In an aspect, provided is an alkaline rechargeable battery comprising: i) a battery container sealed against the release of gas up to at least a threshold gas pressure, ii) a volume of an aqueous alkaline electrolyte at least partially filling the container to au electrolyte level; iii) a positive electrode containing positive active material and at least partially submerged in the electrolyte, iv) an iron negative electrode at least partially submerged in the electrolyte, the iron negative electrode comprising iron active material; v) a separator at least partially submerged in the electrolyte provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; vi) an auxiliary oxygen gas recombination electrode electrically connected to the iron negative electrode by a first electronic component, ionically connected to the electrolyte by a first some pathway, and exposed to a gas headspace above the electrolyte level by a first gas pathway.
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
Methods and systems of the present disclosure are generally directed to switching operation of one or more electrochemical cells of an electrowinning plant between a charge mode and a discharge mode. In the charge mode, the one or more electrochemical cells may reduce metal from an oxidized state to a zero valence state with a first electric current applied across the one or more electrochemical cells. In the discharge mode, the one or more electrochemical cells may oxidize at least some of the metal from the zero valence state to the oxidized state to generate a second electric current, oppositely charged relative to the first electric current, to generate electricity (e.g., for delivery to the grid). Operation of the one or more electrochemical cells of the electrowinning plant may be selectively changed between the charge mode and the discharge mode based on, for example, availability/cost of electricity from the grid.
Methods and systems of the present disclosure are generally directed to switching operation of one or more electrochemical cells of an electrowinning plant between a charge mode and a discharge mode. In the charge mode, the one or more electrochemical cells may reduce metal from an oxidized state to a zero valence state with a first electric current applied across the one or more electrochemical cells. In the discharge mode, the one or more electrochemical cells may oxidize at least some of the metal from the zero valence state to the oxidized state to generate a second electric current, oppositely charged relative to the first electric current, to generate electricity (e.g., for delivery to the grid). Operation of the one or more electrochemical cells of the electrowinning plant may be selectively changed between the charge mode and the discharge mode based on, for example, availability/cost of electricity from the grid.
C25C 1/02 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of light metals
C25C 1/06 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese
C25C 1/08 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese of nickel or cobalt
C25C 1/10 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese of chromium or manganese
C25C 1/12 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of copper
C25C 1/18 - Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of lead
C25C 7/00 - Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cellsServicing or operating of cells
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elementsFuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
H01M 12/06 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
A stationary hybrid battery back-up system incorporates two different battery units that differ in terms of recharging efficiency, cycle life, power capability, depth of discharge threshold, temperature threshold, internal impedance threshold, charger rate efficiency and/or stand-by efficiency. The battery back-up system of the present invention comprises an auxiliary power supply that can be used to charge the first and second batteries and/or provide power to a load. When the operating voltage of the system drops, due to a power failure of a power source, the control system may couple the first and/or second battery unit to a load. The control system may have voltage threshold limits wherein it engages the first and second battery units to support the load demand. The first and second battery units may be charge by the auxiliary power supply when the operating voltage is above a threshold level.
H02J 7/34 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Batteries; Renewable battery systems to provide backup power; Battery arrays; Inverters; Energy storage systems consisting of electrical storage batteries
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Batteries; Renewable battery systems to provide backup power; Battery arrays; Inverters; Energy storage systems consisting of electrical storage batteries
7.
FEEDSTOCKS AND METHODS FOR FABRICATION OF IRON ELECTRODES USING SULFIDE-CONTAINING PARTICLES
According to one aspect, a feedstock for fabricating an iron electrode of an electrochemical cell may include iron-containing particles of a first material, sulfide-containing particles of a second material different from the first material, and a barrier material different from each of the first material and the second material, the barrier material at least partially physically separating the sulfide-containing particles from the iron particles, the at least partial physical separation of the iron-containing particles from the sulfide-containing particles maintainable by the barrier material at temperatures at which iron in the iron-containing particles bonds in the solid state.
An electrochemical cell utilizes an air flow device that draws air through the cell from a scrubber that may be removed while the system is operating. The negative pressure generated by the air flow device allows ambient air to enter the cell housing when the scrubber is removed, thereby enabling continued operation without the scrubber. A moisture management system passes outflow air from the cell through a humidity exchange module that transfers moisture to the air inflow, thereby increasing the humidity of the air inflow. A recirculation feature comprising a valve allow a controller to recirculate at least a portion of the outflow air back into the inflow air. The system may comprise an inflow bypass conduit and valve that allows the humidified inflow air to pass into the cell inlet without passing through the scrubber. The scrubber may contain reversible or irreversible scrubber media.
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/0668 - Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
H01M 12/06 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
A carbon-oxygen battery system, including: a Boudouard reactor in fluid communication with an electrochemical cell, wherein the electrochemical cell has a CO/CO2 inlet, a CO/CO2 outlet, and an oxygen outlet, and wherein the CO/CO2 outlet is fluidly connected by a first stream to an inlet of the Boudouard reactor, and wherein the CO/CO2 inlet is fluidly connected by a second stream to an outlet of the Boudouard reactor, and a CO/CO2 tank fluidly connected to at least one of the first stream or the second stream.
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/0668 - Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
H01M 8/12 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
H01M 8/1246 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
10.
FEEDSTOCKS AND METHODS FOR FABRICATION OF IRON ELECTRODES USING SULFIDE-CONTAINING PARTICLES
According to one aspect, a feedstock for fabricating an iron electrode of an electrochemical cell may include iron-containing particles of a first material, sulfide-containing particles of a second material different from the first material, and a barrier material different from each of the first material and the second material, the barrier material at least partially physically separating the sulfide-containing particles from the iron particles, the at least partial physical separation of the iron-containing particles from the sulfide-containing particles maintainable by the barrier material at temperatures at which iron in the iron-containing particles bonds in the solid state.
Physical and/or financial instruments may optimally hedge the cash flow of one or more renewable energy generators based on a desired risk and return profile of renewable infrastructure investors. Baseline revenues may be determined based on forward-looking electricity market price scenarios corresponding to qualified market products intended for sale from the renewable energy generators. Risk and return metrics of cash flows of the renewable energy generators may be determined. At least one physical hedge and/or financial hedge may be added. The size and operation of the renewable energy generators along with any physical hedges, or financial hedges, or both physical and financial hedges, may be optimized across multiple market price scenarios of qualified market products to optimize investor-tailored risk and return utility functions.
According to one aspect, an additive for an iron negative electrode of an alkaline electrochemical cell may include a powder of discrete granules including agglomerated particles, the agglomerated particles including at least one metal sulfide.
A direct reduction method to manufacture a direct reduced iron product 12 having a carbon content less than 1.8% by weight and a shaft furnace exit temperature lower than 65°C. A carbon-containing cooling gas 30 is introduced into the cooling zone 3 of the shaft furnace 1 with a flow rate higher than 800Nm3/ton of Direct Reduced Iron produced.
A direct reduction method to manufacture a direct reduced iron product 12 having a carbon content less than 1.8% by weight and a shaft furnace exit temperature lower than 65°C. A carbon-containing cooling gas 30 is introduced into the cooling zone 3 of the shaft furnace 1 with a flow rate higher than 800Nm3/ton of Direct Reduced Iron produced.
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a battery including a rolling diaphragm configured to move to accommodate an internal volume change of one or more components of the battery. Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a battery housing including a rolling diaphragm seal disposed between an interior volume of the battery and an electrode assembly within the battery. Various embodiments may provide an air electrode assembly including an air electrode supported on a buoyant platform such that the air electrode is above a surface of a volume of electrolyte when the buoyant platform is floating in the electrolyte.
According to one aspect, an electrochemical cell may include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte separating the positive electrode and the negative electrode from one another. The positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolyte may collectively store and discharge energy by an electrode reaction of chlorine dioxide (ClO2).
H01M 8/22 - Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elementsFuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
An iron-air battery including an iron electrode in contact with an anode current collector, wherein the iron electrode includes a plurality of channels; an oxygen reduction reaction electrode having a first surface facing the plurality of channels and an opposing second surface in contact with air; an oxygen evolution reaction electrode interdigitated with the plurality of channels of the iron electrode, wherein at least a portion of the oxygen evolution reaction electrode is disposed within the plurality of channels in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the oxygen reduction reaction electrode; and an electrolyte in contact with the iron electrode, the first surface of the oxygen reduction reaction electrode, the plurality of channels, and the oxygen evolution reaction electrode.
H01M 12/06 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
H01M 4/52 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
H01M 50/138 - Primary casingsJackets or wrappings adapted for specific cells, e.g. electrochemical cells operating at high temperature
A carbon-oxygen battery system, including: a Boudouard reactor in fluid communication with an electrochemical cell, wherein the electrochemical cell has a CO/CO2 inlet, a CO/CO2 outlet, and an oxygen outlet, and wherein the CO/CO2 outlet is fluidly connected by a first stream to an inlet of the Boudouard reactor, and wherein the CO/CO2 inlet is fluidly connected by a second stream to an outlet of the Boudouard reactor; and a CO/CO2 tank fluidly connected to at least one of the first stream or the second stream.
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/1246 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
An iron-air battery including an iron electrode in contact with an anode current collector, wherein the iron electrode includes a plurality of channels; an oxygen reduction reaction electrode having a first surface facing the plurality of channels and an opposing second surface in contact with air; an oxygen evolution reaction electrode interdigitated with the plurality of channels of the iron electrode, wherein at least a portion of the oxygen evolution reaction electrode is disposed within the plurality of channels in a direction perpendicular to a plane of the oxygen reduction reaction electrode; and an electrolyte in contact with the iron electrode, the first surface of the oxygen reduction reaction electrode, the plurality of channels, and the oxygen evolution reaction electrode.
H01M 12/06 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
H01M 4/86 - Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
A carbon-oxygen battery system, including: a Boudouard reactor in fluid communication with an electrochemical cell, wherein the electrochemical cell has a CO/CO2 inlet, a CO/CO2 outlet, and an oxygen outlet, and wherein the CO/CO2 outlet is fluidly connected by a first stream to an inlet of the Boudouard reactor, and wherein the CO/CO2 inlet is fluidly connected by a second stream to an outlet of the Boudouard reactor; and a CO/CO2 tank fluidly connected to at least one of the first stream or the second stream.
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
H01M 8/1246 - Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
21.
SOLID STATE ADDITIVES FOR IRON NEGATIVE ELECTRODES
According to one aspect, an additive for an iron negative electrode of an alkaline electrochemical cell may include a powder of discrete granules including agglomerated particles, the agglomerated particles including at least one metal sulfide.
Systems, methods, and devices for gas management of metal-air batteries. Each one of a plurality of electrochemical cells may include at least one air electrode, a metal electrode, a vessel, and a liquid electrolyte between the at least one air electrode and the metal electrode in the vessel, with each one of the plurality of electrochemical cells defining a respective headspace above the liquid electrolyte in the vessel. A manifold may include ducting defining a shared vent and an outlet region, and the respective headspace of each one of the plurality of electrochemical cells may be fluidically coupled to the shared vent and in fluid communication with the outlet region of the ducting.
H01M 50/358 - External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H01M 10/6563 - Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
H01M 10/6569 - Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
H01M 50/209 - Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
A stationary hybrid battery back-up system incorporates two different battery units that differ in terms of recharging efficiency, cycle life, power capability, depth of discharge threshold, temperature threshold, internal impedance threshold, charger rate efficiency and/or stand-by efficiency. The battery back-up system of the present invention comprises an auxiliary power supply that can be used to charge the first and second batteries and/or provide power to a load. When the operating voltage of the system drops, due to a power failure of a power source, the control system may couple the first and/or second battery unit to a load. The control system may have voltage threshold limits wherein it engages the first and second battery units to support the load demand. The first and second battery units may be charge by the auxiliary power supply when the operating voltage is above a threshold level.
H01M 10/46 - Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/34 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments may provide control and/or sensing circuit configurations for electrochemical energy storage systems, such as metal-air battery systems. Various embodiments may include systems, methods, and devices supporting terminal switching between a charge cathode and a discharge cathode of a metal-air battery, bypass switching for the metal-air battery, and/or electrolyte low level detection for the metal-air battery.
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
25.
CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRODE AND CELL COMPONENTS FOR METAL-AIR BATTERIES
According to an aspect, an electrochemical cell may include a vessel, at least two instances of an anode assembly, at least two instances of an oxygen evolution electrode (OEE), and a gas diffusion electrode (GDE). In the vessel, the GDE may be disposed between mirrored arrangements of the at least two instances of the OEE and the at least two instances of the anode assembly.
According to an aspect, an electrochemical cell may include a vessel, at least two instances of an anode assembly, at least two instances of an oxygen evolution electrode (OEE), and a gas diffusion electrode (GDE). In the vessel, the GDE may be disposed between mirrored arrangements of the at least two instances of the OEE and the at least two instances of the anode assembly.
According to one aspect, a power storage system may include an enclosure, and one or more modules disposed in the enclosure. Each of the one or more modules may include a plurality of electrochemical cells electrically coupled to one another, each one of the plurality of electrochemical cells including an oxygen evolution electrode (OEE), an anode, a gas diffusion electrode (GDE), an electrolyte, and a vessel and, within the vessel, the OEE, the anode, and the GDE at least partially immersed in the electrolyte.
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
H01M 50/284 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders with incorporated circuit boards, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB]
H01M 50/502 - Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteriesInterconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments may provide configurations for components of battery systems configured for thermal management. Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments may include a battery system with a plurality of metal-air batteries that each includes at least one air electrode, a metal electrode, a liquid electrolyte separating the at least one air electrode from the metal electrode, and a vessel including the liquid electrolyte. In various embodiments, the battery system may also include an air circulation system, a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) unit, and/or a liquid cooling system.
Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments may provide control and/or sensing circuit configurations for electrochemical energy storage systems, such as metal-air battery systems. Various embodiments may include systems, methods, and devices supporting terminal switching between a charge cathode and a discharge cathode of a metal-air battery, bypass switching for the metal-air battery, and/or electrolyte low level detection for the metal-air battery.
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
30.
Thermal Management System Architecture for Metal Air Batteries
Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments may provide configurations for components of battery systems configured for thermal management. Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments may include a battery system with a plurality of metal-air batteries that each includes at least one air electrode, a metal electrode, a liquid electrolyte separating the at least one air electrode from the metal electrode, and a vessel including the liquid electrolyte. In various embodiments, the battery system may also include an air circulation system, a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) unit, and/or a liquid cooling system.
According to one aspect, a power storage system may include an enclosure, and one or more modules disposed in the enclosure. Each of the one or more modules may include a plurality of electrochemical cells electrically coupled to one another, each one of the plurality of electrochemical cells including an oxygen evolution electrode (OEE), an anode, a gas diffusion electrode (GDE), an electrolyte, and a vessel and, within the vessel, the OEE, the anode, and the GDE at least partially immersed in the electrolyte.
H01M 50/507 - Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteriesInterconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising an arrangement of two or more busbars within a container structure, e.g. busbar modules
H01M 10/6556 - Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
H01M 10/6566 - Means within the gas flow to guide the flow around one or more cells, e.g. manifolds, baffles or other barriers
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
H01M 50/264 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
H01M 50/287 - Fixing of circuit boards to lids or covers
H01M 50/636 - Closing or sealing filling ports, e.g. using lids
32.
SOLID STATE ADDITIVES FOR IRON NEGATIVE ELECTRODES
According to one aspect, an additive for an iron negative electrode of an alkaline electrochemical cell may include a powder of discrete granules including agglomerated particles, the agglomerated particles including at least one metal sulfide.
According to one aspect, an additive for an iron negative electrode of an alkaline electrochemical cell may include a powder of discrete granules including agglomerated particles, the agglomerated particles including at least one metal sulfide.
An electrochemical cell utilizes an air flow device that draws air through the cell from a scrubber that may be removed while the system is operating. The negative pressure generated by the air flow device allows ambient air to enter the cell housing when the scrubber is removed, thereby enabling continued operation without the scrubber. A moisture management system passes outflow air from the cell through a humidity exchange module that transfers moisture to the air inflow, thereby increasing the humidity of the air inflow. A recirculation feature comprising a valve allow a controller to recirculate at least a portion of the outflow air back into the inflow air. The system may comprise an inflow bypass conduit and valve that allows the humidified inflow air to pass into the cell inlet without passing through the scrubber. The scrubber may contain reversible or irreversible scrubber media.
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/0668 - Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
H01M 12/06 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
35.
REFUELABLE BATTERY SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND COMPONENTS
A metal-air battery including: a current collector; a metal electrode including a metal and contacting the current collector; an air electrode on the metal electrode and opposite the current collector; a solid electrolyte between the metal electrode and the air electrode; a discharge product of the metal on the air electrode; wherein the metal-air battery is configured to release the discharge product.
Systems, methods, and devices for gas management of metal-air batteries. Each one of a plurality of electrochemical cells may include at least one air electrode, a metal electrode, a vessel, and a liquid electrolyte between the at least one air electrode and the metal electrode in the vessel, with each one of the plurality of electrochemical cells defining a respective headspace above the liquid electrolyte in the vessel. A manifold may include ducting defining a shared vent and an outlet region, and the respective headspace of each one of the plurality of electrochemical cells may be fluidically coupled to the shared vent and in fluid communication with the outlet region of the ducting.
H01M 50/35 - Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
H01M 50/30 - Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
H01M 12/06 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
Systems, methods, and device of the various embodiments may support energy storage devices in which electrochemical oxidation and reduction of one or more redox-active oxyanions occurs during charging and/or discharging of the energy storage device.
Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments may include battery string arrangements for power systems, such as dynamic battery string configurations, inter-module connections, and other configurations.
Various embodiments include processes for purifying and/or preparing iron-bearing materials. Various embodiments include purification and/or preparation of iron ores, iron, and their intermediates. Various embodiments include processes for purifying iron-bearing materials comprising leaching one or more soluble species of impurities out of iron-bearing materials using a leaching solution comprising fluorine.
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide bifacial sealed gas diffusion electrode (GDE) assemblies. In some embodiments, a bifacial sealed gas diffusion electrode (GDE) assembly includes active electrode layers on two opposing sides of the assembly. Various embodiments may provide architecture and/or sealing methods for GDE assemblies. In various embodiments, the GDE assemblies may be for use in devices. In various embodiments, the devices may be primary or secondary batteries. In various embodiments, these devices may be useful for energy storage. For example, bifacial sealed GDE assemblies of the various embodiments may form cathode electrodes (sometimes called air electrodes) of a battery, such as a metal-air battery.
H01M 12/06 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
H01M 50/505 - Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteriesInterconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising a single busbar
Various embodiments provide a battery, a bulk energy storage system including the battery, and/or a method of operating the bulk energy storage system including the battery. In various embodiment, the battery may include a first electrode, an electrolyte, and a second electrode, wherein one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises direct reduced iron (“DRI”). In various embodiments, the DRI may be in the form of pellets. In various embodiments, the pellets may comprise at least about 60 wt % iron by elemental mass, based on the total mass of the pellets. In various embodiments, one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises from about 60% to about 90% iron and from about 1% to about 40% of a component comprising one or more of the materials selected from the group of SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, and TiO2.
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
42.
ELECTROLYTE FORMULATIONS AND ADDITIVES FOR IRON ANODE ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS
Systems, methods, and devices of various aspects include using tin, antimony, and/or indium as an additive to an electrolyte and/or electrode in an electrochemical system, such as a battery, having an iron-based anode. In some aspects, the addition of tin, antimony, and/or indium may improve cycling of the iron-based anode. Systems, methods, and devices of various aspects include using high hydroxide concentration electrolyte in an electrochemical system, such as a battery. In some aspects, a high hydroxide concentration electrolyte may increase the stored amount of charge stored in the cell (i.e., the capacity of the battery material) and/or decrease the overpotential (i.e., increase the voltage) of the battery.
The present disclosure is directed to high-purity iron materials and systems and methods of producing such high-purity iron materials based on cost-effective transformation of low-cost iron feedstocks. In general, the methods of production using the systems described herein may include acid leaching low-purity iron ores to create an iron-rich acid solution, which may be purified to remove residual soluble impurities and hydrolyzed to produce high purity iron oxide powder. The high purity iron oxide powder may be reduced to form high purity iron metal suitable for a variety of end-uses, including use in batteries.
The present disclosure is directed to high-purity iron materials and systems and methods of producing such high-purity iron materials based on cost-effective transformation of low-cost iron feedstocks. In general, the methods of production using the systems described herein may include acid leaching low-purity iron ores to create an iron-rich acid solution, which may be purified to remove residual soluble impurities and hydrolyzed to produce high purity iron oxide powder. The high purity iron oxide powder may be reduced to form high purity iron metal suitable for a variety of end-uses, including use in batteries.
Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments may include battery string configurations for power systems, such as dynamic battery string configurations, intermodule connections, etc. Various embodiments may include a battery system comprising two or more strings of batteries, and an electrical power conversion system connected to the strings of batteries and controllable to change configuration of connections of a set of switches to the two or more strings based on the operating state of the battery system.
Systems, methods, and device of the various embodiments may support energy storage devices in which electrochemical oxidation and reduction of one or more redox-active oxyanions occurs during charging and/or discharging of the energy storage device.
Systems, methods, and devices of various aspects include using tin, antimony, and/or indium as an additive to an electrolyte and/or electrode in an electrochemical system, such as a battery, having an iron-based anode. In some aspects, the addition of tin, antimony, and/or indium may improve cycling of the iron-based anode. Systems, methods, and devices of various aspects include using high hydroxide concentration electrolyte in an electrochemical system, such as a battery. In some aspects, a high hydroxide concentration electrolyte may increase the stored amount of charge stored in the cell (i.e., the capacity of the battery material) and/or decrease the overpotential (i.e., increase the voltage) of the battery.
Systems, methods, and device of the various embodiments may support energy storage devices in which electrochemical oxidation and reduction of one or more redox-active oxyanions occurs during charging and/or discharging of the energy storage device.
Various embodiments include processes for purifying and/or preparing iron-bearing materials. Various embodiments include purification and/or preparation of iron ores, iron, and their intermediates. Various embodiments include processes for purifying iron-bearing materials comprising leaching one or more soluble species of impurities out of iron-bearing materials using a leaching solution comprising fluorine.
C22B 7/00 - Working-up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals or compounds thereof
C22B 9/10 - General processes of refining or remelting of metalsApparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agentsUse of materials therefor
H01M 4/13 - Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulatorsProcesses of manufacture thereof
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide bifacial sealed gas diffusion electrode (GDE) assemblies. In some embodiments, a bifacial sealed gas diffusion electrode (GDE) assembly includes active electrode layers on two opposing sides of the assembly. Various embodiments may provide architecture and/or sealing methods for GDE assemblies. In various embodiments, the GDE assemblies may be for use in devices. In various embodiments, the devices may be primary or secondary batteries. In various embodiments, these devices may be useful for energy storage. For example, bifacial sealed GDE assemblies of the various embodiments may form cathode electrodes (sometimes called air electrodes) of a battery, such as a metal-air battery.
H01M 12/06 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
In an aspect, provided is an alkaline rechargeable battery comprising: i) a battery container sealed against the release of gas up to at least a threshold gas pressure, ii) a volume of an aqueous alkaline electrolyte at least partially filling the container to an electrolyte level; iii) a positive electrode containing positive active material and at least partially submerged in the electrolyte; iv) an iron negative electrode at least partially submerged in the electrolyte, the iron negative electrode comprising iron active material; v) a separator at least partially submerged in the electrolyte provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; vi) an auxiliary oxygen gas recombination electrode electrically connected to the iron negative electrode by a first electronic component, ionically connected to the electrolyte by a first ionic pathway, and exposed to a gas headspace above the electrolyte level by a first gas pathway.
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
Systems, methods, and device of the various embodiments may support energy storage devices in which electrochemical oxidation and reduction of one or more redox-active oxyanions occurs during charging and/or discharging of the energy storage device.
Physical and/or financial instruments may optimally hedge the cash flow of one or more renewable energy generators based on a desired risk and return profile of renewable infrastructure investors. Baseline revenues may be determined based on forward-looking electricity market price scenarios corresponding to qualified market products intended for sale from the renewable energy generators. Risk and return metrics of cash flows of the renewable energy generators may be determined. At least one physical hedge and/or financial hedge may be added. The size and operation of the renewable energy generators along with any physical hedges, or financial hedges, or both physical and financial hedges, may be optimized across multiple market price scenarios of qualified market products to optimize investor-tailored risk and return utility functions.
Systems, methods, and devices may enable management of a renewable power asset. A control device may generate a Day-Ahead (DA) pricing model, a Real-Time (RT) pricing model and a renewable generation model for the renewable power asset. Optimal DA commitments may be determined, and an optimal RT schedule estimated. A DA power delivery strategy and an RT power delivery strategy may be determined. The determined DA and RT power delivery strategies may be evaluated based on obtained real power prices. The DA and RT power delivery strategies may be redetermined, and the renewable power asset may be controlled to deliver power the DA and RT power delivery strategies. The value of the renewable power asset may be maximized while bounding financial risks and returns associated with scheduling the renewable power asset as tailored to risk preferences of the renewable power asset owner or operator.
G06Q 10/04 - Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
G06Q 10/0631 - Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
G05B 13/04 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
G05B 13/02 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
G06Q 10/0637 - Strategic management or analysis, e.g. setting a goal or target of an organisationPlanning actions based on goalsAnalysis or evaluation of effectiveness of goals
Systems, methods, and devices of various aspects include using tin and/or antimony as an additive to an electrolyte and/or electrode in an electrochemical system, such as a battery, having an iron-based anode. In some aspects, the addition of tin and/or antimony may improve cycling of the iron-based anode. Systems, methods, and devices of various aspects include using high hydroxide concentration electrolyte in an electrochemical system, such as a battery. In some aspects, a high hydroxide concentration electrolyte may increase the stored amount of charge stored in the cell (i.e., the capacity of the battery material) and/or decrease the overpotential (i.e., increase the voltage) of the battery.
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable battery for the power grid to provide a sustainable, cost-effective, and/or operationally efficient solution to energy source variability and/or energy demand variability. In particular, the systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable primary battery solution that addresses bulk seasonal energy storage needs, variable demand needs, and other challenges.
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable battery for the power grid to provide a sustainable, cost-effective, and/or operationally efficient solution to energy source variability and/or energy demand variability. In particular, the systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide a refuelable primary battery solution that addresses bulk seasonal energy storage needs, variable demand needs, and other challenges.
Systems, methods, and devices of various aspects include using tin and/or antimony as an additive to an electrolyte and/or electrode in an electrochemical system, such as a battery, having an iron-based anode. In some aspects, the addition of tin and/or antimony may improve cycling of the iron-based anode. Systems, methods, and devices of various aspects include using high hydroxide concentration electrolyte in an electrochemical system, such as a battery. In some aspects, a high hydroxide concentration electrolyte may increase the stored amount of charge stored in the cell (i.e., the capacity of the battery material) and/or decrease the overpotential (i.e., increase the voltage) of the battery.
Systems, methods, and devices of various aspects include using tin and/or antimony as an additive to an electrolyte and/or electrode in an electrochemical system, such as a battery, having an iron-based anode. In some aspects, the addition of tin and/or antimony may improve cycling of the iron-based anode. Systems, methods, and devices of various aspects include using high hydroxide concentration electrolyte in an electrochemical system, such as a battery. In some aspects, a high hydroxide concentration electrolyte may increase the stored amount of charge stored in the cell (i.e., the capacity of the battery material) and/or decrease the overpotential (i.e., increase the voltage) of the battery.
A fuel electrode incorporates a first and second corrugated portion that are attached to each other at offset angles respect to their corrugation axis and therefore reinforce each other. A first corrugated portion may extend orthogonally with respect to a second corrugated portion. The first and second corrugated portions may be formed from metal wire and may therefore have a very high volumetric void fraction and a high surface area to volume ratio (sa/vol). In addition, the strands of the wire may be selected to enable high conductivity to the current collectors while maximizing the sa/vol. In addition, the shape of the corrugation, including the period distance, amplitude and geometry may be selected with respect to the stiffness requirements and electrochemical cell application factors. The first and second corrugated portions may be calendared or crushed to reduce thickness of the fuel electrode.
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
H01M 4/02 - Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
62.
Systems and methods for managing a renewable power asset
Systems, methods, and devices may enable management of a renewable power asset. A control device may generate a Day-Ahead (DA) pricing model, a Real-Time (RT) pricing model and a renewable generation model for the renewable power asset. Optimal DA commitments may be determined, and an optimal RT schedule estimated. A DA power delivery strategy and an RT power delivery strategy may be determined. The determined DA and RT power delivery strategies may be evaluated based on obtained real power prices. The DA and RT power delivery strategies may be redetermined, and the renewable power asset may be controlled to deliver power the DA and RT power delivery strategies. The value of the renewable power asset may be maximized while bounding financial risks and returns associated with scheduling the renewable power asset as tailored to risk preferences of the renewable power asset owner or operator.
G06Q 10/04 - Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
G05B 13/02 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
G05B 13/04 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
H02J 3/38 - Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
H02J 3/32 - Arrangements for balancing the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
Various embodiments may include a battery electrode, comprising: an iron electrode body comprising iron active material and a zinc sulfide additive, wherein the zinc sulfide additive comprises crystalline cubic zinc sulfide. Various embodiments may include a battery electrode, comprising: an iron electrode body comprising iron active material and a manganese sulfide additive, wherein the manganese sulfide additive comprises crystalline cubic manganese sulfide. Various embodiments may include an iron electrode battery, comprising: an iron electrode; and a sulfide reservoir separate from the iron electrode, the sulfide reservoir comprising crystalline cubic zinc sulfide. Various embodiments may include an iron electrode battery, comprising: an iron electrode and a sulfide reservoir separate from the iron electrode, the sulfide reservoir comprising crystalline cubic manganese sulfide.
Various embodiments may include a battery electrode, comprising: an iron electrode body comprising iron active material and a zinc sulfide additive, wherein the zinc sulfide additive comprises crystalline cubic zinc sulfide. Various embodiments may include a battery electrode, comprising: an iron electrode body comprising iron active material and a manganese sulfide additive, wherein the manganese sulfide additive comprises crystalline cubic manganese sulfide. Various embodiments may include an iron electrode battery, comprising: an iron electrode; and a sulfide reservoir separate from the iron electrode, the sulfide reservoir comprising crystalline cubic zinc sulfide. Various embodiments may include an iron electrode battery, comprising: an iron electrode and a sulfide reservoir separate from the iron electrode, the sulfide reservoir comprising crystalline cubic manganese sulfide.
Various embodiments may include a battery electrode, comprising: an iron electrode body comprising iron active material and a zinc sulfide additive, wherein the zinc sulfide additive comprises crystalline cubic zinc sulfide. Various embodiments may include a battery electrode, comprising: an iron electrode body comprising iron active material and a manganese sulfide additive, wherein the manganese sulfide additive comprises crystalline cubic manganese sulfide. Various embodiments may include an iron electrode battery, comprising: an iron electrode; and a sulfide reservoir separate from the iron electrode, the sulfide reservoir comprising crystalline cubic zinc sulfide. Various embodiments may include an iron electrode battery, comprising: an iron electrode and a sulfide reservoir separate from the iron electrode, the sulfide reservoir comprising crystalline cubic manganese sulfide.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Batteries; Supercapacitors for energy storage; Battery energy storage systems comprised of batteries, cables, switches, fuses, inverters, controls, racking, and containerized enclosure for the purpose of storing and discharging electricity
67.
METHOD OF IRON ELECTRODE MANUFACTURE AND ARTICLES AND SYSTEMS THEREFROM
Iron electrode materials, iron electrodes, and methods for fabricating said iron electrode materials and iron electrodes via elevated temperature thermomechanical processing of porous particulate iron materials are described. For example, as part of iron electrode manufacture, a particulate iron material into an apparatus may be provided. In addition, pressure and/or heat may be applied to the particulate iron material in the apparatus for a time period to form an electrode having therein conductive connections between particles of the particulate iron material.
H01M 12/06 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
68.
METHOD OF IRON ELECTRODE MANUFACTURE AND ARTICLES AND SYSTEMS THEREFROM
Iron electrode materials, iron electrodes, and methods for fabricating said iron electrode materials and iron electrodes via elevated temperature thermomechanical processing of porous particulate iron materials are described. For example, as part of iron electrode manufacture, a particulate iron material into an apparatus may be provided. In addition, pressure and/or heat may be applied to the particulate iron material in the apparatus for a time period to form an electrode having therein conductive connections between particles of the particulate iron material.
H01M 12/06 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
Iron electrode materials, iron electrodes, and methods for fabricating said iron electrode materials and iron electrodes via elevated temperature thermomechanical processing of porous particulate iron materials are described. For example, as part of iron electrode manufacture, a particulate iron material into an apparatus may be provided. In addition, pressure and/or heat may be applied to the particulate iron material in the apparatus for a time period to form an electrode having therein conductive connections between particles of the particulate iron material.
Physical and/or financial instruments may optimally hedge the cash flow of one or more renewable energy generators based on a desired risk and return profile of renewable infrastructure investors. Baseline revenues may be determined based on forward-looking electricity market price scenarios corresponding to qualified market products intended for sale from the renewable energy generators. Risk and return metrics of cash flows of the renewable energy generators may be determined. At least one physical hedge and/or financial hedge may be added. The size and operation of the renewable energy generators along with any physical hedges, or financial hedges, or both physical and financial hedges, may be optimized across multiple market price scenarios of qualified market products to optimize investor-tailored risk and return utility functions.
An electrochemical cell includes a mist elimination system that prevents mist from escaping from the cell chamber and conserves moisture within the cell. An exemplary mist elimination system includes a spill prevention device that reduces or prevents an electrolyte from escaping from the cell chamber in the event of an upset, wherein the electrochemical cell is tipped over. A mist elimination system includes a recombination portion that reacts with hydrogen to produce water, that may be reintroduced into the cell chamber. A mist elimination system includes a neutralizer portion that reacts with an electrolyte to bring the pH closer to neutral, as acid/base reaction. A mist elimination system includes a filter that captures mist that may be reintroduced into the cell chamber. A mist elimination system includes a hydrophobic filter on the outer surface to prevent water and other liquids from entering into the mist elimination system.
H01M 12/06 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
H01M 50/30 - Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
H01M 50/35 - Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
H01M 50/367 - Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or caseDouble cover vent systems
H01M 50/392 - Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases with means for neutralising or absorbing electrolyteArrangements for facilitating escape of gases with means for preventing leakage of electrolyte through vent holes
Materials, designs, and methods of fabrication for electrodes for electrochemical cells are disclosed. In various embodiments, the electrode comprises iron. Various embodiments may include materials, systems, and methods for the use of various iron-bearing materials, starting from the discharged or partially discharged state in an alkaline electrochemical cell, such as an Fe-Ni, Fe-MnO2, or Fe-air battery. Various embodiments may include a battery comprising an electrode comprising iron. In various embodiments, the iron may be in various forms, such as iron ore, iron concentrate, iron pellets, BF grade pellets, DR grade pellets, hematite, magnetite, wustite, martite, goethite, limonite, siderite, pyrite, ilmenite, spinel manganese ferrite, etc. In various embodiments, the iron may include impurity phases, such as SiO2, CaO, etc.
Materials, designs, and methods of fabrication for electrodes for electrochemical cells are disclosed. In various embodiments, the electrode comprises iron. Various embodiments may include materials, systems, and methods for the use of various iron-bearing materials, starting from the discharged or partially discharged state in an alkaline electrochemical cell, such as an Fe—Ni, Fe—MnO2, or Fe-air battery. Various embodiments may include a battery comprising an electrode comprising iron. In various embodiments, the iron may be in various forms, such as iron ore, iron concentrate, iron pellets, BF grade pellets, DR grade pellets, hematite, magnetite, wustite, martite, goethite, limonite, siderite, pyrite, ilmenite, spinel manganese ferrite, etc. In various embodiments, the iron may include impurity phases, such as SiO2, CaO, etc.
H01M 8/1027 - Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES]
Various embodiments relate to several processes that may recover commodity chemicals from an alkaline metal-air battery. In various embodiments, while the cell is operating, various side products and waste streams may be collected and processed to regain use or additional value. Various embodiments also include processes to be performed after the cell has been disassembled, and each of its electrodes have been separated such as not to be an electrical hazard. The alkaline metal battery recycling processes described herein may provide multiple forms of commodity iron, high purity transition metal ores, fluoropolymer dispersions, various carbons, commodity chemicals, and catalyst dispersions.
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
H01M 12/06 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
H01M 10/42 - Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
Various embodiments relate to several processes that may recover commodity chemicals from an alkaline metal-air battery. In various embodiments, while the cell is operating, various side products and waste streams may be collected and processed to regain use or additional value. Various embodiments also include processes to be performed after the cell has been disassembled, and each of its electrodes have been separated such as not to be an electrical hazard. The alkaline metal battery recycling processes described herein may provide multiple forms of commodity iron, high purity transition metal ores, fluoropolymer dispersions, various carbons, commodity chemicals, and catalyst dispersions.
H01M 10/54 - Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
H01M 4/50 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
H01M 12/06 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
A stationary hybrid battery back-up system incorporates two different battery units that differ in terms of recharging efficiency, cycle life, power capability, depth of discharge threshold, temperature threshold, internal impedance threshold, charger rate efficiency and/or stand-by efficiency. The battery back-up system of the present invention comprises an auxiliary power supply that can be used to charge the first and second batteries and/or provide power to a load. When the operating voltage of the system drops, due to a power failure of a power source, the control system may couple the first and/or second battery unit to a load. The control system may have voltage threshold limits wherein it engages the first and second battery units to support the load demand. The first and second battery units may be charge by the auxiliary power supply when the operating voltage is above a threshold level.
H01M 10/46 - Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
H02J 7/34 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
H02J 7/35 - Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
H02J 9/06 - Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Batteries; Supercapacitors for energy storage; Battery energy storage systems comprised of batteries, cables, switches, fuses, inverters, controls, racking, and containerized enclosure for the purpose of storing and discharging electricity
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Batteries; Supercapacitors for energy storage; Battery energy storage systems comprised of batteries, cables, switches, fuses, inverters, controls, racking, and containerized enclosure for the purpose of storing and discharging electricity
84.
Moisture and carbon dioxide management system in electrochemical cells
An electrochemical cell utilizes an air flow device that draws air through the cell from a scrubber that may be removed while the system is operating. The negative pressure generated by the air flow device allows ambient air to enter the cell housing when the scrubber is removed, thereby enabling continued operation without the scrubber. A moisture management system passes outflow air from the cell through a humidity exchange module that transfers moisture to the air inflow, thereby increasing the humidity of the air inflow. A recirculation feature comprising a valve allow a controller to recirculate at least a portion of the outflow air back into the inflow air. The system may comprise an inflow bypass conduit and valve that allows the humidified inflow air to pass into the cell inlet without passing through the scrubber. The scrubber may contain reversible or irreversible scrubber media.
H01M 12/08 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
H01M 12/06 - Hybrid cellsManufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
H01M 8/04119 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyteHumidifying or dehumidifying
H01M 8/04014 - Heat exchange using gaseous fluidsHeat exchange by combustion of reactants
H01M 8/04007 - Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 8/04089 - Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
H01M 8/0668 - Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
85.
HYDROGEN OXIDATION ELECTRODES AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS INCLUDING THE SAME
Materials, designs, and methods of fabrication for hydrogen oxidation electrodes and electrochemical cells including the same are disclosed. In various embodiments, hydrogen oxidation catalysts and corresponding substrates are provided that enable electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen evolved at the anode of aqueous batteries.
Materials, designs, and methods of fabrication for hydrogen oxidation electrodes and electrochemical cells including the same are disclosed. In various embodiments, hydrogen oxidation catalysts and corresponding substrates are provided that enable electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen evolved at the anode of aqueous batteries.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Batteries; Renewable battery systems to provide backup power; Battery arrays; Inverters; Energy storage systems consisting of electrical storage batteries
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Batteries; Renewable battery systems to provide backup power; Battery arrays; Inverters; Energy storage systems consisting of electrical storage batteries
91.
RECHARGEABLE BATTERY USING IRON NEGATIVE ELECTRODE AND MANGANESE OXIDE POSITIVE ELECTRODE
Materials, designs, and methods of fabrication for iron-manganese oxide electrochemical cells are disclosed. In various embodiments, the negative electrode is comprised of pelletized, briquetted, or pressed iron-bearing components, including metallic iron or iron-based compounds (oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, or combinations thereof), collectively called "iron negative electrode." In various embodiments, the positive electrode is comprised of pelletized, briquetted, or pressed manganese-bearing components, including manganese (IV) oxide (MnO2), manganese (III) oxide (Mn2O3), manganese (III) oxyhydroxide (MnOOH), manganese (II) oxide (MnO), manganese (II) hydroxide (Mn(OH)2), or combinations thereof, collectively called "manganese oxide positive electrode." In various embodiments, electrolyte is comprised of aqueous alkali metal hydroxide including lithium hydroxide (LiOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), cesium hydroxide (CsOH), or combinations thereof. In various embodiments, battery components are assembled in prismatic configuration or cylindrical configuration.
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide metal electrodes for electrochemical cells. In various embodiments, the electrodes may comprise iron. Various methods may enable achieving high surface area with low cost for production of metal electrodes, such as iron electrodes.
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide metal electrodes for electrochemical cells. In various embodiments, the electrodes may comprise iron. Various methods may enable achieving high surface area with low cost for production of metal electrodes, such as iron electrodes.
Materials, designs, and methods of fabrication for iron-manganese oxide electrochemical cells are disclosed. In various embodiments, the negative electrode is comprised of pelletized, briquetted, or pressed iron-bearing components, including metallic iron or iron-based compounds (oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, or combinations thereof), collectively called "iron negative electrode." In various embodiments, the positive electrode is comprised of pelletized, briquetted, or pressed manganese-bearing components, including manganese (IV) oxide (MnO2), manganese (III) oxide (Mn2O3), manganese (III) oxyhydroxide (MnOOH), manganese (II) oxide (MnO), manganese (II) hydroxide (Mn(OH)2), or combinations thereof, collectively called "manganese oxide positive electrode." In various embodiments, electrolyte is comprised of aqueous alkali metal hydroxide including lithium hydroxide (LiOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), cesium hydroxide (CsOH), or combinations thereof. In various embodiments, battery components are assembled in prismatic configuration or cylindrical configuration.
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide metal electrodes for electrochemical cells. In various embodiments, the electrodes may comprise iron. Various methods may enable achieving high surface area with low cost for production of metal electrodes, such as iron electrodes.
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
Materials, designs, and methods of fabrication for iron-manganese oxide electrochemical cells are disclosed. In various embodiments, the negative electrode is comprised of pelletized, briquetted, or pressed iron-bearing components, including metallic iron or iron-based compounds (oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, or combinations thereof), collectively called “iron negative electrode.” In various embodiments, the positive electrode is comprised of pelletized, briquetted, or pressed manganese-bearing components, including manganese (IV) oxide (MnO2), manganese (III) oxide (Mn2O3), manganese (III) oxyhydroxide (MnOOH), manganese (II) oxide (MnO), manganese (II) hydroxide (Mn(OH)2), or combinations thereof, collectively called “manganese oxide positive electrode.” In various embodiments, electrolyte is comprised of aqueous alkali metal hydroxide including lithium hydroxide (LiOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), cesium hydroxide (CsOH), or combinations thereof. In various embodiments, battery components are assembled in prismatic configuration or cylindrical configuration.
H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M 4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M 4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M 4/133 - Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
H01M 4/38 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
The present invention provides a membrane comprising a polyamine polymer. In another embodiment, the present invention provides an electrochemical cell comprising a membrane of the present invention; a positive electrode; and a negative electrode. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising a polyamine polymer of Formula J, I or II.
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide low cost bifunctional air electrodes. Various embodiments may provide a bifunctional air electrode, including a metal substrate and particles of metal and/or metal oxide catalyst and/or metal nitride catalyst coated on the metal substrate. Various embodiments may provide a bifunctional air electrode, including a first portion configured to engage an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a discharge mode and a second portion configured to engage an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in a charge mode. Various embodiments may provide a method for making an air electrode including coating a metal substrate with particles of metal and/or metal oxide catalyst and/or metal nitride catalyst. Various embodiments may provide batteries including air electrodes.
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide device architectures for batteries. In various embodiments, these may be primary or secondary batteries. In various embodiments these devices may be useful for energy storage. Various embodiments may provide a battery including an Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) electrode, an Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) electrode, a metal electrode; and an electrolyte separating the ORR electrode and the OER electrode from the metal electrode.
Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide device architectures for batteries. In various embodiments, these may be primary or secondary batteries. In various embodiments these devices may be useful for energy storage. Various embodiments may provide a battery including an Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) electrode, an Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) electrode, a metal electrode; and an electrolyte separating the ORR electrode and the OER electrode from the metal electrode.
