01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
chemicals being niobium oxides, hydrated niobium oxides, and water-soluble niobium compound for industrial use for the manufacture of batteries and battery electrodes Electric batteries
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
chemicals being niobium oxides, hydrated niobium oxides, and water-soluble niobium compound for industrial use for the manufacture of batteries and battery electrodes Electric batteries
Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineracão (Brazil)
Inventor
Sernik, Kleber A.
De Faria Sousa, Clovis Antonio
Ayroza Galvão Ribeiro, Eduardo Augusto
Abstract
Refined niobium-based ferroalloys are provided by removing lead and other impurities therefrom by a process comprising charging niobium ore concentrate and/or niobium oxide or a mixture of niobium oxides to a metallothermic reaction chamber, admixing the ore concentrate and/or niobium oxide with a reducing agent, initiating a metallothermic reaction, under reduced pressure; and allowing the reaction product to solidify and cool; crushing the reaction product or crushing the niobium-based ferroalloy previously reduced in open air, and charging the crushed product to a melting crucible within a vacuum induction melting furnace, lowering the pressure within the furnace to below 1 mbar, and melting the crushed product while vaporizing the impurities contained therein.
Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineracão (Brazil)
Inventor
Sernik, Kleber A.
Vieira, Alaércio Salvador Martins
Rios, Adriano Porfirio
Fridman, Daniel Pallos
Abstract
Processes for producing low-nitrogen metallic chromium or chromium-containing alloys, which prevent the nitrogen in the surrounding atmosphere from being carried into the melt and being absorbed by the metallic chromium or chromium-containing alloy during the metallothermic reaction, include vacuum-degassing a thermite mixture comprising metal compounds and metallic reducing powders contained within a vacuum vessel, igniting the thermite mixture to effect reduction of the metal compounds within the vessel under reduced pressure i.e., below 1 bar, and conducting the entire reduction reaction in said vessel under reduced pressure, including solidification and cooling, to produce a final product with a nitrogen content below 10 ppm. The final products obtained, in addition to low-nitrogen metallic chromium in combination with other elements, can be used as raw materials in the manufacture of superalloys, stainless steel and other specialty steels whose final content of nitrogen is below 10 ppm.
COMPANHIA BRASILEIRA DE METALURGIA E MINERAÇÃO (Brazil)
Inventor
Sernik, Kleber, A.
Sousa, Clovis, Antonio De Faria
Ribeiro, Eduardo, Augusto Ayroza Galvão
Abstract
Refined niobium-based ferroalloys are provided by removing lead and other impurities therefrom by a process comprising charging niobium ore concentrate and/or niobium oxide or a mixture of niobium oxides to a metallothermic reaction chamber, admixing the ore concentrate and/or niobium oxide with a reducing agent, initiating a metallothermic reaction, under reduced pressure; and allowing the reaction product to solidify and cool; crushing the reaction product or crushing the niobium-based ferroalloy previously reduced in open air, and charging the crushed product to a melting crucible within a vacuum induction melting furnace, lowering the pressure within the furnace to below 1 mbar, and melting the crushed product while vaporizing the impurities contained therein.
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Providing educational information about the application of chemicals to surfaces or buildings Providing information on energy production Arranging and conducting educational academies in the nature of educational workshops about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; arranging and conducting colloquiums about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; arranging and conducting educational conferences about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; arranging and conducting educational congresses about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; arranging and conducting seminars about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; arranging and conducting symposiums about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; arranging and conducting of educational workshops about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; publishing of books; arranging and conducting educational competitions about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; video tape editing; film production, other than advertising films; videotape production; vocational guidance; layout services other than for advertising purposes; news reporters services; organization of exhibitions for cultural or educational purposes; online electronic publishing of books and periodicals; publication of texts, books, journals; practical training about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; providing educational information in the academic field of chemistry for the purpose of academic study Engineering services, namely, providing educational information about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of structural engineering and mobility engineering
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Providing educational information about the application of chemicals to surfaces or buildings Providing information on energy production Arranging and conducting educational academies in the nature of educational workshops about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; arranging and conducting colloquiums about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; arranging and conducting educational conferences about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; arranging and conducting educational congresses about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; arranging and conducting seminars about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; arranging and conducting symposiums about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; arranging and conducting of educational workshops about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; publishing of books; arranging and conducting educational competitions about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; video tape editing; film production, other than advertising films; videotape production; vocational guidance; layout services other than for advertising purposes; news reporters services; organization of exhibitions for cultural or educational purposes; online electronic publishing of books and periodicals; publication of texts, books, journals; practical training about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of energy production, structural engineering and mobility as well as the commercial applications of such elements, products and compounds; providing educational information in the academic field of chemistry for the purpose of academic study Engineering services, namely, providing educational information about the uses of chemical elements, products and compounds in the fields of structural engineering and mobility engineering
41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
Goods & Services
Academies [education]; arranging and conducting of colloquiums; arranging and conducting of conferences; arranging and conducting of congresses; arranging and conducting of seminars; arranging and conducting of symposiums; arranging and conducting of workshops [training]; publication of books; organization of competitions [education or entertainment]; videotape editing; education information; film production, other than advertising films; vocational guidance [education or training advice]; layout services, other than for advertising purposes; news reporters services; organization of exhibitions for cultural or educational purposes; videotape film production; providing on-line electronic publications, not downloadable; publication of electronic books and journals online; publication of texts, other than publicity texts; writing of texts, other than publicity texts; practical training [demonstration].
41 - Education, entertainment, sporting and cultural services
Goods & Services
Academies [education]; arranging and conducting of colloquiums; arranging and conducting of conferences; arranging and conducting of congresses; arranging and conducting of seminars; arranging and conducting of symposiums; arranging and conducting of workshops [training]; publication of books; organization of competitions [education or entertainment]; videotape editing; education information; film production, other than advertising films; vocational guidance [education or training advice]; layout services, other than for advertising purposes; news reporters services; organization of exhibitions for cultural or educational purposes; videotape film production; providing on-line electronic publications, not downloadable; publication of electronic books and journals online; publication of texts, other than publicity texts; writing of texts, other than publicity texts; practical training [demonstration].
12.
Processes for producing low nitrogen essentially nitride-free chromium and chromium plus niobium-containing nickel-based alloys and the resulting chromium and nickel-based alloys
COMPANHIA BRASILEIRA DE METALURGIA E MINERAÇÃO (Brazil)
Inventor
Sernik, Kleber A.
Abstract
Processes for producing low nitrogen, essentially nitride-free chromium or chromium plus niobium-containing nickel-based alloys include charging elements or compounds which do not dissolve appreciable amounts of nitrogen in the molten state to a refractory crucible within a vacuum induction furnace, melting said elements or compounds therein under reduced pressure, and effecting heterogeneous carbon-based bubble nucleation in a controlled manner. The processes also include, upon cessation of bubble formation, adding low nitrogen chromium or a low nitrogen chromium-containing master alloy with a nitrogen content of below 10 ppm to the melt, melting and distributing said added chromium or chromium-containing master alloy throughout the melt, bringing the resulting combined melt to a temperature and surrounding pressure to permit tapping, and tapping the resulting melt, directly or indirectly, to a metallic mold and allowing the melt to solidify and cool under reduced pressure.
C22F 1/10 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
C22C 19/05 - Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
C22F 1/11 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of chromium or alloys based thereon
C22C 19/03 - Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
COMPANHIA BRASILEIRA DE METALURGIA E MINERAÇÃO (Brazil)
Inventor
Sernik, Kleber, A.
Vieira, Alaércio Salvador Martins
Rios, Adriano, Porfirio
Fridman, Daniel, Pallos
Abstract
Processes for producing low-nitrogen metallic chromium or chromium-containing alloys, which prevent the nitrogen in the surrounding atmosphere from being carried into the melt and being absorbed by the metallic chromium or chromium-containing alloy during the metallothermic reaction, include vacuum-degassing a thermite mixture comprising metal compounds and metallic reducing powders contained within a vacuum vessel, igniting the thermite mixture to effect reduction of the metal compounds within the vessel under reduced pressure i.e., below 1 bar, and conducting the entire reduction reaction in said vessel under reduced pressure, including solidification and cooling, to produce a final product with a nitrogen content below 10 ppm. The final products obtained, in addition to low-nitrogen metallic chromium in combination with other elements, can be used as raw materials in the manufacture of superalloys, stainless steel and other specialty steels whose final content of nitrogen is below 10 ppm.
C22C 19/05 - Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
14.
PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING LOW NITROGEN, ESSENTIALLY NITRIDE-FREE CHROMUIM AND CHROMIUM PLUS NIOBIUM-CONTAINING NICKEL-BASED ALLOYS AND THE RESULTING CHROMIUM AND NICKEL-BASED ALLOYS
COMPANHIA BRASILEIRA DE METALURGIA E MINERAÇÃO (Brazil)
Inventor
Sernik, Kleber, A.
Abstract
Processes for producing low nitrogen, essentially nitride-free chromium or chromium plus niobium-containing nickel-based alloys include charging elements or compounds which do not dissolve appreciable amounts of nitrogen in the molten state to a refractory crucible within a vacuum induction furnace, melting said elements or compounds therein under reduced pressure, and effecting heterogeneous carbon-based bubble nucleation in a controlled manner. The processes also include, upon cessation of bubble formation, adding low nitrogen chromium or a low nitrogen chromium-containing master alloy with a nitrogen content of below 10 ppm to the melt, melting and distributing said added chromium or chromium-containing master alloy throughout the melt, bringing the resulting combined melt to a temperature and surrounding pressure to permit tapping, and tapping the resulting melt, directly or indirectly, to a metallic mold and allowing the melt to solidify and cool under reduced pressure.
Processes for producing low nitrogen essentially nitride-free chromium and chromium plus niobium-containing nickel-based alloys and the resulting chromium and nickel-based alloys
Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração (Brazil)
Inventor
Sernik, Kleber A.
Abstract
Processes for producing low nitrogen, essentially nitride-free chromium or chromium plus niobium-containing nickel-based alloys include charging elements or compounds which do not dissolve appreciable amounts of nitrogen in the molten state to a refractory crucible within a vacuum induction furnace, melting said elements or compounds therein under reduced pressure, and effecting heterogeneous carbon-based bubble nucleation in a controlled manner. The processes also include, upon cessation of bubble formation, adding low nitrogen chromium or a low nitrogen chromium-containing master alloy with a nitrogen content of below 10 ppm to the melt, melting and distributing said added chromium or chromium-containing master alloy throughout the melt, bringing the resulting combined melt to a temperature and surrounding pressure to permit tapping, and tapping the resulting melt, directly or indirectly, to a metallic mold and allowing the melt to solidify and cool under reduced pressure.
C22C 19/05 - Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
C22F 1/10 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
C22F 1/11 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of chromium or alloys based thereon
Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineraçäo (Brazil)
Inventor
Sernik, Kleber A.
Vieria, Alaercio Salvador Martins
Rios, Adriano Porfirio
Fridman, Daniel Pallos
Abstract
Processes for producing low-nitrogen metallic chromium or chromium-containing alloys, which prevent the nitrogen in the surrounding atmosphere from being carried into the melt and being absorbed by the metallic chromium or chromium-containing alloy during the metallothermic reaction, include vacuum-degassing a thermite mixture comprising metal compounds and metallic reducing powders contained within a vacuum vessel, igniting the thermite mixture to effect reduction of the metal compounds within the vessel under reduced pressure i.e., below 1 bar, and conducting the entire reduction reaction in said vessel under reduced pressure, including solidification and cooling, to produce a final product with a nitrogen content below 10 ppm. The final products obtained, in addition to low-nitrogen metallic chromium in combination with other elements, can be used as raw materials in the manufacture of superalloys, stainless steel and other specialty steels whose final content of nitrogen is below 10 ppm.
COMPANHIA BRASILEIRA DE METALURGIA E MINERAÇÃO (Brazil)
Inventor
Subramanian, Sundaresa, Venkata
Abstract
A process for controlling austenite grain size in austenite processing through nano-scale precipitate engineering of TiN-NbC composites to produce thicker gage product of niobium microalloyed steel includes controlling the base chemical composition of a steel product to include 0.003-0.004 wt. percent nitrogen, 0.012-0.015 wt. percent titanium, 0.03-0.07 wt. percent carbon, and 0.07-0.15 wt. percent nobium; lowering the temperature of roughening to end the roughening operation in the temperature range of from about 980°C to 1030 °C; retaining greater than about 0.03 wt. percent niobium in solution in the matrix by rapid cooling of the product to enter the finish rolling operation below the temperature of no recrystallization, with an austenite grain size of about 30 microns; and applying reduced rolling reduction in the finish rolling operation.
