A composition contains a phosphonium catalyst, a polyorganohydrogensiloxane, and a hydrocarbonoxy-functional organosilicon compound. The composition is curable in a method including heating. The composition and method are useful for preparing polyorganosiloxane products such as coatings, adhesives, elastomers, and foams.
This disclosure relates to improvements in water-borne (meth)acrylic coating compositions, and resulting coatings made using said compositions by the introduction of pre-cross-linked silicone rubber microparticles to enhance water resistance and water vapor permeance of (meth)acrylic binders while improving color retention properties when compared with silicone water-borne coatings. Additionally, when compared to commercially available water-borne silicone coatings, the technology shows improved shelf-life and better film formation leading to improved dirt pickup resistance and color retention.
C09D 133/04 - Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
C08F 2/24 - Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents
C08J 3/05 - Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media from solid polymers
A composition contains a phosphonium catalyst and a polyorganohydrogensiloxane. The composition is curable in a method including heating. The composition and method are useful for preparing polyorganosiloxane products such as coatings, adhesives, elastomers, and foams.
C08G 77/08 - Preparatory processes characterised by the catalysts used
B01J 27/18 - PhosphorusCompounds thereof containing oxygen with metals
C08G 77/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon
The present invention is a compound of Formula 1: where Ar, X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R7, x, y, and z, are defined herein. The present invention provides a pre-catalyst that decomposes quickly to a platinum state that promotes hydrosilylation upon irradiation with light of the appropriate wavelength.
D21H 19/32 - Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon in the main chain of the macromolecule
5.
COMPOSITION WITH SILOXANE FUNCTIONALIZED PLATINUM(IV) PRE-CATALYST
The present invention is a composition comprising a) a compound functionalized with at least one Si-H group; b) a compound functionalized with at least one olefin group; and c) a compound of Formula 1: where Ar, X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R7, m, x, y, and z, are defined herein. The composition provides a pre-catalyst that decomposes quickly to a platinum state that promotes hydrosilylation upon irradiation with light of the appropriate wavelength.
C08F 4/6192 - Component covered by group containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
D21H 19/32 - Coatings without pigments applied in a form other than the aqueous solution defined in group comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon in the main chain of the macromolecule
6.
BENZYL OR ALLYL FUNCTIONALIZED PLATINUM(IV) PRE-CATALYST
The present invention is a compound of Formula (1): where R1, R2, R3, and x are as defined herein. The compound of the present invention is useful as a pre-catalyst for hydrosilylation reactions.
The present invention is a composition comprising a) a compound functionalized with at least one Si-H group; b) a compound functionalized with at least one olefin group; and c) compound of Formula 1: where x, R1, R2, and R3 are as defined herein. The composition provides a pre-catalyst that decomposes quickly to a platinum state that promotes hydrosilylation upon irradiation with light of the appropriate wavelength.
22) of less than 2.0 decigrams per minute (dg/min) with a polymer processing aid (PPA) to remove the melt fracture during extrusion, wherein the PPA comprises silicone polyether.
A composition and method for production of a methacryloxyalkyl-functional organosilicon compound, such as a methacryloxyalkyl-functional organosiloxane polymer with at least one silicon bonded hydrogen atom per molecule or a methacryloxyalkyl-functional organosiloxane polymer with at least one silicon bonded alkenyl group per molecule, is provided. A new inhibitor package provides the ability to produce the methacryloxyalkyl-functional organosilicon compound on a commercial scale, with heating under anaerobic conditions while avoiding gelation.
Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a foam, which may comprise the crosslinked reaction product of a maleic anhydride grafted olefin block copolymer (MAH-g-OBC) and a secondary alcohol. The foam may have a density less than or equal to 0.2 g/cc.
C08J 9/00 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof
C08J 9/12 - Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materialsAfter-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
C08L 51/00 - Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bondsCompositions of derivatives of such polymers
An automatic dishwashing composition is provided including a builder; a nonionic surfactant; a poly(glutamic acid); and a dispersant polymer selected from the group consisting of: (a) a non-sulfonated hydrophobic modified polymer, comprising (i) 60 to 98 wt %, based on weight of the non-sulfonated hydrophobic modified polymer, of structural units of formula I
An automatic dishwashing composition is provided including a builder; a nonionic surfactant; a poly(glutamic acid); and a dispersant polymer selected from the group consisting of: (a) a non-sulfonated hydrophobic modified polymer, comprising (i) 60 to 98 wt %, based on weight of the non-sulfonated hydrophobic modified polymer, of structural units of formula I
An automatic dishwashing composition is provided including a builder; a nonionic surfactant; a poly(glutamic acid); and a dispersant polymer selected from the group consisting of: (a) a non-sulfonated hydrophobic modified polymer, comprising (i) 60 to 98 wt %, based on weight of the non-sulfonated hydrophobic modified polymer, of structural units of formula I
wherein each R1 is independently selected from a hydrogen and a —CH3 group; and (ii) 2 to 40 wt %, based on weight of the non-sulfonated hydrophobic modified polymer, of structural units of formula II
An automatic dishwashing composition is provided including a builder; a nonionic surfactant; a poly(glutamic acid); and a dispersant polymer selected from the group consisting of: (a) a non-sulfonated hydrophobic modified polymer, comprising (i) 60 to 98 wt %, based on weight of the non-sulfonated hydrophobic modified polymer, of structural units of formula I
wherein each R1 is independently selected from a hydrogen and a —CH3 group; and (ii) 2 to 40 wt %, based on weight of the non-sulfonated hydrophobic modified polymer, of structural units of formula II
An automatic dishwashing composition is provided including a builder; a nonionic surfactant; a poly(glutamic acid); and a dispersant polymer selected from the group consisting of: (a) a non-sulfonated hydrophobic modified polymer, comprising (i) 60 to 98 wt %, based on weight of the non-sulfonated hydrophobic modified polymer, of structural units of formula I
wherein each R1 is independently selected from a hydrogen and a —CH3 group; and (ii) 2 to 40 wt %, based on weight of the non-sulfonated hydrophobic modified polymer, of structural units of formula II
wherein each R2 is independently selected from a —C1-4 alkyl group and wherein each R3 is independently selected from a hydrogen and a methyl group; (b) a sulfonated polymer; (c) an acrylic acid homopolymer; and (d) a mixtures thereof.
3333SiR, where R is a terminally unsaturated hydrocarbyl group containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms; (d) hydrosilylation catalyst; and (e) optionally, one or any combination of more than one component selected from solvent, additional release agents, hydrosilylation inhibitors, adhesion promoters, fumed silica and MQ resins.
A silicone-acrylic binder is made from a combination of I) a first aqueous emulsion containing a soft acrylic polymer, II) a second aqueous emulsion containing a silicone resin. The silicone-acrylic binder can be used to prepare a thermal insulation coating composition that may be applied on a metal (e.g., steel) substrate or primed substrate. A thermal insulation coating prepared by drying the thermal insulation coating composition provides the metal or primed substrate with resistance to corrosion under insulation.
An ultraviolet light-triggered hydrosilylation-curable composition contains: (a) a resin-linear polysiloxane containing on average at least 2 alkenyl groups per molecule and an average of less than 1.0 mole-percent SiOZ per moles of Si atoms; (b) a crosslinker containing an average of at least two SiH groups per molecule; (c) an ultraviolet light triggerable platinum catalyst; (d) greater than zero mass parts of platinum that is not part of the ultraviolet light triggerable platinum catalyst per million mass parts resin-linear polysiloxane; and (e) thiuram disulfide; where the concentration of crosslinker is sufficient to achieve a molar ratio of SiH to alkenyl groups from the resin-linear polysiloxane that is in a range of 0.25 to 2.0.
A hair conditioner formulation is provided, comprising: a vehicle; and a conditioning polymer, wherein the conditioning polymer is a cationic dextran polymer, comprising a dextran base polymer functionalized with morpholine groups and quaternary ammonium groups; wherein the dextran base polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 to 3,000,000 Daltons; wherein the morpholine groups are of formula (II) bound to a pendent oxygen on the dextran base polymer (II); and wherein the quaternary ammonium groups are of formula (III) bound to a pendent oxygen on the dextran base polymer (III); wherein (I) is a pendent oxygen on the dextran base polymer; wherein A and X are a divalent linking group; wherein R2 is a linear or branched C1-4 alkyl group; wherein R3 is a linear or branched C8-20 alkyl group.
A hair conditioner formulation is provided, comprising: a vehicle; and a conditioning polymer, wherein the conditioning polymer is a cationic dextran polymer, comprising a dextran base polymer functionalized with morpholine groups and quaternary ammonium groups; wherein the dextran base polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 to 3,000,000 Daltons; wherein the morpholine groups are of formula (II) bound to a pendent oxygen on the dextran base polymer (II); and wherein the quaternary ammonium groups are of formula (III) bound to a pendent oxygen on the dextran base polymer (III); wherein (I) is a pendent oxygen on the dextran base polymer; wherein A and X are a divalent linking group; wherein R2 is a linear or branched C1-4 alkyl group; wherein R3 is a linear or branched C8-20 alkyl group.
A laundry detergent formulation is provided including a detergent component; optionally, a crosslinked cellulose ether; and a drainage aid component, wherein the drainage aid component comprises: 40-99 wt % of an organopolysiloxane comprising: 0-60 mol % units of formula I
A laundry detergent formulation is provided including a detergent component; optionally, a crosslinked cellulose ether; and a drainage aid component, wherein the drainage aid component comprises: 40-99 wt % of an organopolysiloxane comprising: 0-60 mol % units of formula I
Rx1SiO(4-x)/2 (I)
40-100 mol % units of formula II
A laundry detergent formulation is provided including a detergent component; optionally, a crosslinked cellulose ether; and a drainage aid component, wherein the drainage aid component comprises: 40-99 wt % of an organopolysiloxane comprising: 0-60 mol % units of formula I
Rx1SiO(4-x)/2 (I)
40-100 mol % units of formula II
Ry1Rz2SiO(4-y-z)/2 (II)
wherein x is 0-3; y is 0-2; and z is 1-2; y+z is 1-3; R1 is a hydrogen, hydroxy or group having 1-8 carbon atoms; R2 is an -AcR3 group; A is a divalent linking group; c is 0-1; R3 is a group having 9-35 carbon atoms; 1-30 wt % of an organosilicon resin; 0-30 wt % of a hydrophobic additive; with proviso that when the laundry detergent formulation contains ≥0.02 wt % of the drainage aid component, the laundry detergent formulation will also contain at least 0.1 wt % of the crosslinked cellulose ether containing 0.1-0.6 wt % of polyether groups.
Method for reducing water entrained with laundry following machine rinse cycle is provided comprising selecting a laundry detergent formulation, including: a detergent component comprising a detergent surfactant; and drainage aid component comprising: 40-99 wt % organopolysiloxane; 1-30 wt % of organosilicon resin; 0-30 wt % of hydrophobic additive; dosing the selected laundry detergent formulation to a laundry washing machine with a soiled fabric article; providing a wash water; providing a rinse water; applying the wash water and the selected laundry detergent formulation to the soiled fabric article to provide a washed fabric article; rinsing the washed fabric article with the rinse water; and spinning the rinse water from the washed fabric article; wherein the organopolysiloxane is selected based on its ability to reduce the residual water entrained with the washed fabric article at completion of the rinse cycle.
The present disclosure provides a tetrabromophthalic anhydride polysiloxane. In an embodiment, the tetrabromophthalic anhydride polysiloxane (TP) has the structure of Formula (1) Formula (1) wherein each R is the same or different and each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and a C1-C20 hydrocarbonyl group; and wherein m is an integer greater than or equal to 0, n is an integer greater than or equal to 2; and m/n=0 to 10. The present disclosure also provides a polymeric composition including the TP of Formula (1) and a cable including the TP of Formula (1).
The present disclosure provides a tetrabromophthalic anhydride polysiloxane. In an embodiment, the tetrabromophthalic anhydride polysiloxane (TP) has the structure of Formula (1) Formula (1) wherein each R is the same or different and each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and a C1-C20 hydrocarbonyl group; and wherein m is an integer greater than or equal to 0, n is an integer greater than or equal to 2; and m/n=0 to 10. The present disclosure also provides a polymeric composition including the TP of Formula (1) and a cable including the TP of Formula (1).
C08G 77/26 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen nitrogen-containing groups
C09D 123/26 - Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bondCoating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
H01B 3/46 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materialsSelection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plasticsInsulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materialsSelection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances resinsInsulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materialsSelection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances waxes silicones
H01B 7/295 - Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
A composition containing: (a) a polyether with an average of 1.4 or more unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds per molecule; (b) one or more silyl-hydride functional polysiloxane crosslinker that is free of phenyl groups and that comprises 90 mole-percent or more of a combination of the following siloxane units: H(R3)2SiO1/2, SiO4/2 and optionally (R3)3SiO1/2 where the average number per molecule of H(R3)2SiO1/2 units is 2 or more, the average number per molecule of SiO4/2 units is one or more and the average number per molecule of (R3)3SiO1/2 units is such that the number of (R3)3SiO1/2 units divided by the sum of H(R3)2SiO1/2 and (R3)3SiO1/2 units is less than 0.7; where R3 is independently in each occurrence selected from hydrocarbyl groups having from one to 8 carbon atoms; and (c) a hydrosilylation catalyst; where the molar ratio of SiH/C═C in the composition is in a range of 0.3 to 10.
C08G 77/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon
The present invention is a compound of Formula I: where R1-R3, m, and n, are defined herein. The compound of the present invention is useful as an intermediate for photoinitiator that is soluble in an ethylenically unsaturated organopolysiloxane.
The present invention is a compound of Formula I: where R1-R3, m, and n, are defined herein. The compound of the present invention is useful as an intermediate for photoinitiator that is soluble in an ethylenically unsaturated organopolysiloxane.
An insulating, compressible, and flame-resistant foamed material comprises a polyorganosiloxane foam, a fire retardant, and micron-sized hollow ceramic particles. The foamed material is useful for providing heat insulation, flame resistance, and compressibility for applications such as lithium-ion batteries.
A composition comprises reactive polysiloxanes and hydroxyl-containing precursors, a fire retardant, and micron-sized hollow ceramic particles. The composition is useful in the preparation of an insulating, compressible, and flame-resistant foamed material that is useful for providing heat insulation, flame resistance, and compressibility for applications such as lithium-ion batteries.
This disclosure provides a one-component room temperature vulcanisable (RTV) silicone sealant composition comprising an alkoxy terminated organopolysiloxane polymer (a) and a tin-based catalyst (d) as well as a process for the preparation of said one-component room temperature vulcanisable (RTV) silicone sealant composition comprising an alkoxy terminated organopolysiloxane polymer (a) and a tin-based catalyst (d). The one-component room temperature vulcanisable (RTV) silicone sealant composition relies on a new stabilizing agent combination (e) of (e) (i) one or more silazanes and one or more silanes having at least one acetamido group (e) (ii) with the intention of providing a storage stable one-component room temperature vulcanisable (RTV) silicone sealant composition.
A process for treating a textile to impart hydrophilicity includes applying an aminosiloxane ester copolymer emulsion to the textile and drying the textile. The aminosiloxane ester copolymer emulsion includes a surfactant and water in addition to the aminosiloxane ester copolymer.
C09D 183/08 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
D06M 15/643 - Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain
The present invention is a compound of Formula I where R1-R4, m, and n, are defined herein. The compound of the present invention is useful as a photoinitiator that is soluble in an ethylenically unsaturated organopolysiloxane.
An aqueous coating film-forming composition is provided, comprising: (A) a solid lubricant as optional component; and (B) a silicone binder in the form of an oil-in-water silicone emulsion containing (b1) at least one emulsifier and (b2) colloidal silica; wherein if the total amount of a dry film obtained by removing water content is 100 mass%, the total content for sodium cation (Na +) and potassium cation (K +) is 1500 ppm or less. Applications thereof are also provided, e.g. airbag coatings.
C08J 3/03 - Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
A silicone composition contains (A) from 29 to 49 volume percent, based on the volume of the silicone composition, of an electrically conductive filler; (B) from 50 to 70 volume percent, based on the volume of the silicone composition, of an alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane having an average of at least two alkenyl groups per molecule; (C) a silyl-hydride functional polyorganosiloxane having an average of at least two silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule and free of an alkenyl group; wherein the silyl-hydride functional polyorganosiloxane is present in an amount sufficient to provide a molar ratio of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms to alkenyl groups for the composition of 0.5 to 3.0; (D) a platinum-based hydrosilylation reaction catalyst; and (E) from 0.025 to 2 weight percent, based on the weight of the silicone composition, of a polymer additive having a number average molecular weight in a range of greater than 1000 to 5000 grams per mole; wherein the polymer additive is selected from the group consisting of a poly (tetramethylene ether glycol) homopolymer, a poly (tetramethylene ether glycol) copolymer, and mixtures thereof.
A polyorganosiloxane composition contains: (A) an alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane having an average of at least two alkenyl groups per molecule; and (B) an adduct of (i) an alkali metal compound with (ii) an additive, wherein the additive (ii) is selected from the group consisting of (b1) a bis (triorganosilyl) dicarboxylate of formula (B-I), (b2) a tris (triorganosilyl) phosphite of formula (B-II), and mixtures thereof. The polyorganosiloxane composition shows improved thermal stability.
A polyorganosiloxane composition contains: (A) an alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane having an average of at least two alkenyl groups per molecule; and (B) an adduct of (i) an alkali metal compound with (ii) an additive, wherein the additive (ii) has the structure of formula (B-I). A method of preparing the polyorganosiloxane composition comprises contacting a mixture comprising the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane (A) and the alkali metal compound (i) with the additive (ii), and optionally, b) stripping the neutralized mixture obtained from step a). The polyorganosiloxane composition shows high clarity.
This relates to a one-part condensation curable silicone composition comprising a titanium-based reaction product obtained or obtainable from a process comprising the steps of (i) mixing a first ingredient, an alkoxy titanium compound having from 2 to 4 alkoxy groups with a second ingredient, a linear or branched polydiorganosiloxane polymer having at least two terminal silanol groups per molecule; (ii) enabling the first and second ingredients to react together by stirring under vacuum to form a reaction product; and collecting the reaction product of step (ii). It was identified that such a composition was suitable for use in humid climates i.e., hot and damp climates having high temperatures (e.g., greater than or equal to (≥) 30℃) and high relative humidity (RH) (e.g., greater than or equal to 75%RH) which is storage stable for at least 4 months.
C08G 77/16 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups to hydroxy groups
C08G 77/18 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups to alkoxy or aryloxy groups
C08G 77/50 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms by carbon linkages
21261212 aryl group; (C) 15 to 79 wt% of an organopolysiloxane containing vinylsiloxy groups at both ends, represented by Formula 1; and (D) 0.01 to 5 wt% of a photoinitiator; based on the total weight of the photocurable silicone composition, wherein the ratio of thiol groups and alkenyl groups (SH/Vi ratio) in the composition is 0.5 to 2.
A hair care formulation is provided, comprising: a dermatologically acceptable vehicle; a surfactant; a dermatologically acceptable oil; and a deposition aid polymer, wherein the deposition aid polymer is a cationic dextran polymer, comprising a dextran base polymer functionalized with quaternary ammonium groups; wherein the dextran base polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 3,000,000 Daltons; wherein the quaternary ammonium groups include a group of formula (II) (II); and a group of formula (III) (III); wherein is a pendent oxygen on the dextran base polymer; wherein X is a divalent linking group; wherein each R2 is independently selected from a C1-4 alkyl group; wherein each R3 is independently selected from a C1-4 alkyl group; and wherein each R4 is independently selected from a linear or branched C12 alkyl group; wherein the deposition aid polymer has a degree of substitution, DS(II), of formula (II) moieties of 0.01 to 0.2 and a degree of substitution, DS(III), of formula (III) moieties of >0 to <0.02.
A hair care formulation is provided, comprising: a dermatologically acceptable vehicle; a surfactant; a dermatologically acceptable oil; and a deposition aid polymer, wherein the deposition aid polymer is a cationic dextran polymer, comprising a dextran base polymer functionalized with quaternary ammonium groups; wherein the dextran base polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 3,000,000 Daltons; wherein the quaternary ammonium groups include a group of formula (II) (II); and a group of formula (III) (III); wherein is a pendent oxygen on the dextran base polymer; wherein X is a divalent linking group; wherein each R2 is independently selected from a C1-4 alkyl group; wherein each R3 is independently selected from a C1-4 alkyl group; and wherein each R4 is independently selected from a linear or branched C12 alkyl group; wherein the deposition aid polymer has a degree of substitution, DS(II), of formula (II) moieties of 0.01 to 0.2 and a degree of substitution, DS(III), of formula (III) moieties of >0 to <0.02.
A composition contains a crosslinked elastomer comprising polyolefin backbones crosslinked through polyether chains wherein the crosslinked elastomer has a carbon-silicon-carbon linkage between the polyolefin backbone and polyether chain and wherein the crosslinked elastomer is free of Si—O—Si bonds.
The present disclosure relates to a method of adhering silicone elastomers made from hydrosilylation curable silicone rubber compositions to an inorganic substrate using a suitable adhesion mediator, the use of the adhesion mediator for same and in relation to composite materials comprising inorganic substrates adhered to silicone elastomers using the aforementioned adhesion mediator composition.
B29C 45/00 - Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mouldApparatus therefor
B29C 45/14 - Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mouldApparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
B29C 64/106 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
B29K 83/00 - Use of polymers having silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain, as moulding material
Provided is a battery module comprising an array of spatially separated battery cells and a barrier material contacting adjacent battery cells. The barrier material, which comprises a polyorganosiloxane foam, a fire retardant, and hollow ceramic particles, provides flame-resistance, compressibility, and thermal insulation.
H01M 50/293 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
H01M 50/103 - Primary casingsJackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
H01M 50/107 - Primary casingsJackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
H01M 50/209 - Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
H01M 50/211 - Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells
H01M 50/213 - Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
The present invention is a composition comprising a) an epoxysilicone; b) a platinum catalyst; and d) a stabilizing amount of a stabilizer which is a geminal alkyn-ol or a maleate ester. The composition exhibits improved storage stability and is suitable for UV-catalyzed curing applications.
Methods may include detaching a battery pack adhered to a substrate by a multilayer composition, including: heating the multilayer composition to a detachment temperature above 60° C. the multilayer composition comprising one or more thermoplastic primer layers having a transition temperature in the range of 60° C. to 120° C., and one or more thermoset adhesive layers; and separating one or more layers of the multilayer composition to detach the battery pack from the substrate, wherein the substrate has a surface energy of 35 dynes/cm or greater.
H01M 50/233 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
H01M 50/218 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders characterised by the material
H01M 50/249 - MountingsSecondary casings or framesRacks, modules or packsSuspension devicesShock absorbersTransport or carrying devicesHolders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
This disclosure relates to hydrosilylation curable silicone rubber coating compositions comprise one or more alkenyl functional polyorganosiloxane resins, for treating textiles and fabrics, to textiles and fabrics such as inflatable safety restraint devices e.g., airbags coated with a cured product of the hydrosilylation curable silicone rubber coating compositions comprising said one or more alkenyl functional polyorganosiloxane resins and to a process for coating said textiles and fabrics such as inflatable safety restraint devices e.g., airbags with the hydrosilylation curable silicone rubber coating composition comprising one or more alkenyl functional polyorganosiloxane resins. The cured product of the hydrosilylation curable silicone rubber coating compositions herein are considered to have a lower total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) than seen with standard coating materials used to treat said textiles and fabrics which often contain MQ resins.
D06N 3/12 - Artificial leather, oilcloth, or like material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
39.
SILICONE AND FILLER COMPOSITION WITH HIGH FLOWABILITY
xyyM' (I) A process for treating fillers, use of said filler treating agent (C) in treating fillers, as well as an encapsulant, a sealant, a conformal coating and/or a thermal interface material obtained from said silicone and filler composition are also provided.
Provided is a curable silicone pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) composition comprising (A) an organopolysiloxane having alkenyl group in numbers greater than 1 on average per molecule; (B) a branched organopolysiloxane resin having very low content in OH/hydrolysable groups; (C) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two Si-H bonds in the molecule; (D) a fluoro-silicone polymer without having alkenyl or SiH functionality; and (E) a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst, wherein the mass ratio of component (B) to component (A) is within a range of 0.5 to 3.5, and the amount of component (D) based on combined weights of compositions (A) to (C) is 0.1 to 7.0 mass part on the solid basis. This PSA composition can form a pressure sensitive adhesive layer exhibiting a wet/dry side release force below 15 gf/inch at a peel rate of 0.3 m/min for PSA having a dynamic storage modulus at -20℃ lower than 1 MPa and a thickness of 50 μm.
ababab1631212-alkyl anhydride group; the sum of m and n is in the range of from 1 to 4; and -DHx- is a mono- or diradical of the compound of Formula 2: The composition of the present invention is capable of forming thin cured coatings on substrates with excellent physical properties.
C08G 77/14 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
C08G 77/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon
Provided is a silicone pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) laminate, comprising: a first release liner, a cured silicone PSA layer formed on the first release liner, and a second release liner on the cured silicone PSA layer; wherein the wet/tight side release force between the first release liner and the cured silicone PSA layer (the first interface) is below 100 gf/inch at a peel rate of 0.3 m/min for PSA having a dynamic storage modulus at -20℃ lower than 1 MPa and a thickness of 50 μm; or the wet/tight side release force between the first release liner and the cured silicone PSA layer (the first interface) is below 100 gf/inch at a peel rate of 0.3 m/min for PSA having a dynamic storage modulus at -20℃ lower than 1 MPa, a shear stress at 700% shear strain below 60 kPa and a thickness of 50 μm. The PSA laminate according to the present invention can exhibit low modulus at small deformation, low stress at large deformation, large creep etc.
The present disclosure provides a tetrabromophthalic anhydride diamine siloxane. In an embodiment, a tetrabromophthalic anhydride diamine siloxane (TDS) is provided with the structure of Formula (1) Formula (1) wherein n is an integer from 1 to 40; and each R is the same or different and each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and a C1-C20 hydrocarbonyl group. The present disclosure also provides a polymeric composition including the TDS of Formula (1) and a cable including the TDS of Formula (1).
The present disclosure provides a tetrabromophthalic anhydride diamine siloxane. In an embodiment, a tetrabromophthalic anhydride diamine siloxane (TDS) is provided with the structure of Formula (1) Formula (1) wherein n is an integer from 1 to 40; and each R is the same or different and each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and a C1-C20 hydrocarbonyl group. The present disclosure also provides a polymeric composition including the TDS of Formula (1) and a cable including the TDS of Formula (1).
C08L 23/0892 - Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing atoms other than carbon or hydrogen with monomers containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen
This disclosure relates to coated fabric articles, such as airbags and airbag fabric articles coated with the cured product of a hydrosilylation curable silicone rubber coating composition containing preformed silicone elastomeric particulates and to a method coating said articles, e.g., airbags or airbag fabric articles with the hydrosilylation curable silicone rubber coating compositions containing said preformed silicone elastomeric particulates.
D06N 3/12 - Artificial leather, oilcloth, or like material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
This disclosure relates to condensation curable room temperature vulcanisable (RTV) silicone compositions comprising physically recycled and/or reclaimed high temperature vulcanized (HTV) elastomeric silicone rubber particulates, and in particular to sealants, coatings and adhesives made from said condensation curable room temperature vulcanisable (RTV) silicone compositions comprising said physically recycled and/or reclaimed HTV elastomeric silicone rubber particulates, as well as methods for preparing said compositions and sealants, coatings, adhesives and the like.
This disclosure relates to a high temperature vulcanised silicone rubber elastomeric material having a Shore 00 hardness of greater than 60 and a Shore A hardness of less than 30 cured from a curable high temperature vulcanisable (HTV) silicone rubber composition curable high temperature vulcanisable (HTV) silicone rubber composition comprising physically recycled and/or reclaimed silicone rubber particulates obtained from cured silicone rubber elastomers cured silicone rubber elastomers having a Shore A hardness of from 5 to 50. The disclosure also relates to the high temperature vulcanisable (HTV) silicone rubber composition curable high temperature vulcanisable (HTV) silicone rubber composition defined above and a method for preparing said compositions and the high temperature vulcanised silicone rubber elastomeric materials. The Shore 00 and Shore A hardness values being measured in accordance with ASTM D2240-15.
This disclosure relates to curable high temperature vulcanizable or HTV silicone rubber compositions (i.e., usually cured/vulcanised at temperatures between about 100oC to 200oC) comprising physically recycled and/or reclaimed condensation cured elastomeric silicone particulates, silicone rubber elastomeric materials cured from said HTV curable silicone rubber compositions comprising physically recycled and/or reclaimed condensation cured elastomeric silicone particulates and a method for preparing said HTV curable silicone rubber compositions comprising physically recycled and/or reclaimed condensation cured elastomeric silicone particulates.
This disclosure relates to a high temperature vulcanised silicone rubber material having a high durometer (e.g., > 30 Shore A hardness) cured from a curable high temperature vulcanisable (HTV) silicone rubber composition comprising physically recycled and/or reclaimed silicone rubber particulates obtained from cured silicone rubber elastomers having a Shore A hardness durometer value of at least 30 and the difference in Shore A hardness between the HTV silicone rubber material cured from the curable HTV silicone rubber composition comprising the aforementioned physically recycled and/or reclaimed silicone rubber particulates and the Shore A hardness of the cured silicone rubber elastomers from which the aforementioned silicone rubber particulates are physically recycled and/or reclaimed is less than 30. The disclosure also relates to the composition for making the material and the method for same.
This disclosure relates to a method for the preparation of a curable silicone composition comprising preformed silicone elastomeric particulates. The method includes the steps of chemically tuning the preformed silicone elastomeric particulates by chemically capping reactive groups in or on the preformed silicone elastomeric particulates to render preformed silicone elastomeric particulates chemically unreactive with other components in the curable silicone composition, introducing a polyorganosiloxane to penetrate and swell said preformed silicone elastomeric particulates and mixing same with the other components of the curable silicone composition. It also relates to the resulting compositions and the cured elastomeric material resulting from the cure of said compositions.
The present invention is a compound of Formula 1: where each R is a C3-C12-alkyl anhydride group; the sum of m and n is in the range of from 1 to 4; and -DHx- is a diradical of the compound of Formula 2: where x is from 3 to 10; and y is x - 3. The compound is useful as an adhesion promoter in a composition suitable as an encapsulant for a variety of applications including automotive, electrical, electronic and medical applications.
C08G 77/08 - Preparatory processes characterised by the catalysts used
C08G 77/12 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to hydrogen
C08G 77/14 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
C08G 77/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon
C08K 5/549 - Silicon-containing compounds containing silicon in a ring
C07F 7/21 - Cyclic compounds having at least one ring containing silicon but no carbon in the ring
52.
RAPID LOW TEMPERATURE CURING MOLDABLE SILICONE COMPOSITIONS
A two-part curable silicone composition contains as separate parts: (a) a first part with an alkenyl-functional prepolymer that is a hydrosilylation reaction product of a first part pre-mixture containing a platinum hydrosilylation catalyst, alkenyl-functional linear polyorganosiloxanes, alkenyl-functional resinous polyorganosiloxanes, and a linear SiH functional chain extender; and (b) a second part with a linear alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane, a resinous alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane, a resinous SiH functional polyorganosiloxane crosslinker, and a hydrosilylation cure inhibitor; wherein the alkenyl-functional and SiH functional components are present in the two-part curable silicone composition so as to provide a SiH/C═C ratio that is 1.4 or less; and wherein the composition contains 6 weight part per million or less of platinum and 0.01 weight-percent or more hydrosilylation cure inhibitor, with concentrations based on the combined weight of the first and second parts.
This disclosure relates to a curable silicone composition comprising: (A) an organopolysiloxane resin having an alkenyl group in a molecule; (B) an organosiloxane oligomer having a viscosity at 25° C. of not more than 1,000 mPa·s, having at least one silicon atom-bonded alkenyl group or silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atom, and having at least one silicon atom-bonded aryl group in a molecule; (C) an organopolysiloxane having at least one alkenyl group and not having a silicon atom-bonded aryl group and SiO4/2 unit in a molecule, or an organopolysiloxane having at least one silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atom and not having a silicon atom-bonded aryl group in a molecule; (D) a silica filler; and (E) a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst. The composition has an excellent thixotropic property and can cure to form a transparent cured product despite containing a large quantity of an organopolysiloxane resin.
C08G 77/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon
C08G 77/08 - Preparatory processes characterised by the catalysts used
C08G 77/16 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups to hydroxy groups
A curable silicone composition contains (A) an alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane having an average of at least two alkenyl groups per molecule and free of a silicon atom-bonded alkoxy group, (B) from 0.1 to 20 weight percent of a silyl-hydride functional polyorganosiloxane having an average of at least two silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule and free of an alkenyl group, (C) from 3 to 50 weight percent of a specific silane terminated polyether, (D) a hydrosilation reaction catalyst present in an amount sufficient to provide 1 to 1000 ppm of platinum group metal, and (E) a condensation reaction catalyst; where weight percentages are relative to the weight of component (A) the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a resin composition in which filler precipitation and excessive thickening are suppressed and which can exhibit excellent conductivity. A resin composition according to the present invention comprises a matrix resin and a main conductive filler (A) that has a metal at least on a part of the surface thereof. The resin composition contains the main conductive filler (A) at a prescribed content ratio. The resin composition further comprises, at respective prescribed content ratios, a carbon-based conductive filler (B) having an aspect ratio of not less than 50 and/or a carbon-based conductive filler (C) having a specific surface area of not less than 10 m2/g.
This relates to a method of manufacture of silicone-polyolefin hybrid material using silicone rubber bases comprising high viscosity (i.e., greater than 1 million mPa.s at 25ºC) silicone polymers, fillers, and suitable polyolefin materials in a conical screw dump extruder. Such high viscosity silicone polymers are often referred to in the industry as silicone polymer gums or silicone gums. The disclosure also relates to the resulting silicone-polyolefin hybrid materials, their uses and products made therefrom.
B29B 7/20 - MixingKneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
B29B 7/74 - MixingKneading using other mixers or combinations of dissimilar mixers
A one-component pressure sensitive adhesive composition contains: (a) a silicone resin; (b) a linear silicone with an average of at least two terminal alkenyl groups per molecule; (c) a reactive diluent with a terminal alkenyl group; (d) a crosslinker having at least two silylhydride groups per molecule; (e) 1-COD hydrosilylation catalyst; (f) optionally hydrosilylation inhibitor; and (g) less than 10 weight-percent non-reactive organic solvent relative to one-component pressure sensitive adhesive composition weight.
C09J 5/06 - Adhesive processes in generalAdhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers involving heating of the applied adhesive
AQUEOUS COATING COMPOSITION CONTAINING AN AMINOSILOXANE ESTER COPOLYMER, METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF THE AQUEOUS COATING COMPOSITION, AND USE FOR TREATING LEATHER
An aqueous coating composition includes an aminosiloxane ester copolymer, an acrylic polymer or polyurethane polymer, a surfactant, and water. The aqueous coating composition can be prepared by mixing an aqueous emulsion comprising the aminosiloxane copolymer, the surfactant and water with an aqueous organic binder emulsion or dispersion. The aqueous coating composition is useful for leather treatment. The aqueous coating composition may be applied to a leather substrate and dried to remove water, thereby providing a coating with a low coefficient of friction on the leather substrate.
An aqueous coating composition includes an aminosiloxane ester copolymer, a polyurethane polymer, a surfactant, and water. The aqueous coating composition can be prepared by mixing an aqueous emulsion comprising the aminosiloxane copolymer, the surfactant and water with an aqueous polyurethane emulsion or dispersion. The aqueous coating composition is useful for leather treatment. The aqueous coating composition may be combined with a crosslinker, applied to a leather substrate and dried to remove water, thereby providing a coating with a low coefficient of friction on the leather substrate.
Provided is a silicone pottant composition, comprising (A) a silicone polymer having two or more alkenyl groups per molecule; (B) methyltrimethoxysilane oligomers; (C) an inorganic filler. The silicone pottant composition can be used as theremal conductive encapsulant/sealant, which exhibits good anti-settling properties, good flowablity and low viscosity, as well as good thermal conductivity due to high filler loading.
THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS (USA)
Inventor
Jeletic, Matthew
Weitzel, Alison
Bruske, Ericka
Ferrito, Michael Salvatore
Wenzlick, Zachary
Zimmerman, Kenneth
Abstract
A catalyst for hydrosilylation comprises a complex having a certain formula. The catalyst includes an imidazole moiety including at least one pendent substituent having a terminal ethylenic unsaturated group. A method of preparing the catalyst comprises reacting a platinum complex and an imidazole compound in the presence of a base reagent. A composition comprising the catalyst, an unsaturated compound (A), and optionally a silicon hydride compound (B) is further disclosed, along with a method of preparing a hydrosilylation reaction product.
A method of preparing a curved structural glazing composite comprises providing an initial composite comprising a metal frame and a glass panel with a silicone sealant disposed therebetween and cold bending the initial composite to give the curved structural glazing composite. A ratio of a thickness of the metal frame to a thickness of the silicone sealant in the curved structural glazing composite is less than 10.
B32B 38/00 - Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
B32B 1/00 - Layered products having a non-planar shape
B32B 3/04 - Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by a layer folded at the edge, e.g. over another layer
B32B 3/30 - Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layerLayered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. grooved, ribbed
B32B 7/12 - Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
B32B 17/06 - Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or fibres of glass, slag or the like comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 37/12 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
63.
FOAM STABILIZING COMPOSITION FOR FLUORINE-FREE FIREFIGHTING FOAMS
A foam stabilizing composition comprises (A) an anionic polymer and (B) a siloxane cationic surfactant comprising a cationic moiety having the formula Z1-D1-N(Y)a(R)2-a, wherein Z1 is a siloxane moiety, D1 is a divalent linking group, R is H or an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, subscript a is 1 or 2, and each Y has formula -D-NR13+, where D is a divalent linking group and each R1 is independently an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. An aqueous foam comprising the composition and method of using the same are also disclosed.
A laundry scenting composition is provided, including water; a solid carrier; a crosslinked cellulose ether containing 0.1 to 0.6 wt %, based on weight of the crosslinked cellulose ether, of polyether groups; and a scent additive; wherein the laundry scenting composition is a solid.
TEXTILE TREATMENT FOR IMPARTING OIL REPELLENCY INCLUDES USE OF A NON-CRYSTALLINE SILICONE – (METH)ACRYLATE COPOLYMER, A CRYSTALLINE POLYMER, AND A BLOCKED ISOCYANATE
A textile treatment emulsion can be made by mixing an aqueous emulsion including a non-crystalline silicone – (meth)acrylate copolymer, an aqueous composition including a crystalline component, and an aqueous composition containing a blocked isocyanate. The textile treatment emulsion can be applied on fabric and heated, thereby increasing oil repellency of the fabric.
D06M 15/263 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acidsSalts or esters thereof
D06M 15/356 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
D06M 15/564 - Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane linksPrecondensation products forming them
The present disclosure relates to curable silicone elastomer compositions which cure by hydrosilylation and which comprise an organopolysiloxane based adhesion promoter which, upon cure, provides enhanced adhesive properties for the resulting silicone elastomeric materials with respect to thermoplastic materials, organic resin based materials or both thermoplastic materials and organic resin based materials with which they are placed in direct contact prior to or during the cure process.
C08G 77/08 - Preparatory processes characterised by the catalysts used
C08G 77/12 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to hydrogen
C08G 77/14 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
C08G 77/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon
67.
ORGANOSILOXANE AND METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION AND USE THEREOF
An organosiloxane may have formula where each subscript n independently has an average value of 2 to 18, each R is an independently selected monovalent hydrocarbyl group, and each R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and a functional group containing a moiety selected from the group consisting of an acrylate group, an alcohol group, an alkoxy group, an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, a methacrylate group, and a urethane group is disclosed. The method for preparing the organosiloxane includes dehydrogenative condensation reaction of an aromatic silanediol and a cyclic polyorganohydrogensiloxane in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst. The method may optionally further includes hydrosilylation reaction to react functional groups onto the cyclic siloxane moieties. The organoiloxane is useful as a crosslinker or a co-crosslinker in silicone release coating compositions or an adhesion promoter in curable liquid silicone rubber compositions.
C08G 77/08 - Preparatory processes characterised by the catalysts used
C08G 77/12 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to hydrogen
C08G 77/14 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
C08G 77/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon
68.
LEATHER TREATMENT INCLUDING A SILICONE – (METH)ACRYLATE COPOLYMER AND AN ORGANIC BINDER TO IMPART WATER AND OIL REPELLENCY
A leather treatment composition includes: (I) an organic acrylic binder, (II) a silicone – (meth)acrylate copolymer, (III) a surfactant, (IV) water, and (V) an isocyanate. A process for treating leather includes: I) applying the leather treatment composition to a surface of a leather substrate and II) drying the substrate. The leather treatment composition and process may be used to impart stain and/or oil repellency to the leather substrate.
D06M 15/263 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acidsSalts or esters thereof
D06M 15/356 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
D06M 15/564 - Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane linksPrecondensation products forming them
69.
SILICONE – (METH)ACRYLATE COPOLYMER EMULSION AND PREPARATION THEREOF AND USE OF THE EMULSION TO IMPART OIL REPELLENCY TO TEXTILES
A textile treatment emulsion formulation includes a silicone - (meth)acrylate copolymer, a surfactant, water and a blocked isocyanate and method for its preparation are disclosed. The textile treatment emulsion may be used in a method including coating the emulsion formulation on a textile and heating the textile to dry the emulsion formulation. This method renders the textile oil repellent.
D06M 15/263 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acidsSalts or esters thereof
D06M 15/356 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
D06M 15/564 - Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane linksPrecondensation products forming them
70.
TEXTILE TREATMENT FOR IMPARTING OIL REPELLENCY INCLUDES USE OF A SILICONE – (METH)ACRYLATE COPOLYMER AND A URETHANE
A textile treatment emulsion can be made by mixing an aqueous emulsion of a silicone – (meth)acrylate copolymer and an aqueous emulsion of an alkyl urethane. The textile treatment emulsion can be applied on fabric and heated, thereby increasing oil repellency of the fabric.
D06M 15/263 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acidsSalts or esters thereof
D06M 15/356 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
D06M 15/564 - Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane linksPrecondensation products forming them
71.
TEXTILE TREATMENT USING NON-CRYSTALLINE SILICONE – (METH)ACRYLATE COPOLYMER, CRYSTALLINE (METH)ACRYLATE BASED (CO)POLYMER AND BLOCKED ISOCYANATE
i.e.i.e., a non-crystalline silicone –(meth)acrylate copolymer, a crystalline (meth)acrylate based polymer, and a blocked isocyanate; in addition to a surfactant, and water. The textile treatment emulsion can be prepared by cold blending aqueous emulsions of the different actives. A method for using the textile treatment emulsion includes coating the textile treatment emulsion on fabric, and then drying the fabric. The method renders the fabric oil repellent.
D06M 15/263 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acidsSalts or esters thereof
D06M 15/356 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
D06M 15/564 - Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane linksPrecondensation products forming them
72.
TEXTILE TREATMENT WITH SILICONE – (METH)ACRYLATE (CO)POLYMER, POLY[POLY(ALKYLENE GLYCOL) (METH)ACRYLATE], AND BLOCKED ISOCYANATE
A textile treatment emulsion includes a combination of actives; namely a silicone – (meth)acrylate copolymer, a poly(alkylene glycol (meth)acrylate copolymer), and a blocked isocyanate. The textile treatment emulsion can be applied to fabric and dried to impart oil repellency to the fabric.
D06M 15/263 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acidsSalts or esters thereof
D06M 15/356 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
D06M 15/564 - Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane linksPrecondensation products forming them
73.
TREATING LEATHER WITH SILICONE – (METH)ACRYLATE COPOLYMER EMULSION TO IMPART STAIN RESISTANCE AND OIL REPELLENCY
A method for treating leather to impart stain and oil repellency employs a composition including a silicone - (meth)acrylate copolymer. The leather treatment composition is an aqueous emulsion suitable for use on crust leather and base-coated leather. The method and composition that may further include a silicone polyether to improve coating uniformity, particularly when the method will be used to prepare a topcoat on base-coated leather. The leather treatment composition is PFAS-free.
D06M 15/263 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acidsSalts or esters thereof
D06M 15/356 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
D06M 15/564 - Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane linksPrecondensation products forming them
A paper treatment composition includes a silicone – (meth)acrylate copolymer, a surfactant, water, a crosslinker and a catalyst. The composition can be applied on paper, dried, and cured to form a coating. The coating imparts water and oil repellency to the paper while maintaining air permeability. The coated paper is useful for food packaging applications.
D06M 15/263 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acidsSalts or esters thereof
D06M 15/356 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
D06M 15/564 - Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane linksPrecondensation products forming them
D21H 17/00 - Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitutionPaper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
A toughened polyamide composition including a blend of: (A) at least one polyamide; (B) at least one impact modifier; and (C) at least one organic amine; a process for producing the toughened polyamide composition; and articles made from the toughened polyamide compositions.
A free standing film is provide, including: 20 to 100 wt %, based on weight of the free standing film, of an irreversibly crosslinked cellulose ether containing 0.1 to 0.6 wt %, based on weight of the crosslinked cellulose ether, of polyether groups. Unit dose packages including the free standing film are also provided.
An immersion coolant apparatus comprising 1) a heat exchanger (50), 2) a tank (10) containing an immersion coolant (30) and a heat generating device, and 3) a means for recirculating immersion coolant (30) between the tank (10) and the heat exchanger (50), wherein the immersion coolant (30) is characterized by the compound of Formula (1): where each R and n are defined herein. The cooling immersion apparatus is useful for dissipating heat from a heat generating device such as a data center server.
This disclosure relates to hydrosilylation curable silicone rubber coating compositions for treating textiles and fabrics containing an adhesion promoter comprising an organosilicon bisphenol adduct compound, comprising a bisphenyl unit which is not directly attached to a silicon atom, and at least one Si -H group It also extends to textiles and fabrics, such as inflatable safety restraint devices e.g., airbags coated with a cured product of the hydrosilylation curable silicone rubber coating compositions and to a process for coating said textiles and fabrics such as inflatable safety restraint devices e. g., airbags with the hydrosilylation curable silicone rubber coating composition. The hydrosilylation curable silicone rubber coating compositions have excellent flowability on the textiles surfaces and the textiles coated with a cured product of the hydrosilylation curable silicone rubber coating compositions herein are considered to have improved adhesion to woven fabrics and a lower total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) than seen with standard coating materials used to treat said textiles and fabrics.
D06M 15/643 - Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicon in the main chain
D06N 3/12 - Artificial leather, oilcloth, or like material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
A curable thermally conductive composition contains: (A) an alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane having a viscosity in a range of 25 to 2000 millipascal*seconds; (B) a silyl-hydride functional polysiloxane crosslinker; (C) from 94 to 97 weight-percent of thermally conductive fillers that contain (c1) from 30 to less than 55 weight-percent of aluminum particles having a D50 of 60 micrometers or more; (c2) from 20 to 40 weight-percent of thermally conductive fillers having a D50 of 1 to 10 micrometers; (c3) from 8 to 20 weight-percent of thermally conductive fillers having a D50 of 0.1 to less than 1 micrometer; and (c4) optionally, from zero to 20 weight-percent of thermally conductive fillers other than (c1), having a D50 of 20 to 80 micrometers; and (D) from 0.1 to 2.5 weight-percent of a filler treating agent comprising a trialkoxysilyl diorganopolysiloxane, and optionally, an alkyl trialkoxysilane; where weight-percentages are relative to curable thermally conductive composition weight.
The present invention is an immersion coolant apparatus comprising 1) a heat exchanger, 2) a tank containing an immersion coolant and a heat generating device, and 3) a means for recirculating immersion coolant between the tank and the heat exchanger, wherein the immersion coolant is characterized by the compound of Formula (1): where each R and x are defined herein. The cooling immersion apparatus is useful for dissipating heat from a heat generating device such as a data center server.
F25B 13/00 - Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
F25B 9/14 - Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
C09K 5/20 - Antifreeze additives therefor, e.g. for radiator liquids
A curable thermally conductive composition contains: (a) one or more vinyldimethyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane; (b) a silyl-hydride functional polysiloxane that contains at least two silyl-hydride groups per molecule; (c) filler treating agents; (d) 94 to 97 weight-percent thermally conductive fillers that include diamond particles with a Dv50 in a range of 60 to 150 micrometers.
The present disclosure provides a process. In an embodiment, the process includes providing an initial cable core. The initial cable core includes (i) a conductor and (ii) an initial insulation layer. The initial insulation layer includes a crosslinkable polymeric composition composed of (a) an ethylene-based polymer composed of (1) ethylene monomer, (2) an optional α-olefin comonomer, and (3) an optional organosiloxane comonomer. The crosslinkable polymeric composition further includes (b) dicumyl peroxide (DCP), (c) an Si—H containing (AP) scavenger, (d) optional curing coagent, and (e) optional anti-oxidant. The process includes subjecting the initial cable core to a crosslinking procedure sufficient to crosslink the crosslinkable polymeric composition and form a cable core with a crosslinked insulation layer.
H01B 3/44 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materialsSelection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plasticsInsulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materialsSelection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances resinsInsulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materialsSelection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances waxes vinyl resinsInsulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materialsSelection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plasticsInsulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materialsSelection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances resinsInsulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materialsSelection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances waxes acrylic resins
A cured fabric that is useful in batteries can be made by impregnating a PET fabric with a binder emulsion that contains a self-crosslinking acrylic polymer binder and an anionic surfactant, which contains (1) a lipophilic moiety and (2) an anionic hydrophilic moiety that is linked to the lipophilic moiety by an oxygenated organic moiety. The combination of the binder and anionic surfactant provides fast wetting of the fabric. The impregnated fabric is cured by heating to crosslink the acrylic polymer. The resulting cured fabric has high tensile strength and good wetting ability with acid solutions used in batteries.
D06M 15/263 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acidsSalts or esters thereof
A composition includes a silicone – (meth)acrylate copolymer, a manganese ion source, and a phenolic compound. Methods for preparation and use of the composition are provided. The composition may be emulsified, and the resulting aqueous emulsion formulation may be used for treating a textile to impart water repellency.
C08F 220/18 - Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
C08F 2/44 - Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
C09D 143/04 - Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing silicon
D06M 15/356 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
An emulsion formulation includes a silicone – (meth)acrylate copolymer, a manganese ion source, a phenolic compound, and a silicone additive. The emulsion formulation can be coated on textiles and dried to impart both durable water repellency and softness to the textiles.
C08F 220/18 - Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
C08F 2/44 - Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
C08F 230/08 - Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon
C09D 143/04 - Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing silicon
D06M 15/356 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
A personal care pod is provided, including: a free standing film, wherein the free standing film comprises 20 to 100 wt %, based on weight of the free standing film, of a crosslinked cellulose ether containing 0.1 to 0.6 wt %, based on weight of the crosslinked cellulose ether, of polyether groups; and a personal care formulation; wherein the free standing film forms a cavity; wherein the personal care formulation is disposed within the cavity; wherein the personal care formulation is in contact with the free standing film; and wherein the free standing film encapsulates the personal care formulation. Methods of using the personal care pod are also provided.
A composition includes a silicone – (meth)acrylate copolymer, a manganese ion source, and a phenolic compound. The composition may be used with additional starting materials including a surfactant, water, and a water dispersible crosslinker in an emulsion formulation. The emulsion formulation may be used for treating a textile. Methods for preparation of the composition and the emulsion formulation are provided.
C08F 220/18 - Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
C08F 2/44 - Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
C09D 143/04 - Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing silicon
D06M 15/356 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of other unsaturated compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, silicon or phosphorus atoms
C08F 230/08 - Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon
Hydrosilylation (addition) curable heat stabilised silicone rubber compositions, silicone rubber elastomers made upon cure of the compositions and their applications and uses are disclosed. The heat stabiliser additives utilised in the compositions comprise one or more of dodecanedioic acid, bis[2-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)hydrazide], 1,2-di[-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl]hydrazine, metal or non-metal phthalocyanine complexes, salicyloylaminotriazole, triazole, benzotriazole, dilauryl 3,3′-thiodipropionate, ditridecyl 3,3′-thiodipropionate, diphenyl sulfide, and/or pentaerythritol beta-laurylthiopropionate.
H01B 3/46 - Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materialsSelection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plasticsInsulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materialsSelection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances resinsInsulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materialsSelection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances waxes silicones
A composition comprises at least one silicone-polyether copolymer having the average formula Xg[ZjYo]c, where each X is an independently selected silicone moiety having a particular structure, each Y is an independently selected polyether moiety, each Z is an independently selected organosilicon moiety, subscript c is from 1 to 150, subscript g is >1, subscript j is independently 0 or 1, and subscript o is independently 0 or 1, with the provisos that 1≤j+o≤2 in each moiety indicated by subscript c and that there is at least one moiety indicated by subscript c in which subscript o is 1. A method of preparing the composition is also disclosed, along with a sealant formed therewith.
C08G 77/00 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon
An improved process for the preparation of high viscosity (i.e., greater than 1 million mPa·s at 25° C.) silanol-terminated silicone polymers and copolymers, often referred to in the industry as silanol-terminated silicone polymer gums. The silanol-terminated silicone polymer gums are made by the ring-opening polymerisation of organocyclosiloxane oligomers (alternatively referred to as cyclic siloxane oligomers) using a conical screw dump extruder (1). It also relates to silanol-terminated silicone polymer gums made by the process.
B29B 7/48 - MixingKneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
B29B 7/58 - Component parts, details or accessoriesAuxiliary operations
C08G 77/08 - Preparatory processes characterised by the catalysts used
C08G 77/16 - Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups to hydroxy groups
B29K 83/00 - Use of polymers having silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only, in the main chain, as moulding material
91.
METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF A LAMINATE ARTICLE INCLUDING A SILICONE PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVE ADHERED TO SILICONE RUBBER
A laminate article includes a silicone pressure sensitive adhesive adhered to a silicone rubber article. A method for fabricating the laminate article is provided.
B32B 37/12 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
B32B 5/18 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by features of a layer containing foamed or specifically porous material
B32B 25/04 - Layered products essentially comprising natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 25/08 - Layered products essentially comprising natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
B32B 37/24 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
B32B 37/26 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer which influences the bonding during the laminating process, e.g. release layers or pressure equalising layers
A thermally conductive composition contains, based on the weight of the thermally conductive composition, (A) from 1.0 to 4.0 weight-percent of an alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane; (B) a silyl-hydride functional polysiloxane crosslinker that contains at least two silyl-hydride groups per molecule; (C) from 93 to 96 weight-percent of thermally conductive fillers containing specific amounts of (C1-a) aluminum oxide particles having a D50 in a range of 10 to 40 micrometers, and optionally (C1-b) aluminum nitride particles having a D50 in a range of 10 to 40 micrometers, (C2) spherical aluminum particles having a D50 in a range of 1 to 5 micrometers, and (C3) a third thermally conductive filler having a D50 in a range of 0.1 to 0.6 micrometer and selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide particles, aluminum oxide particles, and mixtures thereof; and (D) a filler treating agent.
An automatic dishwashing composition is provided including 20 to <98.6 wt %, based on weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of a builder; 0.2 to 20 wt %, based on weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of a nonionic surfactant; 0.1 to <10 wt %, based on weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of a substance of formula I
An automatic dishwashing composition is provided including 20 to <98.6 wt %, based on weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of a builder; 0.2 to 20 wt %, based on weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of a nonionic surfactant; 0.1 to <10 wt %, based on weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of a substance of formula I
An automatic dishwashing composition is provided including 20 to <98.6 wt %, based on weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of a builder; 0.2 to 20 wt %, based on weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of a nonionic surfactant; 0.1 to <10 wt %, based on weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of a substance of formula I
wherein n is ≥2 and wherein each M⊕ is a counter ion; >0.005 to 6 wt %, based on weight of the automatic dishwashing composition, of a protease; and wherein the weight of the substance of formula I divided by the weight of the protease in the automatic dishwashing composition is <20.
A laundry scenting formulation is provided, including water; a solid carrier; a structurant; and a scent additive; wherein the laundry scenting formulation is a solid.
A curable composition contains, based on the weight of the curable composition, (A) from 1 to 4 weight percent of an alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane, (B) a polyorganohydrogensiloxane component comprising specific amounts of two different polysiloxanes (B-1) and (B-2), (C) from 93 to 97 weight percent of thermally conductive fillers comprising (C1) aluminum oxide particles having a D50 in a range of 8 to 35 micrometers, aluminum nitrite particles having a D50 in a range of 8 to 35 micrometers, or mixtures thereof; (C2) spherical aluminum oxide particles having a D50 in a range of 0.3 to 4 micrometers; and (C3) zinc oxide particles having a D50 in a range of from 0.1 to less than 0.3 micrometer; and (D) a filler treating agent.
I)II)III)III) an aqueous emulsion of a silicone resin. The silicone – acrylic binder can be used to prepare a thermal insulation coating composition that may be applied on a metal (e.g., steel) substrate or primed substrate. A thermal insulation coating prepared by drying the thermal insulation coating composition provides the metal or primed substrate with resistance to corrosion under insulation.
IIIIIIIII) an aqueous emulsion of a polyorganosiloxane elastomer. The silicone - acrylic binder can be used to prepare a thermal insulation coating composition that may be applied on a metal (e.g., steel) substrate or primed substrate. A thermal insulation coating prepared by drying the thermal insulation coating composition provides the metal or primed substrate with resistance to corrosion under insulation.
A granular wetting agent contains adsorbent inorganic powdered carrier, water-soluble polymer binder adhered to the carrier, and a non-ionic surfactant adhered to the carrier. The granular wetting agent can be used in dry mixes, such as mortar, grout and concrete, to improve wetting of the dry mix. It may be especially useful when the filler in the dry mix contains polymer particles, such as polyurethane or polyisocyanurate.
C04B 40/00 - Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
C04B 40/06 - Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers
31212-alkyl functionalized organopolysiloxane, and an alkene functionalized organopolysiloxane, as described herein. The composition of the present invention provides homogeneous coatings that achieve acceptable cure depths by UV or LED irradiation.
The present invention relates to a composition comprising a bisacylphosphine photoinitiator as described herein and a polyacrylate functionalized organosiloxane. The composition of the present invention provides homogeneous coatings that achieve acceptable cure depths by UV or LED irradiation.
