There is described a method for estimating a braking torque of a braking system for vehicles under operating conditions. Such a method comprises a step a) of detecting or calculating a first input quantity and a second input quantity representative of operating conditions of the braking system. The first detected or calculated input quantity comprises a temperature T of a brake disc of the braking system. The second detected or calculated input quantity comprises a quantity depending on a pressure P of the braking system or on a contact pressure PC between friction surfaces of the braking system. The method then includes a step b) of determining, based on said detected or calculated first input quantity and second input quantity, a braking friction coefficient μ representative of the braking friction or efficiency expected under the conditions defined by the detected or calculated values of said first input quantity and second
B60T 17/22 - Devices for monitoring or checking brake systemsSignal devices
B60T 1/06 - Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission
B60T 8/171 - Detecting parameters used in the regulationMeasuring values used in the regulation
B60T 8/172 - Determining control parameters used in the regulation, e.g. by calculations involving measured or detected parameters
F16D 66/00 - Arrangements for monitoring working conditions of brakes, e.g. wear or temperature
A control method for a braking system of a vehicle is provided. The control method involves predetermining a clamping force threshold value detectable by a caliper sensor, identifying a defined caliper stiffness model, estimating a clamping force value using the caliper stiffness model, and generating an actuator control signal based on the estimated clamping force value.
B60T 8/172 - Determining control parameters used in the regulation, e.g. by calculations involving measured or detected parameters
B60T 8/171 - Detecting parameters used in the regulationMeasuring values used in the regulation
B60T 13/74 - Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or driveBrake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
A braking device for a vehicle unusually capable of determining a high heat exchange efficiency may have a disc brake disc with a braking band. The braking band may have two opposite plates. The plates are connected to each other by pins which delimit a ventilation duct with the plates. The disc brake also has a driving bell adapted to connect to a stub axle of a vehicle. In ventilation duct there is at least one radial connection extension which connects the two opposite plates and connects the braking band to the driving bell so that the braking band and the driving bell are in one piece. The at least one radial connecting extension faces with a portion thereof and on both of its circumferentially directed sides on two axial through windows, which are through openings directed in an axial direction and which both communicate with said ventilation duct.
A connecting structure (1) for an electric motor (2) of the type comprising at least one stator (3), extending about a motor axis (15) and comprising at least one three-phase winding (4, 5); a rotor (6), substantially coaxial to the motor axis (15), wherein the connecting structure (1) comprises a plurality of leadframes (7), configured to transmit electric power to the at least one three-phase winding (4, 5); a housing body (8), configured to house at least one of the rotor (6) and the stator (3), and wherein the plurality of leadframes (7) is connected to the housing body (8).
A braking device for a vehicle may have a braking band of a brake disc of a disc brake. Close to the inner band edge at least a first inclined boss protrudes towards the inside of the ventilation duct having a first boss direction forming a first acute angle with the radial direction. Close to the inner band edge at least a second inclined boss protrudes towards the inside of the ventilation duct without reaching the opposite inner surface having a second boss direction forming a second acute angle with the radial direction. The inclination of the second boss direction with respect to the radial direction is opposite to the inclination of the first boss direction with respect to the same radial direction.
Provided is a brake disc for a disc brake having a braking band made of gray cast iron or steel, provided with two opposite braking surfaces, each of which defines at least partially one of two main faces of the brake disc. The brake disc is provided with a base layer composed of a totally nickel-free steel that covers at least one of the two opposite braking surfaces of the braking band. The totally nickel-free steel of the base layer is composed of 10% to 15% chromium (Cr), at most 1% silicon (Si), at most 4% manganese (Mn), 0.16% to 0.5% carbon, and iron (Fe) as a balance.
A grey cast iron may have within a ferrous matrix an amount of carbon between 3.60 and 3.90% by weight; an amount of silicon between 1.40 and 1.90% by weight; an amount of titanium not higher than 0.10% by weight; an amount of manganese between 1.0% and 1.5% by weight; an amount of nickel not higher than 0.20% by weight; an amount of chromium between 0.40% and 1.0% by weight; an amount of copper not higher than 0.35% by weight; an amount of phosphorus not higher than 0.10% by weight; an amount of sulphur not higher than 0.12% by weight; an amount of tin not higher than 0.10% by weight; an amount of molybdenum not higher than 0.10% by weight.
A control system (100) of a braking system for a vehicle is described comprising a braking control element (102), operable by means of a body part (P) of a driver, and a braking means (104). The control system (100) comprises proximity sensor means (106) arranged to acquire proximity data of said body part (P) with respect to the braking control element (102) and electronic control means (108) arranged to: - cause said braking system to perform a first predetermined braking preparation or braking assistance function, when said sensor means determine that the distance (d) between the body part of the driver and the braking control element (102) is less than or equal to a predetermined distance threshold and the approach speed is less than a predetermined speed threshold; - cause said braking system to perform a second predetermined braking preparation or braking assistance function, different from the first predetermined braking preparation or braking assistance function, when said sensor means determine that the distance (d) between the body part (P) of the driver and the braking control element (102) is less than or equal to the predetermined distance threshold and the approach speed is greater than or equal to the predetermined speed threshold. Also described are a braking system, a vehicle and a control method.
B60T 1/06 - Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission
B60T 7/04 - Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot-actuated
B60T 7/08 - Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation hand-actuated
9.
LINEAR ACTUATING DEVICE OF A BRAKE CALIPER AND BRAKE CALIPER WITH SAID DEVICE
A linear actuating device for a brake caliper adapted to bias at least one brake pad to abut against a braking surface of a brake disc is provided. The linear actuating device has a motor having a rotating drive shaft and a stator. The rotating drive shaft has a tubular body forming an inner drive shaft chamber. The rotating drive shaft is directly and operatively connected to a harmonic transmission. The harmonic transmission is directly and operatively connected to a rotary-to-linear motion conversion device adapted to transform a rotary motion into a linear motion. The rotary-to-linear motion conversion device is adapted to bias the least one brake pad to abut against the braking surface along an axial direction and is at least partially accommodated inside the inner drive shaft chamber.
F16D 55/226 - Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially
F16D 65/18 - Actuating mechanisms for brakesMeans for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together
A system for managing the electric power flow in battery packs of an electric or hybrid vehicle may have an electronic control unit of the vehicle, the electronic control unit being configured to be operatively connected to at least one first electric motor of a braking/driving system of the vehicle operatively connected to at least one first axle of the vehicle, the electronic control unit being configured to control the at least one first electric motor. The system may also have a power management unit operatively connected to the electronic control unit, the power management unit being configured to be operatively connected to the at least one first electric motor.
B60L 58/12 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
B60L 58/18 - Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
B60W 20/13 - Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limitsControlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
A grey cast iron may have within a ferrous matrix: an amount of carbon between 3.60 and 3.90% by weight; an amount of silicon between 1.40 and 1.90% by weight; an amount of titanium not higher than 0.10% by weight; an amount of boron between 0.04 and 0.07% by weight; an amount of vanadium between 0.07 and 0.14% by weight; an amount of manganese between 0.60% and 0.90% by weight; an amount of nickel not higher than 0.20% by weight; an amount of chromium not higher than 0.35% by weight; an amount of copper not higher than 0.35% by weight; an amount of phosphorus not higher than 0.10% by weight; an amount of sulphur not higher than 0.12% by weight; an amount of tin not higher than 0.10% by weight; an amount of molybdenum not higher than 0.10% by weight.
A method for detecting and providing information representative of particulate emissions of a braking system of a vehicle involves acquiring, by a portable electronic device, identification data of the vehicle entered by a driver, acquiring, by a plurality of sensors, driving data of the vehicle, storing in a memory module, by a data processing module, the acquired driving data as a first time series of points, sending to a remote computer the driving data, and performing a first processing of the received driving data to determine a representation of the driving data as a second time series of points. The method further involves determining a value of a first physical magnitude and a value of a second physical magnitude of the braking system, determining one or more values representative of the particulate emission and providing the driver with the determined one or more values representative of the particulate emission.
G07C 5/08 - Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle, or waiting time
G07C 5/00 - Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
13.
A METHOD FOR AUTOMATICALLY DETECTING, BY MEANS OF COMPUTERIZED PROCESSING, OF THERMAL INFORMATION ABOUT A SURFACE OF A BRAKE DISC UNDER DYNAMIC OPERTING CONDITIONS
A method for automatically detecting, by means of computerized processing, information about temperature evolution and/or about location/distribution of hot spots and/or bands and/or zones on the surface of a brake disc under dynamic operating conditions. The method includes the steps of acquiring a plurality of digital images and/or a digital video, obtaining a representation of each of the digital images and/or digital video frames in the form of matrix data, on which to perform a processing by means of algorithms comprising image analysis or “computer vision” algorithms, to obtain and provide information about temperature evolution and/or about location/distribution of hot spots and/or bands and/or zones on the zone of interest of the surface of a brake disc.
B60T 17/22 - Devices for monitoring or checking brake systemsSignal devices
F16D 66/00 - Arrangements for monitoring working conditions of brakes, e.g. wear or temperature
G01J 5/00 - Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
G06V 10/25 - Determination of region of interest [ROI] or a volume of interest [VOI]
G06V 10/26 - Segmentation of patterns in the image fieldCutting or merging of image elements to establish the pattern region, e.g. clustering-based techniquesDetection of occlusion
A method for controlling a braking system of a vehicle for the distribution of braking torques for service braking. The method may include receiving, by an electronic control unit, a request to apply a braking torque during a braking time interval. The method may also include enabling, in the braking time interval, by the electronic control unit a first and/or second electrical actuation signal of first and/or second brake calipers. Braking torques may be applied when the signals are enabled. For each instant of the braking time interval, an amplitude of the braking torque required for service braking is equal to the sum of a first amplitude of the first braking torque and a second amplitude of the second braking torque.
B60T 8/26 - Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels
B60T 8/17 - Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
B60T 8/171 - Detecting parameters used in the regulationMeasuring values used in the regulation
B60T 8/172 - Determining control parameters used in the regulation, e.g. by calculations involving measured or detected parameters
The present invention relates to a primary gasket 1 for a cylinder assembly 100, wherein the primary gasket 1 comprises an annular body 2 extending circumferentially at least along a circumferential direction C-C about an axial direction X-X, wherein said primary gasket 1 defines a radial direction R-R perpendicular to said axial direction X-X and said circumferential direction C-C, wherein said annular body 2 is configured to be housed in a primary gasket seat 105, wherein the primary gasket seat 105 is delimited radially by an axial seat wall 107 and axially by a first radial seat wall 108 and a second radial seat wall 109 connected, for example as an undercut, to said axial seat wall 107, wherein said annular body 2 comprises an inner lip 4, an outer lip 6, and a back portion 3, wherein the back portion 3 comprises a back abutment surface 13 configured to abut against the first radial seat wall 108 of said primary gasket seat 105, wherein the inner lip 4 and the outer lip 6 extend axially from the back portion 3, on the opposite side of the back abutment surface 13, radially spaced apart from each other, wherein the inner lip 4 comprises an inner lip surface 19 configured to form a seal with said float 102, wherein the outer lip 6 comprises an outer lip surface 20 configured to form a seal with said axial seat wall 107, wherein the inner lip 4 comprises an annular root 14 extending axially between said back portion 3 and a root edge 15, wherein the inner lip 4 comprises a plurality of protuberances 9, 10, wherein each protuberance 9, 10 projects axially from said root edge 15, wherein the gasket 1 delimits a plurality of channels 5, 7 extending on the back portion 3 and at least partially on the outer lip 6, avoiding abutting against the first radial seat wall 108 of said primary gasket seat 105 and against said axial seat wall 107, respectively, wherein each protuberance 9, 10 is circumferentially offset with respect to each channel 5, 7, so that each gasket section passing through the axial direction X-X and the radial direction R-R, which crosses any protuberance 9, 10 of the plurality of protuberances 9, 10, avoids crossing any channel 5, 7 of the plurality of channels 5, 7.
F16J 15/3236 - Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings with at least one lip having two or more lips with at least one lip for each surface, e.g. U-cup packings
F16J 15/56 - Other sealings for reciprocating rods
F15B 15/14 - Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to anotherGearing associated therewith characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
17.
DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE CLAMPING FORCE OF A BRAKE CALIPER AND CONTROL SYSTEM OF A BRAKING SYSTEM
A device for detecting a clamping force of a brake caliper of a vehicle braking system is provided. The device has a force sensor, a force transmitting element suitable for transmitting the clamping force exerted by the brake caliper to the force sensor, and a mechanical limit stop element. The force transmitting element is movable when subjected to the clamping force exerted by the brake caliper. The force sensor is configured to measure the clamping force up to a sensor force threshold value that is lower than a maximum clamping force exertable by the brake caliper. The mechanical limit stop element is configured to be engaged by the force transmitting element when the clamping force exceeds the sensor force threshold value.
B60T 17/22 - Devices for monitoring or checking brake systemsSignal devices
F16D 66/00 - Arrangements for monitoring working conditions of brakes, e.g. wear or temperature
G01L 5/28 - Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for testing brakes
The present invention relates to an assembly (1) of caliper body (2) and brake pads (3, 4). Said caliper body (2) comprises two pockets (5, 6) which receive the pads (3, 4). The caliper body (2) comprises two elongated elements (201, 202) and at least one central bridge (203) which crosses the two pockets (5, 6). Each brake pad (3, 4) comprises a support plate (11, 12) and friction material (13, 14) of predetermined radial extension (MAR). Each support plate (11, 12) comprises a support plate edge (17) having an upper edge portion (18). Each support plate (11, 12) comprises at least one protuberance (19, 20) which projects from said upper edge portion (18) and is hook-shaped defining a plate sliding surface (21) indirectly facing said rotation axis (X-X). Each support plate (11, 12) comprises at least one pad support surface (22) arranged substantially orthogonal to said circumferential direction (C-C) which extends over at least half of the predetermined radial extension (MAR) of said friction material (13, 14). Said central bridge (203) comprises at least two central bridge protuberances (23) separated by a central bridge window (27) which form caliper body sliding surfaces (24) which face said plate sliding surfaces (21). The caliper body (2) comprises at least two caliper support surfaces (25, 26) which face said pad support surfaces (22).
F16D 55/00 - Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
F16D 55/226 - Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially
F16D 65/097 - Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members
The present invention is related to a vehicle, in particular an electric vehicle comprising an electric powertrain, the vehicle comprising at least one energy storage unit, for storing energy for driving at least a part of the vehicle, at least one vehicle throttle control, for controlling a throttle power demand and at least a portion of a braking power demand, at least one braking system, the at least one braking system comprising a friction braking system and a regenerative braking system, configured for providing the braking power demand to the vehicle, at least one control unit, directly or indirectly communicatively connected to the at least one braking system, wherein the at least one control unit is configured for allocating, in particular dynamically allocating, at least a portion of the braking power demand. The present invention is further related to a method for brake blending in particular for a vehicle according to the invention.
A braking fluid reservoir (1), comprising a receptacle (2), wherein the receptacle (2) forms an inner compartment (3) for containing the braking fluid, wherein the receptacle (2) comprises an outlet conduit (4) and an inlet conduit (5) fluidly connected to the inner compartment (3), wherein the outlet conduit (4) is connectable to a braking system, and wherein the receptacle (2) is a one-piece body made by additive manufacturing or 3D printing.
A friction material, a corresponding disc brake pad, and a braking system having the pad, in which the so-called “creep groan” phenomenon is suppressed or significantly mitigated. The material may be a graphite-free friction material having from 20 to 30% by volume of one or more abrasives, from 10 to 20% by volume of coke, up to 10% by volume of one or more metal sulfides, up to 20% by volume of one or more metals and/or metal alloys and/or intermetallic compounds in powder form, up to 40% by volume of a fibrous material comprising aramid fiber and steel fiber, from 10 to 20% by volume of phenolic resin as a binder and up to 10% by volume of one or more fillers that may be: calcium hydroxide, friction powder, PTFE, and fluorite.
F16D 55/02 - Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
F16D 65/092 - Bands, shoes or padsPivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
F16D 69/00 - Friction liningsAttachment thereofSelection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
A caliper and support assembly has a brake caliper having a caliper body, and a supporting structure connected to the caliper body and having a first fixing portion and a second fixing portion for connecting with a vehicle, and a connecting portion for connecting the caliper body to the first fixing portion along a direction parallel to an axial direction or a direction parallel to a radial direction. The connecting portion allows a free movement of the caliper body relative to the supporting structure along a predetermined direction incident to the axial and radial directions or to directions parallel thereto. A constraining element connects the caliper body to the second fixing portion preventing the free movement of the caliper body and during a braking action elastically deforms determining a displacement of the caliper body relative to the supporting structure. A detecting device detects the displacement of the caliper body.
F16D 55/228 - Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a separate actuating member for each side
F16D 55/00 - Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
F16D 66/00 - Arrangements for monitoring working conditions of brakes, e.g. wear or temperature
A braking system (1 ), comprising a braking feel simulator device (2) and a brake pedal (3) operatively connected to the braking feel simulator device (2), wherein the braking system (1 ) comprises at least a first body (4) and a second body (5), mechanically connected to each other so that the actuating force applied by the driver to the brake pedal (3) is transferred between the first body (4) and the second body (5), wherein the braking system (1 ) comprises a signaling and detection system (6) comprising a haptic feedback actuator (7), a sensor (8), and a transmission element (9) configured to transmit the haptic feedback generated by the haptic feedback actuator (7) to the sensor (8) and/or to transfer the actuating force applied by the driver to the brake pedal (3) between the first body (4) and the second body (5), wherein the haptic feedback actuator (7) and the transmission element (9) are positioned at the first body (4), while the sensor (8) is positioned at the second body (5), wherein the transmission element (9) leads from the first body (4) and is positioned to abut against the sensor (8) so as to define a clearance (10) between the first body (4) and the second body (5), wherein the braking system (1 ) comprises connecting means (12) to connect the first body (4) to the second body (5), wherein the braking system (1 ) comprises damping means (1 1 ), positioned interposed between the first body (4) and the second body (5) and configured to damp movements or vibrations transmissible, through the connecting means (12), between the first body (4) and the second body (5).
B60T 7/04 - Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot-actuated
B60T 13/66 - Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
B60T 13/68 - Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
B60T 13/74 - Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or driveBrake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
The present invention is related to a vehicle, in particular an electric vehicle comprising an electric powertrain and at least one, preferably electric, energy storage unit, comprising a one-pedal driving system, comprising at least one vehicle throttle control, for controlling a throttle power and at least a part of a braking power of the vehicle, at least one braking system, configured for providing a braking power to the vehicle, wherein said braking power is at least partially based on a braking power demand signal, wherein said braking power demand signal is determined based on an integral of at least one measured variable of the vehicle throttle control. The invention is further related to a method for single throttle driving of a vehicle, and a regenerative braking system to achieve an extended range by minimizing energy consumption, or minimize tyre wear or minimize brake wear or minimize particle emission from tyre or minimize particle emission from brake or any combination thereof.
B60L 15/20 - Methods, circuits or devices for controlling the propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles, e.g. their traction-motor speed, to achieve a desired performanceAdaptation of control equipment on electrically-propelled vehicles for remote actuation from a stationary place, from alternative parts of the vehicle or from alternative vehicles of the same vehicle train for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
A braking system (1 ) for a vehicle comprising a braking feel simulator device (2) and a brake pedal (3), wherein the brake pedal (3) is operatively connected to the braking feel simulator device (2), wherein the braking system (1 ) is configured so that an actuation force applied to the brake pedal (3) by a driver corresponds to a reaction force applied by the braking feel simulator device (2) on the brake pedal (3) against an actuation of the brake pedal (3), wherein the braking system (1 ) comprises a signaling and detection system (4), comprising an interface device (8), configured to be operable or touchable by the driver while driving the vehicle; a haptic feedback actuator (5), configured to transmit a haptic feedback to the interface device (8); a sensor (6), configured to detect parameters related to the braking system (1), including the haptic feedback transmitted by the haptic feedback actuator (5) to the interface device (8).
B60T 7/04 - Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot-actuated
B60T 13/66 - Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
B60T 13/68 - Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
B60T 13/74 - Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or driveBrake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
Arrangement for a linear magnet for electronically assisted braking systems The present invention relates to a magnet housing device (140) for a linear position sensor installed on a sliding element in a longitudinal direction (Y), comprising : - a magnet housing body (145) with a first surface extending along said longitudinal direction (Y) and a second surface extending along said longitudinal direction (Y) opposite to the first surface; - a threaded bushing ( 143 ) projecting from said second surface; wherein the threaded bushing (143) has an outer bushing surface with a poka-yoke element (142), as well as a cylindrical opening (144a) in a direction perpendicular to said longitudinal direction (Y), said cylindrical opening (144a) having an inner thread. The present invention further relates to a foot brake which uses the magnet housing device (140) according to the invention.
B60T 7/04 - Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot-actuated
B60T 7/12 - Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiationBrake-action initiating means for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
B60T 17/22 - Devices for monitoring or checking brake systemsSignal devices
G01D 5/14 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing memberMeans for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for convertingTransducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
The present invention relates to a brake master cylinder and pedal simulator assembly (1) for a braking system (100) of the brake-by-wire type, said assembly (1) being configured to be connected to a brake pedal or lever (101), said assembly (1) comprising : - a brake master cylinder (2), wherein the brake master cylinder (2) comprises at least one float (4) and a cylinder (5), wherein the cylinder (5) defines a cavity or housing compartment 6) adapted to contain a working fluid, wherein the at least one float (4) is movable in the cavity (6) at least by the actuation of the brake pedal (101), wherein the cylinder (5) delimits a feeding port (7) configured to connect the cavity (6) to at least one reservoir (10) adapted to contain a working fluid supply; wherein the cylinder (5) defines an outlet port (8) configured to fluidly connect the cavity (6) to at least one braking device (102), for example through a primary branch (103) along which an electrically actuatable on-off valve (104) is arranged to fluidly connect the brake master cylinder (2) to the at least one braking device (102) in a selective manner, wherein the float (4) is configured to move forward over an idle float stroke XI shutting the feeding port (7) and defining a pressure chamber (11) in said cavity (6) with said cylinder (5), wherein the assembly (1) further comprises - a braking feel simulator device (3) comprising at least one absorber (12), wherein the absorber (12) is configured to apply a reaction force on the brake pedal (101) against an actuation of the brake pedal (101, wherein the at least one absorber (12) is integrated into said brake master cylinder (2), wherein the absorber (12) is adapted to be connected to the brake pedal (101), wherein the absorber (12) is interposed between said float (4) and said brake pedal (101), wherein, against the actuation of the brake pedal (3), the absorber (12) is configured to bias the float (4) moving forward over at least said idle float stroke XI in said cylinder (5) until it pressurizes the working fluid in said pressure chamber (11), and the braking feel simulator device (3) is configured to dampen the actuation of the brake pedal (101) keeping the working fluid in said pressure chamber (11) pressurized.
B60T 7/04 - Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot-actuated
B60T 8/40 - Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
B60T 13/68 - Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
29.
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE DISTRIBUTION OF BRAKING FORCES IN A BRAKING SYSTEM OF A VEHICLE TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE NOISE AND/OR VIBRATIONS
The invention relates to a method for controlling a braking system of a vehicle for distributing braking forces on at least one piston of a disc brake caliper of the vehicle. The method is performed by a braking system control system. The method comprises the steps of:
receiving, by the control system, a request for applying a braking force following a braking action applied on a pedal/button of the braking system;
applying the required braking force to the at least one piston;
detecting a current characteristic frequency information of the braking system by means of at least one sensor operationally associated with the braking system, this characteristic frequency is representative of current noises and/or vibrations associated with the braking system;
comparing this detected current characteristic frequency information with a reference characteristic frequency representative of a critical operating condition of the braking system;
if the detected current characteristic frequency information of the braking system is equal to the reference characteristic frequency, the method further comprises the step of:
applying to the at least one piston of a disc brake caliper of the vehicle an additional braking force generated by superimposing a force signal having a time-variable amplitude on said requested braking force.
B60T 8/173 - Eliminating or reducing the effect of unwanted signals, e.g. due to vibrations or electrical noise
B60T 8/171 - Detecting parameters used in the regulationMeasuring values used in the regulation
B60T 8/172 - Determining control parameters used in the regulation, e.g. by calculations involving measured or detected parameters
30.
METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING AND CHARACTERIZING, BY MEANS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, SURFACE DEFECTS ON AN OBJECT AND CRACKS ON BRAKES DISCS SUBJECTED TO FATIGUE TESTS
A method for identifying and characterizing surface defects on an object is described. Such a method comprises the steps of acquiring at least one digital image of the object or a part of the object on which the surface defects must be identified; then, providing the aforesaid at least one acquired digital image to an algorithm trained by means of artificial intelligence and/or machine learning techniques; then, identifying one or more surface defects present in the at least one acquired digital image, by means of said trained algorithm, and generating digital information related to each identified surface defect. The method then provides determining, for each identified surface defect, at least one respective dimensional parameter, representative of at least one dimension of the surface defect, and at least one respective positional parameter, representative of a position of the surface defect with respect to a reference point or line present in the image or to a two-dimensional spatial coordinate system associated with the aforesaid reference point or line. The aforesaid determining step is performed through a further processing of the aforesaid digital information, by electronic processing means. A method for identifying and characterizing cracks on a brake disc is also described.
G06V 20/70 - Labelling scene content, e.g. deriving syntactic or semantic representations
31.
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE DISTRIBUTION OF BRAKING FORCES IN A BRAKING SYSTEM OF A VEHICLE TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE NOISE AND/OR VIBRATIONS GENERATED IN THE SYSTEM
The invention relates to a method for controlling a braking system of a vehicle for distributing braking forces on at least one first and at least one second pistons of a disc brake caliper of the vehicle. The method is performed by a braking system control system for brake force distribution. The method comprises the steps of:
receiving a request for applying a braking force following a braking action applied on a pedal/button of the braking system;
receiving a first plurality of parameters associated with the braking system each representative of a current operating condition of the braking system;
comparing each received parameter of said first plurality of parameters with a respective critical range for the reference parameters of a second plurality of parameters representative of a critical operating condition of the braking system; if at least one of the parameters of the first plurality of parameters equals the respective reference parameter of the second plurality of parameters, the method comprises the steps of:
applying the first braking force to the at least one first piston of the caliper of disc brake,
applying a second braking force to the at least one second piston of the caliper of disc brake,
wherein the sum of the first and the second braking forces is equal to the requested braking force and a ratio between the first and the second braking forces is different from 1;
if each of the parameters of the first plurality of parameters differs from the respective reference parameter of the second plurality of parameters, the method comprises the steps of:
applying a third braking force equal to half the requested braking force to both the at least one first and the at least one second pistons of the disc brake caliper.
B60T 8/58 - Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration responsive to speed and another condition or to plural speed conditions
B60T 8/171 - Detecting parameters used in the regulationMeasuring values used in the regulation
B60T 8/172 - Determining control parameters used in the regulation, e.g. by calculations involving measured or detected parameters
32.
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING WHEEL SLIP WITH MIXING OF THE DISSIPATIVE BRAKING TORQUE AND THE REGENERATIVE BRAKING TORQUE IN A BRAKING SYSTEM WITH B-B-W TECHNOLOGY OF A VEHICLE
A method for controlling wheel slip in a braking system of a vehicle involves receiving, by a wheel slip control sub-module of a wheel slip main control module a first plurality of input information, determining, by the wheel slip control sub-module, a braking torque request to be applied to a corner of the vehicle and a braking torque control component, providing the braking torque request, the braking torque control component, and an enabled wheel slip control confirmation value, to a braking regeneration sub-module of the main wheel slip control module, receiving, by the braking regeneration sub-module, a second plurality of input information, and determining a regenerative braking torque command as a function of the braking torque request or of the braking torque control component, based on a status of an enabling input signal. The braking regeneration sub-module determines a dissipative braking torque command as a function of the braking torque request and of the regenerative braking torque command.
A method for identifying and characterizing noises generated by a vehicle braking system is described. The method first comprises the steps of detecting noises generated by a vehicle braking system under dynamic operating conditions and generating digital audio data representative of the detected noise. The method then provides analyzing the aforesaid digital audio data by a noise analyzer, to identify potential squeal events and respective likely squeal frequencies, and generating squeal frequency information indicative of the squeal frequencies of the identified potential squeal events. The method then comprises the steps of filtering the aforesaid digital audio data by means of high-pass filtering to eliminate spectral components at frequencies lower than a filtering frequency, to generate filtered digital audio data; and generating, based on the filtered digital audio data, a respective spectrogram, which represents, in graphical form, information present in the filtered digital audio data, comprising the sound signal intensity, as a function of time and frequency. The method then involves providing the aforesaid spectrogram and the aforesaid squeal frequency information to a trained algorithm, wherein the algorithm was trained using artificial intelligence and/or machine learning techniques. The method also provides identifying noise events, by the trained algorithm, based on the above spectrogram and squeal frequency information, classifying the identified noise events and finally providing information about the identified noise events, each characterized by the respective category. The aforesaid classification step involves a classification according to at least the following categories: a first category comprising noises to be detected generated by the characteristic dynamic operation of the braking system; and a second category comprising abnormal noises, generated by operational or test anomalies.
G07C 5/08 - Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle, or waiting time
34.
METHOD FOR OBTAINING INFORMATION ON THE WEAR CONDITION OF A VEHICLE BRAKING SYSTEM
The invention relates to a method (500) for obtaining information on the wear condition of a braking system (100; 200; 300; 400) of a vehicle. The braking system comprises: - at least one hydraulic (1, 3) or electro-hydraulic (4) actuator of a disc brake (2), - at least one electronic processing unit (10, 10', 20, 20', 20a) connected to such at least one hydraulic or electro-hydraulic actuator for receiving data representative of a measurement of the pressure (p) of the brake master cylinder and a measurement of the stroke (x) of the brake master cylinder actuated by the actuator during a braking detection time interval associated with each braking event. The method comprises the steps of: - providing (501), to the at least one electronic processing unit, a parametric function (f) representative of a current condition of the braking system; such a parametric function is adapted to describe a relationship between the stroke of the brake master cylinder and the braking pressure applied by the brake master cylinder, as a function of one or more coefficients (θ0, …,θn); - detecting (502), by a supervisor block (21) of the at least one electronic processing unit, one or more braking samples in a braking detection time interval, for enabling an estimation block (22) of the at least one electronic processing unit following the detection of each braking sample; - receiving (503), by the estimation block, a first pressure measurement (pi) of the brake master cylinder and a first stroke measurement (xi) of the brake master cylinder during each braking sample of the one or more braking samples; - estimating (504), by the estimation block, a plurality of first parametric function coefficients (θi0, …, θin) associated with each braking sample based on such a first pressure measurement of the brake master cylinder and first stroke measurement of the brake master cylinder; - enabling (505), by the supervisor block, a filtering block (23) of the at least one electronic processing unit at the end of the braking detection time interval; - filtering (506), by the filtering block, the plurality of first coefficients associated with each braking sample to generate a plurality of second filtered coefficients (θ'0, …,θ'n) provided to the supervisor block; - validating (507), by the supervisor block (21), said second filtered coefficients to generate validated coefficients (VC1, …, VCn) defining a first parametric function (f') representative of 35 the condition of the braking system following the aforesaid braking detection time interval; - sending (508) the validated coefficients to a wear estimation block (24) of the at least one electronic processing unit to generate first information (WI) representative of a wear condition of the friction material of the braking system.
B60T 8/88 - Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means
B60T 17/22 - Devices for monitoring or checking brake systemsSignal devices
B60T 7/04 - Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot-actuated
A method for manufacturing a brake pad preform for disc brakes is provided. The method involves preparing a thermosetting mixture by mixing a polymer resin in liquid form or particle powder form and ceramic particles in powder form, combining the thermosetting mixture with a carbonaceous material composed of carbon fibers to obtain a molding compound, molding the molding compound by compaction and heat treatment to obtain a crude preform, and subjecting the crude preform to a pyrolysis treatment to obtain the brake pad preform. A brake pad preform or a brake pad obtained by the manufacturing method is composed of a carbon-carbon composite composed of a matrix of carbonaceous material and carbon fibers in which the ceramic particles are uniformly dispersed in the matrix of carbonaceous material.
B32B 5/02 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by structural features of a layer comprising fibres or filaments
B32B 5/26 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer also being fibrous or filamentary
C04B 35/626 - Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches
A brake caliper arranged straddling a braking band of a brake disc has first braking surface and second braking surface and a caliper body having a first caliper body portion facing the first braking surface, a second caliper body portion facing the second braking surface, and a bridge connecting the first and second caliper body portions. An outer caliper body surface faces away from the braking band. At least one of the first and second caliper body portions accommodates a thrust element. A light lamella protruding from the outer caliper body surface has a plate having two opposite plate surfaces, and plate edges. The plate has a predefined plate thickness and a side edge directed at the caliper body. The light lamella has a lighting body having a light source and transmitting, when activated, light radiation into the plate thickness so that the light radiation is distributed by the two opposite plate surfaces and/or the plate edges.
A lever assembly for a lever device having a master cylinder body having cylinder walls delimiting a cavity or cylinder, and a float or piston having a piston bottom defining a pressure chamber. A supply channel puts the pressure chamber in communication with a fluid tank. The piston bottom is movable between an end-of-stroke position, in which a volume of the pressure chamber is maximum, and a first working position, in which the piston bottom fluidly isolates the pressure chamber from the supply channel. The lever has a primary lever connectable to the float or piston and an elastic return element having a first elastic return element winding, a first arm, and a second arm. A primary lever body defines a primary lever recessed housing or seat to accommodate the elastic return element and has a first primary lever connecting element having a coupling portion to couple the second arm.
A lever device has a master cylinder body having cylinder walls delimiting a cavity or cylinder, a float or piston and a lever assembly having a primary lever having a primary lever thrust portion, a secondary lever or hub connected to the float or piston and having a secondary lever counter-abutment portion. The primary lever rotates between a primary lever resting position, and at least one primary lever actuation position. The lever assembly has an elastic return element configured to elastically bias the primary lever to the primary lever resting position. The secondary lever or hub is operatively connectable to a combined braking mechanism actuatable by a combined action lever. An elastic relative-load element connected to the primary lever and/or the secondary lever or hub applies an elastic spacing action which opposes an approach of the secondary lever counter-abutment portion to the primary lever thrust portion. or vice versa.
B62L 3/02 - Brake-actuating mechanismsArrangements thereof for control by a hand lever
G05G 5/05 - Means for returning or tending to return controlling members to an inoperative or neutral position, e.g. by providing return springs or resilient end-stops
39.
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A FORCE REPRESENTATIVE OF A PARKING BRAKING OF A VEHICLE AND SYSTEM THEREOF
A method for controlling a force representative of a parking braking of a vehicle, having the steps of: determining, by a data processing unit, a target value of a force representative of a parking braking of the vehicle to be applied, by a first brake caliper,
on a first brake disc on the basis of a value of the gradient of the road on which the vehicle is located; determining, by the data processing unit, a value of a first force contribution representative of a service braking of the vehicle applied by a first hydraulic actuator on the first brake disc;
determining, by the data processing unit, a value of a second force contribution representative of the parking braking of the vehicle to be applied, by a second electromechanical actuator, on the first brake disc on the basis of a target value of a force representative of a parking braking of the vehicle which can be applied by the first brake caliper on the first brake disc, and of the determined value of the first force contribution representative of a service braking of the vehicle; operating, by the data processing unit, the second electromechanical actuator to apply the determined value of the second force contribution representative of the parking braking of the vehicle on the first brake disc.
B60T 8/17 - Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
B60T 1/06 - Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission
B60T 8/171 - Detecting parameters used in the regulationMeasuring values used in the regulation
B60T 8/172 - Determining control parameters used in the regulation, e.g. by calculations involving measured or detected parameters
B60T 13/12 - Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or driveBrake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
B60T 13/66 - Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
B60T 13/74 - Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or driveBrake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
A brake caliper (1) for a disc brake (2), comprising a housing body (3) adapted to be arranged straddling a brake disc (4), said brake caliper (1) comprising a first pad (5) and a second opposite pad (6) connected to the housing body (3), wherein the first pad (5) and the second pad (6) are spaced apart and delimit a disc space to accommodate a brake disc (4), wherein the brake caliper (1) comprises an electric motor (8) and a transmission system (9), and wherein the transmission system (9) is configured to transmit a mechanical power generated by the electric motor (8) to the first pad (5) and the second pad (6), wherein the transmission system (9) comprises a first actuation device (10) and a second actuation device (11), wherein the first actuation device (10) is placed at the first pad (5), and it is configured to actuate the first pad (5) approaching to or receding from the brake disc (4), wherein the second actuation device (11) is placed at the second pad (6), and it is configured to actuate the second pad (6) approaching to or receding from the brake disc (4), wherein the first actuation device (10) comprises a first threaded wall (12) forming a first thread (19), the second actuation device (11) comprises a second threaded wall (33) forming a second thread (21), and wherein the first thread (19) is opposite to the second thread (21).
F16D 55/228 - Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a separate actuating member for each side
F16D 65/092 - Bands, shoes or padsPivots or supporting members therefor for axially-engaging brakes, e.g. disc brakes
F16D 65/18 - Actuating mechanisms for brakesMeans for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together
Electro-actuated disc brake caliper (1), wherein said caliper (1) comprises a caliper body (2); said caliper body (2) is adapted to straddle a brake disc (3) having a rotation axis (X-X) defining an axial direction (A-A), a radial direction (R-R) orthogonal to said axial direction (A-A), and a circumferential direction (C-C) orthogonal to both said axial (A-A) and radial (R-R) directions, wherein said brake disc (3) comprises first and second opposite braking surfaces (4, 5); said caliper body (2) comprises a first wheel-side elongated element (6) adapted to face said first braking surface (4); said caliper body (2) comprises a second vehicle-side elongated element (7) adapted to face said second braking surface (5); said caliper body (2) comprises at least one connecting bridge (8, 26) joining said first wheel-side elongated element (6) to said second vehicle-side elongated element (7) passing over said brake disc (3); at least one of said first and second elongated elements (6, 7) comprises at least one thrust seat (9) for accommodating thrust means (10), wherein said thrust seat (9) comprises a thrust seat extension direction (TS) substantially parallel to said axial direction (A-A); wherein said thrust means (10) comprise at least one mechanical movement device (11) adapted to be operated by an electric motor (12) for sliding a thrust device (21) in said thrust seat to abut against a brake pad (13, 14) arranged between said thrust means (10) and said facing braking surface (4, 5) of the brake disc (3); wherein said at least one of said first and second elongated elements (6, 7) comprises at least one additional second motor seat (15); and wherein said at least one additional second motor seat (15) accommodates at least said electric motor (12); wherein said electric motor (12) is operatively connected to said mechanical movement device (11) for the controlled operation of said at least one mechanical movement device (11); wherein said at least one additional second motor seat (15) extends along a motor seat direction (MS) which is transverse to said thrust seat extension direction (TS).
F16D 55/22 - Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
F16D 65/18 - Actuating mechanisms for brakesMeans for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together
42.
SIMULATION SYSTEM FOR SIMULATING A BRAKING SYSTEM, IN PARTICULAR FOR GAMING APPLICATIONS, AND RELATED GAMING SYSTEM
The present invention relates to a simulation system (100) for simulating a braking system, in particular for gaming pplications, comprising a mechanical lever (110) rotatably connected (115) to a base surface (180) and operatable by a user to apply a braking force, a hydraulic pump (120) containing a hydraulic fluid configured to be pressurized by a piston (121) mechanically connected to said mechanical lever (110) by means of a rigid mechanical connection (111), said hydraulic pump (120) being connected to the ground, on the side opposite to said mechanical lever (110), by means of a rotatable ground connection (145), wherein there are provided: - a first mechanism (140, 150) for manually adjusting the idle stoke of said hydraulic pump (120) arranged between said hydraulic pump (120) and said rotatable ground connection (145); a second mechanism (160) for manually adjusting a height at rest (hvAR) of the mechanical lever (110), connected between said base surface (180) and said rigid mechanical connection (ill); and - a brake caliper (130, 230) external to said hydraulic pump (120, 220) and hydraulically connected to said hydraulic pump (120, 220), and also comprising or connected to a load cell (135, 235) configured to detect and measure said braking force. The invention further relates to an electronic simulation system (1000) using the simulation system (100) for simulating a braking system according to the invention.
G09B 9/04 - Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of land vehicles
B60T 8/00 - Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
B60T 10/00 - Control or regulation for continuous braking making use of fluid or powdered medium, e.g. for use when descending a long slope
A63F 13/803 - Driving vehicles or craft, e.g. cars, airplanes, ships, robots or tanks
43.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETECTING AND MEASURING MECHANICAL DEFORMATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A COMPONENT OF A VEHICLE BRAKING SYSTEM
The invention relates to a system (100; 200; 300; 400; 500) and a related method for detecting and measuring mechanical deformations associated with a component (10; 20; 30; 40) of a vehicle braking system, caused by forces or torques generated during a braking event. The system comprises at least one component of the vehicle braking system, which comprises: a body (1) made of a material susceptible to deformation due to a reaction force which is applied to the component of the braking system in correspondence of a braking force and/ or torque, during a braking event, so that the component comprises a portion of said material (PM) the deformation of which is locally representative of the braking force and/ or braking torque applied to the braking system; at least one deformation and/or stress sensor (2; 2'), applied to such a portion of material susceptible to deformation, in correspondence of a respective predetermined and fixed position, wherein said at least one deformation and/or stres s sensor is directly printed on the body of the braking system component by Aerosol Jet Printing methodology, and configured to detect the deformation and/or stress (DEF ) acting locally in the respective position, and to generate at least one respective electric signal (S) representative of the detected deformation and/ or stress; electronic interrogation and detection means (3) operatively associated with the at least one deformation and/ or stress sensor, for enabling the deformation and/or stress detection by the at least one deformation and/or stress sensor and receiving the at least one electric signal; an electronic data-transmission/reception unit (4) connected to the electronic interrogation and detection means; such an electronic data-transmission/ reception unit is configured to transmit at least one first analog or digital signal (S1) representative of such an electric signal; a remote control unit (5) outside the component of a vehicle braking system, connected to the electronic data- transmission/reception unit for receiving such at least one first signal; the remote control unit is configured to process the at least one first signal to obtain and provide a measurement of the deformation caused on the braking system component in correspondence of a braking force and/or torque.
G01L 1/22 - Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluidsMeasuring force or stress, in general by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
G01B 7/16 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
B60T 17/22 - Devices for monitoring or checking brake systemsSignal devices
F16D 66/00 - Arrangements for monitoring working conditions of brakes, e.g. wear or temperature
44.
SYSTEM FOR DETECTING OPERATIONAL STATUS CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A MOVING COMPONENT OF A VEHICLE BRAKING SYSTEM AND RELATED DETECTION METHODS
The invention relates to a system (100) for detecting the operational status conditions, such as the presence of cracks or fissures (CR), associated with a moving mechanical component (10) of a vehicle braking system and to related detection methods. The braking system comprises: a first moving component (10) having a first body (11) made of a material susceptible of including cracks or fissures caused by production defects or wear or use; a second component (20), static with respect to the first component, having a second body (21) provided with at least one surface (22, 22', 22'') facing the first body of the first moving component; The detection system comprises: at least one sensor (1) applied to such at least one surface of the second body of the second static component of the braking system, wherein such a sensor comprises at least one planar inductor element (30) directly printed onto the second body of the second component of the braking system by Aerosol Jet Printing methodology or "additive manufacturing" technology or "screen printing" technology; the sensor is configured to detect the presence of cracks associated with the first body of the first moving component, and to generate at least one electric signal (S) representative of a detected crack or fissure; electronic interrogation and detection means (2, 3, 4) operatively associated with the at least one sensor, adapted to send at least one first electric signal (S1) for enabling the detection of a crack by the at least one crack detection sensor and receive the at least one response electric signal generated by the at least one sensor.
F16D 55/2255 - Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is pivoted
F16D 55/226 - Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially
F16D 65/56 - Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play with screw-thread and nut
F16D 66/00 - Arrangements for monitoring working conditions of brakes, e.g. wear or temperature
The present invention relates to a repositioning spring configured to apply an elastic action, either directly or indirectly, to the floating element (7) with respect to the bracket (6), so as to bias the at least one reaction surface (17) away from the second braking surface (6), repositioning the floating element (7) towards the limit stop position when the reaction thrust ceases, wherein the repositioning spring (20) comprises a spring support element (21) and a spring pushing element (45) connected to each other, wherein the spring support element (20) comprises spring fixing portion (22) configured to rigidly constrain the repositioning spring (20) to a bracket portion (18), wherein the spring support element (20) comprises a spring sliding abutment portion (23) configured to radially abut against a floating element sliding surface (19) of the floating element (7) on a tangentially opposite side with respect to the bracket portion (18) while avoiding the repositioning spring (20) from being permanently coupled to the floating element (7) and so as to allow the floating element (7) to slide, at least axially, with respect to the repositioning spring (20), under the reaction action of the pushing device (14) and/or under said elastic action of the repositioning spring (20), radially abutting against the spring sliding abutment portion (23), the floating element sliding surface (19) mainly extending parallel to the axial direction (A-A), wherein the spring pushing element (45) comprises a first spring pushing portion (25) adapted to apply said elastic action, either directly or indirectly, to said reaction surface (17) to bias the reaction surface (17) of the floating element (7) away from the second braking surface (5) at least in the axial direction (A-A); wherein the spring pushing element (45) is connected to the spring fixing portion (22) and the sliding abutment portion (23), and is interposed between the spring fixing portion (22) and the spring sliding abutment portion (23), so as to be arranged at least partially inside a radial window or channel (11) delimited by the floating element (7) and extending at least along the radial direction (R-R) so as to expose the brake disc (3) at least partially radially.
A braking system (1), comprising a braking feel simulator device (2) and a brake pedal (3), wherein the brake pedal (3) is operatively connected to the braking feel simulator device (2), wherein the braking system (1) is configured so that an actuation of the brake pedal (3) by a driver corresponds to a reaction force applied by the braking feel simulator device (2) to the brake pedal (3) as opposed to an actuation of the brake pedal (3), wherein the braking system (1) further comprises a haptic feedback actuator (4) connected to the brake pedal (3), wherein the haptic feedback actuator (4) is configured to transmit a haptic feedback to the brake pedal (3).
B60T 7/04 - Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot-actuated
B60T 8/40 - Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
B60T 11/18 - Connection thereof to initiating means
A braking system for a motorcycle has a first braking device operatively connected to a first wheel of the motorcycle and having a first hydraulic supply circuit, a first electric actuator operatively connected to a first electrically or electro-mechanically actuated piston, and a first interface port operatively connected to a first hydraulic device provided with a first manually actuated piston subdivided into a first direct piston and a first indirect piston hydraulically connected to the first hydraulic supply circuit through a first by-pass duct. A hydraulic fluid reservoir is connected to the first hydraulic device by an upstream connection duct of the first indirect piston and a downstream connection duct of the first indirect piston. A processing and control unit is programmed so that, upon actuation of the first interface port, the first electrically or electro-mechanically actuated piston translates so as to occlude the first by-pass duct, fluidically disconnect the first manually actuated piston from the first hydraulic supply circuit, and simultaneously actuate the first braking device.
B60T 13/68 - Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
B60T 8/17 - Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
B60T 13/14 - Pressure supply arrangements using accumulators or reservoirs
B60T 13/62 - Combined or convertible systems both straight and automatic
B60T 13/74 - Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or driveBrake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
B62L 3/08 - Mechanisms specially adapted for braking more than one wheel
54.
BRAKING SYSTEM WITH BRAKE-BY-WIRE TYPE DISC BRAKES, EQUIPPED WITH DYNAMIC ADJUSTMENT OF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE BRAKE DISC AND THE PADS AND RELATED METHOD FOR ADJUSTING THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE BRAKE DISC AND PADS IN A BRAKE-BY-WIRE TYPE BRAKING SYSTEM
A braking system for a vehicle has a disc brake having a brake disc having a disc brake caliper and a pair of pads, an electric actuator operatively connected to a piston acting as a pusher on at least one of the pads, and a processing and control unit operatively connected to the electric actuator and programmed to move the piston and respective pad to a forward position to press the pad into contact with the brake disc during a braking demand, and bring the piston and respective pad to a rest or rearward position. A gap is identified between the pad and the brake disc. The processing and control unit is programmed to implement an algorithm that, in absence of a braking demand, operates the electric actuator by varying the gap according to at least one dynamic parameter of the vehicle defining a prediction of a braking demand.
B60T 13/74 - Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or driveBrake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
F16D 55/228 - Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a separate actuating member for each side
A braking band extending between an inner diameter and an outer diameter has two plates facing each other and having inner surfaces delimiting a gap. The two plates are joined by connecting elements projecting from one of the two plates and reaching the opposite plate. A first series of fins of the connecting elements is each a fin which is in a single piece and extends from near the inner diameter to near the outer diameter and has a fin outer end portion having a predetermined extension along an outer circumferential width, and a fin inner end portion having a predetermined extension along an inner circumferential width. Considering a section taken along a section plane including the radial and circumferential directions, the outer circumferential width is greater than the inner circumferential width and the fin outer end portion of each fin faces only an adjacent fin on both sides in circumferential direction.
ENEA, Agenzia Nazionale Per Le Nuove Tecnologie L’energia E Lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenible (Italy)
Inventor
Milanesi, Andrea
Magnani, Giuseppe
Burgio, Federica
Abstract
A method for making a braking band (2) for a brake disc (1) for a disc brake, comprising the following steps: a) preparing a mold (10) having an inner cavity (11), which comprises a first portion (11a) of a shape corresponding to the braking band (2) to be made; b) preparing a band preform (20) comprising a central preform (200), an upper outer preform (201) and a lower outer preform (202), said central preform (200) being made of porous ceramic material comprising silicon carbide (SiC), said upper outer preform (201) and lower outer preform (202) being made of porous ceramic material comprising silicon carbide (SiC) and infiltrated with silicon (SiC+Si), wherein a carbon barrier layer (201a, 200a, 200b, 202a) made of carbon is interposed between the upper outer preform (201) and the central preform (200) and between the lower outer preform (202) and the central preform (200), said preforms (200, 201, 202) having the shape of the braking band (2) to be made; c) placing said band preform (20) inside the mold at the first portion (11a) of said inner cavity (11); and d) injecting a liquid or semi-solid aluminum alloy inside the entire inner cavity (11) of the mold (11) to infiltrate the central preform (200) of said band preform (20) made of porous ceramic material with said aluminum alloy, obtaining at the first portion (11a) an aluminum metal matrix composite reinforced by said central preform (200) which defines the braking band (2) to be made. A braking band and a brake disc are made with at least the aforesaid method.
The present invention relates to the application, in a single software instrument, of AI and advanced statistics methods for monitoring and analyzing quality problems over the whole product lifecycle: - zero kilometer; - period of useful life under warranty ("field warranty period"); - period of useful life not under warranty ("out of warranty period"). Furthermore, an innovative method is provided, based on web scraping techniques and AI for monitoring the product out of the warranty period.
Application, in a single software instrument, of AI and advanced statistics methods for monitoring and analyzing quality problems over the whole lifecycle of a product is provided. A method based on web scraping techniques and AI for monitoring the product out of the warranty period is also provided.
A method (100) for detecting in real-time anomalies of an object subjected to a durability test, comprising, while performing a durability test on a test bench, steps of: a) acquiring (101), by a digital image acquisition device operatively connected to the test bench, a digital image of the object or of a part of the object on which anomalies should be detected; b) providing (102), by the image acquisition device, said acquired digital image to a first data processing unit operatively connected to said digital image acquisition device and adapted to execute an anomaly detection algorithm trained by means of artificial intelligence and/or machine learning techniques; c) assigning (103), by said first data processing unit by executing said trained anomaly detection algorithm, to each pixel of the acquired digital image a value representative of a match level between said pixel and the same pixel of at least one reference digital image representative of a normality condition of the object obtained following the training of said anomaly detection algorithm; d) comparing (104), by said first data processing unit by executing said trained algorithm, the value assigned to each pixel of the acquired digital image with a set first threshold value, if the assigned value is lower than the set first threshold value, a normality condition is assigned to the pixel, if the assigned value is higher than the set first threshold value, an anomaly condition is assigned to the pixel; e) assigning (105), by said first data processing unit by executing said trained algorithm, to the acquired digital image a normality or anomaly condition based on the condition assigned to each pixel of the acquired digital image, if the number of pixels to which the anomaly condition was assigned is higher than a set second threshold value and the pixel surface density to which an anomaly condition was assigned is higher than a set third threshold value, assigning the anomaly condition to the acquired digital image, if the number of pixels to which the anomaly condition was assigned is lower than the set second threshold value or the pixel surface density to which the anomaly condition was assigned is lower than a set third threshold value, assigning the normality condition to the acquired digital image.
METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING AND CHARACTERIZING, BY MEANS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, DEFECTS WITHIN AN OBJECT, INCLUDING CRACKS WITHIN A BRAKE DISC OR CALIPER
The invention relates to a method (100) for identifying and characterizing defects within an object (OB). The method comprises the steps of: - acquiring (101) at least one digital X-ray image of the object or a part of the object within which the defects are to be identified; - providing (102) the at least one acquired digital image to a trained artificial intelligence, Al, and/or machine learning, ML, algorithm; - analyzing (103), by such a trained algorithm, the at least one acquired digital image to identify one or more defects present in the at least one acquired digital image; - generating (104) digital information on each identified defect, comprising a step of determining (104') one or more parameters representative of such a defect to characterize the defect; - comparing (105) each of such one or more parameters representative of the identified defect with respective one or more reference values; - providing (106) a piece of information (IQ1, IQ2, IQ3) representative of the quality of the object based on such a comparison. The aforesaid comparing step is performed through a further processing of said digital information, by electronic processing means.
A switching system (1), in particular installable on a motorcycle for alternately activating a plurality of electrical circuits of the motorcycle, comprising a switch (2), comprising a switch lever (3) and a switch body (4), wherein the switch lever (3) is constrained to the switch body (4), said switch (1) further comprising a first electric circuit (5) and a second electric circuit (6) alternately activatable based on the position of the switch lever (3), an actuating member (7), configured to actuate the switch (2), a connecting mechanism (8), interposed between the actuating member (7) and the switch (2), and configured to connect the actuating member (7) to the switch lever (3), so that a movement of the actuating member (7) corresponds to a movement of the switch lever (3).
B62K 11/14 - Handlebar constructions, or arrangements of controls thereon, specially adapted thereto
B62L 3/02 - Brake-actuating mechanismsArrangements thereof for control by a hand lever
H01H 21/00 - Switches operated by an operating part in the form of a pivotable member acted upon directly by a solid body, e.g. by a hand
H01H 21/28 - Operating parts, e.g. handle biased to return to original position upon removal of operating force adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. door switch, limit switch, floor-levelling switch of a lift
The present invention relates to an electro-hydraulic actuator (100) for actuating a brake caliper, in particular of a disc brake of a vehicle with two or more wheels, comprising:- an electric motor (1) with a drive shaft (2); - a transformation mechanism (3) connected to the drive shaft (2) to transform a rotary motion of the drive shaft (2) into a linear translatory motion along an axial direction (X-X) of a float (4) of a hydraulic pump or brake master cylinder of said brake to pressurize a brake fluid; -a first housing (5) configured to accommodate the transformation mechanism (3) and support a second housing (6) of the electric motor (1), said transformation mechanism (3) including: - a reduction unit (7) with at least one output interface (8) and configured to demultiply the rotary motion of the drive shaft (2) and transmit it to the at least one output interface (8), - a transformation unit (10) to convert the rotary motion of the at least one output interface (8) into a translatory motion of the float (4), the transformation unit (10) comprising a rotating member (11), which is connected to the at least one output interface (8) and a thrust member (12), which is linearly translatable, wherein the rotating member (11) is mechanically coupled to the thrust member (12) so as to transform a rotation of the rotating member (11) into a linear translation of the thrust member (12) which allows a displacement in the axial direction (X-X) of the float (4), wherein the transformation unit (10) has a central axis (A) parallel to or coincident with the axial direction (X-X), the transformation unit (10) comprises a thrust cap (42) integrally connected to the thrust member (12) so that it translates linearly and integrally with the thrust member (12) between a resting configuration and a thrust configuration, wherein the thrust cap (42) is configured to contact the float (4) and transfer a thrust action to the float (4), wherein the thrust cap (42) extends in a cantilevered manner from the thrust member (12) and forms a cap cavity (43) adapted to accommodate the rotating member (11), wherein the thrust cap (42) comprises a cap side wall (44) and a cap bottom wall (45), wherein the cap side wall (44) comprises an inner side cap surface (48) radially delimiting the cap cavity (43) facing the rotating member (11) without mechanical couplings, wherein the cap bottom wall (45) comprises an inner cap bottom surface (49) axially delimiting the cap cavity (43) facing a free end (46) of the rotating member (11), wherein the cap bottom wall (45) comprises an outer cap bottom surface (50) axially opposite to the inner cap bottom surface (49) and configured to contact the float (4) and transfer a thrust action to the float (4), wherein the inner cap bottom surface (49) is tapered along said central axis (A) towards the free end (46) of the rotating member (11) and/or a central free end surface (47) of said free end (46) is tapered along said central axis (A) towards the inner cap bottom surface (49) so that the inner cap bottom surface (49) and the free end (46) contact each other only partially and about the central axis (A), wherein in the resting configuration, the inner cap bottom surface (49) is in contact with the free end (46) defining a mechanical stop of the electro-hydraulic actuator (100), and wherein in the thrust configuration, the outer cap bottom surface (50) and the float (4) are in contact, transferring an axial force from the thrust member (12) to the float (4).
F16D 65/18 - Actuating mechanisms for brakesMeans for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together
B60T 13/74 - Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or driveBrake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
The present invention relates to an electro-hydraulic actuator (100) for actuating a brake caliper, in particular of a disc brake of a vehicle with two or more wheels, comprising: - an electric motor (1) with a drive shaft (2); - a transformation mechanism (3) connected to the drive shaft (2) to transform a rotary motion of the drive shaft (2) into a linear translatory motion along an axial direction (X-X) of a float (4) of a hydraulic pump or brake master cylinder of said brake to pressurize a brake fluid; - a first housing (5) configured to accommodate the transformation mechanism (3) and support a second housing (6) of the electric motor (1), said transformation mechanism (3) including: - a reduction unit (7) with at least one output interface (8) and configured to demultiply the rotary motion of the drive shaft (2) and transmit it to at least one output interface (8), - a transformation unit (10) for converting the rotary motion of the at least one output interface (8) into a translatory motion of the float (4), the transformation unit (10) comprising a rotating member (11), which is connected to the at least one output interface (8), and a thrust member (12), which is linearly translatable, wherein the rotating member (11) is mechanically coupled to the thrust member (12) so as to transform a rotation of the rotating member (11) into a linear translation of the thrust member (12) which allows a displacement in the axial direction (X-X) of the float (4), - a bearing (9) connected to the rotating member (11) and the first housing (5) to allow the rotation of the rotating member (11) with respect to the first housing (5), the rotating member (11) is connected to the bearing (9) by mechanical interference coupling and comprises plastically deformed portions (33) in contact with the bearing (9), avoiding a shape coupling, so that the bearing (9) transfers torque to the rotating member (11) by mechanical interference coupling and so that the rotating member (11) is supported by the bearing (9), discharging a constraining reaction of the transformation unit (10) due to the action of the float (4) on the brake fluid directly onto the bearing (9).
B60T 13/74 - Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or driveBrake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
The present invention relates to an electro-hydraulic actuator (100) for actuating a brake caliper, in particular of a disc brake of a vehicle with two or more wheels, comprising: - an electric motor (1) with a drive shaft (2); - a transformation mechanism (3) connected to the drive shaft (2) to transform a rotary motion of the drive shaft (2) into a linear translatory motion along an axial direction (X-X) of a float (4) of a hydraulic pump or brake master cylinder of said brake to pressurize a brake fluid; -a first housing (5) configured to accommodate the transformation mechanism (3) and support a second housing (6) of the electric motor (1), said transformation mechanism (3) including: - a reduction unit (7) with at least one output interface (8) and configured to demultiply the rotary motion of the drive shaft (2) and transmit it to at least one output interface (8), - a transformation unit (10) to convert the rotary motion of the at least one output interface (8) into a translatory motion of the float (4), the transformation unit (10) comprising a rotating member (11), which is connected to the at least one output interface (8), and a thrust member (12), which is linearly translatable, wherein the rotating member (11) is mechanically coupled to the thrust member (12) so to transform a rotation of the rotating member (11) into a linear translation of the thrust member (12) which allows a displacement in the axial direction (X-X) of the float (4), - a bearing (9) connected to both the rotating member (11) and the first housing (5) to allow the rotation of the rotating member (11) with respect to the first housing (5), wherein the bearing (9) is packed between a first-housing shoulder (15) and said reduction unit (7) by constraining the bearing (9) in first housing (5), so that a constraining reaction of the transformation unit (10) due to the action of the float (4) on the brake fluid is discharged directly onto the reduction unit (7).
B60T 13/74 - Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or driveBrake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
F16D 65/14 - Actuating mechanisms for brakesMeans for initiating operation at a predetermined position
A method for identifying and characterizing surface defects on an object by means of electronic processing is described. Such a method comprises the steps of acquiring at least one micrograph or digital image, from a microscope, of the object or a part of the object on which the defects are to be identified; then, providing the aforesaid at least one acquired micrograph or digital image to an algorithm trained by means of artificial intelligence and/or machine learning techniques; then, recognizing the defects and identifying them by means of a first mask, by the trained algorithm, and providing, as the output of the trained algorithm, a first processed image in which the recognized defects are identified by the aforesaid first mask. The method further provides processing the aforesaid first processed digital image by means of filtering and morphological closing operations, to highlight the edges of the defects in a cleaner and clearer manner, by means of a segmentation operation adapted to visually highlight the individual defects identified in the image, thus obtaining a second processed image and a second processed mask adapted to identify the defects and to highlight and characterize the contours and shape of the defects in an improved manner. The method further comprises the step of applying Computer Vision techniques/algorithms to the aforesaid second processed image, to determine characterizing information of each of the detected defects. Such characterizing information comprise, for each of the identified defects, at least the following information: defect category, position of the defect with respect to a reference coordinate system associated with the image, at least one geometric/dimensional parameter of each defect. The aforesaid at least one trained algorithm is trained in a preliminary training step carried out on training digital images, each of the training digital images being labeled, by means of labeling of known defects, and filtered to produce a mask corresponding as closely as possible to the labeled defects. A system for detecting and characterizing defects on a micrograph of an object, capable of performing the aforesaid method, is also described.
A shaped material, for example, a disc for disc brakes, and a method for the manufacturing thereof. The shaped material has a plurality of layers of carbon fibers stacked along an overlap axis, each layer being formed by a plurality of radial segments and transverse segments. Each radial segment is adjacent and joined, on both sides, to a transverse segment and each transverse segment is adjacent and joined, on both sides, to a radial segment, forming in each layer an alternation of radial segments and transverse segments.
A system for controlling the braking/traction of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising: a vehicle control unit configured to receive a braking or traction 5 request, said vehicle control unit being configured to determine a braking or traction target value (TG) to be imparted to the vehicle, based on said braking or traction request; a vehicle braking/traction control unit (6) operatively connected to said vehicle control unit, the vehicle braking/traction control unit (6) being configured to be operatively connected to at least one first electric 10 motor, of a braking/traction system of the vehicle, operatively connected to at least one first axle of the vehicle, the vehicle braking/traction control unit (6) being configured to control the at least one first electric motor, the vehicle braking/traction control unit (6) being configured to be operatively connected to at least one first dissipative braking torque actuation module, of the vehicle 15 braking/traction system, operatively connected to the at least one first axle, the vehicle braking/traction control unit (6) being configured to control the at least one first dissipative braking torque actuation module; a battery pack operatively connected to the vehicle braking/traction control unit (6), the battery pack being configured to store electricity during a braking phase of the vehicle to be 20 supplied to the at least one first electric motor during a traction phase of the vehicle. The vehicle braking/traction control unit (6) is configured to receive: the braking or traction target value (TG) to be imparted to the vehicle determined by the vehicle control unit based on said braking or traction request (RF); first input information (I1) representative of the battery pack; second input 25 information (I2) representative of a regenerative braking or traction phase performed by the system on the braking/traction system by means of the at least one first electric motor; third input information (I3) representative of a dissipative braking phase performed by the system on the braking/traction system of the vehicle by means of the at least one first dissipative braking torque actuation 30 module; fourth input information (I4) representative of an operating condition of the at least one first axle or a vehicle corner connected to the at least one first axle. The vehicle braking/traction control unit (6) is configured to determine a first regenerative braking torque or traction target value (RG-1) to be imparted to the vehicle by means of the at least one first electric motor and a first dissipative braking torque target value (FD-1) or a first hydraulic pressure target value (FP-1) to be imparted to the first front axle by means of the at least one 5 first dissipative braking torque actuation module, based on the braking or traction target value (TG) to be imparted to the vehicle, the first input information (I1), the second input information (I2), the third input information (I3), and the fourth input information (I4).
B60T 1/10 - Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
The present invention relates to a method of tribological characterization of a component of a friction material adapted to be used for making a friction layer of 5 a pad for disc brakes, wherein said component is selected from an abrasive, a metal or metal alloy, a lubricant, a fibrous material, and a filler, said method comprising a first step of making a sample consisting of said component and a resin, and a second 10 step in which said sample is subjected to a tribological characterization method, wherein said first step comprises: a) mixing said component and said resin obtaining a mixture in solid form, wherein said component is in an 15 amount between 60 and 95% by volume and said resin is in an amount between 5 and 40% by volume, said percentage values being based on the volume of the resulting mixture; b) pressing the mixture resulting from step a) into a mold at a temperature between 100 and 250°C and a 20 pressure between 5 and 150 MPa; c) subjecting the mixture resulting from step b) to a curing process by means of a heat treatment at a temperature between 100 and 300°C.
A switching device for a switchable braking system may have a hydraulic selector valve switchable to a first switching position and a second switching position, a switching actuation device, electrically triggerable, for switching the hydraulic selector valve from the first switching position to the second switching position. The switching device may have at least one of: i) a switching preservation system, which stops the hydraulic selector valve in the second switching position by means of a non-electromagnetic stopping force, chosen from the group consisting of fluid-mechanical forces, elastic forces, mechanical forces, permanent magnetic forces, or ii) an amplification system having, a non-electrical accumulator of potential energy, and a switchable connector to disconnect and connect the potential energy accumulator with the hydraulic selector valve. An actuator applies an actuating force to the switchable connector to connect the potential energy accumulator to the hydraulic selector valve.
B60T 13/66 - Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
B60T 1/06 - Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission
B60T 1/10 - Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
B60T 7/04 - Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot-actuated
B60T 13/74 - Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or driveBrake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
B60T 17/22 - Devices for monitoring or checking brake systemsSignal devices
71.
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETECTING A BRAKING FORCE AND/OR TORQUE AT A BRAKE CALIPER
A detection device is described for detecting a force acting in a detection portion of a brake caliper and representative of a braking torque acting on the brake caliper when braking. The device is adapted to being mounted between the brake caliper detection portion and a corresponding hub holder by means of fixing and clamping means. When mounted and in the absence of forces acting on it, the detection device is shaped as a washer or plate extending mainly along a reference plane. The device may have a first functional element, a second functional element, a positioning element, and a sensing element.
A brake pad and thrust device assembly for a brake caliper may have at least one brake pad and at least one thrust device, where each thrust device is reversibly connectable to the brake pad.
F16D 65/097 - Resilient means interposed between pads and supporting members
F16D 65/18 - Actuating mechanisms for brakesMeans for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together
The present invention relates to a disc (1) for disc brakes of the ventilated type comprising an annular braking band (2) and an annular ventilation portion (5) of the disc, wherein said braking band (2) and said ventilation portion (5) comprise a plurality of layers of carbon fibers (100, 101, 102, 103) stacked along an overlap axis oriented parallel to a rotation axis (X-X) of the disc (1), said braking band (2) comprises two plates (3, 4) which are coaxial and spaced apart from each other in an axial direction (A-A) delimiting said ventilation portion (5), said plates (3, 4) comprising two outer surfaces (6, 7) which define opposite braking surfaces, said ventilation portion (5) comprises an outer radial edge (8), an inner radial edge (9), and a plurality of protuberances (10) which protrude from said inner radial edge (9) in the radial direction (R-R) towards the rotation axis (X-X), wherein said protuberances (10) define a plurality of compartments (11) each positioned between one protuberance and the other, said ventilation portion (5) comprises a plurality of ventilation channels (17) circumferentially distributed over at least two rows, said ventilation channels (17) lead with respective first openings (18) into said outer radial edge (8) of the ventilation portion (5) and with respective second openings (19) into said compartments (11), said first openings (18) being circumferentially distributed over at least two rows (37, 47) forming respective circumferences, said ventilation channels (17) are grouped into respective clusters (20), and the ventilation channels (17a, 17b, 17c, 17d) of each cluster (20) lead with said second openings (19) into the same compartment (11).
B60T 5/00 - Vehicle modifications to facilitate cooling of brakes
F16D 55/36 - Brakes with a plurality of rotating discs all lying side by side
F16D 55/44 - Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member without self-tightening action with the rotating part consisting of both central plates and ring-shaped plates arranged concentrically around the central plates
A pad-holding spring and pad return spring assembly for a brake caliper may have at least one pad-holding spring arranged between at least one guiding ear of a brake pad and a caliper body to bias the brake pad, and a pad return spring. The pad-holding spring has a main extension and at least one C-shaped section. The pad return spring may have an anchoring portion connected to the C-shaped section, a coupling portion to couple the brake pad, and a linking arm connected to the anchoring portion and the coupling portion. The coupling portion is movable with respect to the anchoring portion between a retracted resting position and at least one advanced position, towards the disc, and vice versa. The pad return spring may have at least one winding portion connecting the linking arm to the anchoring portion.
A pad-holding spring and pad return spring assembly for a brake caliper may have a caliper body adapted to be arranged straddling a brake disc and a one pad-holding spring configured to be arranged between at least one guiding ear of a brake pad housed in the caliper body and the caliper body to bias the brake pad, and a pad return spring configured to bias the brake pad away from a brake disc. The pad-holding spring may have one C-shaped section. The pad return spring may have an anchoring portion operatively connected to the C-shaped section, a coupling portion configured to couple the brake pad, and a linking arm. The coupling portion is elastically movable with respect to the anchoring portion between a retracted resting position and at least one advanced position, towards the disc, and vice versa.
ENEA, Agenzia Nazionale Per Le Nuove Tecnologie, L’energia E Lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenible (Italy)
Inventor
Milanesi, Andrea
Magnani, Giuseppe
Burgio, Federica
Abstract
A method for making a braking band (2) for a brake disc (1) for a disc brake, comprising the following steps: a) preparing a mold (10) having an inner cavity (11), which comprises a first portion (11a) of a shape corresponding to the braking band (2) to be made; b) preparing a band preform (20) comprising a central layer (200) made of porous ceramic material comprising silicon carbide (SiC), an upper outer layer (201) and a lower outer layer (202), said upper outer layer (201) and said lower outer layer (202) being made of porous ceramic material comprising silicon carbide (SiC) and infiltrated with silicon (SiC+Si), said upper outer layer (201) and said bottom outer layer (202) being arranged in an opposing way and on opposite sides of the central layer (200); c) placing said band preform (20) inside the mold at the first portion (11a) of said inner cavity (11); and d) injecting a liquid or semi-solid aluminum alloy inside the entire inner cavity (11) of the mold (11) so as to infiltrate only the central layer (200) of said band preform (20) made of porous ceramic material with said aluminum alloy, obtaining at the first portion (11a) an aluminum metal matrix composite reinforced by said central preform (200) which defines the braking band (2) to be made. A braking band and a brake disc are made at least with the aforesaid method.
B22D 19/00 - Casting in, on, or around, objects which form part of the product
B22D 21/00 - Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedureSelection of compositions therefor
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
35 - Advertising and business services
Goods & Services
Downloadable interactive computer game software; Downloadable installed interactive computer software for multimedia data acquisition, multimedia data elaboration, alphanumerical data acquisition, image acquisition, audio fileacquisition, matrix data acquisition, sound data acquisition, video data acquisition, all of the foregoing used to provide service outputs for monitoring a vehicle's braking system, formonitoring the particulate emissions of a vehicle's braking system, and for monitoring the condition of a vehicle's braking system; Downloadable installed interactive computer software, namely, downloadable computer software using artificial intelligence for managing business and industrial processes; Downloadable installed interactive computer software, namely, downloadable computer software using artificial intelligence for conducting automated quality inspections of x-ray, images, sounds, and vibrations; Downloadable installed interactive software for field data collection of vehicle data; Downloadable installed interactivecomputer software, namely, downloadable application program interface (API) software featuring virtual sensors used to enrich data with physical models; Downloadable interactive entertainment game software; Downloadable interactive multimedia software for playing games; Downloadable interactive entertainment software for playing video games; Downloadable computer game software; Downloadable computer software in the nature of game engine software for video game development; Downloadable virtual reality game software; Downloadable augmented reality game software for playing computer games; Downloadable game related mobile software applications for playing computer games; Downloadable software programs for video games; Downloadable electronic game software for mobile phones; Computer game discs; Memory storage devices, namely, memory cards and memory cards for video game machines; Multimedia apparatus and instruments, namely, multimedia projectors and downloadable interactive multimedia computer game programs; Recording apparatus, namely, sound and picture recording apparatus, apparatus for recording images, film recording apparatus, and time recording apparatus; Downloadable installed digital media, namely, CDs, DVDs, downloadable installed audio files, images, video files, and multimedia files in the field of vehicles, vehicle brake systems, vehicle brake calipers, vehicle brake discs, vehicle brake pumps, data acquisition forvehicles, data acquisition for vehicle brake systems, data elaboration for vehicles, and data elaboration for vehicle braking systems; Electronic publications, downloadable, namely, books, magazines, brochures, manuals featuring information in the field of vehicles and vehicle braking systems; Downloadable video game software; Recorded video game software; Automotive testing equipment, namely, transmission testing and brake testing equipment; Brake controllers; Sensors [measuring apparatus], not for medical use; vibration sensors; measurement sensors; synchronization sensors; ultrasonic fault detectors; software for diagnostics and troubleshooting; brake fluid tester; vehicle brake testing apparatus; optical sensors; Glasses; blank USB pens; Downloadable virtual products, namely, computer programs relating to vehicles, vehicle brakes, structural parts for automobiles and motorcycles for use online and in online virtual worlds; Downloadable digital resources and electronic data files provided with non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and other crypto-collectibles and blockchain-based non-fungible assets. Retail services in relation to vehicles; Wholesale services in relation to vehicles; Retail or wholesale services relating to two-wheeled vehicles; Advertising, promotional or marketing services relating to vehicles; Window dressing; Distribution of advertising materials [flyers, brochures, printed matter, samples]; Provision of business information through websites; Commercial information and advice to consumers for the selection of products and services; Organization of exhibitions for commercial or advertising purposes; Presentation of goods on communication media, for retail purposes; Sales promotion for third parties; Commercial brokerage services; Online marketplace provision of goods and services for buyers and sellers; Wholesale and retail sales related to the following products: Vehicles, structural parts for vehicles, accessories for automobiles, brakes for vehicles; online retail services of: vehicles, structural parts for vehicles, accessories for automobiles, brakes for vehicles; Retail store services in relation to virtual products, namely: vehicles, structural parts for vehicles, accessories for automobiles, brakesfor vehicles to be used online; Provision of an online marketplace and registry for buyers and sellers of digital resources, digital collectibles, digital tokens and non-fungible tokens (NFTs), digital resources and digital collectibles sold as non-fungible tokens (NFTs); Event marketing; promotion of third-party products and services through agreements with sponsors to associate their products and services with sports competitions.
A band spring arranged straddling a brake disc to apply an elastic action on a brake pad to bias the brake pad away from the brake disc is provided. The brake pad has a backing plate supporting friction material and having a plate edge forming at least one thrust portion and at least one striker portion. The band spring has a band-shaped spring body and three portions, at least two of which mutually distinct, namely a first coupling portion coupling the band spring to a caliper body, a second thrust portion applying an elastic action on the at least one thrust portion and a third abutment portion forming a support that prevents sliding of the second thrust portion when the band spring is subject to external actions, the third abutment portion, when abutting against the striker portion being biased by a peak or buckling load, avoiding that the band spring permanently couples with the brake pad.
F16D 55/228 - Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a separate actuating member for each side
A braking device has a portion having a braking surface adapted to come into contact with an opposite facing braking surface to apply a braking action, the braking surface being circumferentially free from obstacles to allow relative rotation between the braking surface and opposite facing braking surface when mutually in contact, and defining, in any point with respect to a revolution axis if the braking surface is fixed, or a rotation axis if the braking surface is rotative, an axial direction, a radial direction, a circumferential direction, and a tangential direction. A support connecting portion is radially outside the braking surface, either radially away from or outside the braking surface or either radially close to or inside the braking surface. A cooling portion, included circumferentially and laterally to the support connecting portion, has a plurality of axially through-openings adapted to increase a heat exchange surface and unadapted to create connecting surfaces.
A braking system for a motorcycle may have at least (a) a first brake associated with a front wheel of the motorcycle, at least a first electro-hydraulic or electro-mechanical actuator, operatively connected to the first brake, (b) at least a first manual actuation command, associated with and corresponding to the at least one first brake, to send a braking request from a user, (c) at least a second brake associated with a rear wheel of the motorcycle, (d) at least a second electro-hydraulic or electro-mechanical actuator, operatively connected to the second brake, (e) at least a second manual actuation command, associated with and corresponding to the at least one second brake, to send a brake request from a user, and (f) a control unit operatively connected to the first manual actuation command, to the second manual actuation command and to the first and second electro-hydraulic or electro-mechanical actuators.
B60T 8/26 - Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels
B60T 8/17 - Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
B60T 8/58 - Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration responsive to speed and another condition or to plural speed conditions
81.
COVERING PLATE AND BRAKE CALIPER BODY ASSEMBLY WITH A COVERING PLATE
A plate unusually capable of safe coupling and anti-accidental extraction may have a body which covers a portion of a caliper body. The body may have a front surface, a rear surface and a coupling element for coupling the caliper body. The coupling element may have two coupling arms which protrude in a cantilevered manner. Each of the coupling arms may have a strut. The strut may protrude in a cantilevered manner from the coupling arm. The strut may also have a free end. The struts of the arms form at least one pair being mutually opposite and converging so as to apply a pair of actions which are mutually converging.
An assembly may have at least one plate and a caliper body. The plate may have at least one protuberance which, when the plate is separated from the brake caliper body, extends in a cantilevered manner from the plate. The caliper body may also have at least one housing accommodating the protuberance, which can take a plurality of positions. The assembly may also have connecting means, which move from a disengaging position, which allows modifying the relative position between the protuberance and the housing, to an engaging position, in which the connecting means make the protuberance integral with the housing. The connecting means move from the disengaging position to the engaging position by means of a threaded member.
A band spring arranged straddling a brake disc to apply an elastic action on a brake pad to bias the brake pad away from the brake disc is provided. The brake pad has a backing plate supporting friction material and having a plate edge forming at least one thrust portion and a distinct striker portion. The band spring has a band-shaped spring body and at least three portions mutually distinct, namely a first coupling portion coupling the band spring to a caliper body, a second thrust portion applying an elastic action on the at least one thrust portion, and a third abutment portion abutting against the striker portion forming a support that prevents sliding of the second thrust portion when the band spring is subject to external actions, preventing the band spring from permanently coupling with the brake pad, avoiding bilateral constraint in the second thrust portion and third abutment portion between the band spring and the brake pad.
A braking feel simulator device (1) for a braking system (2), said braking feel simulator device (1) being adapted to be connected to a brake pedal (3), said braking feel simulator device (1) comprising at least one elastic element (4); a thrust piston (5), wherein the thrust piston (5) is configured to be biased in translation along an actuation axis (7) in the direction of the at least one elastic element (4) and so as to stress the at least one elastic element (4), in response to an actuation of the brake pedal (3), and wherein the at least one elastic element (4) is configured to contrast the translation of the thrust piston (5) along the actuation axis (7), said braking feel simulator device (1) further comprising a cam element (6), interposed between the at least one elastic element (4) and the thrust piston (5), wherein the cam element (6) is configured to convert the translation of the thrust piston (5) along the actuation axis (7) into a non-linear stress of the at least one elastic element (4).
B60T 8/40 - Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
B60T 7/04 - Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot-actuated
B60T 13/74 - Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or driveBrake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
85.
METHOD OF MAKING A FIBROUS PREFORM AND A FIBROUS PREFORM THUS OBTAINED
A method of making a fibrous preform in carbon and/or fibres of a carbon precursor may include superposing at least two layers of carbon fibres and/or fibres of a carbon precursor according to a predefined superposition axis Z so as to form a multilayer body. The method may also include needle-punching via least one first needle-punching device the multilayer body in a needle-punching direction substantially parallel to the superposition axis Z to arrange at least part of the fibres parallel to the superposition axis Z, so as to obtain a needle-punched multilayer body. An optional step may include superposing with each other according to the superposition axis Z two or more of the needle-punched multilayer bodies, obtained separately by applying the above steps.
B32B 5/06 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by structural features of a layer comprising fibres or filaments characterised by a fibrous layer needled to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
B32B 7/09 - Interconnection of layers by mechanical means by stitching, needling or sewing
B32B 5/02 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by structural features of a layer comprising fibres or filaments
B32B 5/26 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer also being fibrous or filamentary
A floating disc brake has a supporting bracket, a caliper body connected to the supporting bracket, a first friction pad on a first side of the caliper body, a second friction pad on a second side of the caliper body, fixed to the caliper body, a first piston connected to the first friction pad and a second piston that can freely rest on the first friction pad forming a positioning surface which can abut against a resting surface of the supporting bracket. The first and second pistons can be actuated independently so that a rearward movement of the first piston towards the first side detaches the first friction pad from the brake disc, and a rearward movement of the second piston towards the first side, with the positioning surface abutting against the resting surface moves the caliper body together with the second friction pad towards the second side and detaches the second friction pad from the brake disc.
F16D 65/18 - Actuating mechanisms for brakesMeans for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together
B60T 13/74 - Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or driveBrake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
F16D 55/226 - Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially
F16D 65/56 - Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play with screw-thread and nut
B60T 1/06 - Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission
87.
METHOD OF MAKING A FIBROUS PREFORM AND A FIBROUS PREFORM THUS OBTAINED
A method of making a fibrous preform in carbon and/or fibres of a carbon precursor may include superposing at least two layers of carbon fibres and/or fibres of a carbon precursor according to a predefined superposition axis Z so as to form a multilayer body. The method may also include needle-punching via least one first needle-punching device the multilayer body in a needle-punching direction substantially parallel to the superposition axis Z to arrange at least part of the fibres parallel to the superposition axis Z, so as to obtain a needle-punched multilayer body. An optional step may include superposing with each other according to the superposition axis Z two or more of the needle-punched multilayer bodies, obtained separately by applying the above steps.
B32B 5/06 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by structural features of a layer comprising fibres or filaments characterised by a fibrous layer needled to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
B32B 7/09 - Interconnection of layers by mechanical means by stitching, needling or sewing
B32B 5/02 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by structural features of a layer comprising fibres or filaments
B32B 5/26 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer also being fibrous or filamentary
A pad for disc brakes, a method for the manufacturing thereof, and a braking system with the pad are disclosed. The pad for disc brakes has a thickness y and a first surface cooperating with actuating means of a disc brake. The pad also has a second tribologically active friction surface that cooperates with the disc of the disc brake. The pad also has a first portion and a second portion, where the first portion of the pad extends for a thickness y1 from the first surface, and the second portion of the pad extends for a thickness y2 from the second tribologically active friction surface. The first surface and the first portion of the pad are made of carboceramic material, while the second surface and the second portion of the pad are made of carbonaceous material “C/C”.
A method for producing a titanium nitride coating on the surface of a titanium or titanium alloy substrate may include: a) immersing the titanium or titanium alloy substrate as an electrode in a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising an ionic liquid having nitrogen ions in the presence of a counter electrode; and b) activating an electrochemical process of nitriding the substrate by applying an electric potential between the electrode, and the counter electrode, to generate an anodic electric current to decompose the nitrogen ions by releasing the nitrogen contained therein. The liberated nitrogen penetrates the titanium or titanium alloy substrate until it leads to the conversion to titanium nitride of a surface layer of the substrate, thereby generating a nitrided diffusion surface layer that forms a nitrided surface coating. The electric potential and/or the anodic electric current are modulated in time according to the desired thickness for the nitrided surface coating.
A method for manufacturing a braking band may include providing a braking band with a base band having an upper face and a lower face, where the base band being is made of titanium or titanium alloy. The method may also include directly depositing a material in particulate form consisting of ceramic and metal and/or intermetallic particles above at least the upper face and/or the lower face so to create an upper coating layer and/or lower coating layer. A braking band for a brake disc may have a base band entirely made of titanium alloy and having an upper face and a lower face, an upper coating layer, and a lower coating layer joined to the base band along the lower face. The upper coating layer and the lower coating layer consist of a mixture of ceramic and metal and/or intermetallic particles.
A brake disc for a disc brake may have a braking band made of gray cast iron or steel, provided with two opposite braking surfaces, each of which defines at least partially one of the two main faces of the disc. The disc is provided with a base layer constituted by steel having a nickel content of at most 15% which covers at least one of the two braking surfaces of the braking band.
A brake disc for disc brake comprises a braking band made of gray cast iron or steel, provided with two opposite braking surfaces, each of which defines at least partially one of the two main faces of the disc. The brake disc is provided with a base layer made of totally nickel-free steel which covers at least one of the two braking surfaces of the braking band.
A brake disc for disc brake comprises a braking band made of gray cast iron or steel, provided with two opposite braking surfaces, each of which defines at least partially one of the two main faces of the disc. The brake disc is provided with a base layer totally nickel-free and one or more carbides included in the nickel-free steel, which covers at least one of the two braking surfaces of the braking band. An intermediate layer composed of nickel-free steel is interposed between the base layer and at least one of the two braking surfaces of the braking band.
C23C 28/00 - Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of main groups , or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses and
A method and system for measuring physical parameters using sensors of the birefringent Fiber Bragg Grating type is provided. In some embodiments, a method and a system for querying a sensor of the birefringent Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) type (e.g., in birefringent fiber), employing heterodyne optical detection and integrated photonic technology is provided.
G01L 1/24 - Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis
95.
A METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE DECELERATION OF A VEHICLE AND A BRAKING SYSTEM
A method for controlling deceleration of a vehicle is provided. The vehicle has a braking system having a braking actuation lever, a braking actuator, and at least one braking device. The method involves measuring a current lever position of the braking actuation lever and a current lever speed of the braking actuation lever, dynamically mapping the current lever position and the current lever speed, processing a deceleration curve as a function of the dynamic mapping, and decelerating the vehicle according to the deceleration curve for each current lever position measured in a lever stroke.
B60T 8/32 - Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
B60T 7/08 - Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation hand-actuated
B60T 8/172 - Determining control parameters used in the regulation, e.g. by calculations involving measured or detected parameters
B60T 8/171 - Detecting parameters used in the regulationMeasuring values used in the regulation
B60T 17/22 - Devices for monitoring or checking brake systemsSignal devices
B60T 13/74 - Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or driveBrake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
96.
Hydraulic assembly, in particular for braking systems or hydraulic actuating circuits of devices, in the motor vehicle and motorcycle sector
A hydraulic assembly has a hydraulic unit having a hydraulic unit body, in which a delivery channel is formed, the hydraulic unit body having a hydraulic unit body base, in which an inlet mouth is formed. The hydraulic assembly has a connection having a feed pipe for receiving a hydraulic fluid and an eyelet for outputting the hydraulic fluid, the eyelet delimiting an eyelet hole and having an upper eyelet sealing surface and a lower eyelet sealing surface. The hydraulic assembly has a pipe union having a hollow cylindrical body for receiving the hydraulic fluid from the eyelet and introducing the hydraulic fluid into the delivery channel and a pipe union head, an upper gasket and a lower gasket. The connection has a shoulder having a lower projection not interfering with the lower gasket. The connection is coupled in a fail-proof manner to the hydraulic unit, preventing the hydraulic unit from rotating during assembly and use.
In one aspect the invention relates to a braking feel simulator device (I) for a braking system (2), said braking feel simulator device (1) being adapted to be connected to a brake pedal (3), wherein the braking feel simulator device (1) comprises a thrust piston (11); an electromechanical opposition device (5), wherein the thrust piston (11) is configured to be biased in translation against the electromechanical opposition device (5), in response to an actuation of the brake pedal (3), and wherein the electromechanical opposition device (5) is configured to oppose the translation of the thrust piston (II). In another aspect the invention relates to an actuation method of a braking system.
B60T 8/40 - Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
A braking feel simulator device (1) for a braking system (2), said braking feel simulator device (1) being adapted to be connected to a brake pedal (3), wherein the braking feel simulator device (1) comprises at least one elastic element (4); a thrust piston (5), configured to be biased against the at least one elastic element (4), in response to an actuation of the brake pedal (3); an electromechanical preloading device (6), configured to preload the at least one elastic element (4).
B60T 8/40 - Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
99.
A PROTECTIVE CAP FOR FLOATING BRAKE CALIPER GUIDES
A protective cap for floating brake caliper guides may have a cup-like body intended to be associated with a floating brake caliper closing a sliding seat of a guide of the floating caliper. The cup-like body is made of plastic material reinforced with glass fibers.
F16D 55/226 - Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially
A braking feel simulator device (1) for a braking system (2), wherein the braking feel simulator device (1) is adapted to be connected to a brake pedal (3), said braking feel simulator device (1) comprising a reservoir (4), configured to contain hydraulic fluid; an absorber (5), configured to apply a reaction force on the brake pedal (3) against an actuation of the brake pedal (3), wherein the reservoir (4) and the absorber (5) are directly fluidically connected to each other by means of a first hydraulic duct (6), and wherein the first hydraulic duct (6) comprises a calibrated orifice (7) interposed between the reservoir (4) and the absorber (5).
B60T 8/40 - Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
B60T 7/04 - Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot-actuated
