Abstract

A topological spin memory effect, defined as the recovery of magnetic skyrmions or magnetic bubble skyrmions in magnetic thin films after a transition to a dramatically different spin texture, is used for encrypted non-volatile information storage. The storage strategy is based on magnetic skyrmions, that is, topologically protected spin textures comprising chiral domain walls surrounding small (e.g., nanometers to microns in diameter), typically circular, single-domain cores. Systems and methods are described for encrypted non-volatile information storage based on a spin memory effect in magnetic thin films that support skyrmions. Systems and methods encrypt and recover information stored in the form of magnetic skyrmions.

IPC Classes  ?

• H10N 50/10 - Magnetoresistive devices
• G11C 11/16 - Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elementsStorage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
• H01F 10/32 - Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
• H10B 61/00 - Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices
• H10N 50/80 - Constructional details
• H10N 50/85 - Materials of the active region

Abstract

A topological spin memory effect, defined as the recovery of magnetic skyrmions or magnetic bubble skyrmions in magnetic thin films after a transition to a dramatically different spin texture, is used for encrypted non-volatile information storage. The storage strategy is based on magnetic skyrmions, that is, topologically protected spin textures comprising chiral domain walls surrounding small (e.g., nanometers to microns in diameter), typically circular, single-domain cores. Systems and methods are described for encrypted non-volatile information storage based on a spin memory effect in magnetic thin films that support skyrmions. Systems and methods encrypt and recover information stored in the form of magnetic skyrmions.

IPC Classes  ?

• H10N 50/10 - Magnetoresistive devices
• G11C 11/16 - Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elementsStorage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
• H01F 10/32 - Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
• H10N 50/80 - Constructional details
• H10N 50/85 - Materials of the active region
• H10B 61/00 - Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices

Abstract

The disclosure provides compositions and methods for sensitizing primary HIV-1, including transmitted/founder viruses, to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies, e.g., those directed against CD4-induced (CD4i) epitopes and the V3 region. In certain embodiments, the disclosure relates to the use of small molecules as microbicides to inhibit HIV-1 infection directly and to sensitize primary HIV-1 to neutralization by readily elicited antibodies.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 31/167 - Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide having the nitrogen atom of a carboxamide group directly attached to the aromatic ring, e.g. lidocaine, paracetamol
• C07C 279/12 - Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of guanidine groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton being further substituted by nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
• C07K 16/10 - Immunoglobulins, e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from RNA viruses
• A61K 39/42 - AntibodiesImmunoglobulinsImmune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum viral
• C07K 14/005 - Peptides having more than 20 amino acidsGastrinsSomatostatinsMelanotropinsDerivatives thereof from viruses
• C12N 7/00 - Viruses, e.g. bacteriophagesCompositions thereofPreparation or purification thereof

Abstract

The disclosure provides compositions and methods for sensitizing primary HIV-1, including transmitted/founder viruses, to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies, e.g., those directed against CD4-induced (CD4i) epitopes and the V3 region. In certain embodiments, the disclosure relates to the use of small molecules as microbicides to inhibit HIV-1 infection directly and to sensitize primary HIV-1 to neutralization by readily elicited antibodies.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 233/06 - Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having nitrogen atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals with carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
• C07C 237/40 - Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton having the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
• C07C 279/12 - Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of guanidine groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton being further substituted by nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups

Abstract

Described herein are methods of generating a protein binding domain that specifically binds to gp120 in a specific conformational state, comprising contacting gp120 with a CD4-mimetic compound, thereby forming gp120 in the specific conformational state; and generating antibodies to gp120 in the specific conformation state. Relatedly, the disclosure also describes methods of neutralizing HIV- 1, comprising contacting HIV-1 with an effective amount of a CD4-mimetic compound, thereby forming HIV-1 having gp120 in a specific conformational state; and contacting the HIV-1 in the specific conformational state with an antibody.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 31/16 - Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
• A61K 31/185 - AcidsAnhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
• A01N 37/00 - Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids

Abstract

Described herein are small-molecule mimics of CD4, which both enter the Phe43 cavity and target Asp368 of gpl20, the HIV-1 envelope protein. Also described herein are methods of using these compounds to inhibit the transmission or progression of HIV infection. These compounds exhibit antiviral potency greater than that of a known antiviral, NBD-556, with 100% breadth against clade B and C viruses. Importantly, the compounds do not activate HIV infection of CD4-negative, CCR5-positive cells, in contrast to NBD- 556.

IPC Classes  ?

• A01N 25/00 - Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of applicationSubstances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests

Abstract

c is independently alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, or heteroaralkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted; m is O, 1, or 2; and n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• A61K 31/397 - Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having four-membered rings, e.g. azetidine
• C07D 211/58 - Nitrogen atoms attached in position 4
• C07D 205/04 - Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
• C07D 207/09 - Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
• C07D 207/16 - Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
• C07D 207/22 - Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
• C07D 211/26 - Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by nitrogen atoms
• C07D 211/44 - Oxygen atoms attached in position 4
• C07D 211/56 - Nitrogen atoms
• C07D 217/14 - Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring other than aralkyl radicals
• C07D 223/04 - Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
• C07D 231/56 - BenzopyrazolesHydrogenated benzopyrazoles
• C07D 233/64 - Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms, e.g. histidine
• C07D 235/02 - Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
• C07D 235/14 - Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms
• C07D 237/32 - Phthalazines with oxygen atoms directly attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring
• C07D 239/42 - One nitrogen atom
• C07D 239/47 - One nitrogen atom and one oxygen or sulfur atom, e.g. cytosine
• C07D 239/90 - Oxygen atoms with acyclic radicals attached in position 2 or 3
• C07D 249/08 - 1,2,4-TriazolesHydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
• C07D 265/36 - 1,4-OxazinesHydrogenated 1,4-oxazines condensed with carbocyclic rings condensed with one six-membered ring
• C07D 295/13 - Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the substituent nitrogen atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings to an acyclic saturated chain
• C07D 307/52 - Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
• C07D 317/28 - Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms
• C07D 333/20 - Radicals substituted by singly bound hetero atoms other than halogen by nitrogen atoms
• C07D 333/48 - Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings substituted on the ring sulfur atom by oxygen atoms
• C07D 401/04 - Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring- member bond
• C07D 401/06 - Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• C07D 405/06 - Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• C07D 409/14 - Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
• C07D 455/02 - Heterocyclic compounds containing quinolizine ring systems, e.g. emetine alkaloids, protoberberineAlkylenedioxy derivatives of dibenzo [a, g] quinolizines, e.g. berberine containing not further condensed quinolizine ring systems
• C07D 471/08 - Bridged systems
• C07D 473/18 - Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems with oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 6 one oxygen and one nitrogen atom, e.g. guanine
• C07D 487/04 - Ortho-condensed systems
• C07D 495/04 - Ortho-condensed systems