A heating device for heating an airflow in a motor vehicle is described, with a plurality of heating rods, which have connection plates made of aluminium, or an aluminium-based alloy, and a circuit board, which carries a control circuit, to which the heating rods are connected by way of busbars. In accordance with this disclosure, provision is made for the busbars to have a body made of aluminium, or an aluminium-based alloy, which establishes contact with the heating rods by means of a welded connection, and an end piece made of copper, or a copper-based alloy, which establishes contact with the circuit board by means of a plug-in connector.
Disclosed is a flow heater for automobiles. The flow heater has a metal housing surrounding a housing interior and a flow channel configured for liquid to be heated is disposed in the housing interior and extends from a liquid inlet to a liquid outlet. A heating resistor is arranged in the housing interior and is configured to heat liquid flowing from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet. A wall separates the flow channel from a dry part of the housing interior, and control electronics are arranged in the dry part of the housing interior. A metal housing cover is provided that has a peripheral groove into which the metal housing engages. The peripheral groove contains adhesive that bonds the housing cover to the metal housing.
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
A flow heater for vehicles is described. The flow heater has a housing, which has an inlet and an outlet. A flow channel for fluid to be heated is disposed in the housing and leads from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet. A heating plate forms a wall of a heated section of the flow channel and carries an electric heating resistor. A calorimetric flow sensor is provided for measuring a fluid flow in the flow channel.
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
H05B 3/12 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
G01F 1/69 - Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element of resistive type
Disclosed is a flow heater with a housing having an inlet and an outlet. A flow passage for liquid that is to be heated runs from the inlet to the outlet. A heating plate is arranged as wall of a heated section of the flow passage. A bypass passage is provided in parallel to the heated section of the flow passage in order to guide any gas bubbles contained in the liquid from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet without passing through the heated section of the flow passage.
C02F 1/20 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
A flow heater is described that has a housing in which a flow channel extends from a liquid inlet to a liquid outlet. The heater has a metal plate along which the flow channel runs, and the metal plate carries a heating resistor. Provision is made for the metal plate to carry a corrugated sheet that protrudes into the flow channel and has openings through which the liquid that is to be heated can pass.
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
F28F 1/42 - Tubular elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
6.
Automotive component with flange and mounting screw
An automotive component is described, comprising a flange, which has a through hole, and a screw, which is inserted in the through hole. According to this disclosure, at least three clamping ribs are provided, extending in an axial direction, in the through hole.
Disclosed is a flow heater with a housing having an inlet opening and an outlet opening, a heating plate delimiting a flow path for fluid to be heated to flow from the inlet opening to the outlet opening, and a flow guidance plate that is arranged inside the housing, the flow guidance plate extending along the heating plate at a distance from it thereby delimiting the flow path.
F24H 1/00 - Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
F24H 9/00 - FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL - Details
Described is a liquid heater having a housing, in which a flow channel runs from an inlet to an outlet, a heating resistor arranged within the housing for heating liquid flowing through the flow channel, control electronics which are arranged in an interior space of the housing, the interior space being sealed off from the flow channel, and a plug connector attached to the housing. Provided according to this disclosure, the plug connector has a vent duct which is closed by a membrane and which leads to the interior space sealed against the ingress of liquid, in which interior space the control electronics are arranged.
F24H 9/20 - Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
A continuous-flow heater is described, with a housing made from an aluminium-based alloy, in which a flow channel for a fluid to be heated extends from an inlet to an outlet, and a heating plate which is arranged in the housing, with a substrate made from steel, which carries heating conductor tracks, a frame embedded in a wall of the housing, wherein the heating plate forms one wall of the flow channel in the housing, and is welded to the frame.
F24H 1/14 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form
B22D 19/00 - Casting in, on, or around, objects which form part of the product
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
10.
HEATING PLATE AND FLOW HEATER HAVING HEATING PLATE
Described is a heating plate having a substrate made of metal, a heating layer and an insulation layer which is arranged between the heating layer and the substrate. It is provided according to this disclosure that the insulation layer bears an electrically conductive shielding layer and that the shielding layer is covered by a second insulation layer on which the heating layer lies. In addition, a flow heater having such a heating plate is disclosed.
A temperature sensor is described having a measuring resistor, a printed circuit board onto which the measuring resistor is soldered, a cover plate which is fastened onto the printed circuit board, the cover plate having a recess in which the measuring resistor sits.
A method is described for determining the resistance temperature characteristic of a ceramic glow plug, wherein the glow plug is heated at a specified power, wherein before the heating it is first determined whether the glow plug is an aged glow plug, and then, if the glow plug has not been detected as an aged glow plug, the glow plug is heated at a first specified power and the resistance value thereby achieved is assigned to a temperature that is anticipated to be the final temperature when heating a factory-outlet glow plug at this first power, or if the glow plug has been detected as an aged glow plug, the glow plug is heated at a reduced power which is smaller than the first power, and the resistance value achieved thereby is assigned to the same temperature that is also anticipated when heating a factory-outlet glow plug at the first power.
G01R 27/08 - Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
G01R 27/02 - Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
F02P 17/00 - Testing of ignition installations, e.g. in combination with adjusting; Testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines
G01R 17/10 - Measuring arrangements involving comparison with a reference value, e.g. bridge ac or dc measuring bridges
G01R 27/14 - Measuring resistance by measuring current or voltage obtained from a reference source
G01R 27/26 - Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants
G01R 31/28 - Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
13.
Heating device with skived fins and method for producing a heating rod
Disclosed is a heating device comprising a heating resistor, and a heat sink thermally coupled to the heating resistor, wherein the heat sink comprises corrugated fins that are skived fins integral to the heat sink. Also disclosed is a method for producing a heating rod.
H05B 3/50 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
H05B 3/06 - Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or with holders
H05B 3/42 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
H05B 3/44 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor arranged within rods or tubes of insulating material
H05B 3/46 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
H05K 7/20 - Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
14.
Method for the detection of a glow plug replacement
A method for detecting glow plug replacement or an aging glow plug. The glow plugs are heated and monitored. When a threshold value is reached for a first glow plug, a first value of a temperature-dependent variable is measured for all other glow plugs and is stored as reference values associated with the first glow plug. This process is repeated until reference values associated with each glow plug have been determined and stored for each glow plug. The process is repeated to determine a set of comparative values. The comparative values are compared with the reference values. A deviation of a comparative from a reference value of less than a specified tolerance value is considered an agreement. The inventive process concludes which of the glow plugs of the engine are unaltered and which have a resistance-temperature characteristic that has been altered to an extent indicating replacement, aging or a defect.
F02P 17/00 - Testing of ignition installations, e.g. in combination with adjusting; Testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines
F02P 19/02 - Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
15.
Primary coil former for an ignition coil, and ignition coil with such a primary coil former
A primary coil former for an ignition coil has a winding carrier surface configured for a primary coil wound thereon. Two primary winding stops limit the winding carrier surface at first and second axial ends of the carrier surface, respectively. Two holders are formed at the first axial end, each configured for holding one end of a winding wire. Two deflection domes are formed at the second axial end, one of the domes configured for guiding a winding wire back to the winding carrier surface for a clockwise winding and the other dome configured for guiding a winding wire back to the winding carrier surface for a counterclockwise winding. A groove in the winding carrier surface receives a winding wire which leads from one of the ends of the winding carrier surface up to a gap between the two deflection domes at the opposite end of the winding carrier surface.
H01F 27/30 - Fastening or clamping coils, windings, or parts thereof together; Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing, or other support
An inventive ignition coil has a transformer that includes a primary coil, a secondary coil and a core formed from stacked metal sheets. A plastic frame holds the sheets. A housing surrounds an interior in which the transformer is arranged and the interior is sealed with an electrically insulating casting compound. The housing comprises an interior wall bounding bounds a compartment in which a part of the core is arranged, the part of the core being outside the primary coil and the secondary coil.
The present invention relates to a heating device for use in vehicles, particularly to a device for heating a fluid, for example air, water, or liquid coolant. The device is particularly designed for vehicles the main propulsion system of which is not a combustion engine and which therefore lack residual heat from the engine. The present invention is characterized by the use of a chassis with a planar configuration and an inner chamber in fluid communication with an inlet port and an outlet port and a heating plate. The chassis comprises at least one window and the heating plate has a heating region closing the window of the chassis for heating the fluid housed in the inner chamber.
A thermal fuse for an electrical circuit is described, with a contact arm by way of which two electrical conductors are electrically conductively connected to each other, wherein the connection of the contact arm to at least one of the two conductors is a soldered joint, which loses its strength when a activation temperature of the fuse is reached. In accordance with this disclosure a permanent magnet is provided, which generates a magnetic force, which lifts the contact arm from at least one of the two conductors as soon as the soldered joint loses its strength.
H01H 37/76 - Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
H01H 85/36 - Means for applying mechanical tension to fusible member
19.
Method for assembling a magnetic core for a transformer
A method is described for the assembly of a magnetic core for a transformer, with the following steps: Cutting sheet metal blanks from transformer sheet, stacking the sheet metal blanks to form magnetic core segments, placing a permanent magnet at one of the magnetic core segments so that the latter is magnetized by the permanent magnet, formation of the magnetic core by placing the remaining magnetic core segments against the permanent magnet, or against a magnetic core segment already magnetized by the permanent magnet. A magnetic core is also disclosed.
H01F 41/02 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils or magnets
20.
Ignition coil and method for the manufacture of an ignition coil
An ignition coil is described for an internal combustion engine, with a housing, a transformer, which is arranged in an interior space of the housing, and potting compound, with which the interior space of the housing is cast. In accordance with this disclosure provision is made for the transformer to be covered by a mat, which is embedded in the potting compound.
F02P 3/02 - Other electric spark ignition installations characterised by the type of ignition power generation storage having inductive energy storage, e.g. arrangements of induction coils
21.
Heating rod for a glow plug and method for producing a heating rod and glow plug
This document describes a heating rod for a glow plug with a ceramic glow element having a glow tip at its front end and a connector portion at its rear end, a contact element making electrical contact with the connector portion of the glow element, and a sheath, from which the front end of the glow element protrudes. According to this disclosure, the contact element is pressed against the glow element under pre-tension. Furthermore, this document describes a method for producing such a heating rod and a glow plug with such a heating rod.
Disclosed is a heating device comprising a plate-shaped ceramic PTC resistor having a thickness, a front side, a back side and narrow sides, wherein the distance from the front side to the back side equals the thickness, and a first contact element and a second contact element, which are electrically contacting the PTC resistor. The PTC resistor is electrically contacted by the contact elements on opposite narrow sides.
H05B 3/50 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
H05B 3/14 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
F24H 9/1863 - Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
Described is an exhaust-gas switch, in particular for trucks, having a housing that has an inlet, a first outlet and a second outlet, having a shaft led out from the housing, and having a valve flap arranged in the housing that is pivotable about a geometric pivot axis by means of the shaft between a first position and a second position, the valve flap having a blocking portion that in the first position blocks the first outlet and in the second position blocks the second outlet. According to this disclosure, provision is made such that the valve flap bears a counterweight to the blocking portion, the geometric pivot axis being arranged between the blocking portion and the counterweight.
F16K 11/052 - Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves; Arrangement of valves and flow lines specially adapted for mixing fluid with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only lift valves with pivoted closure members, e.g. butterfly valves
F16K 27/02 - Construction of housings; Use of materials therefor of lift valves
A connector plug is described for connecting an ignition coil to a spark plug, comprising an electrical conductor, which has a first end for contacting the ignition coil and a second end for contacting the spark plug, and a protective tube, which surrounds the electrical conductor. In accordance with this disclosure it is proposed that the protective tube has a predetermined bending point with a reduced bending stiffness.
H01T 13/04 - Means providing electrical connection to sparking plugs
F02P 3/02 - Other electric spark ignition installations characterised by the type of ignition power generation storage having inductive energy storage, e.g. arrangements of induction coils
This disclosure relates to a fluid friction clutch having a housing, a clutch disc which is arranged at one end of a shaft which is mounted within the housing, a working chamber which is configured between the housing and the clutch disc, a storage chamber for clutch fluid, and at least one feed duct which leads from the storage chamber to the working chamber. Moreover, a pressure relief device for discharging clutch fluid from the feed duct into the storage chamber is provided.
F16D 31/06 - Fluid couplings or clutches with pumping sets of the volumetric type, i.e. in the case of liquid passing a predetermined volume per revolution using pumps of types differing from those before-mentioned
F16D 35/02 - Fluid clutches in which the clutching is predominantly obtained by fluid adhesion with rotary working chambers and rotary reservoirs, e.g. in one coupling part
Flow heater comprising a housing having an inlet and an outlet, a plate shaped heating insert that is arranged in the housing and defines a flow path from the inlet to the outlet. According to this disclosure the plate shaped heating insert comprises a first heating plate, a second heating plate, and a plate support arranged between the first heating plate and the second heating plate, wherein the first heating plate and the second heating plate are arranged on opposite sides of the plate support, and the first heating plate and the second heating plate each comprise a substrate plate carrying a resistive layer.
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
F24H 9/12 - Arrangements for connecting heaters to circulation pipes
B60H 1/22 - Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
H05B 3/26 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
F24H 1/00 - Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
F24H 1/12 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
F24H 9/18 - Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
H05B 3/14 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
H05B 3/24 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor being self-supporting
27.
Method for regulating the surface temperature of a glow plug
A method for regulating the surface temperature of a glow plug is described, wherein the electrical resistance of the glow plug is continuously measured and used to regulate the surface temperature of the glow plug to a target temperature or a target resistance corresponding to the target temperature by means of a resistance temperature characteristic. According to this disclosure, it is provided that the resistance temperature characteristic used for the temperature regulation is adjusted as a function of the present motor operating state.
F02P 19/02 - Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
28.
Method for regulating the temperature of a glow plug
Described is a method for regulating the temperature of a glow plug of an internal combustion engine, wherein a target resistance is determined from a target temperature by means of a resistance temperature characteristic of the glow plug and the actual resistance of the glow plug is regulated to the target resistance, the glow plug is heated to determine the resistance temperature characteristic of the glow plug, and thereby determining a resistance gradient and an electrical resistance of the glow plug is measured before the heating or at a defined time during the heating, using both the measured resistance and the resistance gradient, the resistance temperature characteristic is determined.
F02P 19/02 - Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
G05D 23/24 - Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. thermistor
F23Q 7/00 - Incandescent ignition; Ignition using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
29.
Method for controlling the temperature of glow plugs
A method for controlling the temperature of glow plugs of a combustion engine is described, wherein all glow plugs are heated up for an engine start by the input of electrical energy according to a profile which is uniformly specified for all glow plugs of the engine, a change in resistance ΔR is ascertained for each of the glow plugs for at least one specified time span, and a target resistance value is calculated for each glow plug from the associated change in resistance ΔR, this value being expected for the glow plug when it has reached its target temperature, and the target resistance value is used to control the temperature of the glow plug to the target temperature.
F02P 19/02 - Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
F02P 17/12 - Testing characteristics of the spark, ignition voltage or current
A method for operating an ignition coil is described, wherein a secondary voltage pulse is generated by feeding a primary voltage pulse into a transformer of the ignition coil, and a primary current, a primary voltage, a secondary current and/or a secondary voltage are measured, wherein the course of the primary current, the primary voltage, the secondary voltage and/or the secondary current are monitored and, when a malfunction is determined during subsequent primary voltage pulse, an error signal is generated which indicates that a malfunction has occurred during the previous primary voltage pulse and classifies the malfunction. In addition, a corresponding ignition coil is described.
H04B 3/54 - Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
F02P 5/145 - Advancing or retarding electric ignition spark; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
What is described is a mounting aid for mounting electrical components, in particular electrolytic capacitors or chokes, on a printed circuit board, said mounting aid comprising a body, which has compartments for receiving the electrical components, wherein the compartments have a base with openings for the insertion of connection wires of the electrical components, and metal parts fastened to the body, which metal parts each form at least one contact pin on the underside of the body and each from a busbar for connection to electrical components in a plurality of compartments of the body.
H05K 3/30 - Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
H01G 9/26 - Structural combinations of electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices with each other
H05K 3/34 - Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
Described is a connection plug for connecting an ignition coil to a spark plug, comprising an electric line that has a first end for contacting an ignition coil and a second end for contacting the spark plug, a protective hose that surrounds the electric line, a protective pipe that surrounds the protective hose, wherein the protective hose is retained in the protective pipe in a positive-locking manner. The protective pipe has latching recesses at its ignition coil end, into which latching projections of the protective hose engage.
F02P 3/02 - Other electric spark ignition installations characterised by the type of ignition power generation storage having inductive energy storage, e.g. arrangements of induction coils
H01R 13/506 - Bases; Cases composed of different pieces assembled by snap action of the parts
F02P 3/055 - Layout of circuits with protective means to prevent damage to the circuit or the ignition coil
H01R 13/53 - Bases or cases for heavy duty; Bases or cases with means for preventing corona or arcing
Described is a glow plug having a casing and a ceramic glow pin protruding out of the casing. The glow pin has a tapered end section inside the casing. A metal protective tube protrudes out of the casing and surrounds the glow pin. The protective tube has a widened end section inside the casing. A center electrode is arranged in the casing and electrically connected to the glow pin. The glow plug includes an annular or sleeve-shaped contact element through which the glow pin projects and to which the tapered end section of the glow pin is soldered. The contact element is at least partly surrounded by the widened end section of the protective tube.
What is described is a connection element for fastening a metal part to a printed circuit board, wherein the connection element has a first portion, which is formed as a press-fit pin to be pressed into a bore of the printed circuit board, and a second portion, which is formed as a screw to be screwed into the metal part.
H01R 43/20 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for assembling or disassembling contact members with insulating base, case or sleeve
H01R 13/6595 - Specific features or arrangements of connection of shield to conductive members the shield being mounted on a PCB and connected to conductive members with separate members fixing the shield to the PCB
Described is a pressure measuring glow plug with a housing, a glow pin, which projects out of the housing and can be displaced in its longitudinal direction relative to the housing against a restoring force. A sensor acquires the position of the glow pin or a pressure acting on the glow pin, and a center pole is arranged in the housing and electrically connected to the glow pin via a contact spring. This disclosure provides that the contact spring is a U-shaped, bent metal strip, which in a middle section has a reduced width, and broadens from the middle section toward its two ends.
Described is an ignition coil for an internal combustion engine having a housing with a plug connector, wherein the plug connector has an elastomeric cap slid onto a tubular housing section that surrounds a terminal contact. This disclosure provides that the terminal contact is surrounded by a circumferential slot, in which an inner edge of the cap sits.
H01T 13/04 - Means providing electrical connection to sparking plugs
F02P 3/02 - Other electric spark ignition installations characterised by the type of ignition power generation storage having inductive energy storage, e.g. arrangements of induction coils
H01R 13/53 - Bases or cases for heavy duty; Bases or cases with means for preventing corona or arcing
Described is an ignition coil comprising a housing, in which a transformer is arranged, and a plug connector, wherein the plug connector has a high voltage contact, which is connected to the secondary side of the transformer by means of a wire, which resiliently presses against an electrical contact surface. The contact surface is concavely shaped.
Described is a supply circuit for a corona ignition device, with an input for connection to a direct voltage source, a first converter, a second converter, and an output for connecting a load. The two converters each generate an output voltage, which is provided on its secondary side and exceeds the input voltage. The two converters each contain a transformer that galvanically separates the primary side of the converter from its secondary side. At least one transistor switch is arranged between the input and primary side of the two converters for pulse width-modulation of the input voltage. The primary side of the second converter is connected in parallel with the primary side of the first converter, the secondary side of the second converter is connected in series with the secondary side of the first converter, the secondary sides of the two converters are each bridged in this series connection by at least one diode, so that an output voltage can be provided at the output of the supply circuit even given a failure of one of the two converters.
A glow plug is described, having a body, a glow pin which protrudes from a first end of the body, and an inner pole which protrudes from a second end of the body and is electrically connected to the glow pin. A section of the inner pole that protrudes out of the body has an embossed structure for improving the mechanical and electrical connection to a plug connector. A method for producing a glow plug is also disclosed.
Disclosed is a heating rod comprising a ceramic heating element, a strip shaped contact sheet, and a housing in which the heating element and the contact sheet are arranged. The contact sheet is coated with nickel.
A heating rod having a plurality of ceramic heating elements, a first strip-shaped contact sheet, a second strip-shaped contact sheet, and a housing in which the plurality of heating elements and the contact sheets are arranged. The first contact sheet electrically contacts only a part of the plurality of the heating elements, and the second contact sheet electronically contacts a second part of the plurality of the heating elements.
H05B 3/14 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
B60H 1/22 - Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
H05B 3/24 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor being self-supporting
H05B 3/46 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
42.
Corona ignition device and method for the production thereof
This disclosure relates to a corona ignition device having: an insulator, which bears an electrically conductive coating, which forms a tubular face; a central electrode, which sits in the insulator and leads to at least one ignition tip; and a holder, in which the insulator sits. According to this disclosure, the insulator has an annular shoulder, on which is situated the end of the tubular face of the coating that faces away from the at least one ignition tip. A method for producing a corona ignition device is also described.
An electric heating device for heating fluids, comprising a housing, inlet and outlet connection pieces arranged at inlet and outlet openings of the housing, respectively, a flow path in the housing through which the fluid to be heated flows leading from the inlet connection piece to the outlet connection piece, and an electric heating unit attached to the housing. The flow path comprises inlet and outlet chambers and at least two flow channels running side by side from the inlet to the outlet chambers. A separating wall separates two flow channels from one another. Each flow channel has an inlet section connected to the inlet chamber and defining an inlet flow direction and an outlet section connected to the outlet chamber and defining an outlet flow direction. The inlet connection piece is oriented in the inlet flow direction and/or the outlet connection piece is oriented in the outlet flow direction.
F24H 1/14 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form
44.
Method for limiting the starting current of a step-up-converter
The disclosure relates to a method for limiting the starting current of a step-up-converter that is supplied by a DC voltage source. The step-up converter has a first capacitor, a coil connected in parallel to the first capacitor, a second capacitor connected to the coil in series, and a switch connected to the second capacitor in parallel and connected to the coil in series. In a first step, an output voltage of the circuit is measured and the step-up converter is connected to the DC voltage source by closing a power switch that is connected in series to the first capacitor. In a second step, the power switch is opened upon the output voltage increasing by more than a predefined threshold and is maintained open for a predefined time. The first and second steps are repeated until the output voltage reaches a predefined final value.
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 3/07 - Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02M 1/36 - Means for starting or stopping converters
45.
Voltage transformer circuit and method for ionic current measurement of a spark plug
A voltage transformer circuit is described for supplying a spark plug with ignition energy and for ionic current measurement. A transformer of the circuit generates a secondary voltage from a primary voltage and applies the secondary voltage to the spark plug to ignite an electric arc. Using a current effected by the secondary voltage, a capacitor is charged to a breakdown voltage of a Zener diode bridging the same, via a first branch, which leads from the transformer to a first of two sides of the capacitor. The primary voltage is disconnected from the transformer in order to extinguish the electric arc. The capacitor delivers charges for an ionic current via a second branch, which connects the second side of the capacitor to the transformer. A measuring signal of the ionic current is obtained by measuring a voltage drop at a measuring resistor.
Methods for producing a glow plug having a housing, a ceramic glow pin and a protective tube from which a section of the glow pin projects which is thinner than a thicker section arranged in the protective tube. The thinner section leads to a glow tip. The glow pin is inserted into the protective tube and the protective tube is inserted into the housing. A securing element is placed onto the first end of the glow pin. The internal diameter of the securing element is smaller than the maximum diameter of the glow pin. The securing element is fastened on the protective tube. Alternatively, the protective tube is heated locally at a section of the protective tube surrounding the thinner section, and there the interior width of the protective tube is reduced to a value smaller than the diameter of the thicker section of the glow pin.
This disclosure relates to a corona ignition device having a coil, which has an elongate coil body and a coil winding wound onto the coil body, an ignition electrode connected to the coil, and an insulator, inside which the ignition electrode is situated. According to the present disclosure, the coil body has a hollow section.
F23Q 3/00 - Ignition using electrically-produced sparks
H01T 19/00 - Devices providing for corona discharge
F02P 3/02 - Other electric spark ignition installations characterised by the type of ignition power generation storage having inductive energy storage, e.g. arrangements of induction coils
H01T 13/44 - Sparking plugs structurally combined with other devices with transformers, e.g. for high-frequency ignition
H01T 13/50 - Sparking plugs having means for ionisation of gap
Disclosed is an inventive method for controlling a corona ignition device of an internal combustion engine. A corona discharge, which ignites fuel in a combustion chamber of the engine, is generated by applying a voltage to the corona ignition device. An actual value that is characteristic of the nitrogen oxide concentration of the exhaust gas is compared with a setpoint value, and, if the actual value deviates from the setpoint value by more than a specified threshold value and the actual value is greater than the setpoint value, the voltage is reduced after the comparison.
F02P 9/00 - Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
F02P 23/04 - Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
H01T 19/00 - Devices providing for corona discharge
H01T 13/44 - Sparking plugs structurally combined with other devices with transformers, e.g. for high-frequency ignition
H01T 13/50 - Sparking plugs having means for ionisation of gap
F02P 3/06 - Other electric spark ignition installations characterised by the type of ignition power generation storage having capacitive energy storage
F02P 3/00 - Other electric spark ignition installations characterised by the type of ignition power generation storage
F02P 15/10 - Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups having continuous electric sparks
Disclosed is an electrical heating device for heating the interior of a vehicle, comprising a plurality of PTC heating rods each comprising ceramic PTC heating resistors, heat sinks for transferring heat from the PTC heating rods to an air flow, and a holder holding the PTC heating rods. The PTC heating rods are connected in series to an NTC heating rod comprising at least one NTC resistor, wherein the NTC heating rod is held by the holder.
H05B 3/50 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
F24H 9/18 - Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
F24H 3/04 - Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
H05B 3/14 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
A corona ignition device is described, with a central electrode, an insulator, in which the central electrode sits, a coil, which is connected to the central electrode, a metal housing, which holds the insulator and surrounds the coil, and a cover, which closes the metal housing at its end facing away from the insulator. According to this disclosure, provision is made for a spring arranged between the cover and the coil. In another aspect, a shield is provided that surrounds the housing and comprises several shell elements which each surround a section of the circumference of the coil.
A corona ignition system is described for igniting fuel in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, with a resonant circuit, which contains an ignition electrode, a high frequency generator connected to the resonant circuit, in order to generate an AC voltage for exciting the resonant circuit, and a direct current voltage source, in order to generate an input voltage for the high frequency generator. According to this disclosure, provision is made that parallel to the direct current voltage source a capacitor is connected to the high frequency generator, which capacitor on transient oscillation of the resonant circuit compensates mismatches between the resonant circuit and the direct current voltage source.
This disclosure refers to an electrical heating device comprising a heating rod, and heat sinks which are held between opposing flanges of the heating rod. The heat sinks are clamped by the flanges pressing laterally against the heat sinks.
Described is a fuse for an electrical circuit, comprising two contact arms, each having at least one connecting pin for inserting into a hole of a printed circuit board, and a spring which connects the two contact arms in an electrically conductive manner. According to this disclosure, it is provided that the spring is fastened to at least one of the two contact arms by means of a fastening means that loses its strength at a trigger temperature of the fuse, wherein the fuse is formed in such a manner that by inserting the connecting pins into holes of a printed circuit board, the spring is loaded such that the spring lifts from the at least one contact arm by spring force as soon as the fastening means loses its strength due to overheating. Moreover, a printed circuit board comprising such a fuse is described.
H01H 37/76 - Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
H01H 85/02 - Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive - Details
Described is a spark plug connector having an interference-suppression resistor which has a wire winding on a coil body. According to this disclosure, it is provided that the coil body carries an electrical resistor that contacts the wire winding and is connected in parallel thereto. In addition, an interference-suppression resistor for an ignition system of an internal combustion engine is described.
Described is a method for controlling an internal combustion engine, wherein an ignition control device is prompted by control signals of an engine control device to activate an ignition device by means of which an ignition of a fuel-air mixture in a cylinder of the internal combustion engine is affected. It is provided according to this disclosure, that the engine control device communicates a target ignition angle or information about an operating condition of the internal combustion engine to the ignition control device, and the ignition control device sets an operating parameter of the ignition device in dependence on the target ignition angle or the information about the operating condition of the internal combustion engine.
F02D 41/26 - Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using computer, e.g. microprocessor
A thermal fuse having a bow, which has a first end with a first soldering surface for soldering to a first contact surface of a printed circuit board and a second end with a second soldering surface for soldering to a second contact surface of the printed circuit board, a tensioning element, which is secured to the bow between the first and the second end and which is designed to press with a preload against the bow and the printed circuit board once the two soldering surfaces and the contact surfaces of a printed circuit board have been soldered, wherein a portion of the bow, between the two ends thereof, has a measuring resistor connected in series to the two soldering surfaces. A printed circuit board having such a thermal fuse is additionally described.
H01H 85/02 - Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive - Details
H01H 85/08 - Fusible members characterised by the shape or form of the fusible member
H01H 85/36 - Means for applying mechanical tension to fusible member
H05K 1/18 - Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components
H01H 37/76 - Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
57.
Method for controlling the triggering of ignition in an internal combustion engine
A method for controlling an internal combustion engine. Target ignition times for the individual cylinders are given by an engine control device through trigger signals transmitted to the ignition control device. After receiving a trigger signal, the ignition control device activates the ignition device associated with this trigger signal to effect ignition in the respective cylinder. The ignition control device stores a firing order in which an ignition is to be cyclically effected in the individual cylinders, and it is checked whether trigger signals for all cylinders are received in the stored firing order, and if not, a substitutional ignition time is calculated for the at least one cylinder for which no trigger signal has been received, from at least two trigger signals for the cylinders or one of the remaining cylinders, and the respective ignition device or ignition devices are activated according to the calculated substitutional ignition time.
Disclosed is a heater comprising a PTC heating resistor based on barium titanate. The PTC heating resistor is printed onto a substrate. Also disclosed is a method for manufacturing such a heater.
H05B 3/44 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor arranged within rods or tubes of insulating material
H01C 17/065 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base by thick-film techniques, e.g. serigraphy
B60H 1/22 - Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
F24H 3/04 - Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
H05B 3/46 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
H05B 3/26 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
59.
Method for controlling a corona ignition system of a cyclically operating internal combustion engine
A method for controlling a corona ignition system in which a corona discharge is produced at an ignition electrode by exciting a resonating circuit with an AC voltage produced by a high-frequency generator. The AC voltage is adjusted to a target value depending on an operating state of the engine. Combustion onset is determined by evaluating an electrical variable of the resonating circuit and the target value of the AC voltage is reduced by a predefined value following a predefined number of engine cycles or a predefined operating period. The determined combustion onset is evaluated in one or more engine cycles. The target value for the momentary engine operating state is then increased if, by evaluation of the combustion onset, it is found that a predefined requirement is no longer met. Otherwise, the reduced target value is stored as a new target value for the momentary engine operating state.
F02P 9/00 - Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
F02P 17/12 - Testing characteristics of the spark, ignition voltage or current
F02D 35/02 - Non-electrical control of engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
F02P 7/03 - Arrangement of distributors, circuit-makers, circuit-breakers or pick-up devices for electric spark ignition of distributors with electrical means
F02B 77/08 - Safety, indicating, or supervising devices
60.
Corona ignition device with gas-tight HF plug connector
Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH & Co. KG (Germany)
Inventor
Stifel, Timo
Zebhauser, Martin
Lankes, Wolfgang
Abstract
This disclosure relates to a corona ignition device, comprising a center electrode, an insulator, into which the center electrode plugs, a coil, which is connected to the center electrode, and a housing, in which the coil is arranged. The housing is closed at one end by the insulator and at the other end carries an HF plug connector, which has an inner conductor connected to the coil and an outer conductor connected to the housing. In accordance with this disclosure, the HF plug connector contains a glass body, which seals an annular gap between the inner conductor and the outer conductor. This disclosure also relates to an HF plug connector suitable for such an HF ignition device.
Methods for producing a glow plug having a housing, a ceramic glow pin and a protective tube from which a section of the glow pin projects which is thinner than a thicker section arranged in the protective tube. The thinner section leads to a glow tip. The glow pin is inserted into the protective tube and the protective tube is inserted into the housing. A securing element is placed onto the first end of the glow pin. The internal diameter of the securing element is smaller than the maximum diameter of the glow pin. The securing element is fastened on the protective tube. Alternatively, the protective tube is heated locally at a section of the protective tube surrounding the thinner section, and there the interior width of the protective tube is reduced to a value smaller than the diameter of the thicker section of the glow pin.
Described is a corona ignition device comprising an insulator, a housing that is closed at its front end by the insulator, a center electrode that protrudes out of a front end of the insulator and has at least one ignition tip, wherein the insulator protrudes out of the housing and widens outside of the housing. The insulator curves in a dome-shaped manner over the front end of the housing.
A corona ignition system for igniting fuel in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, comprising a oscillating circuit, which contains an ignition electrode, a high-frequency generator, which is connected to the oscillating circuit, in order to produce an AC voltage to excite the oscillating circuit, a converter in order to produce an input voltage for the high-frequency generator from an on-board supply voltage, a voltage controller to stabilize the input voltage produced by the converter for the high-frequency generator, and a control unit for controlling the high-frequency generator, wherein the control unit communicates an imminent load change of the converter to the voltage regulator, before the load change occurs as a result of activation or deactivation of the high-frequency generator. A method for controlling a corona ignition system is also described.
Described is a glow plug with a glow pencil that comprises a forward end with a glow tip and a rearward end, a housing in which the rearward end of the glow pencil is arranged and in relation to which the glow pencil is movable in its longitudinal direction, and a bellows that is connected to the housing and the glow pencil. According to this disclosure, it is provided that a forward end of the bellows is attached to the housing and a rearward end of the bellows is attached to the glow pencil.
F23Q 7/00 - Incandescent ignition; Ignition using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
F02P 19/00 - Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
F02P 19/02 - Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
G01L 7/06 - Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements in the form of elastically-deformable gauges of the bellows type
F23Q 7/22 - Incandescent ignition; Ignition using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs - Details
65.
Method for manufacturing an electrical heating device and heating device
What is described is a method for manufacturing an electrical heating device, wherein electrical heating resistors are disposed in tubes of an extruded profile, and openings are cut into a plate of the extruded profile connecting the tubes. According to this disclosure, fastening sections of the extruded profile are plastically deformed and, by means thereof, heat sinks are fastened on the extruded profile. A corresponding electrical heating device is also described.
F24H 9/12 - Arrangements for connecting heaters to circulation pipes
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
B21D 53/08 - Making other particular articles heat exchangers, e.g. radiators, condensers of both metal tubes and sheet metal
F24H 3/04 - Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
A corona ignition device for igniting fuel in an internal combustion engine by means of a corona discharge. The device comprises a center electrode, an insulator into which the center electrode is inserted, a coil body onto which a coil that is connected to the center electrode is wound, and a shielding cap which is fitted onto an end section of the coil body. The end section faces the insulator. According to this disclosure, the shielding cap comprises one or a plurality of slots.
Described is a method for detecting a glow plug replacement of an engine, wherein a first value of a temperature-dependent variable is measured at a first glow plug of the engine and, simultaneously, a second value of the temperature-dependent variable is measured at a second glow plug of the engine. The first value of the temperature-dependent variable is compared with a stored reference value of the first glow plug and a glow plug replacement is detected if the difference of the first value from the reference value exceeds a threshold value. According to this disclosure, it is provided that the reference value is a value which, in an earlier measurement, was measured at the first glow plug simultaneously with the measurement of a value at the second glow plug which corresponds to the second value within a predefined tolerance.
F02P 19/02 - Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
F02P 11/00 - Safety means for electric spark ignition, not otherwise provided for
F02P 17/00 - Testing of ignition installations, e.g. in combination with adjusting; Testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines
G01R 27/02 - Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
G01R 31/00 - Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
What is described is a method for igniting a fuel/air mixture in a combustion chamber of an engine, wherein a pencil, which is electrically insulated with respect to walls of the combustion chamber and contains a heating resistor, is electrically heated to a temperature of at least 800° C. in the combustion chamber of the engine by applying a heating voltage, and a high voltage of at least 500 V, which is different from the heating voltage, is applied to the pencil and thereby ions are generated in the combustion chamber by field emission of electrons. The invention additionally relates to an ignition system and a glow plug.
F02P 19/02 - Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
F02M 31/12 - Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for heating electrically
F23Q 7/00 - Incandescent ignition; Ignition using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
F02P 13/00 - Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
F02P 23/04 - Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
The invention relates to a vehicle heater, comprising at least one pipe, which has a plurality of chambers, ceramic heating elements, which are arranged in the chambers, and contact plates, which rest against the heating elements in the chambers via a front side and face an upper side or underside of the chamber via a rear side, wherein at least two chambers of the pipe are separated by an intermediate wall, which runs from the upper side to the underside of these two chambers. The contact plates have a slit, in which the intermediate wall is arranged.
H05B 3/42 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
B60H 1/22 - Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
F24H 3/04 - Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
F24H 3/10 - Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by plates
F24H 9/18 - Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
The invention relates to a method for controlling a corona ignition device that has a high-frequency generator and a resonant circuit that contains an ignition electrode, wherein a primary voltage is fed into the high-frequency generator, the resonant circuit is excited by a secondary voltage generated by the high-frequency generator, and a corona discharge is thus produced at the ignition electrode, a series of values of an electric variable are measured during the excitation of the resonant circuit, it is checked, by evaluating the measured values, whether the corona discharge has transitioned into an arc discharge, and a determination of an arc discharge is responded to by reducing the secondary voltage and thus extinguishing the arc discharge.
H01T 13/50 - Sparking plugs having means for ionisation of gap
F02P 17/00 - Testing of ignition installations, e.g. in combination with adjusting; Testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines
F02P 9/00 - Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
F02P 15/04 - Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups one of the spark electrodes being mounted on the engine working piston
F02P 17/12 - Testing characteristics of the spark, ignition voltage or current
F02P 23/04 - Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
F02P 15/08 - Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups having multiple-spark ignition, i.e. ignition occurring simultaneously at different places in one engine cylinder or in two or more separate engine cylinders
71.
Heating device composed of heating modules, and heating module for same
The invention relates to a heating device for heating the interior of a motor vehicle, comprising a plurality of heating modules arranged in at least one heating unit, each heating module comprising at least one heating resistor, at least one heat exchanger configured for delivering heat generated by the heating resistor to an airflow, and a rectangular frame surrounding the at least one heating resistor and the at least one heat exchanger, each frame having openings in opposed frame legs, wherein in the at least one heating unit the frame legs, comprising openings, of adjacent heating modules face one another and electrical connection elements reaching through the openings electrically connect the heating modules to one another.
B60H 1/00 - Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
B60H 1/22 - Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
F24H 3/10 - Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators by plates
H05B 3/08 - Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or with holders having electric connections specially adapted for high temperatures
H05B 3/24 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor being self-supporting
F24H 3/04 - Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
F24H 9/18 - Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
The invention relates to a continuous-flow heater having a housing, which comprises an inlet opening and an outlet opening, and a heater housing, which comprises at least one tubular chamber, in which at least one heating element is arranged. In accordance with this disclosure a plurality of ribs are arranged on a front side and a rear side of the heater housing, said ribs defining, between themselves, flow channel portions for liquid to be heated.
H05B 3/50 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
F24H 1/14 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form
F24H 1/12 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
H05B 3/14 - Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
H05B 3/24 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor being self-supporting
F24H 9/00 - FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL - Details
The invention relates to a method for producing a corona ignition device, in which a center electrode is plugged into an insulator and is connected to a coil, the coil is arranged in a housing tube, a mount for the insulator is fastened to a front end of the housing tube, and a plug connector is fastened to a rear end of the housing tube, and the housing tube is filled with insulating gas. In accordance with this disclosure, the insulating gas is introduced into the housing tube through a bore which is later sealed by welding. In one embodiment, a peg is plugged into the bore to facilitate sealing. In another embodiment, the bore is drilled into the plug connector.
H01S 4/00 - Devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in wave ranges other than those covered by groups , or , e.g. phonon masers, X-ray lasers or gamma-ray lasers
H01T 21/02 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs of sparking plugs
H01T 13/50 - Sparking plugs having means for ionisation of gap
The invention relates to a glow plug control device comprising a power transistor for switching the heating current on and off, a control unit for controlling the power transistor, a measuring resistor connected in series with the power transistor for measuring the intensity of a heating current, and a circuit board, which carries the power transistor, the control unit and the measuring resistor. The measuring resistor is connected to the circuit board via pins which are pressed into circuit board holes and which are made of an alloy that has a copper content of at least 80% by weight and a nickel content from 4 to 12% by weight. This disclosure also relates to the use of an alloy having a copper content of at least 80% by weight and a nickel content from 4 to 12% by weight for a pin of a press-in connection in a glow plug control device.
F02P 19/02 - Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
75.
Method for operating a glow plug, and glow plug control device
A method for operating a glow plug by means of pulse-width-modulated voltage pulses which are generated by controlling a load transistor, wherein a heating current flowing through the glow plug is measured and the duty cycle of the pulse-width-modulated voltage pulses is changed in accordance with values of the heating current. The heating current can be measured by means of a current measurement circuit, through which a sense current flows parallel to the load transistor, and the value of the heating current is calculated by multiplying a measured value of the sense current by a kILIS factor, wherein the temperature of the current measurement circuit is measured and the kILIS factor is defined in accordance with the measured circuit temperature. A glow plug control device is also disclosed.
F02P 19/02 - Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
The invention relates to a heating rod, comprising a housing made of metal, a heating element disposed in the housing, and a contact plate, which is seated against the heating element with a front and which protrudes from the housing. It is provided according to this disclosure that the contact plate is an aluminum sheet having an anodized back and the contact plate comprises projections for positioning the heating element.
The invention relates to a corona ignition device for igniting fuel in an internal combustion engine by means of a corona discharge, comprising a central electrode, an insulator, into which the central electrode plugs, a housing, into which the insulator plugs, a bobbin, onto which a coil which is attached to the central electrode is wound, and a shield cap, which is plugged onto an end portion of the bobbin facing the insulator. According to the invention, a portion of the central electrode protrudes through a bottom of the shield cap, or a circumferential wall of the shield cap has one or more slots, or the shield cap has a circumferential wall, which protrudes only on one side beyond the bottom of the shield cap only on one side.
H01T 19/04 - Devices providing for corona discharge having pointed electrodes
H01T 19/00 - Devices providing for corona discharge
H01T 13/44 - Sparking plugs structurally combined with other devices with transformers, e.g. for high-frequency ignition
H01T 13/34 - Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by the mounting of electrodes in insulation, e.g. by embedding
H01T 13/50 - Sparking plugs having means for ionisation of gap
The invention relates to a corona ignition device for igniting fuel in a combustion chamber of an engine by means of a corona discharge, comprising an insulator, a center electrode, which plugs into the insulator and carries an ignition head having a plurality of ignition tips, a coil, which is connected to the center electrode, and a housing, which surrounds the coil and into which the insulator plugs, wherein the ignition head has main body formed from sheet metal. In accordance with the invention, the ignition tips consist of a different material compared to the main body and are fastened to a side face of the main body. The invention also relates to an ignition head for such a corona ignition device and to a method for production thereof.
1, which is shorter than the duration of the engine cycle, is connected to the electrodes of the spark plug, and wherein the ion current flowing as a result of the application of the second voltage to the electrodes of the spark plug takes a path which avoids the ignition voltage source.
F02P 5/04 - Advancing or retarding electric ignition spark; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
F02P 17/12 - Testing characteristics of the spark, ignition voltage or current
G01L 23/22 - Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines
F02P 5/152 - Digital data processing dependent on pinking
F02D 35/02 - Non-electrical control of engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
80.
Corona ignition device and method for producing an ignition head for a corona ignition device
The invention relates to corona ignition device for igniting fuel in a combustion chamber of an engine by means of a corona discharge, comprising an insulator, a center electrode, which plugs into the insulator and carries an ignition head having a plurality of ignition needles, and a housing, into which the insulator plugs. In accordance with the invention, the ignition needles and the center electrode plug into the ignition head. The invention also relates to a method for producing an ignition head for a corona ignition device, wherein a green compact of the ignition head is produced by injection molding of metal powder, and the green compact is sintered while ignition needles and/or a center electrode plug thereinto.
ROSENBERGER HOCHFREQUENZTECHNIK GMBH & CO. KG (Germany)
Inventor
Stifel, Timo
Zebhauser, Martin
Lankes, Wolfgang
Abstract
The invention relates to a corona igniter comprising a central electrode (7); an insulator (6) in which the central electrode (7) is plugged; a coil (5) which is connected to the central electrode (7); and a housing (4) in which the coil (5) is arranged. The housing (4) is closed by the insulator (6) at one end and has an HF plug connector at the other end, said HF plug connector having an inner conductor (2) which is connected to the coil (5) and an outer conductor (2) which is connected to the housing (4). According to the invention, the HF plug connector contains a glass body (3) which seals an annular gap between the inner conductor (2) and the outer conductor (1). The invention further relates to an HF plug connector suitable for such an HF igniter.
ROSENBERGER HOCHFREQUENZTECHNIK GMBH & CO. KG (Germany)
Inventor
Stifel, Timo
Zebhauser, Martin
Lankes, Wolfgang
Abstract
The invention relates to a corona igniter comprising a central electrode (7); an insulator (6) in which the central electrode (7) is plugged; a coil (5) which is connected to the central electrode (7); and a housing (4) in which the coil (5) is arranged. The housing (4) is closed by the insulator (6) at one end and has an HF plug connector at the other end, said HF plug connector having an inner conductor (2) which is connected to the coil (5) and an outer conductor (2) which is connected to the housing (4). According to the invention, the HF plug connector contains a glass body (3) which seals an annular gap between the inner conductor (2) and the outer conductor (1). The invention further relates to an HF plug connector suitable for such an HF igniter.
This disclosure relates to a method for producing a heating rod for a vehicle heating apparatus, said method comprising the following steps: arranging at least one PTC element and at least one contact element in a tube, which is formed from sheet metal and is open along a longitudinal side; welding portions of the sheet metal that bear against one another by means of a weld seam running in the longitudinal direction of the tube. This disclosure also relates to such a heating rod.
H05B 3/24 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor being self-supporting
The invention relates to an ignition device for an Otto engine, comprising an ignition coil, a printed circuit board, which carries a control circuit with a power transistor, a plastic housing, in which the ignition coil and the printed circuit board are arranged, and a thermal dissipation element, which protrudes through a wall of the plastic housing. In accordance with this disclosure, the printed circuit board carries a cooling body, which is plugged together with the thermal dissipation element to form a thermal bridge, which dissipates thermal losses of the control circuit out from the plastic housing.
F28F 3/06 - Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being attachable to the element
F02P 3/02 - Other electric spark ignition installations characterised by the type of ignition power generation storage having inductive energy storage, e.g. arrangements of induction coils
The invention relates to a electric heating device for heating fluids, comprising at least one heating resistor, a screw, which defines a helical flow channel, and a tube housing, which surrounds the screw. In accordance with this disclosure, the screw has a core in which the at least one heating resistor is arranged.
F24H 1/10 - Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
H05B 3/78 - Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
F24H 9/00 - FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL - Details
F24H 1/00 - Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
B60H 1/22 - Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
H05B 3/22 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
H05B 3/42 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
The invention relates to a heating rod comprising a tube housing, at least one ceramic heating element, which is arranged in the tube housing, a first contact plate, which in the tube housing bears against the heating element or the heating elements, and an insulating frame, which surrounds the longitudinal edges of the first contact plate. In accordance with this disclosure, a second contact plate is provided, which carries a second insulating frame, wherein the at least one heating element is arranged between the two contact plates and the two frames are plugged into one another.
H05B 3/40 - Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
H05B 3/26 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
H05B 3/24 - Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor being self-supporting
87.
Method for monitoring the combustion chamber of a cyclically operating combustion engine
The present invention relates to a method for monitoring the combustion chamber of a cyclically operating combustion engine in which an air-fuel-mixture is ignited by means of a corona discharge generated by an electrical oscillating circuit in which an ignition electrode, which is electrically isolated from the combustion chamber walls, and the combustion chamber walls form a capacitor, wherein by evaluating an electrical parameter of the oscillating circuit information about the combustion chamber is gained. The voltage exciting the oscillating circuit is reduced after the beginning of the combustion and the oscillating circuit is then excited with a reduced voltage.
The invention relates to a method for detecting the start of combustion in a cyclically operating internal combustion engine in which a fuel/air mixture is ignited by means of a corona discharge, wherein, to generate the corona discharge, an electrical resonant circuit is excited, in which an ignition electrode that is electrically insulated with respect to combustion chamber walls constitutes a capacitor together with the combustion chamber walls, and, to identify the start of combustion, an electrical variable of the resonant circuit is evaluated. The position of an extremum is evaluated, the extremum occurring in the course of the electrical variable after ignition of the corona discharge and before extinguishment thereof, or the course of the electrical variable is compared with a reference course, wherein a threshold value is predefined and fuel combustion is concluded on the basis of a deviation by more than the threshold value.
A method for controlling the surface temperature of a glow plug. A heating current flowing through the glow plug and a voltage applied to the glow plug are measured, a temperature-dependent control variable is calculated from measured values of the heating current and the voltage using a first calculation rule, a target value of the control variable is calculated from a target temperature using a second calculation rule, the control variable is compared with the target value and, to minimize any deviation, the duty cycle of the pulse-width modulation is changed in accordance with this deviation. A value other than electrical resistance dependent on current and voltage is used as the control variable. The calculation rule in accordance with which this variable is calculated from measured values of current and voltage is provided to carry out the method and is established in each case for a series of glow plugs.
F02P 19/00 - Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
F02P 19/02 - Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
F23Q 7/00 - Incandescent ignition; Ignition using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
A method for closed-loop control of the surface temperature of a glow plug. A heating current flowing through the glow plug and a voltage applied to the glow plug are measured, and a calculation rule is used, which assigns a value of the surface temperature to a value pair formed of a value of the heating current and a value of the voltage. The calculation rule takes into account the influence of a changing temperature of a feed line of the heating resistor on the relationship between the heating current measured at a given voltage and the surface temperature of the glow plug. Also disclosed is a method for controlling the surface temperature of a glow plug, in which a factor of the control algorithm is calculated by using a correction term, which takes into account the heat dissipation from a glow tip to cooler parts of the glow plug.
F02P 19/00 - Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
G05D 23/19 - Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
F02P 19/02 - Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
G05D 23/24 - Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. thermistor
91.
Method for closed-loop control of the temperature of a glow plug
A method for controlling the surface temperature of any glow plug in an internal combustion engine. A glow plug control device carries out an initialization at the installed and connected glow plug to adapt the temperature model to the behavior of the connected glow plug before the engine is started. Upon initialization, the glow plug is acted on by at least two different voltages and the resistances of the glow plug with these voltages are measured. A resistance gradient is calculated therefrom and the temperature model is adapted to the behavior of the connected glow plug. During the control process during operation of the engine, the momentary surface temperature of the glow plug is estimated by a model temperature, which is established using the temperature model. The effective voltage acting on the glow plug is changed in accordance with the deviation of the model temperature from a target temperature.
F02P 19/02 - Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
F23Q 7/00 - Incandescent ignition; Ignition using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
This disclosure relates to a glow plug connector for a sensor glow plug, comprising a housing made of plastic, a plurality of contact elements made of metal, which form contact surfaces bearing against a circumferential wall of the housing, wherein the contact elements protrude on the glow-plug side from a base of the housing. The contact surfaces are embodied as segments of a circle that protrude from a strip-shaped section of the contact elements. This disclosure also relates to a connector for a cylinder pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
H01R 24/00 - Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
H01R 24/28 - Coupling parts carrying pins, blades or analogous contacts and secured only to wire or cable
H01R 24/58 - Contacts spaced along longitudinal axis of engagement
H01R 39/14 - Fastenings of commutators or slip-rings to shafts
G01L 23/22 - Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines
H01R 24/86 - Parallel contacts arranged about a common axis
H01R 33/76 - Holders with sockets, clips or analogous contacts, adapted for axially-sliding engagement with parallely-arranged pins, blades, or analogous contacts on counterpart, e.g. electronic tube socket
The invention relates to a glow plug for a diesel engine, said glow plug comprising a ceramic glow pencil, which has a heating portion, and a housing, from which the glow pencil protrudes, wherein the glow pencil has a ceramic inner conductor, an insulation layer surrounding the inner conductor, and a ceramic outer conductor layer arranged on the insulation layer. In accordance with this disclosure, the outer conductor layer in the heating portion only partially covers the insulation layer.
F02P 19/02 - Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal-combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
F23Q 7/00 - Incandescent ignition; Ignition using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
F02N 19/04 - Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
12 - Land, air and water vehicles; parts of land vehicles
Goods & Services
[ Electronic ignitions for vehicles; ] glow plugs for combustion engines [ ; electric starter motors ] [Audio devices and accessories for automobiles, namely, aerials; sensors, namely, oxygen (lambda) sensors, speed sensors, temperature sensors, vehicle magnetostatic sensors, and vehicle sensors for measuring water level in fuel filters; electrical radio interference suppression apparatuses, namely, filters for radio interference suppression; electric wires and cables for high and low-voltage; electrical connectors; condensers; electronic sensors for heating systems] [ Positive Temperature Coefficient heaters for automobiles ] [ Automobile accessories, namely, tire valves for vehicle tires ]
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
12 - Land, air and water vehicles; parts of land vehicles
Goods & Services
Ignition devices for combustion engines; glow systems, glow
plugs for combustion engines, electric starter for engines,
electric tools. Audio devices and accessories for automobiles as far as
included in this class; sensors; radio interference
suppression apparatuses (electrical); electric wiring and
cables for high and low-voltage; electrical connecting
pieces; condensers; contact sets; sensors for heating
systems. Additional heating and air-conditioning installations and
accessories for automobiles; heating systems, heating
burners and accessories, as far as included in this class. Vehicles for locomotion by land, air, water; automobile
accessories as far as included in this class.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
Contact sets, namely, contact points for engines; diesel glow plugs; diesel pressure sensor glow plugs; ignition distributor caps, ignition distributor spark plug connectors, and ignition distributor rotors; [ glow plug SR-sets; ] ignition cables; ignition coils; ignition coil connectors; ignition condensers; ignition lead sets primarily consisting of assembled cables and connectors; regulators for vehicle generators; spark plugs; spark plug connectors; [ vehicle fans for engines; clutches for engine fans; and vehicle fan and fan clutch assemblies for engines ] Electronic controllers for diesel engine starters primarily consisting of electronic controllers, glow plugs, and ignition leads all for controlling and regulating vehicle engine functions; [ electrical solenoids; ] electronic control units for diesel cold start; [ glow plug tester; ] ignition modules for electronically controlling and regulating vehicle engine functions; [ electronic components for regulating vehicle engine functions, namely, oil pressure switch and oxygen sensor testers; ] electronic devices for motor vehicles, namely, electric relays for diesel cold start, electric series resistors, speed sensors, temperature sensors, vehicle magnetostatic sensors, vehicle oxygen (lambda) sensors, and vehicle sensors for measuring water level in fuel filters; [ wheel electronics for tire safety system, namely, electrical apparatus for gauging vehicle tire safety ] [ Ignition systems for heating systems, namely, oil and gas burner ignition systems primarily consisting of electrodes, ignition leads, protective caps, connectors, fittings, interference suppressors, temperature sensors, and igniters; ignition devices for incandesence vehicle bulbs and lamps ]
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
Glow plugs, flame plugs, glow systems for diesel engines and parts thereof; exhaust gas after-treatment devices for combustion engines; soot filter burners for diesel engines. Pressure sensors and electronic evaluating apparatus therefor, for combustion engines; display apparatus, warning display apparatus for motor vehicles; engine diagnosis devices for combustion engines. Devices for heating intake air and heating flanges for combustion engines.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
12 - Land, air and water vehicles; parts of land vehicles
Goods & Services
(1) Air/gas analysis apparatus, namely, diagnostic apparatus for evaluating fuel consumption, driving performance, emission of pollutants and engine output in motor vehicles, namely for measuring and monitoring the temperature of gases both statically and dynamically, for measuring and monitoring the pressure of gases, both statically and dynamically, for analysing the composition of gases; antennas; electric indicators, namely, turn signal and braking indicators for motor vehicles; pressure measuring apparatus, namely, tire pressure gauges and automatic tire pressure control systems for monitoring tire pressure and warning of sudden and creeping loss of pressure in vehicle tires; speed checking apparatus for vehicles, namely, engine, gearbox speed sensors and wheel speed sensors for braking systems; optical lenses; pressure gauges; electric measuring devices, namely, apparatus for measuring temperature in auxiliary heating systems and apparatus for measuring temperature, pressure and oxygen in motor vehicle exhaust, lambda, namely lambda-sensors used in internal combustion engines for detecting oxygen in the engines exhaust, inductive, Hall effect, and thermistor sensors, and apparatus for control and regulation of oil temperature, camshaft position, wheel speed and cooling water temperature, namely for electrically and electronically detecting physical values, namely pressure, temperature, acceleration; transmitters of electronic and electric signals for vehicles; electric monitoring apparatus for monitoring tire pressure, heater and engine performance in motor vehicles namely for transmitting measured quantities to electronic evaluation, analysing and monitoring the measured values, optical and acoustic warning displaying the values monitored and measured; pressure indicator plugs for motor vehicle tire valves for tire pressure control.
(2) Automobiles tires; bicycle tires; tubeless tires for bicycles; vehicles for locomotion by land, air, water or rail, namely, automobiles, trucks, buses, railway cars and engines, and boats; land vehicle parts, namely vehicle wheels; tires for vehicles wheels; valves for vehicle tires; pneumatic tires; casings for pneumatic tires; inner tubes for tires.
12 - Land, air and water vehicles; parts of land vehicles
Goods & Services
Glow plugs for diesel engines; sparking plugs for internal combustion engines; fuel economisers for motors and engines, namely control apparatus for motors and engines, for controlling and regulating ignition and combustion, devices for the thermal boosting of combustion, afterglow devices and installations, devices and installations for intake air heating, fuel preheating and fuel processing; magnetos; ignition magnetos for engines; environmental protection apparatus for motors and engines, namely exhaust catalysts, devices for heating exhaust catalysts, thermal boosting devices for combustion in exhaust catalysts, soot filters, devices and installations for regenerating soot filters and for the after-treatment of exhaust gases from combustion engines; control mechanisms for machines, engines or motors; ignition devices for internal combustion engines. Vehicles for locomotion by land, air, water and rail; motor vehicles; land vehicles; motors and engines for land vehicles.
