Continuous charcoal production system in a vertical reactor with a concentric charging zone (1) and drying zone (2), a carbonization zone (3), a cooling zone (4) and a discharge zone (5), and a method for recovering energy from carbonization gases for the production of this charcoal, comprising the extraction of carbonization gas from the drying zone (2) and subdividing it into recirculating gas and heating gas, with the remaining gas exceeding the energy required to generate electricity; burning the heating gas in a hot gas generator (11); injecting the recirculating gas into a heat recovery unit (9); injecting the heating gas after combustion into the heat recovery unit (9), indirect heating of the recirculating gas; and reinjecting the heated recirculating gas into the carbonization zone (3) of the reactor (R).
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
C10B 21/22 - Methods of heating ovens of the chamber oven type by introducing the heating gas and air at various levels
C10B 31/02 - Charging devices for coke ovens for charging vertically
C10B 41/08 - Safety devices, e.g. signalling or controlling devices for use in the discharge of coke for the withdrawal of the distillation gases
C10B 49/04 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
Continuous charcoal production system in a vertical reactor with a concentric charging zone (1) and a drying zone (2) concentrically arranged, a carbonization zone (3), a cooling zone (4) and a discharge zone (5), and a method for recovering energy from carbonization gases for the production of this charcoal, comprising extracting the carbonization gas from the drying zone (2) and subdividing it into recirculating gas and heating gas, with the remaining gas exceeding the energy required to generate electricity; burning the heating gas in a hot gas generator (11); injecting the recirculating gas into a heat recovery unit (9); injecting the heating gas after combustion into the heat recovery unit (9) for indirectly heating the recirculating gas; and reinjecting the heated recirculating gas into the carbonization zone (3) of the reactor (R).
C10B 49/02 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
3.
PROCESS AND REACTOR FOR CONTINUOUS CHARCOAL PRODUCTION
Continuous charcoal production system in a vertical reactor with a concentric charging zone (1) and a drying zone (2) concentrically arranged, a carbonization zone (3), a cooling zone (4) and a discharge zone (5), and a method for recovering energy from carbonization gases for the production of this charcoal, comprising extracting the carbonization gas from the drying zone (2) and subdividing it into recirculating gas and heating gas, with the remaining gas exceeding the energy required to generate electricity; burning the heating gas in a hot gas generator (11); injecting the recirculating gas into a heat recovery unit (9); injecting the heating gas after combustion into the heat recovery unit (9) for indirectly heating the recirculating gas; and reinjecting the heated recirculating gas into the carbonization zone (3) of the reactor (R).
C10B 49/02 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
C10B 53/02 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
4.
Automatic system and method for measuring and machining the end of tubular elements
The present invention relates to an automatic system for measuring and machining pipe ends having measuring equipment that has an internal laser sensor and an external laser sensor. The system can also have a machining station that has at least one machining tool for machining the inner diameter of the pipe and at least one machining tool for machining the outer diameter of the pipe, which are centralized and operated independently of each other. In some embodiments, the system has an electronic interface central between the measuring equipment and the machining tools, having records of critical values of outer diameter and inner diameter for the pipe end, the electronic interface central receiving measured values of outer and inner diameters from the measuring equipment, comparing them with the critical values, and controlling the operation of the machining tools as a function of the result of the comparison.
B23B 5/08 - Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular workAccessories specially adapted therefor for turning axles, bars, rods, tubes, rolls, i.e. shaft-turning lathes, roll lathesCentreless turning
B23Q 17/24 - Arrangements for indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics
G01B 11/12 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters internal diameters
G01N 21/952 - Inspecting the exterior surface of cylindrical bodies or wires
G01N 21/954 - Inspecting the inner surface of hollow bodies, e.g. bores
G01B 11/08 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
B23Q 17/20 - Arrangements for indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness
5.
AUTOMATIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASURING AND MACHINING THE END OF TUBULAR ELEMENTS
The present invention relates to an automatic system for measuring and machining the end of pipes comprising: measuring equipment (1) having an inner laser sensor (3) and an outer laser sensor (2) for measuring the inner and outer diameters of the pipe end; a machining station (5) having at least one tool for machining the inner diameter of the pipe (14) and at least one tool for machining the outer diameter of the pipe (12, 13), the tools being centrally operated independently of each other; an electronic central unit that provides an interface (6) between the measuring equipment and the machining tools, and comprises records of critical values of the outer and inner diameters of the pipe ends, wherein the central electronic interface (6) receives the measured values of the outer and inner diameters from the measuring equipment, compares these values with the critical values, and controls the operation of the machining tools (12, 13, 14) according to the result from the comparison, in order to bring the real values of the outer and inner pipe diameters close to the critical values.
The present invention relates to a tower (1) for generating wind power, comprising at least three columns (3) extending from a base of the tower up to the upper end thereof, each column (3) comprising a plurality of interconnected tubular elements and a plurality of tubular elements mounted in the form of a trellis (4) between the columns (3) thereby forming the structure from the base to the upper end of the tower (1).
The present invention relates to a martensitic-ferritic stainless steel with high corrosion resistance that comprises the following chemical composition: C: from 5 0.005 to 0.030%; Si: from 0.10 to 0.40%; Mn from 0.20 to 0.80%; P: 0.020% max; S: 0.005% max; Cr: from 13 to 15%; Ni: from 4.0 to 6.0%; Mo: from 2.0 to 4.5%; V: from 0.01 to 0.10%; Nb: from 0.01 to 0.50%; N: from 0.001 to 0.070%; Al: from 0.001 to 0.060%; Ti: from 0.001 to 0.050%; Cu: from 0.01 to 1.50%; O: 0.005% max (all in weight percent), wherein the balance is performed by Fe and unavoidable impurities 10 from the industrial possessing in acceptable levels. Additionally, the martensitic- ferritic stainless steel of the present invention has the localized corrosion parameter (LCP), between 3.2 and 6.2, as defined by equation below; LCP = 0.500-%Cr + 1.287 ⋅ %Mo + 1.308⋅%N —5.984 The present invention also relates to a manufactured product comprising the martensitic-ferritic stainless steel of the invention; to a process for 15 production of forged or rolled parts or bars; and to a process for production of seamless tube from this martensitic-ferritic stainless steel of the present invention, wherein the processes of the invention have a heating temperature in determined step following the equation below: TProc - 16.9 * %Cr -49.9 *%Mo > 535
The present invention relates to a multilayer pipe (1 ) comprising a base tube (10) of metallic material and at least one outer coating tube (30) of metallic material disposed coaxially and externally in relation to the base tube, and the base tube (10) and the at least one outer coating tube (30) are mechanically bonded together with an interference fit, and metallurgically bonded. The multilayer pipe is a tube which has a homogeneous distribution of material along its longitudinal length.
A process for producing a multilayer pipe by expansion is disclosed, with or without heating, in which a multilayer pipe (1 ) comprises at least one outer pipe of metallic material (10) and an inner pipe of metallic material (20), the inner pipe of metallic material (20) having a yield strength lower than the yield strength of the outer pipe (23) and an external diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the outer pipe. The process for producing the multilayer pipe comprises a mounting step (34) between the pipes (10, 20), wherein the inner pipe is inserted inside the outer pipe, and at least one mechanical expansion step (36), comprising moving a mandrel (2) longitudinally and internally in the inner pipe (20) while the outer pipe and the inner pipe are held at a fixed position, wherein at least part of the mandrel (2) has a greater external diameter than the internal diameter of the inner pipe. When the pipes are subjected to a process of cold expansion, a "lined pipe" is obtained, which is characterized by mechanical bonding between the pipes. When the pipes are subjected to a process of hot expansion, a "clad pipe" is obtained, which is characterized by metallurgical bonding between the pipes.
B21C 37/06 - Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided forManufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hosesCombined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
B21C 37/15 - Making tubes of special shapeMaking the fittings
B23P 11/02 - Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques, not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluidsConnecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques, not otherwise provided for by making force fits
The invention relates to a process for producing a multilayer pipe (1 ) from a tubular element having a metallurgical bond comprising at least one outer pipe (10) of metallic material and one inner pipe (20) of metallic material arranged within the outer pipe, the inner surface of the outer pipe (10) being mechanically bonded to the outer surface of the inner pipe (20) at least in parts of their interface, in which, in a production line, the tubular element is simultaneously heated and drawn, wherein each portion of the tubular element is submitted to heating by induction and then to hot-drawing, wherein the tubular element is drawn with a mandrel located therein. Through this process, the existing mechanical connection between the pipes is trans- formed in a metallurgical connection. The invention also relates to a multilayer pipe (1 ) produced for this process, wherein the outer pipe (10) is made of a carbon manganese steel alloy and the inner pipe (2) is made of a corrosion-resistant alloy.
B21C 1/24 - Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by means other than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, rods or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles by means of mandrels
B21C 9/00 - Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
B21C 37/06 - Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided forManufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hosesCombined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
B21C 37/15 - Making tubes of special shapeMaking the fittings
B23P 11/02 - Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques, not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluidsConnecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques, not otherwise provided for by making force fits
The invention relates to a process for producing a multilayer pipe (1 ) from a tubular element having a metallurgical bond comprising at least one outer pipe (10) of metallic material and one inner pipe (20) of metallic material arranged within the outer pipe, the inner surface of the outer pipe (10) being mechanically bonded to the outer surface of the inner pipe (20) at least in parts of their interface, in which, in a production line, the tubular element is simultaneously heated and drawn, wherein each portion of the tubular element is submitted to heating by induction and then to hot-drawing, wherein the tubular element is drawn with a mandrel located therein. Through this process, the existing mechanical connection between the pipes is trans- formed in a metallurgical connection. The invention also relates to a multilayer pipe (1 ) produced for this process, wherein the outer pipe (10) is made of a carbon manganese steel alloy and the inner pipe (2) is made of a corrosion-resistant alloy.
B21C 37/15 - Making tubes of special shapeMaking the fittings
B23P 11/02 - Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques, not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluidsConnecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques, not otherwise provided for by making force fits
B21C 37/06 - Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided forManufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hosesCombined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
B21C 1/24 - Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by means other than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, rods or tubes specially adapted for making tubular articles by means of mandrels
B21C 9/00 - Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
12.
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A MULTILAYER PIPE BY EXPANSION AND MULTILAYER PIPE PRODUCED BY SAID PROCESS
A process for producing a multilayer pipe by expansion is disclosed, with or without heating, in which a multilayer pipe (1 ) comprises at least one outer pipe of metallic material (10) and an inner pipe of metallic material (20), the inner pipe of metallic material (20) having a yield strength lower than the yield strength of the outer pipe (23) and an external diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the outer pipe. The process for producing the multilayer pipe comprises a mounting step (34) between the pipes (10, 20), wherein the inner pipe is inserted inside the outer pipe, and at least one mechanical expansion step (36), comprising moving a mandrel (2) longitudinally and internally in the inner pipe (20) while the outer pipe and the inner pipe are held at a fixed position, wherein at least part of the mandrel (2) has a greater external diameter than the internal diameter of the inner pipe. When the pipes are subjected to a process of cold expansion, a "lined pipe" is obtained, which is characterized by mechanical bonding between the pipes. When the pipes are subjected to a process of hot expansion, a "clad pipe" is obtained, which is characterized by metallurgical bonding between the pipes.
B21C 37/15 - Making tubes of special shapeMaking the fittings
B23P 11/02 - Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques, not otherwise provided for by first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using pressure fluidsConnecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques, not otherwise provided for by making force fits
B21C 37/06 - Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided forManufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hosesCombined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
An array of ultrasonic transducers in a conical formation emits pulses of ultrasonic simultaneously so that an anomaly of any orientation in a test object can be detected efficiently.
G01N 29/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic wavesVisualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object Details
G10K 11/32 - Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning characterised by shape of the source
14.
Production control method and device for checking the traversability of pipes
A device for checkivng steel pipes during production and to a method using the device. The device includes a station for acquiring measurement data representative of physical measurements of the geometry of a pipe taken on an outside thereof, and a computer system configured to store template data applicable in a coordinate system and representative of overall geometry of a sizing body. In a chosen coordinate system, the system then provides a three-dimensional representation of parts of the pipe. For each part of the pipe, the system is referenced to determine a critical parameter, representative of the margin of passage of the sizing body inside a chosen part of the pipe. The method and device may thus establish a diagnostic of traversability of the pipe by a sizing body.
G01N 29/28 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic wavesVisualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object Details providing acoustic coupling
G01N 29/30 - Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
15.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING SEAMLESS HOT-ROLLED PIPES IN CONTINUOUS PIPE ROLLING MILLS
The invention relates to a method for producing seamless pipes, wherein a hot hollow block created previously in a piercing mill (1) is stretched by means of a continuous rolling mill (2) on a mandrel bar to form a parent pipe and the parent pipe is fed directly to a stretch reducing mill or sizing mill (5) as a finishing mill, while forgoing an extracting mill and a reheating furnace, and is rolled there to the required final pipe diameter. The hollow block is pre-dimensioned in the layer thereof in such a manner that only a single layer is produced as the required parent pipe layer during the stretching in the continuous rolling mill and the parent pipe is pulled off of the mandrel rod by the finishing rolling during the subsequent finishing rolling, wherein the rolling is performed using rolling mill components that are designed in the dimensions thereof for handling single layers.
The invention relates to a method for measuring the profile geometry of curved, in particular cylindrical bodies by means of a two-dimensional light-section method, wherein a fan-shaped light section line (2) is imaged on a sub-region of the circumferential contour of the body (4) by means of a projector (1), and the beams reflected by the surface of the body are received by a detector (3). The height profiles of the respective sub-regions of the circumferential contour, which are measured during the rotation on the body, are joined into a circumferential contour made of virtual circumferential segments of the individual height profiles, using the following steps: a) synchronized recording of the height profiles, b) imaging the height values on the circumferential segments made of data points present in a two-dimensional space, c) determining the angular position of each height profile, d) disposing the individual circumferential segments in the positions that the associated height profiles take physically on the respective sub-region of the circumferential contour by means of rotation about a common rotation point for all circumferential segments, e) determining the overlap lengths of the circumferential segments, f) rotating and displacing the circumferential segments in such a manner that the overlapping regions overlap one another in a uniform manner, erroneous angles of rotation and spatial positions thereby being corrected, wherein, during recording, the ends of adjacent height profiles partially overlap and/or the ends are extended by extrapolation and overlapping end regions of adjacent circumferential segments are formed.
G01B 11/25 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. moiré fringes, on the object
The invention relates to a traction rod (1) for bracing a crane jib, comprising a metallic tubular body (2) and coupling elements (3) which are connected to both ends thereof for an articulated connection of the traction rods among each other by means of bolts (5). According to the invention, the tubular body and the coupling elements consist of a one-piece tube portion, wherein the coupling elements are designed in each case as a thicker zone of the wall of the ends of the tubular body and are dimensioned in such a manner that a weakening of the cross section of the nominal wall thickness of the coupling elements, which has to be considered for calculating the load capacity of the tubular body, is prevented in the region of the bolt connection and the transition regions (7) from the respective thicker zones of the wall in the direction of the tubular body have a transition free of starting points for increasing fatigue strength.
The invention relates to a device for checking steel pipes during production and to its method of use. The device comprises a station for acquiring measurement data representative of physical measurements of the geometry of a pipe taken on the outside thereof. It comprises, on the one hand, a computer system capable of storing template data applicable in a coordinate system and representative of the overall geometry of a sizing body. In a chosen coordinate system, the system then provides a three-dimensional representation of parts of the pipe. For each part of the pipe, the system is designed to determine a critical parameter, representative of the margin of passage of the sizing body inside a chosen part of the pipe. The method and device of the invention may thus establish a diagnostic of the traversability of the pipe by a sizing body.
In a method for the nondestructive testing of pipes made of ferromagnetic steel for flaws by means of stray flux, the pipe is magnetized by a constant field and the discontinuities in the near-surface region of the outer or inner surface of the pipe cause magnetic stray fluxes, which exit the pipe surface and are detected by probes of a test unit, wherein the association of the detected amplitude signals is performed on the basis of the amplitude height and/or the frequency spectrum with respect to an external or internal flaw via defined flaw thresholds respectively. For this, prior to associating the detected amplitude signals to an external or internal flaw, the angular position of the flaw relative to the respective magnetic field direction is determined, and a correction of the signals is carried out via a previously determined correction factor for amplitudes and/or frequencies of a perpendicular angular position.
G01N 27/82 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
G06K 9/00 - Methods or arrangements for reading or recognising printed or written characters or for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints
20.
Method for checking the driftability of metallic tubes
The invention relates to a method for testing the driftability of metal tubes, wherein a cylindrical drift body having a defined diameter and a defined length is guided through the tube with defined force for ensuring a predetermined internal diameter and a minimum straightness. Virtual drifting is hereby performed instead of the physical drift operation.
G01B 21/10 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring diameters
21.
Method for individual tracking of metallic hollow bodies
The invention relates to a method for the individual tracking of metallic hollow bodies, in particular hot-fabricated steel tubes, wherein following a final step of hot-work the individual tube is provided with a distinctive identification on the tube circumference, which is read in the feed region to the subsequent manufacturing or test stations automatically as a video image during transport and independently from the direction of transport. According to the invention, the labeling of the tube circumference is carried out in at least two segment-like sections, the tube circumference being divided, wherein the labeling is carried out in segments with a rotation of less than 360 DEG of the numbering unit and the segments comprise an axial offset relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube, which is greater than the width of the data matrix code.
G06K 7/00 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers
G06K 7/10 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensingMethods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation
G06K 9/18 - Methods or arrangements for reading or recognising printed or written characters or for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints using printed characters having additional code marks or containing code marks, e.g. the character being composed of individual strokes of different shape, each representing a different code value
G06K 19/06 - Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
G06F 19/00 - Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications (specially adapted for specific functions G06F 17/00;data processing systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes G06Q;healthcare informatics G16H)
22.
CONNECTION ARRANGEMENT OF HOLLOW STEEL SECTIONS SUBJECT TO AXIAL PRESSURE
The invention relates to a connection arrangement of hollow steel sections (3) as support elements which are interconnected using a joint connection, the connection being subject to axial pressure. According to the invention, the joint connection is designed as a detachable, form-fitting plug-in connection.
E04C 3/08 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like componentsHoneycomb girders
E04C 5/065 - Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts
F16B 7/00 - Connections of rods or tubes, e.g. of non-circular section, mutually, including resilient connections
E04C 3/04 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms of metal
23.
METHOD FOR DIFFERENTIATING AND IDENTIFYING WORKPIECES MADE OF FERROMAGNETIC MATERIAL BY MEANS OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING IN A MAGNETIC FIELD
The invention relates to a method for differentiating and identifying workpieces made of ferromagnetic material, wherein the workpiece is brought into an alternating magnetic field by means of a coil, whereby a voltage is induced in a second coil and is evaluated regarding the amplitude and phase thereof and the test result is compared with sorting limits for test parts of the same material and same heat treatment determined in a previously performed calibration process, wherein the calibration is performed using specified test parameter sets of excitation and measurement frequencies, and for each test parameter set the response signal is evaluated according to amplitude and phase and is associated with classes. In the calibration, the measurement results of all test parameter sets used are simultaneously evaluated by means of a multivariate optimization algorithm in a 2xn dimensional space (n: number of test parameter sets and n ≥ 2), and the association with a class is indicated as a separating surface between the classes by means of a n-1 dimensional hypersurface calculated from the measured values.
G01N 27/90 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
G01N 27/82 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
24.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE OPTIMIZED CIRCULATION OF RODS IN THE PRODUCTION OF A SEAMLESSLY HOT-FABRICATED STEEL PIPE ACCORDING TO THE CONTINUOUS PIPE METHOD
The invention relates to a device for the optimized circulation of mandrels, comprising a presentation and/or cooling table (1) for mandrels, a lubricating station (2) for the mandrels, in some cases an additional drying station for the lubricant applied to the mandrels, and associated roller conveyors (3, 4). A further secondary circulation of rods is arranged upstream of the standard circulation of rods and comprises two redundantly operating transfer tables (11, 12), which are connected to the presentation and/or cooling table by means of a third roller conveyor (2) or the first roller conveyor for the discharge of no longer needed rods from the standard circulation of rods, wherein the third roller conveyor either forms the continuation of the first roller conveyor or is arranged parallel thereto at an offset. Furthermore, a fourth roller conveyor (9) for accommodating mandrels or passing mandrels into the standard circulation of rods by means of an intermediate buffer in an intermittent manner is provided on the opposite side of the transfer tables parallel to the first roller conveyor.
B21B 17/04 - Tube-rolling by rollers of which the axes are arranged essentially perpendicular to the axis of the work, e.g. "axial" tube-rolling with mandrel in a continuous process
The invention relates to a method for producing hot-rolled hollow profiled elements (1) made from steel and having a rectangular or square cross-section, a substantially circular pipe blank produced seamlessly by hot rolling or cold-rolled and welded and having a defined nominal outside diameter (D) first being produced and then formed into a hollow profiled element (1) having the required cross-section at a forming temperature and the visible edges (C1 and C2) of the hollow profiled elements (1) having a value < 1.5 x t (t = wall thickness). For a specified profiled element cross-section, the pipe blank to be inserted into the profile rolling mill has a nominal outside diameter (D) that is determined from a reduction ratio of the pipe blank to be achieved and the hollow profiled element dimensions to be achieved, the reduction ratio lying in a range from -2% to -13% and being determined according to the following formula: reduction ratio R [%] = [(2 x (H + W)) - π x D] x 100 % [2 x (H + W)], D being the nominal outside diameter of the pipe blank and H5B being the edge length of the hollow profiled element (height, width).
The invention relates to a method for filtering measurement signals by way of wavelet filtering, wherein the signals are first transferred to the wavelet domain by way of a wavelet transform, are subjected to threshold analysis, and the threshold values can then be varied in the wavelet domain relative to the respective measurement situation. The measurement signals are filtered by means of a plurality of filters in segmentation levels and a statistical parameter is calculated based on an adjustable number of already calculated wavelet coefficients of a segmentation level and is then multiplied with a value that can be adjusted for all levels together to determine the threshold value of the respective segmentation level.
Device forming an operating tool, for the non-destructive testing of iron and steel products, intended to extract information on possible imperfections in the product, from feedback signals that are captured by transmitting ultrasound sensors, receiving ultrasound sensors forming an arrangement with a selected geometry, assembled to couple in an ultrasound way with the product via the intermediary of a liquid medium, with relative rotation/translation movement between the pipe and the arrangement of transducers, said operating tool being characterized in that it comprises: a converter (891; 892) capable of selectively isolating a digital representation of possible echoes in designated time windows, as a function of the relative rotation/translation movement, said representation comprising the amplitude and time of flight of at least one echo, and of generating a parallelepipedic 3D graph, a transformer unit (930) capable of generating a 3D image (901; 902) of possible imperfections in the pipe from the 3D graph and a database, a filter (921; 922) capable of determining, in the images (901; 902), presumed imperfection zones (Zcur), and the properties of each presumed imperfection, and an output stage configured to generate a product conformity or non-conformity signal.
The invention concerns steels having excellent resistance over time, in a corrosive atmosphere due to oxidizing environments such as, for example, fumes or water vapor, under high pressure and/or temperature. The invention concerns a steel composition for special applications, said composition containing, by weight, about 1.8 to 11% of chromium (and preferably between about 2.3 and 10% of chromium), less than 1% of silicon, and between 0.20 and 0.45% of manganese. It has been found that it is possible to adjust the contents of the composition based on a predetermined model, selected to obtain substantially optimal properties with respect to corrosion in specific conditions of high temperature performances. Said model can involve as additive of as residue at least one element selected among molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, and nickel.
The invention relates to a method for connecting the ends of steel tubes by means of orbital welding using a hybrid laser arc technique, said tubes preferably having wall thicknesses ≥ 6 mm and more particularly ≥ 12 mm and diameters of preferably ≥ 150 mm, the ends of which tubes are connected by one or more welding passes, wherein the laser and arc welding heads as tools are guided over a guide ring fixedly arranged around a tube end in the region of the weld site during the welding and are displaced around the tube diameter. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method, wherein the laser and the arc welding heads are positioned separately on the guide ring and are controlled and displaced over the tube circumference independently of one another during the welding process.
The invention relates to a traction rod (1) for bracing a crane jib, comprising a metallic tubular body (2) and coupling elements (3) which are connected to both ends thereof for an articulated connection of the traction rods among each other by means of bolts (5). According to the invention, the tubular body and the coupling elements consist of a one-piece tube portion, wherein the coupling elements are designed in each case as a thicker zone of the wall of the ends of the tubular body and are dimensioned in such a manner that a weakening of the cross section of the nominal wall thickness of the coupling elements, which has to be considered for calculating the load capacity of the tubular body, is prevented in the region of the bolt connection and the transition regions (7) from the respective thicker zones of the wall in the direction of the tubular body have a transition free of starting points for increasing fatigue strength.
The invention relates to a method for connecting thick-walled metal workpieces by welding. In order to create the weld joint, the cross-sections are provided with a maximum of three weld regions according to wall thickness, the welding being carried out by a combined use of welding methods: the first weld region (root) is welded by means of laser beam welding or hybrid laser-arc welding, the second weld region is welded by means of hybrid laser-arc welding, and the third weld region required occasionally depending on the thickness of the sheet metal is welded by means of hybrid laser-arc welding or simply arc welding. The invention also relates to a seam preparation corresponding to the respective welding method used.
B23K 31/02 - Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups relating to soldering or welding
The invention relates to a traction rod for bracing a crane jib, comprising a metallic tubular body and coupling elements which are connected to both ends thereof for an articulated connection of the traction rods among each other by means of bolts. According to the invention, the tubular body and the coupling element can be detachably connected to each other, dispensing the need for a bonded connection, wherein the region of the connection is dimensioned in such a manner and is low on notch effects that, by calculation, the entire load capacity of the tube cross section can be exploited with respect to a highest possible fatigue strength.
The invention relates to a method and device for optically measuring external thread profiles, particularly at the ends of pipes, wherein the thread is previously synchronously produced in a production line and is continuously measured in line from start to finish of the thread prior to further processing. The aim of the invention is to allow cost-effective inspection of the thread during synchronous production of the thread. For this purpose, the profile of the previously produced thread is illuminated and/or scanned tangentially to the pipe cross section by means of a relative movement including rotation and translation, and by an optical measuring unit comprising a camera, and the scanning speed is adjusted such that the time for scanning the thread profile, considering the required local resolution of the camera, is within the cycle time for the production of the next thread, wherein the image of the thread contour is captured by the camera and the optical signals are then evaluated and compared to target specifications.
An apparatus testing axle shafts includes i) a test bench to receive a tubular axle shaft including a wall exhibiting variable known external and internal radius profiles, ii) at least one ultrasonic probe to analyze at least one selected portion of the wall in a selected angular sector and thus acquire analysis data, iii) a controller to control the test bench to place each probe on the wall external or internal surface in at least one first site selected as a function of its profiles and a possible loading of the shaft such that it analyses the first and second selected wall portions respectively in at least one first and at least one second selected angular sector oriented in first and second opposing longitudinal or transverse directions, to thus acquire analysis data for various relative angular positions of the shaft in relation to the probe, and iv) a processor to create from these acquired analysis data maps representing the transverse or longitudinal orientations and positions of indications of echoes within the wall.
G01N 29/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic wavesVisualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
The invention relates to a method for producing seamless tubes from metal, particularly from steel, wherein a previously produced hot hollow block is stretched by means of a three-roll bar rolling mill on a mandrel to form a parent tube and, before running into the bar rolling mill, the hollow block is provided with a rolling step that makes the diameter more uniform by means of an upstream stand. It is in this case provided that the rolls of the upstream stand are moved apart and together to the same extent as the deforming stands of the bar rolling mill, wherein the calibrating base radius of the rolls of the upstream stand extends over 60° and this is followed by a flank radius with a tangential transition which is dimensioned such that even with the maximum adjustment of the rolls in the region of the flank there is virtually no diameter reduction of the largest hollow block diameter to be expected.
The invention relates to a method for testing the driftability of metal tubes, wherein a cylindrical drift body having a defined diameter, defined length, and defined force is fed through the tube for ensuring a prescribed internal diameter and a minimum straightness. In place of the physical drift operation, a virtual drift is thereby performed.
G01B 21/14 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring diameters internal diameters
G01B 21/20 - Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile
The invention relates to a method for the automated measurement of the residual magnetic field strength of magnetized ferromagnetic workpieces, especially steel tubes, the residual magnetic field exiting the face of the tube end being measured by means of a measuring probe. Instead of directly measuring the residual field strength on the face, the curve of at least one magnetic field component is measured on the outer surface of the tube at least in the region of the tube ends and beyond the tube ends and the residual field strength on the face is inferred on the basis of the previously determined correlations between the residual field strength measured on the face and on the tube surface.
G01N 27/87 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields using probes
B21B 38/00 - Methods or devices for measuring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product
38.
STEEL ALLOY FOR FERRITIC STEEL HAVING EXCELLENT CREEP STRENGTH AND OXIDATION RESISTANCE AT ELEVATED USAGE TEMPERATURES
The invention relates to a steel alloy for steel that is ferritic at the usage temperature, having excellent creep strength and corrosion resistance, particularly at usage temperatures ≤ 750ºC, having the following chemical composition (in wt. %): C ≤ 1.0%; Si ≤ 1.0%; Mn ≤ 1.0%; P max. 0.05%; S max. 0.01%; 2 ≤ Al ≤ 12%; 3 ≤ Cr < 16%; 2 ≤ Ni ≤ 10% and/or 2 ≤ CO ≤ 10%, where 2 ≤ NI+Co ≤ [%Cr] + 2,07x[%Al] >= 0.95x([%Ni] + [%Co]); N max. 0.0200%; the remainder being iron with steel production-related impurities, with the optional addition of one or more elements of V, Ti, Ta, Zr and Nb; with the optional addition of one or both elements of Mo and W; with the optional addition of one or more elements of Hf, B, Se, Y, Te, Sb, La and Zr in the range of a cumulative content of < 0.1%, with the proviso that the steel structure comprises uniformly distributed coherent precipitations based on a chromium-stabilized (Ni, Co)Al-B2 intermetallic order phase.
The invention relates to a method for the individual tracking of metallic hollow bodies, in particular hot-fabricated steel tubes, wherein following a final step of hot-work the individual tube is provided with a distinctive identification on the tube circumference, which is read in the feed region to the subsequent manufacturing or test stations automatically as a video image during transport and independently from the direction of transport. According to the invention, the labeling of the tube circumference is carried out in at least two segment-like sections, the tube circumference being divided, wherein the labeling is carried out in segments with a rotation of less than 360° of the numbering unit and the segments comprise an axial offset relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube, which is greater than the width of the data matrix code.
G06K 1/12 - Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching
G06K 19/06 - Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
40.
Non-destructive testing, in particular for pipes during manufacture or in the finished state
A non-destructive testing device for pipes is provided. The device extracts information on defects from signals captured by ultrasound receivers following the selective excitation of ultrasound transmitters according to a selected time rule. The receivers form an arrangement with a selected geometry, coupled in an ultrasound fashion, with relative rotation/translation movement, with the pipe. The device includes a converter that selectively isolates a digital representation of echoes in designated time windows, as a function of the movement, and by extracting an image of defects, a filter which determines presumed defect zones and properties of these, a combiner to prepare working digital inputs from an extract of images of a defect zone, a neural circuit receiving the working inputs, a digital decision and alarm stage working on the basis of the output of the neural circuit, and a sorting and marking robot.
The invention relates to a method for the nondestructive testing of pipes made of ferromagnetic steel for flaws by means of leakage flux, wherein the pipe is magnetized by a constant field and the flaws present in the near-surface region of the outer or inner surface of the pipe cause magnetic leakage flux, which exits the pipe surface and is detected by probes of a test unit each for longitudinal and/or transversal flaw testing, wherein the association of the detected amplitude signals is performed on the basis of the amplitude height and/or the frequency spectrum with respect to an outer or inner flaw by external or internal flaw thresholds. To this end, prior to associating the detected amplitude signals with an external or internal flaw, the angular position of the flaw relative to the respective magnetic field direction is determined, and a correction of the signals is carried out by way of a previously determined corrective factor for amplitudes and/or frequencies.
G01N 27/87 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields using probes
42.
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING, IN PARTICULAR FOR TUBES DURING MANUFACTURE OR IN THE FINISHED STATE
Device forming an exploitation assistance tool, for the non-destructive testing of steel products, intended to gather information about possible product imperfections from return signals picked up by ultrasonic transmitter sensors, from ultrasonic receiver sensors forming an arrangement of chosen geometry, mounted with ultrasonic coupling with the product via a liquid medium, with relative rotation/translation movement between the tube and the transducer arrangement, said exploitation tool being characterized in that it comprises: a converter (891; 892) capable of selectively isolating a digital representation of possible echoes in designated time windows, depending on the relative rotation/translation movement, said representation comprising the amplitude and the time of flight of at least one echo, and of generating a parallelepipedal 3D graph, a conversion unit (930) capable of generating a 3D image (901; 902) of possible imperfections in the tube from the 3D graph and from a database, a filter (921; 922), capable of determining, from the images (901; 902), presumed imperfection zones (Zcur), as well as properties of each presumed imperfection, and an output stage configured so as to generate a signal indicating conformity or non-conformity of a product.
G01N 29/28 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic wavesVisualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object Details providing acoustic coupling
G01N 29/44 - Processing the detected response signal
G01N 29/06 - Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
G01N 29/38 - Detecting the response signal by time filtering, e.g. using time gates
43.
HIGH-STRENGTH, LOW-ALLOY STEEL FOR SEAMLESS PIPES WITH OUTSTANDING WELDABILITY AND CORROSION RESISTANCE
1. A high-strength steel and a high-strength, weldable steel pipe. 2.1. The invention relates to a high-strength steel and to a high-strength, weldable steel pipe. 2.2. The high-strength, low-alloy steel for seamless steel pipes with outstanding weldability and resistance to stress corrosion cracking with a minimum yield strength of 620 MPa and a tensile strength of at least 690 MPa is characterized by the composition indicated in claim 1.
The invention relates to a steel alloy for a low alloy steel for producing high-tensile, weldable, hot-rolled seamless steel tubing, in particular construction tubing. The chemical composition (in % by mass) is: 0.15 - 0.18 % C; 0.20 - 0.40 % Si; 1.40 - 1.60 % Mn; max. 0.05 % P; max. 0.01 % S; >0.50 - 0.90 % Cr; > 0.50 - 0.80 % Mo; >0.10 - 0.15 % V; 0.60 - 1.00 % W; 0.0130 - 0.0220 % N; the remainder is made up of iron with production-related impurities; with the optional addition of one or more elements selected from Al, Ni, Nb, Ti, with the proviso that the relationship V/N has a value of between 4 and 12 and the Ni content of the steel is not more than 0.40 %.
The invention relates to an apparatus for making a seamless hollow body (10) from a solid round block (7) of steel with a diameter <95% of the diameter of the solid round block by means of a two-roll cross-rolling mill with a piercing mandrel (3) held between the inclined roll (1) and including a piercer (5) and at least one smoothing part (4) using pass-closing guides, or by means of a three-roll cross rolling mill with a piercing mandrel held between the inclined rolls and including a piercer and at least one smoothing part, wherein the distance of the rolls is adjusted in a particular manner at the narrowest cross-section (2) in relation to the diameter of the used round block, and the position of the piercing mandrel is adjusted in relation to the narrowest cross-section of the rollers.
The invention relates to a method for measuring the eccentricity of a hot-fabricated seamless steel tube during production, in which the tube is produced in the form of a hollow block tube from a solid block or from a hollow block tube which has already been produced, wherein the solid block or the hollow block tube is heated above the Curie temperature and is rolled using an internal tool, and the internal tool has a temperature below the Curie temperature during rolling, and the block or the hollow block tube is transported through the rolling mill or via the axially stationary internal tool. Immediately after emerging from the rolling mill, magnetic fields are induced both in the tube and in the internal tool using eddy current excitation, wherein the eddy current signals which differ as a function of the temperature are detected and evaluated and are used to continuously determine the eccentricity of the internal tool relative to the tube.
G01B 7/312 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring angles or tapersMeasuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes for measuring eccentricity, i.e. lateral shift between two parallel axes
B21B 19/04 - Rolling basic material of solid, i.e. non-hollow, structurePiercing
47.
METHOD FOR THE COMPLETE DETECTION OF THE GEOMETRY OF TEST OBJECTS BY MEANS OF ULTRASOUND
The invention relates to a method for the complete detection of the geometry, particularly the diameter of test objects, such as round bar steel or pipes, by means of ultrasound, wherein the lateral surface of the test object is completely scanned using at least one test head while maintaining a distance, applying water, and performing a relative motion between the test head and the test object, and wherein the diameter, and for pipes the outside diameter, and additionally the wall thickness and the inside diameter are determined for precise locations, while taking the water standoff into consideration. The complete scanning of the test object occurs via a measurement of the water standoff by means of vertical ultrasonic radiation, from which a reference diameter is calculated, and via at least one additional precise optical measurement of the diameter on at least one identical location of the test object measured, or to be measured, by means of ultrasound, a calibration or recalibration of the measurement values for the reference diameter of the ultrasound test occurs, and from this an exact diameter of each location of the test object is calculated.
2.1.The invention relates to a process for the destruction-free testing of metallic pipes, in particular seamlessly produced steel pipes, in which method the entire length of the pipe is scanned following the circumference precisely and in this case, in addition to the wall thickness (WD) and the external diameter (Da) being determined, the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe are examined for faults, the faults determined in this process are compared with a predefined permissible reference fault depth RFT (RFT = fault threshold of x % of the nominal wall thickness), the pipes are sent to reworking means if the fault threshold is exceeded, and a requisite minimum wall thickness (WD min) has to be present in the reworked region after the processing has been carried out. 2.2. For this purpose, the invention provides for the pipes containing faults to be released for reworking only when the determined geometrical parameters have been correlated with one another beforehand in an evaluation step, and the following conditions are met: WD - RFT > WD min for faults on the inner and outer sides of the pipe and Da - RFT > Da min for faults on the outer side of the pipe.
The invention relates to a method for the production of hot-finished, particularly hot-rolled, seamless pipes having optimized fatigue properties in the welded state, having an outside diameter of up to 711 mm and a nominal wall thickness of up to 100 mm, made of metal, in particular steel. After hot or finish rolling, a defined pipe cross-section is produced on at least one pipe end across a predetermined length, having tight tolerances for inside and outside diameters, wherein the cross-section can then be welded to the pipe end of another pipe. According to the invention, in a region a wall thickness is created in a first step at the pipe end in question, the thickness being bigger than on the remaining pipe body, wherein the outside diameter is increased and/or the inside diameter is reduced. In a second step, the required pipe cross-section is produced in said region by mechanical machining, and the transition from the machined to the unmachined region of the pipe is produced with low surface roughness and almost notch-free, and the residual wall thickness remaining in the machining region is within the required tolerances.
The invention relates to an axle pin inspection apparatus consisting of: (i) an inspection bench (BC) for receiving a tubular axle pin (AE) including a wall (PA) having known variable outside and inside radius profiles; (ii) at least one ultrasound probe (SU) for analysing at least one selected portion of the wall (PA) in a selected angular sector and, thereby, acquiring analysis data; (iii) inspection means (MC) for controlling the inspection bench (BC) in order to position each probe (SU) on the outer surface (SE) or the inner surface (SI) of the wall (PA) at at least a first location selected as a function of the profiles thereof and optionally the loading of the pin (AE), so that the probe analyses the first and second selected portions of the wall (PA) respectively in at least a first and at least a second selected angular sector oriented along first and second opposing longitudinal or transverse directions, and so that the probe acquires analysis data for different relative angular positions of the pin in relation to the probe; and (iv) processing means (MT) for producing charts on the basis of said analysis data, which charts are represent the transverse or longitudinal orientations and the echo indication positions inside the wall (PA).
G01N 29/06 - Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
G01N 29/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic wavesVisualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object Details
G01N 29/26 - Arrangements for orientation or scanning
G01N 29/265 - Arrangements for orientation or scanning by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
G01N 29/27 - Arrangements for orientation or scanning by moving the material relative to a stationary sensor
51.
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUAL NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION OF TUBULAR AXLE PINS HAVING VARIABLE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE RADIUS PROFILES
The invention relates to an axle pin inspection apparatus consisting of: (i) at least one ultrasound probe (SU) for analysing selected portions of a wall (PA) (having known variable outside and inside radius profiles) of a tubular axle pin (AE) in a selected angular sector and, thereby, acquiring analysis data; (ii) inspection means (MC) for determining at least a first and at least a second selected location at which each probe (SU) is to be positioned manually on the outer surface (SE) or inner surface (SI) of the wall (PA), as a function of the profiles and optionally the loading and environment of the pin, so that the probe analyses at least a first and at least a second selected portion of the wall (PA) respectively in at least a first and at least a second selected angular sector oriented along first and second opposing longitudinal or transverse directions and so that the probe acquires analysis data for different relative angular positions of the pin in relation to the probe; and (iii) processing means (MT) for producing charts on the basis of said analysis data, which charts represent the transverse or longitudinal orientations and the echo indication positions inside the wall (PA).
G01N 29/06 - Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
G01N 29/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic wavesVisualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object Details
G01N 29/26 - Arrangements for orientation or scanning
G01N 29/265 - Arrangements for orientation or scanning by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
G01N 29/27 - Arrangements for orientation or scanning by moving the material relative to a stationary sensor
52.
FORGING MANDREL FOR HOT-FORGING TUBULAR WORKPIECES OF METAL
The invention relates to a forging mandrel for hot-forging tubular workpieces of metal, said mandrel comprising a mandrel body and a mandrel bar, in which forging mandrel the mandrel body is composed of a heat-resistant material. The forging mandrel according to the invention is embodied here in such a way that the mandrel body is provided, at least in the operating region, with a layer which reduces the dissipation of heat into the mandrel body during the forging process and adheres firmly to the mandrel body, wherein the layer has a lower thermal conductivity than the material of the mandrel body and has a thickness of at least 50 μm.
The invention relates to a method for connecting thick-walled metal workpieces by welding. In order to create the weld joint, the cross-sections are provided with a maximum of three weld regions according to wall thickness, the welding being carried out by a combined use of welding methods: the first weld region (root) is welded by means of laser beam welding or hybrid laser-arc welding, the second weld region is welded by means of hybrid laser-arc welding, and the third weld region required occasionally depending on the thickness of the sheet metal is welded by means of hybrid laser-arc welding or simply arc welding. The invention also relates to a seam preparation corresponding to the respective welding method used.
B23K 26/14 - Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beamNozzles therefor
The invention relates to a method and device for optically measuring external thread profiles, particularly at the ends of pipes, wherein the thread is previously synchronously produced in a production line and is continuously measured in line from start to finish of the thread prior to further processing. The aim of the invention is to allow cost-effective inspection of the thread during synchronous production of the thread. For this purpose, the profile of the previously produced thread is illuminated and/or scanned tangentially to the pipe cross section by means of a relative movement including rotation and translation, and by an optical measuring unit comprising a camera, and the scanning speed is adjusted such that the time for scanning the thread profile, considering the required local resolution of the camera, is within the cycle time for the production of the next thread, wherein the image of the thread contour is captured by the camera and the optical signals are then evaluated and compared to target specifications.
A method for nondestructive testing of the pipes for detecting surface flaws using magnetic leakage flux is disclosed. With of the method, flaws can be detected and analyzed in near-real-time while the pipe is produced. The data obtained with inductive coils, Hall sensors or GMR sensors are digitized, the digital data are buffered in a first memory, and a subset of the digital data are copied into a second memory. The copied data are transformed with a wavelet transformation and the resulting wavelet coefficients are filtered and/or modified. In an alternative embodiment, the digital data can be continuously supplied to a routine for wavelet transformation, which is performed using cascaded digital signal processing routines. The evaluated variable is compared with a reference value, wherein a determined flaw-based signal can be unambiguously associated with the position of the flaw.
G01B 5/28 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
G01N 27/82 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
56.
Method for nondestructive testing of pipes for surface flaws
A method for nondestructive testing of the pipes for detecting surface flaws is disclosed. With of the method, flaws can be detected and analyzed in near-real-time while the pipe is produced. The data obtained by ultrasound sensors are digitized in a time window following a trigger pulse, and the digitized data are processed in a digital processor, for example a DSP, using wavelet transforms. The evaluated quantity is compared with a reference value, wherein a determined flaw-based signal can be uniquely associated with the flaw located on the pipe surface.
G01N 29/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic wavesVisualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
57.
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING BY ULTRASOUND OF FOUNDRY PRODUCTS
Non-destructive testing device for tubes. It collects information from the imperfections of signals captured by ultrasonic receivers following the selective excitation of ultrasonic emitters according to a selected time law. The receivers form a selected geometrical layout, ultrasonically coupled by a relative rotation/translation movement with the tube. The device comprises a converter (891; 892) selectively isolating a numerical representation of echoes in designated time windows, according to the movement, and by creating an image (901; 902) of the imperfections, a filter (921; 922) that determines the presumed imperfection zones (Zcur) and their properties, a combiner (960) that prepares the digital work inputs from an extract (951; 952) of the images of an zone of imperfection, the properties of the latter taken from the filter, and context data (740), a neuronal circuit (970) that receives the work inputs, a digital decision and alarm stage (992) operating based on the neuronal circuit output, and an automated sorting and marking device (994) for the tubes considered to be non compliant by the decision and alarm stage.
G01N 29/22 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic wavesVisualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object Details
G01N 29/26 - Arrangements for orientation or scanning
G01N 29/265 - Arrangements for orientation or scanning by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
G01N 29/44 - Processing the detected response signal
The invention concerns steels having excellent resistance over time, in a corrosive atmosphere due to oxidizing environments such as, for example, fumes or water vapour, under high pressure and/or temperature. The invention concerns a steel composition for special applications, said composition containing, by weight, about 1.8 to 11% of chromium (and preferably between about 2.3 and 10% of chromium), less than 1% of silicon, and between 0.20 and 0.45% of manganese. It has been found that it is possible to adjust the contents of the composition based on a predetermined model, selected to obtain substantially optimal properties with respect to corrosion in specific conditions of high temperature performances. Said model can involve as additive of as residue at least one element selected among molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, and nickel.
The aim of the present invention is to provide a support system for spans, preferably above 20 m, which can be flexibly adapted to different spans and requires only little effort of planning and production. Said aim is achieved by a support system that comprises several standard modules which are prefabricated, configured in a modular and standardized manner, interconnected and can be subjected to different loads. Two standard modules are embodied as support elements (1) of a framework structure with chords (5) and diagonals (6) consisting of hollow profiled elements of constant length, one standard module forming a central piece element (2, 2', 2'') made of a gridless, length-variable base module having a frame-type structure with chords (3, 3', 3'') and posts (4) of hollow profiled elements, each comprising the same components for different spans in order to adjust the required length of the central piece element (2, 2', 2'').
E04C 3/08 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like componentsHoneycomb girders
E04B 7/02 - RoofsRoof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
60.
METHOD FOR ERROR-FREE CHECKING OF TUBES FOR SURFACE FAULTS
The invention relates to near-real-time recording and analysis of data relating to surface faults. The following steps are used: transmission of the signals to a pre-amplifier, conversion of the analogue signals to a continuous data stream of digital data, buffering the data stream in a first memory (A), filing the first memory (A) with k data points, copying the k data points of the first memory (A) to a second memory (B) in a short time between two digital data points with simultaneous refilling of the first memory (A) with new data, transformation of the copied data by means of wavelet transformation and filtering or modification of the resulting wavelet coefficients, comparison of the measured parameters with a reference parameter, whereby a determined fault signal can be unambiguously allocated to the position of the fault.
G01N 27/87 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields using probes
61.
METHOD FOR ERROR-FREE CHECKING OF TUBES FOR SURFACE FAULTS
According to the invention, a near-real-time recording and analysis of data is possible by means of the following steps: generation of a continuous analogue signal, containing the back wall echoes, generation of a trigger signal in addition to the US-signals, conversion of the analogue signal into a digital signal curve in a time window t1 to t2 with k data points with an adjustable time t1 after a trigger pulse, the time t1 being set such that the signal reflected from the other surface side with the anticipated error signal lies within the time interval [t1 to t2], direct supply of the signal curve to a digital computer unit to carry out the wavelet transformation, optional digital transmission and analysis of the filtered signals on a superior data processing system or analysis of the filtered signals on the digital computer unit, comparison of the determined parameter with a reference parameter, whereupon a determined error signal can be unambiguously assigned to the error on the tube surface.
The invention relates to a device for the production of a seamless hollow body (10) from a solid round block (7) of steel with a diameter ឬ 95 % of the diameter of the solid round block by means of a twin-roller cross-rolling mill on a mandrel plug (3) held between the cross rollers (1), comprising a piercing piece (5) and at least one finishing piece (4) using pass-closing guides or with a three roller cross rolling mill on a mandrel plug held between the cross rollers, comprising a piercing piece and at least one finishing piece, whereby the separation of the rollers is adjusted in a particular manner at the narrowest cross-section in relation to the diameter (2) of the round block employed and the position of the piercing mandrel in relation to the narrowest cross-section of the rollers.
