stress (4) adjacent the region of tensile stress. The method comprises controllably heating, typically induction heating, the first compressive stress region (4) under working conditions such that tensile stress is induced in the first compressive stress region and corresponding compressive stress is thereby induced in the tensile stress region (3) such that tensile stress in the tensile stress region is relieved.
A friction stir method comprises causing a rotating probe (1) of a friction stir tool to enter a workpiece or a joint between a pair of workpieces (89), the or each workpiece being a low conductivity, high melting point metal or metal alloy. The probe (1) extends from a shoulder (4), or between shoulders, in contact with the workpiece(s) and rotates relative to the or each shoulder.
B23K 20/12 - Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by frictionFriction welding
B23K 20/227 - Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer
A process for forming a composition comprising organosilsesguioxanes, comprises the following steps: 1. partially hydrolysing hydrolysable inorganic monomer precursors comprising at least 50 mole% of first hydrolysable inorganic monomer precursors having the formula RSiY3, in which R is an organic group, the R-Si bond is a non-hydrolysable bond, each Y group is the same as or different to one another and is selected from chemically-reactive groups such that each Si-Y bond is hydrolysable to form a Si-OH bond, to form inorganic monomers and allowing partial condensation of the inorganic monomers to form a liquid composition comprising inorganic oligomers; 2. prior to complete condensation of the inorganic monomers, quenching the liquid composition with an amount of water which, in combination with the water used in step (1) and any water liberated by condensation of the inorganic monomers in step (1) , is in excess of the stoichiometric amount of water required to achieve complete hydrolysis of all the hydrolysable inorganic monomer precursors present; and 3. drying the composition.
C08G 77/14 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
C08G 77/20 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to unsaturated aliphatic groups
C08G 77/26 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen nitrogen-containing groups
A fuel cell assembly comprising a fuel cell incorporated in a composite laminate structure, the composite laminate structure comprising a core material within which the fuel cell is embedded. The fuel cell comprises an electrolytic membrane having first and second faces, and first and second electrodes disposed adjacent to the respective faces of the electrolytic membrane. The first and second electrodes are connectable to an electric circuit. The core material provides support to the fuel cell embedded therein and fluid communication through the core material, to enable the passage of one or more fluids to the first and second electrodes.
A plasma source apparatus for generating a beam of charged particles is disclosed. The apparatus comprises: a plasma chamber provided with an inlet for the ingress of gas and an aperture for the extraction of charged particles from the plasma chamber;a radio frequency (RF) plasma generation unit for generating a plasma inside the plasma chamber, the radio frequency plasma generation unit comprising first and second resonant circuits each tuned to resonate at substantially the same resonant frequency, the first resonant circuit comprising a first antenna and a first, RF power source adapted to drive the first resonant circuit at substantially its resonant frequency, and the second resonant circuit comprising a second antenna, whereby in use an RF signal is induced in the second antenna by the first resonant circuit due to resonant coupling, the second resonant circuit being configured to apply the induced RF signal to the plasma chamber to generate a plasma therein; and a particle accelerating unit for extracting charged particles from the plasma and accelerating the charged particles to form a beam, the particle accelerating unit comprising a second power source configured to apply potential between the plasma chamber and an accelerating electrode, the region between the plasma chamber and the accelerating electrode constituting an acceleration column. The second power source is adapted to output a high voltage relative to that output by the first, RF power source.
