Abstract

Described is a catalyst system useful in the production of bisphenol-A comprises (a) an acidic heterogeneous catalyst comprising amorphous silica having organosulfonic acid groups chemically bonded thereto, wherein the catalyst has a pKa value of 3.5 or less; and (b) a catalyst promoter comprising at least one organic sulfur-containing compound.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 31/02 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
• B01J 21/08 - Silica
• C07C 37/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms using aldehydes or ketones

Abstract

Described is a catalyst system useful in the production of bisphenol-A comprises (a) an acidic heterogeneous catalyst comprising amorphous silica having organosulfonic acid groups chemically bonded thereto, wherein the catalyst has a pKa value of 3.5 or less; and (b) a catalyst promoter comprising at least one organic sulfur-containing compound.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/08 - Silica
• B01J 27/02 - Sulfur, selenium or telluriumCompounds thereof
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• C07C 37/00 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring

Abstract

A method is disclosed for treating a residual stream from bisphenol manufacture, wherein the residual stream comprises unreacted phenols, bisphenol isomers, trisphenols, organic sulfides and water. The method comprises contacting at least a portion of the residual stream or a reaction product thereof with an acidic catalyst under conditions sufficient to allow acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of organic sulfides in the residual stream to the corresponding thiols and produce an effluent stream, and then distilling at least a portion of the effluent stream to recover distillate products comprising phenols and thiols and produce a bottoms product comprising bisphenol isomers and trisphenols, and having a lower content of organic sulfides than the residual stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/86 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification
• C07C 37/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms using aldehydes or ketones
• C07C 37/84 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by crystallisation

Abstract

A process for producing bisphenol-A comprises reacting acetone and phenol in the presence of a catalyst system comprising an acidic heterogeneous catalyst and a catalyst promoter comprising at least one organic sulfur-containing compound to produce a reaction effluent comprising bisphenol-A, water, unreacted acetone, unreacted phenol and at least part of the catalyst promoter. At least part of the reaction effluent is distilled to remove water, catalyst promoter and unreacted acetone, and leave a residual stream containing bisphenol A. At least part of the residual stream is then contacted with a basic anion exchange resin to produce a purified stream, from which bisphenol-A is recovered.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms using aldehydes or ketones
• C07C 37/76 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation by steam distillation
• C07C 37/82 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by solid-liquid treatmentSeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by chemisorption

Abstract

A process for producing bisphenol-A comprises reacting acetone and phenol in the presence of a catalyst system comprising an acidic heterogeneous catalyst and a catalyst promoter comprising at least one organic sulfur-containing compound to produce a reaction effluent comprising bisphenol-A, water, unreacted acetone, unreacted phenol and at least part of the catalyst promoter. At least part of the reaction effluent is distilled to remove water, catalyst promoter and unreacted acetone, and leave a residual stream containing bisphenol A. At least part of the residual stream is then contacted with a basic anion exchange resin to produce a purified stream, from which bisphenol-A is recovered.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms using aldehydes or ketones
• C07C 37/74 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• C07C 37/82 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by solid-liquid treatmentSeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by chemisorption
• C07C 39/16 - Bis(hydroxy phenyl)alkanesTris(hydroxy phenyl)alkanes

Abstract

A catalyst system useful in the production of bisphenol-A comprises (a) an acidic heterogeneous catalyst; (b) a first catalyst promoter comprising at least one organic sulfur-containing compound; and (c) a second catalyst promoter different from the first catalyst promoter and comprising at least one organic Brønsted acidic ionic compound.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 39/16 - Bis(hydroxy phenyl)alkanesTris(hydroxy phenyl)alkanes
• B01J 31/00 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
• B01J 31/10 - Ion-exchange resins sulfonated
• B01J 31/02 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides

Abstract

A method is disclosed for treating a residual stream from bisphenol manufacture, wherein the residual stream comprises unreacted phenols, bisphenol isomers, trisphenols, organic sulfides and water. The method comprises contacting at least a portion of the residual stream or a reaction product thereof with an acidic catalyst under conditions sufficient to allow acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of organic sulfides in the residual stream to the corresponding thiols and produce an effluent stream, and then distilling at least a portion of the effluent stream to recover distillate products comprising phenols and thiols and produce a bottoms product comprising bisphenol isomers and trisphenols, and having a lower content of organic sulfides than the residual stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/86 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification
• C07C 37/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms using aldehydes or ketones
• C07C 39/16 - Bis(hydroxy phenyl)alkanesTris(hydroxy phenyl)alkanes

Abstract

4 olefins in the presence of a second alkylation catalyst under conditions effective to produce a second alkylation effluent which has reduced benzene content as compared with the first fraction.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 61/10 - Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one process of refining in the absence of hydrogen processes also including other conversion steps
• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
• B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
• C10G 7/02 - Stabilising gasoline by removing gases by fractioning
• C10G 35/095 - Catalytic reforming characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves

Abstract

3+ alkyl benzene. The second fraction is then contacted with benzene in the presence of a transalkylation catalyst to convert at least part of the polyethylated benzene to ethylbenzene and produce a transalkylation effluent.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 6/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring
• B01J 29/03 - Catalysts comprising molecular sieves not having base-exchange properties
• B01J 29/06 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof
• B01J 29/08 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
• B01J 29/18 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the mordenite type
• B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups

Abstract

A catalyst system useful in the production of bisphenol-A comprises (a) an acidic heterogeneous catalyst; (b) a first catalyst promoter comprising at least one organic sulfur- containing compound; and (c) a second catalyst promoter different from the first catalyst promoter and comprising at least one organic Brønsted acidic ionic compound..

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 31/10 - Ion-exchange resins sulfonated
• C07C 37/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms using aldehydes or ketones
• C07C 39/16 - Bis(hydroxy phenyl)alkanesTris(hydroxy phenyl)alkanes

Abstract

In a method for producing a monoalkylated aromatic product, benzene and an alkylating agent are contacted with an alkylation catalyst in a first alkylation reaction zone under alkylation conditions to produce a first alkylation effluent comprising the monoalkylated aromatic product, polyalkylated aromatic product, unreacted benzene and C5, C6 and/or C7 non-aromatic compounds. A purge stream containing C5, C6 and/or C7 non-aromatic compounds and unreacted benzene is removed from the first alkylation effluent and is contacted with an alkylating agent in a second alkylation reaction zone in the presence of an alkylation catalyst under alkylation conditions to produce a second alkylation effluent comprising monoalkylated aromatic product, polyalkylated aromatic product and C5, C6 and/or C7 non-aromatic compounds. The monoalkylated aromatic product is recovered from the first and second alkylation effluents and at least part of the C5, C6 and/or C7 non-aromatic compounds in the second alkylation effluent is purged.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 7/04 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by distillation
• C07C 15/085 - Isopropylbenzene

Abstract

5 olefins in the presence of a second alkylation catalyst to produce a third effluent which has reduced benzene content as compared with the second effluent.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 57/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process
• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
• C10G 59/02 - Treatment of naphtha by two or more reforming processes only or by at least one reforming process and at least one process which does not substantially change the boiling range of the naphtha plural serial stages only
• C10G 35/00 - Reforming naphtha

Abstract

A process is described for reducing the level of benzene in a refinery gasoline feed containing benzene and at least one C5+ olefin, in which the refinery gasoline feed is contacted with a first alkylation catalyst under conditions effective to react at least part of the C5+ olefin and benzene in the refinery gasoline feed and produce a first alkylation effluent. The first alkylation effluent is separated into at least (i) a first fraction rich in benzene, (ii) a second fraction rich in C7 to C12 hydrocarbons and (iii) a third fraction rich in C13+ hydrocarbons. At least part of the first fraction is contacted with an alkylating agent comprising one or more C2 to C4 olefins in the presence of a second alkylation catalyst under conditions effective to produce a second alkylation effluent which has reduced benzene content as compared with the first fraction.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms

Abstract

A process for producing ethylbenzene is described in which benzene and ethylene are supplied to an alkylation reaction zone. Also added to the alkylation reaction zone is a C3+ olefin in an amount of at least 200 ppm by weight of the ethylene supplied to the alkylation reaction zone. The benzene, ethylene and C3+ olefin are contacted with an alkylation catalyst in the alkylation reaction zone to alkylate at least part of the benzene and produce an alkylation effluent comprising ethylbenzene, polyethylated benzene and at least one mono-C3+ alkyl benzene. The alkylation effluent is separated into a first product fraction comprising ethylbenzene and a second fraction comprising polyethylated benzene and the at least one mono-C3+ alkyl benzene. The second fraction is then contacted with benzene in the presence of a transalkylation catalyst to convert at least part of the polyethylated benzene to ethylbenzene and produce a transalkylation effluent.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 6/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring

Abstract

In a method for producing a monoalkylated aromatic product, benzene and an alkylating agent are contacted with an alkylation catalyst in a first alkylation reaction zone under alkylation conditions to produce a first alkylation effluent comprising the monoalkylated aromatic product, polyalkylated aromatic product, unreacted benzene and C5, C6 and/or C7 non-aromatic compounds. A purge stream containing C5, C6 and/or C7 non-aromatic compounds and unreacted benzene is removed from the first alkylation effluent and is contacted with an alkylating agent in a second alkylation reaction zone in the presence of an alkylation catalyst under alkylation conditions to produce a second alkylation effluent comprising monoalkylated aromatic product, polyalkylated aromatic product and C5, C6 and/or C7 non-aromatic compounds. The monoalkylated aromatic product is recovered from the first and second alkylation effluents and at least part of the C5, C6 and/or C7 non-aromatic compounds in the second alkylation effluent is purged.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 15/085 - Isopropylbenzene

Abstract

In a process for reducing the level of benzene in a refinery gasoline feed containing benzene and at least one C4+ olefin, the feed is contacted with a first alkylation catalyst under conditions effective to react at least part of the C4+ olefin and benzene in the refinery gasoline feed and produce a first effluent containing C10+ hydrocarbons. At least part of the C10+ hydrocarbons is removed from the first effluent to produce a second effluent, which is then contacted with an alkylating agent selected from one or more C2 to C5 olefins in the presence of a second alkylation catalyst to produce a third effluent which has reduced benzene content as compared with the second effluent.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 59/02 - Treatment of naphtha by two or more reforming processes only or by at least one reforming process and at least one process which does not substantially change the boiling range of the naphtha plural serial stages only

Abstract

In a process for reducing the level of benzene in a refinery gasoline feed containing benzene and at least one C4+ olefin, the feed is contacted with a first alkylation catalyst under conditions effective to react at least part of the C4+ olefin and benzene in the refinery gasoline feed and produce a first effluent containing C10+ hydrocarbons. At least part of the C10+ hydrocarbons is removed from the first effluent to produce a second effluent, which is then contacted with an alkylating agent selected from one or more C2 to C5 olefins in the presence of a second alkylation catalyst to produce a third effluent which has reduced benzene content as compared with the second effluent.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
• C10G 59/02 - Treatment of naphtha by two or more reforming processes only or by at least one reforming process and at least one process which does not substantially change the boiling range of the naphtha plural serial stages only
• C10G 57/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process

Abstract

In a process for producing styrene, benzene is alkylated with ethylene to produce ethylbenzene and at least some of the ethylbenzene is dehydrogenated to produce styrene, together with benzene and toluene as by-products. At least part of the benzene by-product is passed through a bed of an adsorbent comprising at least one of an acidic clay, alumina, an acidic ion exchange resin and an acidic molecular sieve to remove basic nitrogenous impurities therefrom and produce a purified benzene by-product, which is then recycled to the alkylation step.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 6/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring
• C07C 5/327 - Formation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds only
• C07C 5/333 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 6/06 - Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond at a carbon-to-carbon double bond at a cyclic carbon-to-carbon double bond
• C07C 7/12 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers
• C07C 7/13 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers by molecular-sieve technique

Abstract

An integrated process for producing cumene and purifying isopropanol is described, in which a crude isopropanol stream containing in excess of 0.1 wt % water is separated into a dry isopropanol fraction containing no more than 0.1 wt % water and a wet isopropanol fraction containing the remainder of the water in said crude isopropanol stream. The dry isopropanol fraction is recovered and the wet isopropanol fraction is contacted with benzene in an alkylation zone under alkylation conditions such that at least part of the isopropanol reacts with the benzene to produce an effluent stream comprising cumene.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
• C07C 29/80 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• C07C 29/82 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation by azeotropic distillation

Abstract

In a process for alkylating an aromatic hydrocarbon feedstock with an olefin feedstock, at least one of the aromatic hydrocarbon and olefin feedstocks is passed through a pretreatment unit containing an adsorbent such that the adsorbent removes impurities contained by the feedstock. Passage of the at least one feedstock through the pretreatment unit is then terminated and a heated inert gas is passed through the pretreatment unit such that the inert gas desorbs impurities from the adsorbent to produce an inert gas effluent stream containing the desorbed impurities. A condensable fluid is added to at least part of the inert gas effluent stream such that at least a portion of the impurities contained therein condense with said fluid to leave a purified inert gas stream, which is recycled to the pretreatment unit.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 7/13 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers by molecular-sieve technique
• B01D 15/08 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
• B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxideSolid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
• B01J 20/18 - Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
• B01J 20/28 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositionsSorbents for chromatographyProcesses for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 20/34 - Regenerating or reactivating
• C07C 15/04 - Benzene

Abstract

A process is described for producing cumene comprising contacting benzene and a C3 alkylating agent under alkylation conditions with an alkylation catalyst in an alkylation zone to produce an alkylation effluent comprising cumene and alkylaromatic compounds heavier than cumene. Cumene is recovered from the alkylation effluent to leave a byproduct stream containing the alkylaromatic compounds heavier than cumene, which is separated into a polyisopropylbenzene-containing stream, an aromatic overhead stream, and a bottoms product. At least part of the aromatic overhead stream is recycled to the alkylation zone to reduce raw material consumption and improve cumene yield.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 6/06 - Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond at a carbon-to-carbon double bond at a cyclic carbon-to-carbon double bond
• C07C 6/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring

Abstract

In a process for producing cumene, benzene and a C3 alkylating agent comprising isopropanol are supplied to an alkylation zone comprising a molecular sieve alkylation catalyst under alkylation conditions such that the isopropanol reacts with the benzene to produce a reaction product comprising cumene. Subsequently, the supply of benzene and C3 alkylating agent to the alkylation zone is ceased and a gaseous stripping agent is supplied to the molecular sieve alkylation catalyst under conditions effective to remove nitrogenous impurities deposited on the catalyst during the preceding alkylation reaction. The supply of benzene and C3 alkylating agent to the alkylation zone is then reinitiated.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 407/00 - Preparation of peroxy compounds
• B01J 29/90 - Regeneration or reactivation
• C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
• B01J 29/08 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
• B01J 29/40 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
• B01J 29/70 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolitesIsomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups
• B01J 38/04 - Gas or vapour treatingTreating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
• B01J 38/10 - Gas or vapour treatingTreating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst using elemental hydrogen
• C07C 29/145 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 37/08 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by decomposition of hydroperoxides, e.g. cumene hydroperoxide
• C07C 45/00 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds

Abstract

In a process for producing cumene, isopropanol containing nitrogenous impurities is reacted with benzene in an alkylation reactor to produce an effluent stream comprising cumene, unreacted benzene and water. Water is removed from the effluent stream and an aliquot of the resultant dried effluent stream is treated to remove nitrogenous impurities and produce a purified recycle stream. At least part of the purified recycle stream is then recycled to the alkylation reactor. In an alternative embodiment, the isopropanol is combined with fresh and/or recycled benzene and the combined stream is treated to remove nitrogenous impurities before being fed to the alkylation reactor.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
• C07C 29/145 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 407/00 - Preparation of peroxy compounds
• C07C 45/53 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition of hydroperoxides
• C07C 37/08 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by decomposition of hydroperoxides, e.g. cumene hydroperoxide

Abstract

In a process for producing phenol, benzene is contacted with a C3 alkylating agent comprising isopropanol under alkylation conditions such that at least part of the isopropanol reacts with the benzene to produce cumene. At least part of the resultant cumene is then oxidized in the presence of an oxidizing gas to produce an oxidation effluent comprising cumene hydroperoxide, unreacted cumene and a spent oxidizing gas. The unreacted cumene is separated from the oxidation effluent and is treated to remove nitrogenous impurities therefrom and produce a purified cumene stream, which is recycled to the oxidization step. At least part of the cumene hydroperoxide from the oxidation effluent is cleaved to produce a cleavage effluent comprising phenol and acetone. The phenol is recovered phenol from the cleavage effluent, whereas at least part of the acetone from the cleavage effluent is hydrogenated to produce isopropanol for recycle to the alkylation step.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/08 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by decomposition of hydroperoxides, e.g. cumene hydroperoxide
• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 29/145 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
• C07C 407/00 - Preparation of peroxy compounds
• C07C 37/68 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives
• C07C 45/53 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition of hydroperoxides

Abstract

In an aromatics alkylation process, an aromatic hydrocarbon feedstock comprising an alkylatable aromatic hydrocarbon, at least 150 ppm by weight water and at least one organic nitrogen impurity is supplied to a dehydration zone where water is removed from the aromatic hydrocarbon feedstock to provide a dehydrated aromatic feedstock having a water content of no more than 20 ppm by weight. The dehydrated aromatic feedstock is then contacted with a clay adsorbent under conditions including a temperature less than 130°C such that the adsorbent removes at least part of the organic nitrogen impurity contained in the feedstock and produces a treated aromatic feedstock. The treated aromatic feedstock is then supplied to an alkylation reaction zone and/or a transalkylation reaction zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 7/12 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers
• C07C 15/04 - Benzene
• C07C 15/085 - Isopropylbenzene

Abstract

In a process for balancing gasoline and distillate production in a refinery, benzene in a refinery gasoline stream is contacted with a C2 to C5 alkylating agent under alkylation conditions in an alkylation zone to produce an alkylation effluent comprising one or more monoalkylbenzenes and one or more polyalkylbenzenes. At least part of said alkylation effluent can then be supplied to gasoline production whereas, depending on refinery needs, a varying amount of the one or more polyalkylbenzenes in the alkylation effluent is supplied to distillate production.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms

Abstract

In a process for producing styrene, benzene is alkylated with ethylene to produce ethylbenzene and at least some of the ethylbenzene is dehydrogenated to produce styrene, together with benzene and toluene as by-products. At least part of the benzene by-product is passed through a bed of an adsorbent comprising at least one of an acidic clay, alumina, an acidic ion exchange resin and an acidic molecular sieve to remove basic nitrogenous impurities therefrom and produce a purified benzene by-product, which is then recycled to the alkylation step.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 5/333 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 15/073 - Ethylbenzene
• C07C 15/46 - StyreneRing-alkylated styrenes
• C07C 7/12 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers
• C07C 7/13 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers by molecular-sieve technique

Abstract

An integrated process for producing cumene and purifying isopropanol is described, in which a crude isopropanol stream containing in excess of 0.1 wt % water is separated into a dry isopropanol fraction containing no more than 0.1 wt % water and a wet isopropanol fraction containing the remainder of the water in said crude isopropanol stream. The dry isopropanol fraction is recovered and the wet acetone isopropanol fraction is contacted with benzene in an alkylation zone under alkylation conditions such that at least part of the isopropanol reacts with the benzene to produce an effluent stream comprising cumene.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
• C07C 15/085 - Isopropylbenzene
• C07C 29/82 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation by azeotropic distillation
• C07C 31/10 - Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols containing three carbon atoms

Abstract

In a process for alkylating an aromatic hydrocarbon feedstock with an olefin feedstock, at least one of the aromatic hydrocarbon and olefin feedstocks is passed through a pretreatment unit containing an adsorbent such that the adsorbent removes impurities contained by the feedstock. Passage of the at least one feedstock through the pretreatment unit is then terminated and a heated inert gas is passed through the pretreatment unit such that the inert gas desorbs impurities from the adsorbent to produce an inert gas effluent stream containing the desorbed impurities. A condensable fluid is added to at least part of the inert gas effluent stream such that at least a portion of the impurities contained therein condense with said fluid to leave a purified inert gas stream, which is recycled to the pretreatment unit.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 7/13 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers by molecular-sieve technique
• B01D 15/08 - Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
• B01J 20/34 - Regenerating or reactivating
• B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
• B01D 53/79 - Injecting reactants

Abstract

In a process for producing cumene, benzene and a C3 alkylating agent comprising isopropanol are supplied to an alkylation zone comprising a molecular sieve alkylation catalyst under alkylation conditions such that the isopropanol reacts with the benzene to produce a reaction product comprising cumene. Subsequently, the supply of benzene and C3 alkylating agent to the alkylation zone is ceased and a gaseous stripping agent is supplied to the molecular sieve alkylation catalyst under conditions effective to remove nitrogenous impurities deposited on the catalyst during the preceding alkylation reaction. The supply of benzene and C3 alkylating agent to the alkylation zone is then reinitiated.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
• B01J 38/04 - Gas or vapour treatingTreating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst

Abstract

In a process for producing phenol, benzene is contacted with a C3 alkylating agent comprising isopropanol under alkylation conditions such that at least part of the isopropanol reacts with the benzene to produce cumene. At least part of the resultant cumene is then oxidized in the presence of an oxidizing gas to produce an oxidation effluent comprising cumene hydroperoxide, unreacted cumene and a spent oxidizing gas. The unreacted cumene is separated from the oxidation effluent and is treated to remove nitrogenous impurities therefrom and produce a purified cumene stream, which is recycled to the oxidization step. At least part of the cumene hydroperoxide from the oxidation effluent is cleaved to produce a cleavage effluent comprising phenol and acetone. The phenol is recovered phenol from the cleavage effluent, whereas at least part of the acetone from the cleavage effluent is hydrogenated to produce isopropanol for recycle to the alkylation step.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/145 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group of C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
• C07C 37/08 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by decomposition of hydroperoxides, e.g. cumene hydroperoxide
• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 45/53 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition of hydroperoxides
• C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
• C07C 407/00 - Preparation of peroxy compounds
• C07C 31/10 - Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols containing three carbon atoms
• C07C 39/04 - Phenol
• C07C 49/08 - Acetone
• C07C 15/085 - Isopropylbenzene
• C07C 409/10 - Cumene hydroperoxide

Abstract

In a process for producing cumene, isopropanol containing nitrogenous impurities is reacted with benzene in an alkylation reactor to produce an effluent stream comprising cumene, unreacted benzene and water. Water is removed from the effluent stream and an aliquot of the resultant dried effluent stream is treated to remove nitrogenous impurities and produce a purified recycle stream. At least part of the purified recycle stream is then recycled to the alkylation reactor. In an alternative embodiment, the isopropanol is combined with fresh and/or recycled benzene and the combined stream is treated to remove nitrogenous impurities before being fed to the alkylation reactor.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/08 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by decomposition of hydroperoxides, e.g. cumene hydroperoxide
• C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon

Abstract

A process is described for producing cumene comprising contacting benzene and a C3 alkylating agent under alkylation conditions with an alkylation catalyst in an alkylation zone to produce an alkylation effluent comprising cumene and alkylaromatic compounds heavier than cumene. Cumene is recovered from the alkylation effluent to leave a byproduct stream containing the alkylaromatic compounds heavier than cumene, which is separated into a polyisopropylbenzene-containing stream, an aromatic overhead stream, and a bottoms product. At least part of the aromatic overhead stream is recycled to the alkylation zone to reduce raw material consumption and improve cumene yield.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 7/04 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by distillation
• C07C 15/085 - Isopropylbenzene

Abstract

A process for reducing the benzene content of gasoline stream, such as a reformate or light naphtha, comprises alkylating the gasoline stream in a reaction zone with an olefin alkylating agent. A paraffinic stream comprising C5 to ClO paraffins is fed to the inlet of the alkylation reaction zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition

Abstract

In a process for alkylating benzene contained in a benzene-containing refinery gasoline stream, the benzene-containing refinery gasoline stream is contacted with an alkylating agent selected from one or more C2 to C5 olefins in at least one alkylation reaction zone under alkylation conditions to produce an alkylated effluent which has reduced benzene content as compared with said refinery gasoline stream and is essentially free of said alkylating agent. An aliquot of the alkylated effluent is then recycled to the one at least one alkylation reaction zone such that the molar ratio of alkylatable aromatic compounds to said alkylating agent in the combined refinery gasoline and recycle streams introduced into the at least one alkylation reaction zone is at least 1.0:1.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C10G 49/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms

Abstract

A process is disclosed for alkylating benzene contained in a benzene-containing refinery gasoline stream also comprising at least 0.1 wt % of at least one C6 to C8 olefin. In the process, the refinery gasoline stream is contacted under alkylation conditions with an alkylating agent selected from one or more C2 to C5 olefins in at least a first alkylation reaction zone and a second alkylation reaction zone connected in series to produce an alkylated effluent, which has reduced benzene content as compared with said refinery gasoline stream. All of the refinery gasoline stream is introduced into the first alkylation reaction stage, whereas an aliquot of the alkylated effluent is recycled and introduced to the second, but not the first, alkylation reaction zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 2/64 - Addition to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring

Abstract

A method for the evaporative production of phenol-BPA adduct crystals in a crystallizer is provided. First, a supersaturated BPA solution is introduced into a crystallizer that includes a cylindrical vessel and a concentrically-disposed draft tube that defines an annular space between the vessel and tube. Next, the BPA solution is circulated through the draft tube and annular space while a coolant is uniformly distributed in the circulating flow by radially injecting a volatile hydrocarbon compound at between about 30% and 60% of a radial extent of the annular space of to form a BPA mixture. Phenol-BPA adduct crystals are produced in the vessel by evaporating the volatile hydrocarbon compound out of the BPA mixture. The method provides a consistent and uniform concentration of coolant across the surface of the boiling zone that prevents or at least reduces unwanted crystal nucleation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C30B 7/14 - Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions the crystallising materials being formed by chemical reactions in the solution

Abstract

180 of at least 2.5, allowing operation at lower reaction pressures, e.g., a reaction pressure of about 450 psig (3102 kPa) or less, and lower alkylating agent feed supply pressure of 450 psig (3102 kPa) or less.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms

Abstract

A process is described for alkylating benzene contained in a refinery gasoline stream, in which the refinery gasoline stream is contacted with an alkylating agent comprising one or more C2 to C5 olefins in an alkylation reaction zone under alkylation conditions to produce an alkylated effluent. The alkylation reaction zone comprises at least a first alkylation reaction stage and a second alkylation reaction stage and a portion of said alkylating agent is fed to each of said first and second alkylation reaction stages so that, although the molar ratio of alkylatable aromatic to alkylating agent in the total feed to the alkylation reaction zone is less than 1, the molar ratio of alkylatable aromatic to alkylating agent at the inlet of each of the first and second alkylation reaction stages is at least 1.0..

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes

Abstract

In a method of recovering phenol and acetone from a feed stream containing bisphenol-A and isomers thereof, the feed stream is contacted with water and a source of hydroxyl ions under conditions effective to decompose at least part of said bisphenol-A and isomers thereof to phenol and acetone. The conditions include a temperature of 150 C to 300 C, a pressure sufficient to keep the water substantially in the liquid phase at said temperature, and a molar ratio of hydroxyl ions to hydroxyphenyl groups in the residue stream from 0.3:1 to 0.9:1.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms using aldehydes or ketones
• C07C 37/72 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by liquid-liquid treatment
• C07C 39/16 - Bis(hydroxy phenyl)alkanesTris(hydroxy phenyl)alkanes
• C07C 39/04 - Phenol

Abstract

In a method of treating a residue stream from the production of bisphenol-A, the residue stream is contacted with an aqueous solution of a base under conditions effective to hydrolyze at least part of said residue stream into acetone and phenol and produce an effluent stream. Acetone is recovered from the effluent stream to produce a phenol-containing mixed phase stream which is substantially free of acetone and which contains water and unhydrolyzed heavy organic compounds. The phenol-containing mixed phase stream is then treated with a water-immiscible organic solvent to extract phenol and unhydrolyzed heavy organic compounds into said solvent and produce an organic phase containing the solvent, phenol and unhydrolyzed heavy aromatic compounds and an aqueous phase with reduced concentrations of phenol and unhydrolyzed heavy organic compounds. At least part of the phenol and the organic solvent are subsequently recovered from the organic phase.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/72 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by liquid-liquid treatment
• C07C 39/04 - Phenol
• C07C 39/16 - Bis(hydroxy phenyl)alkanesTris(hydroxy phenyl)alkanes

Abstract

In a method of recovering phenol and acetone from a feed stream containing bisphenol-A and isomers thereof, the feed stream is contacted with water and a source of hydroxyl ions under conditions effective to decompose at least part of said bisphenol-A and isomers thereof to phenol and acetone. The conditions include a temperature of about 150° C. to about 300° C., a pressure sufficient to keep the water substantially in the liquid phase at said temperature, and a molar ratio of hydroxyl ions to hydroxyphenyl groups in the residue stream from about 0.3:1 to about 0.9:1.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 45/78 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives
• C07C 37/68 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives
• C07C 37/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms using aldehydes or ketones

Abstract

In a method of treating a residue stream from the production of bisphenol-A, the residue stream is contacted with an aqueous solution of a base under conditions effective to hydrolyze at least part of said residue stream into acetone and phenol and produce an effluent stream. Acetone is recovered from the effluent stream to produce a phenol-containing mixed phase stream which is substantially free of acetone and which contains water and unhydrolyzed heavy organic compounds. The phenol-containing mixed phase stream is then treated with a water-immiscible organic solvent to extract phenol and unhydrolyzed heavy organic compounds into said solvent and produce an organic phase containing the solvent, phenol and unhydrolyzed heavy aromatic compounds and an aqueous phase with reduced concentrations of phenol and unhydrolyzed heavy organic compounds. At least part of the phenol and the organic solvent are subsequently recovered from the organic phase.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/72 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by liquid-liquid treatment
• C07C 37/52 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions decreasing the number of carbon atoms by splitting polyaromatic compounds, e.g. polyphenolalkanes
• C07C 37/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms using aldehydes or ketones
• C07C 45/51 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition

Abstract

A process is disclosed for alkylating benzene contained in a benzene-containing refinery gasoline stream also comprising at least 0.1 wt % of at least one C6 to C8 olefin. In the processs, the refinery gasoline stream is contacted under alkylation conditions with an alkylating agent selected from one or more C2 to C5 olefins in at least a first alkylation reaction zone and a second alkylation reaction zone connected in series to produce an alkylated effluent, which has reduced benzene content as compared with said refinery gasoline stream. All of the refinery gasoline stream is introduced into the first alkylation reaction stage, whereas an aliquot of the alkylated effluent is recycled and introduced to the second, but not the first, alkylation reaction zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
• C10G 63/02 - Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
• C10G 57/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one cracking process or refining process and at least one other conversion process
• C10G 69/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one polymerisation or alkylation step

Abstract

A process for reducing the benzene content of gasoline stream, such as a reformate or light naphtha, comprises alkylating the gasoline stream in a reaction zone with an olefin alkylating agent. A paraffinic stream comprising C5 to ClO paraffins is fed to the inlet of the alkylation reaction zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms

Abstract

In a process for alkylating benzene contained in a benzene-containing refinery gasoline stream, the benzene-containing refinery gasoline stream is contacted with an alkylating agent selected from one or more C2 to C5 olefins in at least one alkylation reaction zone under alkylation conditions to produce an alkylated effluent which has reduced benzene content as compared with said refinery gasoline stream and is essentially free of said alkylating agent. An aliquot of the alkylated effluent is then recycled to the one at least one alkylation reaction zone such that the molar ratio of alkylatable aromatic compounds to said alkylating agent in the combined refinery gasoline and recycle streams introduced into the at least one alkylation reaction zone is at least 1.0:1.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms

Abstract

A crystallizer for the evaporative production of phenol-BPA adduct crystals is provided that achieves more uniform crystal growth while suppressing undesired crystal nucleation. The crystallizer includes a cylindrical vessel; a draft tube concentrically disposed within the cylindrical vessel such that an annular space is defined between the vessel and tube; an impeller that circulates liquid in the vessel through the draft tube and the annular space, and a plurality of nozzles mounted around an inner wall of said cylindrical vessel that introduce an evaporative coolant into the vessel. Each of the nozzles includes a discharge end disposed between about 30% and 60% of a radial extent of the annular space, and is located below an upper end of the draft tube a distance of between about 50% to 150% of the diameter of the vessel. Such a nozzle arrangement provides a consistent and uniform concentration of coolant across the surface of the boiling zone that prevents or at least reduces unwanted crystal nucleation.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 9/02 - Crystallisation from solutions

Abstract

Both a crystallizer and method for the evaporative production of phenol-BPA adduct crystals are provided that achieve more uniform crystal growth while suppressing undesired crystal nucleation. The crystallizer includes a cylindrical vessel; a draft tube concentrically disposed within the cylindrical vessel such that an annular space is defined between the vessel and tube; an impeller that circulates liquid in the vessel through the draft tube and the annular space, and a plurality of nozzles mounted around an inner wall of said cylindrical vessel that introduce an evaporative coolant into the vessel. Each of the nozzles includes a discharge end disposed between about 30% and 60% of a radial extent of the annular space, and is located below an upper end of the draft tube a distance of between about 50% to 150% of the diameter of the vessel. Such a nozzle arrangement provides a consistent and uniform concentration of coolant across the surface of the boiling zone that prevents or at least reduces unwanted crystal nucleation on the inner surfaces of the vessel and promotes uniform crystal growth by providing a consistent and uniform degree of supersaturation across the annular space within the boiling zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 9/00 - Crystallisation
• C07C 37/84 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by crystallisation

Abstract

In a process for alkylation of an alkylatable aromatic compound to produce a monoalkylated aromatic compound, a first feed stream comprising fresh alkylatable aromatic compound is passed to a first reaction zone which comprises a transalkylation catalyst and which also receives a second feed stream comprising polyalkylated aromatic compounds. The first and second feed streams are contacted with the transalkylation catalyst in the first reaction zone under conditions to transalkylate the polyalkylated aromatic compounds with the alkylatable aromatic compound to produce the desired monoalkylated aromatic compound. A first effluent stream comprising unreacted alkylatable aromatic compound and the monoalkylated aromatic compound is removed from the first reaction zone and passed to a fractionation system to separate the first effluent stream into a first light fraction comprising the unreacted alkylatable aromatic compound and a first heavy fraction comprising the monoalkylated aromatic compound. At least part of one or more impurities in the fresh feed stream are removed in the first reaction zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 6/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring

Abstract

A process is described for producing cumene comprising contacting a feed stream comprising benzene and a further feed stream comprising isopropanol or a mixture of isopropanol and propylene in the presence of an alkylation catalyst comprising at least a molecular sieve of the MCM-22, family in an alkylation zone under alkylation conditions of at least partial liquid phase and with a water concentration in the liquid phase of at least 50 ppm to react at least part of said isopropanol and benzene to produce an effluent stream containing cumene.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
• C07C 37/08 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by decomposition of hydroperoxides, e.g. cumene hydroperoxide

Abstract

A process for producing an alkylated aromatic product in a reactor by reacting an alkylatable aromatic compound feedstock with another feedstock comprising alkene component and alkane component in a reaction zone containing an alkylation catalyst. The reaction zone is operated in predominantly liquid phase without inter-zone alkane removal. The polyalkylated aromatic compounds can be separated as feed stream for transalkylation reaction in a transalkylation reaction zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 6/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring
• G01N 21/64 - FluorescencePhosphorescence
• C07C 2/64 - Addition to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
• A61B 5/083 - Measuring rate of metabolism by using breath test, e.g. measuring rate of oxygen consumption

Abstract

The present disclosure enables phenol recovery, purification and recycle in a simple, economic manner from waste streams from, for example, a phenol/acetone production process, e.g., a phenol/acetone plant or an upstream cumene hydroperoxide cleavage process step, and BPA production step, for use in the reaction with acetone to produce BPA. The disclosure therefore reduces the overall consumption of phenol in the production of BPA.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/68 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives

Abstract

−1.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 38/04 - Gas or vapour treatingTreating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
• B01J 38/10 - Gas or vapour treatingTreating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst using elemental hydrogen
• B01J 38/06 - Gas or vapour treatingTreating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst using steam
• B01J 38/02 - Heat treatment

Abstract

A process is described for producing an alkylaromatic compound in a multistage reaction system comprising at least first and second series-connected alkylation reaction zones each containing an alkylation catalyst. A first feed comprising an alkylatable aromatic compound and a second feed comprising an alkene and one or more alkanes are introduced into said first alkylation reaction zone, having operating conditions, e.g., temperature and pressure, which are controlled effective to cause the alkylatable aromatic compound to be partly in the vapor phase and partly in the liquid phase with the ratio of liquid volume to vapor volume of the feed in each zone to be from about 0.5 to about 10. The aromatic compound and the alkene are reacted in the presence of the alkylation catalyst to form an effluent comprising the alkylaromatic compound, unreacted alkylatable aromatic compound, any unreacted alkene and the alkane, which is withdrawn and then supplied to the second alkylation reaction zone without removal of the alkane.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes

Abstract

An improved process for recovering phenol from a bisphenol-A residue stream by reconfiguring the distillation column and the cracking reactor in a way that separates the reboil/distillation heat load and the cracking heat load, so that separate heat sources are used.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/68 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives
• C07C 37/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms using aldehydes or ketones
• C07C 39/04 - Phenol
• C07C 39/16 - Bis(hydroxy phenyl)alkanesTris(hydroxy phenyl)alkanes

Abstract

An improved process for recovering phenol from a bisphenol-A residue stream by reconfiguring the distillation column and the cracking reactor in a way that separates the reboil/distillation heat load and the cracking heat load, so that separate heat sources are used.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/74 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• C07C 37/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms using aldehydes or ketones

Abstract

In a process for producing cumene from acetone and benzene, a feed stream comprising acetone is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst in a first reaction zone under hydrogenation conditions sufficient to convert at least part of the acetone to isopropanol and produce a first liquid effluent stream rich in isopropanol and a first vapor stream rich in unreacted hydrogen. Benzene is then added to at least part of the first liquid effluent stream, without intermediate purification of the first liquid effluent stream, and optionally to at least part of the first vapor stream, to form a second feed stream. The second feed stream is then contacted with an alkylation catalyst in a second reaction zone separate from the first reaction zone under alkylation conditions sufficient to maintain at least part of the second feed stream in the liquid phase and to cause at least part of the isopropanol in the second feed stream to react with the benzene to form cumene and water and produce a second effluent stream comprising at least cumene, water and unreacted benzene. Hydrogen is separated from the first vapor stream and/or the second effluent stream. At least part of the hydrogen is recycled to the first reaction zone and/or purged from the system.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
• C07C 15/085 - Isopropylbenzene
• C07C 37/08 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by decomposition of hydroperoxides, e.g. cumene hydroperoxide
• C07C 39/04 - Phenol

Abstract

A process is described for producing cumene comprising contacting a feed stream comprising benzene and a further feed stream comprising isopropanol or a mixture of isopropanol and propylene in the presence of an alkylation catalyst comprising at least a molecular sieve of the MCM- 22 family in an alkylation zone under alkylation conditions of at least partial liquid phase and with a water concentration in the liquid phase of at least 50 ppm to react at least part of said isopropanol and benzene to produce an effluent stream containing cumene.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/86 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
• C07C 15/085 - Isopropylbenzene
• C07C 37/08 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by decomposition of hydroperoxides, e.g. cumene hydroperoxide
• C07C 39/04 - Phenol

Abstract

In a method of reducing the viscosity of a residue stream from the production of bisphenol-A, the residue stream is combined with at least one of (a) a bottoms stream comprising polyalkylaromatic compounds and remaining after the fractionation of an effluent from an aromatics alkylation process to remove monoalkylaromatic compounds, (b) a stream containing at least 90 wt % phenol and (c) a mixture of phenol and said bottoms stream (a) to produce a combined stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/88 - Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
• C07C 39/16 - Bis(hydroxy phenyl)alkanesTris(hydroxy phenyl)alkanes

Abstract

In a method of reducing the viscosity of a residue stream from the production of bisphenol-A, the residue stream is combined with at least one of (a) a bottoms stream comprising polyalkylaromatic compounds and remaining after the fractionation of an effluent from an aromatics alkylation process to remove monoalkylaromatic compounds, (b) a stream containing at least 90 wt% phenol and (c) a mixture of phenol and said bottoms stream (a) to produce a combined stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/07 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by conversion of non-aromatic six-membered rings or of such rings formed in situ into aromatic six-membered rings, e.g. by dehydrogenation with simultaneous reduction of C=O group in that ring
• C07C 37/68 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives
• C07C 39/16 - Bis(hydroxy phenyl)alkanesTris(hydroxy phenyl)alkanes

Abstract

3 alkylating agent to produce an alkylation effluent comprising cumene; (2) oxidizing the cumene to produce the corresponding hydroperoxide; (3) cleaving the hydroperoxide to produce product comprising phenol and acetone; (4) reacting acetone with phenol to form a reaction product stream comprising crude bisphenol-A product; (5) distilling the reaction product stream, while sending downstream to a BPA-phenol adduct crystallization and purification step, the resulting concentrated BPA phenolic feed stream; (6) producing BPA-phenol adduct crystals by crystallization of the concentrated BPA phenolic feed stream; (7) separating the BPA-phenol adduct crystals by solid-liquid separationr; (8) cracking a stream comprising at least a portion of said final mother liquor to recover a product; and (9) recovering and feeding the phenol product of step (8) to step (4) and/or step (7).

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/74 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• C07C 37/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms using aldehydes or ketones

Abstract

A process is described for producing an alkylaromatic compound in a multistage reaction system comprising at least first and second series-connected alkylation reaction zones each containing an alkylation catalyst. A first feed comprising an alkylatable aromatic compound and a second feed comprising an alkene and one or more alkanes are introduced into said first alkylation reaction zone. The operating conditions, e.g. temperature and pressure, of the first alkylation reaction zone are controlled effective to cause the alkylatable aromatic compound to be partly in the vapor phase and partly in the liquid phase, and the ratio of the volume of liquid to the volume of vapor of the feed in each zone to be from about 0.1 to about 10. The aromatic compound and the alkene of the feed are reacted in the presence of the alkylation catalyst to form an effluent comprising the alkylaromatic compound, unreacted alkylatable aromatic compound, any unreacted alkene and the alkane. The effluent is withdrawn from the first alkylation reaction zone and then supplied to the second alkylation reaction zone without removal of the alkane.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes

Abstract

An improved process for the manufacture of a polyphenol compound such as bisphenol-A by introducing into a reaction zone a phenolic compound reactant, a carbonyl compound reactant, and a catalyst promoter comprising bismethylthiopropane added to the reaction system in certain specific locations, and reacting the ingredients within the reaction zone in the presence of an acid catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms using aldehydes or ketones

Abstract

The present disclosure enables phenol recovery, purification and recycle in a simple, economic manner from waste streams from, for example, a phenol/acetone production process, e.g., a phenol/acetone plant or an upstream cumene hydroperoxide cleavage process step, and BPA production step, for use in the reaction with acetone to produce BPA. The disclosure therefore reduces the overall consumption of phenol in the production of BPA.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/68 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives

Abstract

A process is described for producing an alkylaromatic compound in a multistage reaction system comprising at least first and second series-connected alkylation reaction zones each containing an alkylation catalyst. A first feed comprising an alkylatable aromatic compound and a second feed comprising an alkene and one or more alkanes are introduced into said first alkylation reaction zone. The first alkylation reaction zone is operated under conditions of temperature and pressure effective to cause alkylation of the aromatic compound with the alkene in the presence of the alkylation catalyst, the temperature and pressure being such that the aromatic compound is partly in the vapor phase and partly in the liquid phase. An effluent comprising the alkylaromatic compound, unreacted alkylatable aromatic compound, any unreacted alkene and the alkane is withdrawn from the first alkylation reaction zone and then supplied to the second alkylation reaction zone without removal of the alkane. The operating conditions in each of said first and second reaction zones are such that the ratio of the volume of liquid to the volume of vapor in each zone is from about 0.1 to about 10.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 6/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring

Abstract

An improved process for the manufacture of a polyphenol compound such as bisphenol-A by introducing into a reaction zone a phenolic compound reactant, a carbonyl compound reactant, and a catalyst promoter comprising bismethylthiopropane added to the reaction system in certain specific locations, and reacting the ingredients within the reaction zone in the presence of an acid catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms using aldehydes or ketones

Abstract

A process is described for producing an alkylaromatic compound in a multistage reaction system comprising at least first and second series-connected alkylation reaction zones each containing an alkylation catalyst. A first feed comprising an alkylatable aromatic compound and a second feed comprising an alkene and one or more alkanes are introduced into said first alkylation reaction zone. The first alkylation reaction zone is operated under conditions of temperature and pressure effective to cause alkylation of the aromatic compound with the alkene in the presence of the alkylation catalyst, the temperature and pressure being such that the aromatic compound is partly in the vapor phase and partly in the liquid phase. An effluent comprising the alkylaromatic compound, unreacted alkylatable aromatic compound, any unreacted alkene and the alkane is withdrawn from the first alkylation reaction zone and then supplied to the second alkylation reaction zone without removal of the alkane. The operating conditions in each of said first and second reaction zones are such that the ratio of the volume of liquid to the volume of vapor in each zone is from about 0.1 to about 10.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/68 - Catalytic processes with halides

Abstract

An improved process is provided for producing bisphenol-A (BPA) comprising steps of (1) contacting benzene and a C3 alkylating agent, e.g. propylene, isopropanol or propyl chloride, under alkylation conditions with an alkylation catalyst in a reaction zone to produce an alkylation effluent comprising cumene; (2) oxidizing the cumene from step (1) to produce the corresponding hydroperoxide; (3) cleaving the hydroperoxide from step (2), to produce product comprising phenol and acetone; (4) reacting acetone with a stoichiometric excess of phenol under acidic conditions, possibly in the presence of a cocatalyst or promoter, e.g. a thiol compound, to form a reaction product stream comprising crude bisphenol-A product, unreacted phenol, possibly unreacted acetone, possibly cocatalyst or promoter, water of condensation, and other reaction byproducts; (5) distilling in single or multistage the reaction product stream from step (4) to distill off a volatilized unreacted phenol stream, possibly an unreacted acetone stream, possibly a stream containing cocatalyst or promoter if present in step (4), and the water of condensation, while sending downstream to a BPA- phenol adduct crystallization and purification step, said purification step comprising one or more solid-liquid separation and wash steps, the resulting concentrated BPA phenolic feed stream consisting essentially of phenol in which the bisphenol-A and byproducts have been concentrated; (6) producing BPA- phenol adduct crystals by crystallization of the concentrated BPA phenolic feed stream in said crystallization, solid-liquid separation and wash steps with cooling for said crystallization by vaporization of an alkane hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons containing from 4 to 6 carbons, e.g. pentane; (7) separating the BPA-phenol adduct crystals by solid-liquid separation, such as, for example, by centrifugation or filtration, and washing same in one or multiple stages with a wash phenol stream which may include at least a portion of the volatilized unreacted phenol stream recovered from step (5), or spent wash or mother liquor from subsequent crystallization, solid-liquid separation, and wash steps, to produce final washed BPA-phenol adduct, final spent wash and final mother liquor; (8) cracking a stream comprising at least a portion, for example from about 0.5 to about 20 wt.%, preferably from about 1 to about 10 wt.%, more preferably from about 2 to about 7 wt.%, of said final mother liquor of step (7) in a reactor with basic or acidic cracking catalyst, for example caustic or aluminum chloride, under cracking conditions selected to recover a product comprising from about 60 to about 90 wt.% of said portion of said mother liquor stream as phenol having a purity level of from about 95 to about 100 wt.%, and from about 10 to about 40 wt.% of said cracked stream as heavy residue byproduct; and (9) recovering and feeding the phenol product of step (8) to step (4) and/or step (7).

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 37/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by reactions increasing the number of carbon atoms using aldehydes or ketones
• C07C 39/16 - Bis(hydroxy phenyl)alkanesTris(hydroxy phenyl)alkanes
• C07C 37/08 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by decomposition of hydroperoxides, e.g. cumene hydroperoxide
• C07C 39/04 - Phenol
• C07C 45/53 - Preparation of compounds having C=O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atomsPreparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition of hydroperoxides
• C07C 49/08 - Acetone
• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes
• C07C 15/085 - Isopropylbenzene

Abstract

A process for producing an alkylated aromatic compound from polyalkylated aromatic compound(s) having bi-alkylated aromatic compound(s) and tri-alkylated aromatic compound(s), comprising the step of contacting alkylatable aromatic compound(s) with the polyalkylated aromatic compound(s) at a transalkylation condition in the presence of a transalkylation catalyst. The transalkylation catalyst has high activity sufficient to achieve a ratio of bi- alkylated aromatic compound(s) conversion over tri-alkylated aromatic compound(s) conversion in a range of from about 0.5 to about 2.5.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 6/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring

Abstract

A process for producing a monoalkylated aromatic product in a reactor by reacting a mixed phase mixture of an alkylatable aromatic compound feedstock with another feedstock comprising alkene component in a reaction zone containing an alkylation catalyst. An effluent comprising the monoalkylated aromatic product and polyalkylated aromatic compounds exits from the reaction zone in liquid phase. The polyalkylated aromatic compounds can be separated as feed stream for transalkylation reaction in a transalkylation reaction zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms

Abstract

A process for producing an alkylated aromatic compound from polyalkylated aromatic compound(s) having bi-alkylated aromatic compound(s) and tri- alkylated aromatic compound(s), comprising the step of contacting alkylatable aromatic compound(s) with the polyalkylated aromatic compound(s) at a transalkylation condition in the presence of a transalkylation catalyst. The transalkylation catalyst has high activity sufficient to achieve a ratio of bi- alkylated aromatic compound(s) conversion over tri-alkylated aromatic compound(s) conversion in a range of from about 0.5 to about 2.5.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 6/12 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions by conversion at a saturated carbon-to-carbon bond of exclusively hydrocarbons containing a six-membered aromatic ring

Abstract

Process for producing an alkylated aromatic product in a reactor by reacting an alkylatable aromatic compound feedstock with another feedstock comprising alkene component and alkane component in a reaction zone containing an alkylation catalyst. The reaction zone is operated in predominantly liquid phase without inter-zone alkane removal. The polyalkylated aromatic compounds can be separated as feed stream for transalkylation reaction in a transalkylation reaction zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/66 - Catalytic processes