An electrolyzer system includes a plurality of power management units, each power management unit in the plurality of power management units includes a first converter coupled to a first terminal of the power management unit, a second converter coupled to a second terminal of the power management unit, and an energy buffer coupled between the first converter and the second converter. The electrolyzer system includes a plurality of electrolyzer modules, in which the second terminal of each power management unit is coupled to at least one respective electrolyzer module of the plurality of electrolyzer modules. The electrolyzer system includes a control system configured to control operation of the power management units. The control system includes a master control device and a plurality of local control devices communicatively coupled to the master control device, each local control device being configured to provide control information to a respective power management unit.
Methods, systems, and apparatus include using an alkali metal as working fluid of a diffusion pump to remove hydrogen and/or helium from a reaction chamber of a nuclear fusion reactor. One example system includes a nuclear fusion reactor, a diffusion pump with a working fluid comprising an alkali metal, the diffusion pump being arranged to remove hydrogen and/or helium from the nuclear fusion reactor during operation of the system.
Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to a beam system. An example beam system includes a charged particle source configured to generate a beam of charged particles, a pre-accelerator system configured to accelerate the beam, and an accelerator configured to accelerate the beam from the pre-accelerator system. The pre-accelerator system can cause the beam to converge as it is propagated from the source to an input aperture of the accelerator. The pre-accelerator system can further reduce or eliminate source disturbance or damage caused by backflow traveling from the accelerator toward the source.
Systems and methods for multilevel hysteresis current control for a cascaded multilevel converter having a plurality of power cells connected in series with a positive integer number of output voltage levels, and to control any shape of AC/DC current in the load, transfer electrical power from energy storage elements of the power cells to that load and recover the energy back to the storage elements. Systems and methods for voltage balancing on energy storage elements of the power cells to determine whether to inject energy into or extract energy from a selected storage element, and for zero switching state rotation technique of switching elements in each power cell of cascaded multilevel converter.
H02M 7/483 - Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltage levels
H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
5.
SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR UNIFIED MODULAR BEAM DIAGNOSTICS
Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to a modular diagnostics interface system. An example modular diagnostics interface system includes one or more insertable measurement boards configured to communicably couple with a backplane of a modular measurement rack, and configured to collect a measured current from a component of a beamline.
Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to an ion beam source system. An ion source is configured to provide a negative ion beam to a tandem accelerator system downstream of the ion source, and a modulator system connected to an extraction electrode of the ion source is configured to bias the extraction electrode for a duration sufficient to maintain acceleration voltage stability of the tandem accelerator system.
H05H 5/06 - Tandem acceleratorsMulti-stage accelerators
7.
NEUTRON GENERATION TARGET MATERIALS, CONFIGURATIONS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVED PROTECTION OF OBJECTIVE MATERIALS AND METHODS OF PRODUCING NEUTRONS WITH THE SAME
Passivation regions and device configurations are described herein. The passivation regions can be configured to seal against diffusion of an objective material from an underlying region into and/or through the passivation region. The passivation regions can also be configured to seal against diffusion of an externally sourced or ambient substance into and/or through the passivation region towards the underlying region.
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided for energy systems having multiple modules arranged in cascaded fashion for generating and storing power. Each module can include an energy source and switch circuitry that selectively couples the energy source to other modules in the system for generating power or for receiving and storing power from a charge source. The energy systems can be arranged in single phase or multiphase topologies with multiple serial or interconnected arrays. Thermal management systems, switching assemblies, physical layouts of a module, and EV models based on a universal platform are also described.
B60L 50/60 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
B60L 53/16 - Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
9.
Module-based energy systems having converter-source modules and methods related thereto
Module-based energy systems are provided having multiple converter-source modules. The converter-source modules can each include an energy source and a converter. The systems can further include control circuitry for the modules. The modules can be arranged in various ways to provide single phase AC, multi-phase AC, and/or DC outputs. Each module can be independently monitored and controlled.
B60L 50/60 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
B60L 1/00 - Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of electrically-propelled vehicles
B60L 50/51 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
B60L 58/18 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
B60L 58/26 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/14 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
10.
ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR MANAGING POWER TO PRIMARY AND AUXILIARY LOADS
Energy systems for managing power to primary and auxiliary loads are provided. One example energy system includes a primary and an auxiliary subsystem coupled to each other by a primary converter. The primary subsystem is a module-based energy system that includes modules arranged in cascaded fashion for generating AC power. Each module includes an energy source and a converter that selectively couples the energy source to other modules in the primary subsystem. The primary subsystem can be arranged in single-phase or multiphase topologies. The auxiliary subsystem includes one or more energy sources connected together for generating DC power. The primary converter can convert AC-to-DC power for managing power demands between the primary and auxiliary sides of the energy system. A charge source or intermittently available charge sources for performing multiphase AC, single-phase AC, DC, or DC pulse charging of the energy system are also described.
H02J 7/14 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
H02M 7/797 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power outputConversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
11.
SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR BEAM MISALIGNMENT DETECTION
Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relating to a beam system. An example method of detecting beam misalignment a beam system includes detecting beam misalignment in an injector system of the beam system. The example method further includes detecting beam misalignment in an accelerator system of the beam system.
G01B 7/31 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring angles or tapersMeasuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to initiating beam transport for an accelerator system. An example method includes increasing a bias voltage of one or more electrodes of the accelerator system to a first voltage level and extracting a charged particle beam from a beam source such that the beam is transported through the accelerator system. The beam has a beam current at a first beam current level that results in a first transient voltage drop of the accelerator system within a threshold. The method further includes increasing the beam current at a rate that results in one or more subsequent transient voltage drops of the accelerator system until the accelerator system has reached nominal conditions. The one or more subsequent transient voltage drops are within the threshold. Another example method includes biasing one or more electrodes of an accelerator system to a voltage level and selectively extracting, according to a duty cycle function, a charged particle beam from a beam source such that the charged particle beam is transported through the accelerator system. The duty cycle function can be linear or non-linear and can include a frequency f. The duty cycle function can include a variable pulse duration such that the variable pulse duration increases over time with each selective extraction of the charged particle beam.
Magnet assemblies, e.g., dipole magnet assemblies, with integrated charged particle beam dumps and systems containing the same are described. Examples of a dipole magnet assembly include a dipole bending magnet and a channel assembly configured with a charged particle beam dump. The dipole magnet can be configured to generate a uniform magnetic field within the channel assembly that bends a trajectory of a charged particle beam. The channel assembly can be configured to support a vacuum for the charged particle beam while absorbing secondary-state particles using the charged particle beam dump. The charged particle beam dumps can be releasably secured to the channel assembly, welded to the channel assembly, or inserted into the channel assembly. Each charged particle beam dump can utilize an active cooling system such as cooling tubes or an embedded cooling channel to mitigate excessive heat generation from secondary-state particle absorption. Materials are also described.
Metallic bodies are provided having a lithium layer and a metallic substrate. The metallic bodies can exhibit increased resistance to radiation-induced deformations such as blistering. Methods are provided for transitioning the metallic bodies into more blister resistant configurations, as our methods for diminishing or eliminating blisters previously formed. Systems for utilizing the metallic bodies and methods are also disclosed.
Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to fast beam position monitoring for detecting beam misalignment in a beam line. In an example, a fast beam position monitor includes a plurality of electrodes extending into an interior of a component of a beam line. The fast beam position monitor is configured to detect a position of a beam passing through the component of the beam line based on beam halo current. Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods further relate to noninvasively monitoring parameters of beams advancing along a beam line. In examples, gas is puffed into a pumping chamber along a beam line. One or more beam parameters are measured from fluorescence resulting from collisions of energetic beam particulates of a beam advancing through the beam line.
A housing and/or installation frameworks for a modular multi-level energy system includes a set of similar cabinets configured for orthogonal (e.g., vertical and horizontal) alignment of the modules. The cabinets are configured so modules of a particular phase are oriented along an axis parallel to a reference plane. Modules of the same level of the multi-level arrangement but of different phases are mounted in each cabinet, arranged such that a module for each phase is a defined distance from the reference plane. The cabinets are arranged equidistant and orthogonal to the reference plane, minimizing distance for connections between modules of the same phase across multiple cabinets, and facilitating convenient addition or removal of levels. The framework also facilitates data and reference signal connections between local control devices of the modules, and between the local control devices and a master control device for the system.
Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to an electrode standoff isolator. An example electrode standoff isolator includes a plurality of adjacent insulative segments positioned between a proximal end and a distal end of the electrode standoff isolator. A geometry of the adjacent insulative is configured to guard a surface area of the electrode standoff isolator against deposition of a conductive layer of gaseous phase materials from a filament of an ion source.
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for energy systems configured to provide power to AC and DC loads. The system can include multiple array segments configured to output AC signals for powering the AC loads and a supplemental signal conversion device configured to convert the AC signals to DC signals for powering the DC loads.
B60L 58/18 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
B60L 1/00 - Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of electrically-propelled vehicles
B60L 50/64 - Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
H02J 7/14 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
19.
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR FORMING A HIGH FLUX SPHEROMAK PLASMA AND SYSTEMS CONTAINING THE SAME
Devices and methods for forming a spheromak plasma with targeted properties are described. The targeted properties can include a kinetic energy, an ejection speed, a plasma current, a magnetic flux, and a magnetic helicity. Examples of a high flux spheromak gun can include numerous components based on location, function, dimension, and/or constituent material. The components can include an inner electrode, an outer electrode, an inner bias coil, an outer bias coil, a ferromagnetic-core, one or more gas-puff valves, a power supply, and an electronic controller programmed to implement a magnetic flux injection scheme. Systems, such as field-reversed configuration (FRC) systems, employing the devices and methods are also described.
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for cooling a modular energy system. The embodiments can utilize an enclosure surrounding the modular energy system to route the coolant in a manner that passes in proximity with components of modules of the modular energy system. The embodiments can provide for a sequence of pumping coolant such that the coolant cools components of the electric vehicle having the lowest desired operating temperature first, followed by the components having relatively higher desired operating temperatures. Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are also provided herein for a modular energy system with removable and replaceable energy sources. The system can be positioned within an electric vehicle in a manner that permits rapid removal of energy sources having a relatively low state of charge and replacement of those energy sources with different energy sources having a relatively higher state of charge.
B60L 58/26 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
B60L 58/12 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
B60L 58/16 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
H05K 7/20 - Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
21.
Multi-level hysteresis voltage controllers for voltage modulators and methods for control thereof
Systems and methods that facilitate multilevel hysteresis voltage control methods for cascaded multilevel voltage modulators having a plurality of power cells connected in series and has any positive integer number of output voltage levels to control any unipolar voltage on the load of the voltage modulator, and transfer electrical power from an electrical grid via AC/DC converters or directly from energy storage elements of the power cells to that load. A method of operational rotation of the power cells of a multilevel voltage modulator, which ensures an equal power sharing among the power cells and voltage balancing of the energy storage elements of the power cells of the modulator.
H02M 1/12 - Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
H02M 3/156 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
H03K 17/567 - Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
Systems and methods directed to improved battery management, motor control, energy storage and battery charging. The systems and methods enable vehicle electrification and provides a paradigm changing platform that enables integration of battery management, charging and motor controls with means to manage regenerative braking, traction and handling. In embodiments, systems and methods are directed to a unified modular battery pack system having a cascaded architecture comprising an integrated combination of a networked low voltage converter/controller with peer-to-peer communication capability, embedded ultra-capacitor or other secondary energy storage element, battery management system and serially connected set of individual cells as the fundamental building block.
B60L 50/61 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
B60L 7/16 - Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles comprising converters between the power source and the motor
B60L 50/40 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
B60L 58/12 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/14 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
23.
Systems, Devices, and Methods for Rail-Based and Other Electric Vehicles with Modular Cascaded Energy Systems
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided for electric vehicles that are subject to intermittent charging, such as rail-based electric vehicles, having one or more modular cascaded energy systems. The one or more modular systems can be configured to supply multiphase, single phase, and/or DC power to numerous motor and auxiliary loads of the EV. If multiple systems or subsystems are present in the EV, they can be interconnected to exchange energy between them in numerous different ways, such as through lines designated for carrying power from the intermittently connected charge source or through the presence of modules interconnected between arrays of the subsystems. The subsystems can be configured as subsystems that supply power for motor loads alone, motor loads in combination with auxiliary loads, and auxiliary loads alone.
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for power supply systems that are configured to generate pulsed power for loads. The power supply systems can include cascaded power supply units that each include cascaded power supply cells. Each power supply cell can include parallel boost converters for regulating a power bus and a buck converter for converting energy on the bus to a regulated output voltage and current.
H02M 1/10 - Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from AC or DC
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02J 7/34 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
25.
SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT OF AN ENERGY SOURCE
Systems, devices, and methods for controlling source current in systems having two or more energy sources. The source current can be controlled in a manner that seeks balance in one or more operating parameters of the sources while meeting load demand. Examples of operating parameters can include charge, temperature, voltage, state of health, current, and others. Example embodiments are described that control, for each module, respective tunable balance factors for operating parameters of the one or more energy sources of the module such that each operating parameter of each energy source converges towards a balanced target value for the operating parameter, and control, for each module, energy outputs of each of the one or more energy sources based on the respective tunable balance factors for the module.
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for a cooling fluid exchange for use with a battery module that houses one or more battery modules. The exchange includes a supply conduit structure having a first supply egress residing between a first supply end portion and a second supply end portion. The supply conduit structure is configured to receive a cooling fluid at the first supply ingress and direct the cooling fluid out of the supply conduit structure through the first supply egress. The exchange also includes a return conduit structure having a first return ingress residing between the first return end portion and the second return end portion. The return conduit structure is configured to receive the cooling fluid at the first return ingress and direct the cooling fluid to the first return egress.
B60L 58/26 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
H01M 10/60 - Heating or coolingTemperature control
H01M 10/617 - Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
H01M 10/652 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations characterised by gradients
H01M 10/654 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
H01M 10/6556 - Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
H01M 10/6568 - Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
28.
MODULE-BASED ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING POWER TO PRIMARY AND AUXILIARY LOADS
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for energy systems configured to provide power to AC and DC loads. The system can include multiple array segments configured to output AC signals for powering the AC loads and a supplemental signal conversion device configured to convert the AC signals to DC signals for powering the DC loads.
B60L 58/20 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
H02M 7/48 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02M 5/458 - Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
B60L 1/00 - Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of electrically-propelled vehicles
B60L 50/60 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
29.
SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR RAIL-BASED AND OTHER ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITH MODULAR CASCADED ENERGY SYSTEMS AND FUEL CELLS
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided for electric vehicles that are subject to intermittent charging, such as rail-based electric vehicles, having one or more modular cascaded energy systems. The one or more modular systems can be configured to supply multiphase, single phase, and/or DC power to numerous motor and auxiliary loads of the EV. If multiple systems or subsystems are present in the EV, they can be interconnected to exchange energy between them in numerous different ways, such as through lines designated for carrying power from the intermittently connected charge source or through the presence of modules interconnected between arrays of the subsystems. The subsystems can be configured as subsystems that supply power for motor loads alone, motor loads in combination with auxiliary loads, and auxiliary loads alone. The systems can include a fuel cell for providing additional power to the loads and/or to charge energy sources.
B60L 50/75 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
B60L 53/20 - Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehiclesCharging stations or on-board charging equipment thereforExchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
B60L 50/60 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
B60L 50/70 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
B60L 58/12 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
30.
Ion beam paths on target surfaces for neutron beam generation
Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to selecting a raster profile for scanning a proton beam across a target. A raster profile is selected from among the plurality of plurality of possible raster profiles based on a value of a figure of merit. A beam is directed across the target surface to form a pattern that is repeated one or more times at different radial orientations to form a scanning profile. A target temperature is monitored while scanning the beam across the target surface according to the scanning profile. The scanning parameters are changeable to avoid target damaging, to improve thermal performance and to optimize particle loading.
A high performance field reversed configuration (FRC) system includes a central confinement chamber, divertors coupled to the ends of the chamber, neutral beam injectors positioned about the chamber, and a magnetic system comprising quasi-dc coils axially positioned along the FRC system components.
The present disclosure provides a neutron generation target containing a neutron generation region, a highly thermoconductive base plate substrate, and an intermediate layer positioned between the neutron generation region and the substrate to facilitate heat transfer and/or avoid deposition of hydrogen in the substrate. One example of the intermediate layer is highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.
The present disclosure provides a neutron generation target containing a neutron generation region, a highly thermoconductive base plate substrate, and an intermediate layer positioned between the neutron generation region and the substrate to facilitate heat transfer and/or avoid deposition of hydrogen in the substrate. One example of the intermediate layer is highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.
Provided are methods and systems for volatile object transport. An example volatile object transport container includes a viewport assembly, a target container housing configured to accommodate clamp assemblies affixable to a volatile object, and a sealing member positioned between the viewport assembly and the target container housing. The sealing member is configured to provide an air-tight seal within an interior cavity of the volatile object transport container when the viewport assembly and target container housing are affixed to one another.
B65D 81/20 - Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure, or in a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
B65D 85/00 - Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
First-wall systems and methods for FRC based aneutronic fusion reactors or photon reactors, and fission or transmutation molten salt reactors that facilitate the management and handling of all aspects of energies, fluxes and particles.
G21C 15/12 - Arrangement or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant, e.g. for coolant circulation through the supports of the fuel elements from pressure vesselArrangement or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant, e.g. for coolant circulation through the supports of the fuel elements from containment vessel
G21C 15/26 - Promoting flow of the coolant by convection, e.g. using chimneys, using divergent channels
The present disclosure provides an integrated target assembly containing a lithium layer attached to a base plate on a support structure made from a low-activation material. The support structure includes flow channels adjacent to the surface of the base plate for effective cooling of the base plate during operation. The integrated target assembly advantageously reduces the amount of easily activatable material, such as copper, leading to increased safety of the handling personnel.
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided for intraphase and interphase balancing of modular energy systems. The embodiments can be used in a broad variety of mobile and stationary applications in a broad variety of modular cascaded topologies. The embodiments can include the generation of a module status value that is representative of status information collected or determined for the module. The module status value can be an intermediate quantitative representation of the status of each module as it pertains to one or more operating characteristics sought to be balanced by the system. This intermediate quantitative representation can then be used in the generation of a modulation index for the module, which can then be used as part of a larger control technique, such as pulse width modulation, for control and balancing of the system.
B60L 58/12 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
B60L 58/24 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
A high performance field reversed configuration (FRC) system includes a central confinement chamber, two diametrically opposed compact toroid plasma injectors coupled to the chamber, two divertor chambers interposing the injectors and the chamber, and opposing sets of biasing electrodes. A magnetic system includes quasi-dc coils axially positioned along the FRC system components.
The present disclosure provides an integrated target assembly containing a lithium layer attached to a base plate on a support structure made from a low-activation material. The support structure includes flow channels adjacent to the surface of the base plate for effective cooling of the base plate during operation. The integrated target assembly advantageously reduces the amount of easily activatable material, such as copper, leading to increased safety of the handling personnel.
Systems, devices, and methods for energy systems that include one or more modules are configured to connect to a power grid. Each module outputs a respective voltage waveform and/or a current waveform to a load. A controller is configured to periodically cause at least a portion of the one or more modules to output an increased voltage and/or current level at a specified harmonic frequency. An islanding detector is configured to detect, based on an impedance of the grid, when the one or more modules are in an island condition.
Systems, devices, and methods for energy systems that include one or more modules are configured to connect to a power grid. Each module outputs a respective voltage waveform and/or a current waveform to a load. A controller is configured to periodically cause at least a portion of the one or more modules to output an increased voltage and/or current level at a specified harmonic frequency. An islanding detector is configured to detect, based on an impedance of the grid, when the one or more modules are in an island condition.
Module-based energy systems are provided having multiple converter-source modules. The converter-source modules can each include an energy source and a converter. The systems can further include control circuitry for the modules. The modules can be arranged in various ways to provide single phase AC, multi-phase AC, and/or DC outputs. Each module can be independently monitored and controlled.
B60L 50/51 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
B60L 1/00 - Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of electrically-propelled vehicles
B60L 50/60 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
B60L 58/18 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
B60L 58/26 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
H02J 3/28 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
H02J 3/46 - Controlling the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/14 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
H02M 7/49 - Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
43.
SYSTEM, DEVICES AND METHODS FOR ELECTRON BEAM FOR PLASMA HEATING
A long-pulse, high power electron beam with plasma emitters for plasma heating. The electron beam includes an arc plasma source, an electron optical system comprised of the system of acceleration grids, a beamline which includes a magnetic system to provide effective e-beam formation, transport and, ultimately, injection into a plasma confinement device of interest, a plasma generator coil, a plasma emitter coil, a lens coil, and a beam transport coil.
H05H 1/14 - Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fieldsArrangements for heating plasma using applied magnetic fields only wherein the containment vessel is straight and has magnetic mirrors
Systems and methods for multilevel hysteresis current control for a cascaded multi-level converter having a plurality of power cells connected in series with a positive integer number of output voltage levels, and to control any shape of AC/DC current in the load, transfer electrical power from energy storage elements of the power cells to that load and recover the energy back to the storage elements. Systems and methods for voltage balancing on energy storage elements of the power cells to determine whether to inject energy into or extract energy from a selected storage element, and for zero switching state rotation technique of switching elements in each power cell of cascaded multilevel converter.
H02M 7/483 - Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltage levels
H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
45.
Multi-level hysteresis voltage controllers for voltage modulators and methods for control thereof
Systems and methods that facilitate multilevel hysteresis voltage control methods for cascaded multilevel voltage modulators having a plurality of power cells connected in series and has any positive integer number of output voltage levels to control any unipolar voltage on the load of the voltage modulator, and transfer electrical power from an electrical grid via AC/DC converters or directly from energy storage elements of the power cells to that load. A method of operational rotation of the power cells of a multilevel voltage modulator, which ensures an equal power sharing among the power cells and voltage balancing of the energy storage elements of the power cells of the modulator.
H02M 1/12 - Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
H02M 3/156 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
H03K 17/567 - Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
Systems, devices and methods that facilitate non-intrusive measurement and validation of field-reversal of a core plasma by combining DFSS and blended Zeeman concepts (i.e., sub-Doppler circular dichroism spectroscopy).
G01R 33/26 - Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance for measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using optical pumping
Neutron generation targets and methods for manufacturing neutron generation targets, e.g., for using in boron neutron capture therapy. One method includes pressing lithium foil to substrate with enough force, such that lithium deforms during the pressing operation and adheres to the substrate, thereby forming a thin lithium layer on the surface of the substrate.
Neutron generation targets and methods for manufacturing neutron generation targets, e.g., for using in boron neutron capture therapy ("BNCT"). This specification describes a lithium-containing neutron generation target, useful to produce a beam of neutrons for bombarding a boron-containing compound in a boron-neutron capture therapy of cancer. One method includes pressing lithium foil to substrate with enough force, such that lithium deforms during the pressing operation and adheres to the substrate, thereby forming a thin lithium layer on the surface of the substrate.
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided for charging and discharging energy systems having multiple modules arranged in cascaded fashion for generating and storing power. Each module can include an energy source and switch circuitry that selectively couples the energy source to other modules in the system for generating power or for receiving and storing power from a charge source. The energy systems can be arranged in single phase or multiphase topologies with multiple serial or interconnected arrays. The embodiments are capable of being charged with multiphase AC charge signals, a single phase AC charge signal, and/or a DC charge signal. Embodiments implementing the modular energy system within a charge source for performing multiphase, single phase AC, or DC charging of electric vehicles are also disclosed. Also disclosed are multi-motor embodiments and embodiments with the capability to power active suspensions and active steering systems.
B60L 53/00 - Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehiclesCharging stations or on-board charging equipment thereforExchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
B60L 53/10 - Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehiclesCharging stations or on-board charging equipment thereforExchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
B60L 58/18 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
50.
PULSED CHARGING FOR ENERGY SOURCES OF CONNECTED MODULES
Embodiments that provide advanced charging of energy source arrangements for energy storage applications are disclosed. The embodiments can be used within energy storage systems having a cascaded arrangement of converter modules. The embodiments can include the application of pulses to an energy source of each module of the system. The pulses can be applied for charging and preheating purposes. Control techniques can be used to distribute charge signals from a charge source to multiple modules of an energy storage system.
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 7/49 - Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
51.
PULSED CHARGING FOR ENERGY SOURCES OF CONNECTED MODULES
Embodiments that provide advanced charging of energy source arrangements for energy storage applications are disclosed. The embodiments can be used within energy storage systems having a cascaded arrangement of converter modules. The embodiments can include the application of pulses to an energy source of each module of the system. The pulses can be applied for charging and preheating purposes. Control techniques can be used to distribute charge signals from a charge source to multiple modules of an energy storage system.
Embodiments that provide advanced charging of energy source arrangements for energy storage applications are disclosed. The embodiments can include the application of pulses to an energy source for charging and preheating purposes. Systems and techniques for assessing parameters of impedance, inductance, and thermal characteristics for use in heating and charging are described, as are feedback based pulse control embodiments that assess voltage changes due to concentration shifts.
H02J 7/04 - Regulation of the charging current or voltage
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H02J 7/16 - Regulation of the charging current or voltage by variation of field
53.
SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR PULSE CHARGING AND PULSE HEATING OF RECHARGEABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Embodiments that provide advanced charging of energy source arrangements for energy storage applications are disclosed. The embodiments can include the application of pulses to an energy source for charging and preheating purposes. Systems and techniques for assessing parameters of impedance, inductance, and thermal characteristics for use in heating and charging are described, as are feedback based pulse control embodiments that assess voltage changes due to concentration shifts.
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
G01R 31/3835 - Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
G01R 31/374 - Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
54.
MANAGING BYPRODUCTS IN A FUSION REACTOR AND PUMPING SYSTEMS FOR THE SAME
Methods, systems, and apparatus include using an alkali metal as working fluid of a diffusion pump to remove hydrogen and/or helium from a reaction chamber of a nuclear fusion reactor. One example system includes a nuclear fusion reactor, a diffusion pump with a working fluid comprising an alkali metal, the diffusion pump being arranged to remove hydrogen and/or helium from the nuclear fusion reactor during operation of the system.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
G21C 19/30 - Arrangements for introducing fluent material into the reactor coreArrangements for removing fluent material from the reactor core with continuous purification of circulating fluent material, e.g. by extraction of fission products
C01B 3/00 - HydrogenGaseous mixtures containing hydrogenSeparation of hydrogen from mixtures containing itPurification of hydrogen
55.
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND SYNCHRONIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for energy systems that include an array of cascaded modules configured to output a voltage waveform and/or a current waveform to a load. Each module can include an energy source, switch circuitry, and a local control device. Each module can have an identifier. The energy system can include a master control device communicably coupled to each local control device over a communication path. The master control device can be configured to send, over the communication path, control information data elements to the local control devices. Each control information data element can include a normalized reference signal for each module of the array of cascaded modules, a single identifier selected from a set of identifiers including the identifier for each module in the array of cascaded modules, and a modulation index for the module having the single identifier.
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for energy systems that include an array of cascaded modules configured to output a voltage waveform and/or a current waveform to a load. Each module can include an energy source, switch circuitry, and a local control device. Each module can have an identifier. The energy system can include a master control device communicably coupled to each local control device over a communication path. The master control device can be configured to send, over the communication path, control information data elements to the local control devices. Each control information data element can include a normalized reference signal for each module of the array of cascaded modules, a single identifier selected from a set of identifiers including the identifier for each module in the array of cascaded modules, and a modulation index for the module having the single identifier.
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
B60L 50/60 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
B60L 58/18 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
B60L 58/26 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
57.
NEUTRON GENERATING TARGET FOR NEUTRON BEAM SYSTEMS
Embodiments that are directed to a target for producing a high epithermal neutron yield for boron-neutron capture therapy (BNCT) treatments are disclosed. The target includes a thin flat film of solid lithium mounted onto a heat-removal support structure that is cooled with a liquid coolant and configured to maintain the turbulent flow regime for a liquid coolant and distribute the flow of coolant directed at the center of the support structure toward a periphery of the support structure via a plurality of channels formed in the support structure. The support structure includes a nozzle located at its center to direct coolant flow outwardly from the center to avoid stagnant water flow at the center of the support structure. Systems, device, and methods utilizing the approaches are also described.
Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to exclusion of ion beam paths on the target surface to optimize neutron beam performance. A particle beam is directed along an axis so that the particle beam is incident on a target positioned on the particle beam axis. The target has a scannable surface extending over an area substantially orthogonal to the axis. The particle beam is scanned across the scannable surface of the target along a first path having a first flux. The particle beam, having a second flux, is scanned across the scannable surface of the target along a second path that is within an exclusion area of the target.
Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to exclusion of ion beam paths on the target surface to optimize neutron beam performance. A particle beam is directed along an axis so that the particle beam is incident on a target positioned on the particle beam axis. The target has a scannable surface extending over an area substantially orthogonal to the axis. The particle beam is scanned across the scannable surface of the target along a first path having a first flux. The particle beam, having a second flux, is scanned across the scannable surface of the target along a second path that is within an exclusion area of the target.
Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to controlling beams for use in beam systems. An example method of controlling a travel path of a beam includes propagating a beam along a first path from an entry point of a dipole magnet through a non-gradient portion of the dipole magnet until the beam bends toward a first beam travel path of multiple beam travel paths of the dipole magnet. The example method further includes propagating the beam along the first beam travel path through a gradient portion of the dipole magnet to focus the beam for propagation to a downstream target. Embodiments further permit a compact beam system such that a series of magnets can be used to create a path that accommodates shielding to minimize the footprint of the beam system for facilities that may not otherwise support large systems due to space and safety constraints.
Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to controlling beams for use in beam systems. An example method of controlling a travel path of a beam includes propagating a beam along a first path from an entry point of a dipole magnet through a non-gradient portion of the dipole magnet until the beam bends toward a first beam travel path of multiple beam travel paths of the dipole magnet. The example method further includes propagating the beam along the first beam travel path through a gradient portion of the dipole magnet to focus the beam for propagation to a downstream target. Embodiments further permit a compact beam system such that a series of magnets can be used to create a path that accommodates shielding to minimize the footprint of the beam system for facilities that may not otherwise support large systems due to space and safety constraints.
Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to a beam system. An example beam system includes a charged particle source configured to generate a beam of charged particles, a pre-accelerator system configured to accelerate the beam, and an accelerator configured to accelerate the beam from the pre-accelerator system. The pre-accelerator system can cause the beam to converge as it is propagated from the source to an input aperture of the accelerator. The pre-accelerator system can further reduce or eliminate source disturbance or damage caused by backflow traveling from the accelerator toward the source.
Systems and methods directed to improved battery management, motor control, energy storage and battery charging. The systems and methods enable vehicle electrification and provides a paradigm changing platform that enables integration of battery management, charging and motor controls with means to manage regenerative braking, traction and handling. In embodiments, systems and methods are directed to a unified modular battery pack system having a cascaded architecture comprising an integrated combination of a networked low voltage converter/controller with peer-to-peer communication capability, embedded ultra-capacitor or other secondary energy storage element, battery management system and serially connected set of individual cells as the fundamental building block.
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
B60L 50/61 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
B60L 58/12 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
B60L 50/40 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
B60L 7/16 - Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles comprising converters between the power source and the motor
H02J 7/14 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
64.
Systems and methods for improved sustainment of a high performance FRC with multi-scaled capture type vacuum pumping
Systems and methods that facilitate forming and maintaining FRCs with superior stability as well as particle, energy and flux confinement and, more particularly, systems and methods that facilitate forming and maintaining FRCs with elevated system energies and improved sustainment utilizing multi-scaled capture type vacuum pumping.
F04B 37/08 - Pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups for evacuating by thermal means by condensing or freezing, e.g. cryogenic pumps
F04B 37/14 - Pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups for special use to obtain high vacuum
H05H 1/14 - Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fieldsArrangements for heating plasma using applied magnetic fields only wherein the containment vessel is straight and has magnetic mirrors
H05H 1/16 - Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fieldsArrangements for heating plasma using applied electric and magnetic fields
65.
Multi-phase module-based energy system frameworks and methods related thereto
A housing and/or installation frameworks for a modular multi-level energy system includes a set of similar cabinets configured for orthogonal (e.g., vertical and horizontal) alignment of the modules. The cabinets are configured so modules of a particular phase are oriented along an axis parallel to a reference plane. Modules of the same level of the multi-level arrangement but of different phases are mounted in each cabinet, arranged such that a module for each phase is a defined distance from the reference plane. The cabinets are arranged equidistant and orthogonal to the reference plane, minimizing distance for connections between modules of the same phase across multiple cabinets, and facilitating convenient addition or removal of levels. The framework also facilitates data and reference signal connections between local control devices of the modules, and between the local control devices and a master control device for the system.
H02M 7/00 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power outputConversion of DC power input into AC power output
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 3/26 - Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
H02M 7/5395 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
H02M 7/49 - Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
66.
Systems, devices, and methods for contaminant resistant insulative structures
Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to an electrode standoff isolator. An example electrode standoff isolator includes a plurality of adjacent insulative segments positioned between a proximal end and a distal end of the electrode standoff isolator. A geometry of the adjacent insulative is configured to guard a surface area of the electrode standoff isolator against deposition of a conductive layer of gaseous phase materials from a filament of an ion source.
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for energy systems having multiple modules arranged in cascaded fashion for storing power from one or more photovoltaic sources. Each module includes an energy source and converter circuitry that selectively couples the energy source to other modules in the system over an AC interface for generating AC power or for receiving and storing power from a charge source. Each module also includes a DC interface for receiving power from one or more photovoltaic sources. Each module can be controlled by control system to route power from the photovoltaic source to that modules energy source or to the AC interface. The energy systems can be arranged in single phase or multiphase topologies with multiple serial or interconnected arrays. The energy systems can be arranged such that each module receives power from the same single photovoltaic source, or multiple photovoltaic sources.
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/06 - Regulation of the charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02J 7/34 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
68.
Systems, devices, and methods for rail-based and other electric vehicles with modular cascaded energy systems
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided for electric vehicles that are subject to intermittent charging, such as rail-based electric vehicles, having one or more modular cascaded energy systems. The one or more modular systems can be configured to supply multiphase, single phase, and/or DC power to numerous motor and auxiliary loads of the EV. If multiple systems or subsystems are present in the EV, they can be interconnected to exchange energy between them in numerous different ways, such as through lines designated for carrying power from the intermittently connected charge source or through the presence of modules interconnected between arrays of the subsystems. The subsystems can be configured as subsystems that supply power for motor loads alone, motor loads in combination with auxiliary loads, and auxiliary loads alone.
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for energy systems having multiple modules arranged in cascaded fashion for storing power from one or more photovoltaic sources. Each module includes an energy source and converter circuitry that selectively couples the energy source to other modules in the system over an AC interface for generating AC power or for receiving and storing power from a charge source. Each module also includes a DC interface for receiving power from one or more photovoltaic sources. Each module can be controlled by control system to route power from the photovoltaic source to that modules energy source or to the AC interface. The energy systems can be arranged in single phase or multiphase topologies with multiple serial or interconnected arrays. The energy systems can be arranged such that each module receives power from the same single photovoltaic source, or multiple photovoltaic sources.
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/06 - Regulation of the charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
70.
Systems, devices, and methods for intraphase and interphase balancing in module-based cascaded energy systems
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided for intraphase and interphase balancing of modular energy systems. The embodiments can be used in a broad variety of mobile and stationary applications in a broad variety of modular cascaded topologies. The embodiments can include the generation of a module status value that is representative of status information collected or determined for the module. The module status value can be an intermediate quantitative representation of the status of each module as it pertains to one or more operating characteristics sought to be balanced by the system. This intermediate quantitative representation can then be used in the generation of a modulation index for the module, which can then be used as part of a larger control technique, such as pulse width modulation, for control and balancing of the system.
B60L 58/12 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
B60L 58/24 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
71.
Systems, devices, and methods for module-based cascaded energy systems configured to interface with renewable energy sources
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for energy systems having multiple modules arranged in cascaded fashion for storing power from one or more photovoltaic sources. Each module includes an energy source and converter circuitry that selectively couples the energy source to other modules in the system over an AC interface for generating AC power or for receiving and storing power from a charge source. Each module also includes a DC interface for receiving power from one or more photovoltaic sources. Each module can be controlled by control system to route power from the photovoltaic source to that modules energy source or to the AC interface. The energy systems can be arranged in single phase or multiphase topologies with multiple serial or interconnected arrays. The energy systems can be arranged such that each module receives power from the same single photovoltaic source, or multiple photovoltaic sources.
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/06 - Regulation of the charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02J 7/34 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
H02M 7/537 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
72.
MATERIALS AND CONFIGURATIONS FOR PROTECTION OF OBJECTIVE MATERIALS
Passivation regions and device configurations are described herein. The passivation regions can be configured to seal against diffusion of an objective material from an underlying region into and/or through the passivation region. The passivation regions can also be configured to seal against diffusion of an externally sourced or ambient substance into and/or through the passivation region towards the underlying region.
Module-based energy systems are provided having multiple converter-source modules. The converter-source modules can each include an energy source and a converter. The systems can further include control circuitry for the modules. The modules can be arranged in various ways to provide single phase AC, multi-phase AC, and/or DC outputs. Each module can be independently monitored and controlled.
B60L 50/60 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
B60L 1/00 - Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of electrically-propelled vehicles
B60L 50/51 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
B60L 58/18 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
B60L 58/26 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/14 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
74.
SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR MODULE-BASED CASCADED ENERGY SYSTEMS CONFIGURED TO INTERFACE WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for energy systems having multiple modules arranged in cascaded fashion for storing power from one or more photovoltaic sources. Each module includes an energy source and converter circuitry that selectively couples the energy source to other modules in the system over an AC interface for generating AC power or for receiving and storing power from a charge source. Each module also includes a DC interface for receiving power from one or more photovoltaic sources. Each module can be controlled by control system to route power from the photovoltaic source to that modules energy source or to the AC interface. The energy systems can be arranged in single phase or multiphase topologies with multiple serial or interconnected arrays. The energy systems can be arranged such that each module receives power from the same single photovoltaic source, or multiple photovoltaic sources.
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for energy systems having multiple modules arranged in cascaded fashion for storing and discharging power. Each module includes an energy source and converter circuitry that selectively couples the energy source to other modules in the system. The modules can be arranged in serial arrays that in turn can be reconfigurably connected for interfacing the system with either an AC entity or a DC entity. Mobile charge stations having reconfigurable arrays are also disclosed.
B60L 53/57 - Charging stations without connection to power networks
H02J 7/02 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
B60L 53/18 - Cables specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
B60L 53/30 - Constructional details of charging stations
76.
SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR MODULE-BASED CASCADED ENERGY SYSTEMS HAVING RECONFIGURABLE ARRAYS
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for energy systems having multiple modules arranged in cascaded fashion for storing and discharging power. Each module includes an energy source and converter circuitry that selectively couples the energy source to other modules in the system. The modules can be arranged in serial arrays that in turn can be reconfigurably connected for interfacing the system with either an AC entity or a DC entity. Mobile charge stations having reconfigurable arrays are also disclosed.
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
77.
SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR FORMING AND MAINTAINING HIGH ENERGY AND TEMPERATURE FRC PLASMA VIA SPHEROMAK MERGING AND NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTION
A high performance field reversed configuration (FRC) system includes a central confinement chamber, two divertor chambers coupled to the chamber, and two diametrically opposed spheromak injectors coupled to the divertor chambers. A magnetic system includes quasi-dc coils axially positioned along the FRC system components.
H05H 1/14 - Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fieldsArrangements for heating plasma using applied magnetic fields only wherein the containment vessel is straight and has magnetic mirrors
G21B 1/05 - Thermonuclear fusion reactors with magnetic or electric plasma confinement
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for controlling source current in systems having two or more energy sources. The source current can be controlled in a manner that seeks balance in one or more operating parameters of the sources while meeting load demand. Examples of operating parameters can include charge, temperature, voltage, state of health, current, and others. Example embodiments are described that utilize a balance factor for each parameter being balanced, where the balance factor can vary with the magnitude of the parameter being balanced. A reference current can be determined that is selected to satisfy the load demand while at the same time taking into account present offset values of the balanced operating parameters between the sources. The embodiments can be applied with the system in either a discharge or a charge state.
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided herein for controlling source current in systems having two or more energy sources. The source current can be controlled in a manner that seeks balance in one or more operating parameters of the sources while meeting load demand. Examples of operating parameters can include charge, temperature, voltage, state of health, current, and others. Example embodiments are described that utilize a balance factor for each parameter being balanced, where the balance factor can vary with the magnitude of the parameter being balanced. A reference current can be determined that is selected to satisfy the load demand while at the same time taking into account present offset values of the balanced operating parameters between the sources. The embodiments can be applied with the system in either a discharge or a charge state.
Module-based energy systems are provided having multiple converter-source modules. The converter-source modules can each include an energy source and a converter. The systems can further include control circuitry for the modules. The modules can be arranged in various ways to provide single phase AC, multi-phase AC, and/or DC outputs. Each module can be independently monitored and controlled.
B60L 50/60 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
B60L 50/51 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
B60L 1/00 - Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of electrically-propelled vehicles
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/14 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
B60L 58/18 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
81.
SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR FORMING AND MAINTAINING HIGH ENERGY AND TEMPERATURE FRC PLASMA VIA NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTION
A high performance field reversed configuration (FRC) system includes a central confinement chamber, divertors coupled to the ends of the chamber, neutral beam injectors positioned about the chamber, and a magnetic system comprising quasi-dc coils axially positioned along the FRC system components.
Passivation regions and device configurations are described herein. The passivation regions can be configured to seal against diffusion of an objective material from an underlying region into and/or through the passivation region. The passivation regions can also be configured to seal against diffusion of an externally sourced or ambient substance into and/or through the passivation region towards the underlying region.
First-wall systems and methods for FRC based aneutronic fusion reactors or photon reactors, and fission or transmutation molten salt reactors that facilitate the management and handling of all aspects of energies, fluxes and particles.
Systems and methods that facilitate forming and maintaining FRCs with superior stability as well as particle, energy and flux confinement and, more particularly, systems and methods that facilitate forming and maintaining FRCs with elevated system energies and improved sustainment utilizing neutral beam injection and high harmonic fast wave electron heating.
Embodiments that provide advanced charging of energy source arrangements for energy storage applications are disclosed. The embodiments can be used within energy storage systems having a cascaded arrangement of converter modules. The embodiments can include the application of pulses to an energy source of each module of the system. The pulses can be applied for a duration sufficient to initiate an electrochemical reaction. Feedback based pulse control embodiments are also disclosed.
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 7/49 - Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
86.
SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR MODULE-BASED CASCADED ENERGY SYSTEMS
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided for energy systems having multiple modules arranged in cascaded fashion for generating and storing power. Each module can include an energy source and switch circuitry that selectively couples the energy source to other modules in the system for generating power or for receiving and storing power from a charge source. The energy systems can be arranged in single phase or multiphase topologies with multiple serial or interconnected arrays. Thermal management systems, switching assemblies, physical layouts of a module, and EV models based on a universal platform are also described.
B60L 50/64 - Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
B60L 58/26 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
H02J 3/34 - Arrangements for transfer of electric power between networks of substantially different frequency
H02M 7/49 - Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
B60L 58/18 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
H01M 10/667 - Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an electronic component, e.g. a CPU, an inverter or a capacitor
H01M 10/6556 - Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
87.
Systems, devices, and methods for module-based cascaded energy systems
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided for energy systems having multiple modules arranged in cascaded fashion for generating and storing power. Each module can include an energy source and switch circuitry that selectively couples the energy source to other modules in the system for generating power or for receiving and storing power from a charge source. The energy systems can be arranged in single phase or multiphase topologies with multiple serial or interconnected arrays. Thermal management systems, switching assemblies, physical layouts of a module, and EV models based on a universal platform are also described.
B60L 50/60 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
B60L 53/16 - Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
88.
Systems and methods for improved sustainment of a high performance FRC with multi-scaled capture type vacuum pumping
Systems and methods that facilitate forming and maintaining FRCs with superior stability as well as particle, energy and flux confinement and, more particularly, systems and methods that facilitate forming and maintaining FRCs with elevated system energies and improved sustainment utilizing multi-scaled capture type vacuum pumping.
F04B 37/08 - Pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups for evacuating by thermal means by condensing or freezing, e.g. cryogenic pumps
F04B 37/14 - Pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups for special use to obtain high vacuum
G21B 1/05 - Thermonuclear fusion reactors with magnetic or electric plasma confinement
G21B 1/15 - Particle injectors for producing thermonuclear fusion reactions, e.g. pellet injectors
G21B 1/19 - Targets for producing thermonuclear fusion reactions
H05H 1/14 - Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fieldsArrangements for heating plasma using applied magnetic fields only wherein the containment vessel is straight and has magnetic mirrors
H05H 1/16 - Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fieldsArrangements for heating plasma using applied electric and magnetic fields
Systems and methods utilizing successive, axially symmetric acceleration and adiabatic compression stages to heat and accelerate two compact tori towards each other and ultimately collide and compress the compact tori within a central chamber. Alternatively, systems and methods utilizing successive, axially asymmetric acceleration and adiabatic compression stages to heat and accelerate a first compact toroid towards and position within a central chamber and to heat and accelerate a second compact toroid towards the central chamber and ultimately collide and merge the first and second compact toroids and compress the compact merge tori within the central chamber.
Systems, devices and methods that facilitate non-intrusive measurement and validation of field-reversal of a core plasma by combining DFSS and blended Zeeman concepts (i.e., sub-Doppler circular dichroism spectroscopy).
Embodiments that provide advanced charging of energy source arrangements for energy storage applications are disclosed. The embodiments can be used within energy storage systems having a cascaded arrangement of converter modules. The embodiments can include the application of pulses to an energy source of each module of the system. The pulses can be applied for charging and preheating purposes. Feedback based pulse control embodiments are also disclosed.
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02M 7/5387 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
Systems and methods that facilitate multilevel hysteresis voltage control methods for cascaded multilevel voltage modulators having a plurality of power cells connected in series and has any positive integer number of output voltage levels to control any unipolar voltage on the load of the voltage modulator, and transfer electrical power from an electrical grid via AC/DC converters or directly from energy storage elements of the power cells to that load. A method of operational rotation of the power cells of a multilevel voltage modulator, which ensures an equal power sharing among the power cells and voltage balancing of the energy storage elements of the power cells of the modulator.
H02M 1/12 - Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
H02M 3/156 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
H03K 17/567 - Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
Module-based energy systems are provided having multiple converter-source modules. The converter-source modules can each include an energy source and a converter. The systems can further include control circuitry for the modules. The modules can be arranged in various ways to provide single phase AC, multi-phase AC, and/or DC outputs. Each module can be independently monitored and controlled.
H02J 7/14 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
B60L 50/60 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
B60L 50/51 - Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
B60L 1/00 - Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of electrically-propelled vehicles
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
B60L 58/18 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
B60L 58/26 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
94.
SYSTEM, DEVICES AND METHODS FOR ELECTRON BEAM FOR PLASMA HEATING
A long-pulse, high power electron beam with plasma emitters for plasma heating. The electron beam includes an arc plasma source, an electron optical system comprised of the system of acceleration grids, a beamline which includes a magnetic system to provide effective e-beam formation, transport and, ultimately, injection into a plasma confinement device of interest, a plasma generator coil, a plasma emitter coil, a lens coil, and a beam transport coil.
Embodiments are provided relating to the exchange of devices or assemblies holding targets used in a beam system. With these embodiments a used target can be rapidly and safely replaced with a new target to permit continued operation in a clinical or other environment. Also provided are embodiments of valves having relatively lower profiles that facilitate engagement and disengagement of beamline sections for access to the target device or assembly. All or a portion of the valve can be part of the target assembly. Also provided are embodiments of storage containers for storing a volatile object, such as an object comprising a composition sensitive to atmospheric air and/or an object that is radioactive. The storage container can include a two-part shell case assembly configured for housing a volatile object between the two parts, which engage one another to form an air-tight seal therebetween.
G21F 5/015 - Transportable or portable shielded containers for storing radioactive sources, e.g. source carriers for irradiation unitsRadioisotope containers
A laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) induced electron beam system for cancer therapy and diagnostics. Example embodiments presented herein include one or more laser fibers, and an electron beam source within an individual one of the one or more laser fibers, wherein the electron beam source includes a laser pulse source, a plasma target, a set of optics interposing the laser pulse source and the plasma target adapted to focus a laser pulse generated by the laser pulse source onto the plasma target, wherein interaction of the laser pulse with the plasma target induces the generation of an electron beam. In various embodiments presented herein, high energy electrons of the electron beam interact with a high-Z material to generate X-rays.
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided for intraphase and interphase balancing of modular energy systems. The embodiments can be used in a broad variety of mobile and stationary applications in a broad variety of modular cascaded topologies. The embodiments can include the generation of a module status value that is representative of status information collected or determined for the module. The module status value can be an intermediate quantitative representation of the status of each module as it pertains to one or more operating characteristics sought to be balanced by the system. This intermediate quantitative representation can then be used in the generation of a modulation index for the module, which can then be used as part of a larger control technique, such as pulse width modulation, for control and balancing of the system.
B60L 58/12 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
B60L 58/10 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
B60L 58/18 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
98.
Multi-phase module-based energy system frameworks and methods related thereto
A housing and/or installation frameworks for a modular multi-level energy system includes a set of similar cabinets configured for orthogonal (e.g., vertical and horizontal) alignment of the modules. The cabinets are configured so modules of a particular phase are oriented along an axis parallel to a reference plane. Modules of the same level of the multi-level arrangement but of different phases are mounted in each cabinet, arranged such that a module for each phase is a defined distance from the reference plane. The cabinets are arranged equidistant and orthogonal to the reference plane, minimizing distance for connections between modules of the same phase across multiple cabinets, and facilitating convenient addition or removal of levels. The framework also facilitates data and reference signal connections between local control devices of the modules, and between the local control devices and a master control device for the system.
A housing and/or installation frameworks for a modular multi-level energy system includes a set of similar cabinets configured for orthogonal (e.g., vertical and horizontal) alignment of the modules. The cabinets are configured so modules of a particular phase are oriented along an axis parallel to a reference plane. Modules of the same level of the multi-level arrangement but of different phases are mounted in each cabinet, arranged such that a module for each phase is a defined distance from the reference plane. The cabinets are arranged equidistant and orthogonal to the reference plane, minimizing distance for connections between modules of the same phase across multiple cabinets, and facilitating convenient addition or removal of levels. The framework also facilitates data and reference signal connections between local control devices of the modules, and between the local control devices and a master control device for the system.
H02J 7/34 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
H02M 7/02 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
H02M 7/66 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power outputConversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal
H02M 7/68 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power outputConversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
H02M 7/86 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power outputConversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by dynamic converters
100.
SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS FOR INTRAPHASE AND INTERPHASE BALANCING IN MODULE-BASED CASCADED ENERGY SYSTEMS
Example embodiments of systems, devices, and methods are provided for intraphase and interphase balancing of modular energy systems. The embodiments can be used in a broad variety of mobile and stationary applications in a broad variety of modular cascaded topologies. The embodiments can include the generation of a module status value that is representative of status information collected or determined for the module. The module status value can be an intermediate quantitative representation of the status of each module as it pertains to one or more operating characteristics sought to be balanced by the system. This intermediate quantitative representation can then be used in the generation of a modulation index for the module, which can then be used as part of a larger control technique, such as pulse width modulation, for control and balancing of the system.
B60L 58/12 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
B60L 58/24 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
