There is provided a method, computer program and apparatus for causing an apparatus for a network function to: obtain timing information for one or more network slices that a user equipment is allowed to use in a network: determine whether a network slice is currently unavailable to the user equipment based on the timing information; and invoke release of user plane resources in the network for a session associated with any network slice that is determined to be unavailable to the user equipment.
A terminal device includes means for: receiving, from a network device, a port group configuration indicating at least two groups of antenna ports in a channel state information reference signal, CSI-RS, resource set including one or more CSI-RS resources, the at least two CSI-RS port groups being associated with at least two respective transmission reception points, TRPs, using coherent joint transmission, CJT, for downlink, DL, communication; receiving the one or more CSI-RS resources from the at least two TRPs having antenna ports belonging to the at least two respective CSI-RS port groups; determining, based on the one or more received CSI-RS resources, precoding parameters for DL precoding by the at least two respective TRPs, wherein said determining includes a separate determination of at least two port group-specific sets of precoding parameters specific to the at least two respective CSI-RS port groups.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
H04L 5/00 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
3.
AN APPARATUS, A METHOD AND A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR VIDEO CODING AND DECODING
A method comprising: receiving an image block unit of a frame, the image block unit comprising samples in color channels comprising at least one chrominance channel and one luminance channel (900); reconstructing samples of said luminance channel of the image block unit (902); determining a reference area for predicting samples of at least one color channel of the image block unit, wherein said reference area comprises one or more of reference samples in a neighboring block in current color channel/frame, in the neighboring of a co-located block in reference color channel/frame; and/or inside the co-located block in reference color channel/frame (904); determining filter coefficients of a filter for said predicting based on the reference samples and a shape of the filter (906); and predicting samples of at least one color channel of the image block unit by performing a convolution between the samples of said luminance channel and the filter coefficients (908).
H04N 19/132 - Sampling, masking or truncation of coding units, e.g. adaptive resampling, frame skipping, frame interpolation or high-frequency transform coefficient masking
H04N 19/105 - Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
H04N 19/176 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
H04N 19/186 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a colour or a chrominance component
4.
DELAYED ORIENTATION SIGNALLING FOR IMMERSIVE COMMUNICATIONS
There is disclosed apparatus for encoding a spatial audio scene comprising means configured to: determine, for an audio frame of at least one audio signal of the spatial audio scene, a change to the orientation of the apparatus, wherein the change to the orientation of the apparatus is respect to an orientation of the apparatus from a previous audio frame of the at least one audio signal, wherein the change to the orientation of the apparatus forms at least one orientation change value which forms at least part of an orientation change data set; determine an orientation change delay time for the change to the orientation of the apparatus, wherein the orientation delay time forms a further part of the orientation change data set; and perform the change to the orientation of the apparatus after a period of time specified by the orientation change delay time.
G10L 19/008 - Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing
H04S 7/00 - Indicating arrangementsControl arrangements, e.g. balance control
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to positioning enhancements. A first device receives, from a second device providing a serving cell for the first device, a configuration of a plurality of SRS triggering states associated with a plurality of SRSs on a group of bandwidth parts. The first device receives, from the second device, an indication of a target triggering state of the plurality of SRS triggering states. The first device then transmits, based on the target triggering state, the plurality of SRSs on at least a part of the group of bandwidth parts sequentially. In this way, SRS transmissions across multiple SRS resources or SRS resource sets withing multiple BWPs can be triggered in a frequency hopping manner via single DCI, which reduces the signaling overhead and latency, and improve the positioning efficiency.
H04L 5/00 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
H04W 72/0453 - Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
H04W 72/232 - Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal the control data signalling from the physical layer, e.g. DCI signalling
To determine resources for reference signal transmissions, for example for positioning, by a first apparatus (LMP), a second apparatus (TD), the first apparatus may transmit to the second apparatus a request (2-1) to measure and report spatial distribution metrics of reference signal transmissions (2-2, 2-3) over a plurality of beams from a plurality of transmission-reception points. The second apparatus performs one or more measurements (2-4) and sends one or more measurement reports (2-5) to the first apparatus. The first apparatus uses spatial distribution information over the plurality of beams in the one or more reports to determine (2-6) whether one or more time-frequency resources used by one beam are re-usable by at least another beam.
H04L 5/00 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
The embodiments relate to a global set of features that are generated, refined and used in encoding and decoding, wherein the global set of features are targeted to collaborative inference.
Methods, systems, apparatuses, and computer program products are provided for terminal behavior control for network registration in a communication network. In this regard, a user equipment (UE) receives a route selection policy (URSP) sent by a core network. The URSP for the UE includes at least one indication that the UE is to initiate registration to request at least one connectivity parameter for a communication network. Additionally, registration to the communication network is initiated based on the at least one indication to request the at least one connectivity parameter for the communication network.
H04W 40/22 - Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
H04W 60/04 - Affiliation to network, e.g. registrationTerminating affiliation with the network, e.g. de-registration using triggered events
Example embodiments relate to audio processing. Some example embodiments may comprise a method, the method comprising receiving respective audio signals, A1-AM, captured by a plurality of microphones, M1-MM, having different locations on a mobile terminal, estimating motion of the mobile terminal and computing respective exposure parameters, η1-ηM, for the respective audio signals, A1-AM. The method may also comprise generating respective spectrograms, S1-SM, for the respective audio signals, A1-AM, identifying a plurality of common time and frequency range segments across the respective spectrograms, S1-SM and computing dissimilarity values, δ1-δK, for the common segments of the respective spectrograms, S1-SM, based on, for audio characteristics within a particular segment of a particular spectrogram, how similar those audio characteristics are to audio characteristics within the same particular segment of the other spectrograms. The method may also comprise based on the computed exposure parameters, η1-ηM, and the computed dissimilarity values, δ1-δK, selecting, for each particular common segment, which of the audio characteristics within that particular common segment are to be used to generate an audio output.
G10L 21/0264 - Noise filtering characterised by the type of parameter measurement, e.g. correlation techniques, zero crossing techniques or predictive techniques
G10L 21/0216 - Noise filtering characterised by the method used for estimating noise
G10L 25/30 - Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups characterised by the analysis technique using neural networks
10.
HANDLING USER EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT REPORTS FOR HANDOVER EVALUATION
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for handling user equipment (UE) performance measurement reports for handover evaluation. The method comprises: monitoring an evolution of a performance measurement precision of one or more quality of service (QoS) metrics of a terminal device for one or more performance measurement reports issued to the apparatus by a target network node upon handover the terminal device to a target network node; determining, based on the monitoring, whether the one or more QoS metrics reach a predetermined precision level; and transmitting, to the target network node an indication for a termination of a performance reporting of the terminal device if the measurement precision level is reached within a reporting duration; or evaluating a decision of the apparatus to handover the terminal device to the target network node by associating a weight factor to the received one or more performance measurement reports if the measurement precision level is not reached within the reporting duration.
Inter-alia, a method is disclosed comprising: obtaining a time domain and/or doppler domain information, based on measuring time variations of a channel from tracking reference signal, TRS; and reporting the time domain and/or doppler domain information and a channel state information, CSI, wherein the CSI is obtained by measuring on CSI reference signal, CSI-RS. Further, a method is disclosed comprising: receiving time domain and/or doppler domain information and at least one channel state information, CSI; and reconstructing a time domain function based on the time domain and/or doppler domain information and a precoder matrix based on CSI. It is further disclosed according apparatuses, computer programs and systems.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
Disclosed is a method comprising comparing, by a terminal device in a radio access network, a change in reference timing with a threshold value; and 5 applying or stopping, by the terminal device, relaxed measurement on one or more cells of the radio access network based at least partly on the comparison.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media for configuration of small data transmission. In example embodiments, a metric of mobility is determined in an inactive state. Based on the metric of mobility, one of a small data transmission procedure and a connection establishment procedure is selected for data transmission. Further, the selected one of the small data transmission procedure and the connection establishment procedure is initiated for the data transmission.
Machine learning model fingerprinting based validation and performance monitoring is provided. A method for machine learning model fingerprinting based validation and performance monitoring may include receiving labelled data for a machine learning model from at least one network device and evaluating a performance of the machine learning model based on the labelled data. The method may also include determining, based on the evaluated performance of the machine learning model, validity of the machine learning model for the at least one network device, and transmitting, to a user device, information on the validity of the machine learning model.
A receiver includes at least one processor and memory storing computer-executable instructions and coupled to the at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the receiver to receive a setup transmission from an emitter via a communications link connecting the emitter and the receiver; determine a current variance between a scheduled receive time and a time at which the setup transmission was received; and transmit a control message to the emitter, wherein the control message indicates whether the current variance is acceptable.
An apparatus including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: determine a first value of a first epoch of training a neural network based on a relation applied to at least one weight of the neural network from the first epoch and a base model; determine a second value of a second epoch of training the neural network based on the relation applied to the at least one weight of the neural network from the second epoch and the base model; wherein the second epoch occurs later than the first epoch; and determine whether to communicate a weight update to the at least one weight of the neural network between the second epoch of training and the first epoch of training, based at least on the first value and the second value.
In accordance with example embodiments of the invention there is at least a method and apparatus to perform preparing a conditional cell change in a cellular communication network supporting dual connectivity, comprising: sending, by a master node of the cellular communication network, towards a first target secondary node a message comprising an indication of at least one primary cell of a secondary cell group cell of at least a second target secondary node prepared or to be prepared for a conditional primary cell of a secondary cell group change for a user equipment from a primary cell of a secondary cell group of a secondary node to a primary cell of a secondary cell group of at least a second target secondary node, wherein the message enables, at the first target secondary node, configuration of conditional primary cell of a secondary cell group change execution condition for at least one of the prepared primary cells of a secondary cell group of the at least one second target secondary node for conditional primary cell of a secondary cell group change for the user equipment from a primary cell of a secondary cell group of a first target secondary node to a primary cell of a secondary cell group of at least a second target secondary node.
The embodiments relate to a method for encoding/decoding, the method comprising obtaining (310) a set of input samples; obtaining (320) a triangular matrix, a cross-correlation vector and a scaling vector by utilizing the set of input samples; determining (330) an intermediate vector with a first back-substitution using the triangular matrix and the cross-correlation vector; scaling (340) the intermediate vector using the scaling vector; determining (350) a filter coefficient vector with a second back-substitution using the triangular matrix and the scaled intermediate vector; and determining (360) predicted sample values for a block of samples based on the filter coefficient vector. The embodiments also relate to an apparatus and a computer program product for implementing the method.
H04N 19/132 - Sampling, masking or truncation of coding units, e.g. adaptive resampling, frame skipping, frame interpolation or high-frequency transform coefficient masking
H04N 19/117 - Filters, e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing
H04N 19/136 - Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
H04N 19/176 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
H04N 19/186 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a colour or a chrominance component
H04N 19/30 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability
19.
APPARATUSES AND METHODS FOR TRANSMISSION QUALITY AWARE UPLINK POWER CONTROL
An apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: determine a transmission power requested with a network node; determine a transmission quality class based on the transmission power requested with the network node; wherein the transmission quality class comprises a predefined maximum power reduction; determine an output power value based on the transmission quality class; determine an uplink transmission power as a minimum of: the output power value, and the transmission power requested with the network node; and transmit an uplink transmission, based on the uplink transmission power.
H04W 52/26 - TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]
H04W 52/14 - Separate analysis of uplink or downlink
H04W 52/36 - Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
20.
ENHANCEMENT SCHEME OF PSFCH TRANSMISSION FOR NR SIDELINK COMMUNICATION IN UNLICENSED SPECTRUM
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media of an enhancement scheme of PSFCH transmission for NR SL communication in unlicensed spectrum. The method includes receiving, from a second device, a plurality of physical sidelink channels on multiple time instances, wherein the plurality of physical sidelink channels include Physical Sidelink Shared Channels (PSSCHs) and/or Physical Sidelink Control Channels (PSCCHs); determining a plurality of Physical Sidelink Feedback Channels (PSFCHs) in a plurality of Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) within a first slot, wherein the plurality of PSFCHs convey Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedbacks corresponding to the plurality of physical sidelink channels; and transmitting, to the second device, the HARQ feedbacks on the plurality of PSFCHs in the plurality of PRBs.
An apparatus including at least one processor, and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform: converting a mask into a list of numbers and at least one associated context; and encoding a plurality of the list of numbers using a context-based coding based upon the at least one associated context.
H04N 19/13 - Adaptive entropy coding, e.g. adaptive variable length coding [AVLC] or context adaptive binary arithmetic coding [CABAC]
H04N 19/157 - Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
H04N 19/182 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a pixel
22.
FLEXIBLE SCHEDULING FOR AMBIENT INTERNET OF THINGS COMMUNICATION
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for flexible scheduling for ambient internet of things (A-IoT) communication. The method comprises: receiving, at a first apparatus from a second apparatus, a configuration of at least two candidate resource sets for a transmission of the first apparatus; determining an energy status of the first apparatus, wherein the energy status of the first apparatus is based on a battery level of the first apparatus or a device comprising the first apparatus; selecting, from the at least two candidate resource sets at least partly based on the energy status, a target resource set for the transmission of the first apparatus; and performing a transmission based on the selected target resource set to the second apparatus or a third apparatus.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to discovery of devices. In one aspect, a first device receives a first message from a second device, and the first message requests the first device to discover at least one third device. The first device then transmits a second message in response to the first message to the second device. In this way, the first device may assist the second device in discovering the at least one third device. Therefore, interference and collision issues can be mitigated, and positioning overhead and power consumption may be reduced.
An apparatus for assisting spatial rendering in at least one acoustic environment, the apparatus including circuitry configured to: obtain at least one reverberation parameter; convert the obtained at least one reverberation parameter into at least one frequency band data; encode the at least one frequency band data; encode the at least one reverberation parameter; compare resources required to transmit the encoded at least one frequency band data and the encoded at least one reverberation parameter; generate a bitstream including: an identifier identifying the at least one acoustic environment; information defining at least one dimension of the at least one acoustic environment; and a reverberation parameter part comprising including a selection, based on the comparison, of one or more of: the encoded at least one frequency band data; and the encoded at least one reverberation parameter.
G10L 19/008 - Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing
G10L 19/02 - Speech or audio signal analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocodersCoding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
Techniques for paging with non-homogenous network slice support in area network are provided. For example, a method of paging of a user device is disclosed. The method comprises: receiving, by the user device, a paging message from a network node, the paging message comprising an index which indicates the paging message to correspond to a network slice or a cell; and receiving, by the user device, data from the network slice or the cell.
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for emergency sessions, such as emergency calls, using a relay provided by proximity services are provided. For example, a method may include indicating, in a relay discovery procedure, a capability of a relay user equipment to support an emergency call. The method can alternatively or in addition include receiving, in the relay discovery procedure, an indication of a need of a remote user equipment to conduct an emergency call.
Method comprising: monitoring whether a terminal receives a function depending on one or more pieces of information used for preparing and/or performing a handover and/or a conditional handover from a source cell to a target cell; obtaining the one or more pieces of information; determining a value of the function based on the obtained one or more pieces of information if the function is received; setting a first sampling rate for measurements, by the terminal, of a reference signal of the source cell and for measurements, by the terminal, of the reference signal of the target cell based on the value of the function.
The embodiments relate to a method for encoding/decoding. The encoding method (900) comprises receiving a video sequence (1505) comprising a first frame and a second frame; encoding (1510) the first frame into a first coded frame using a first coding method (901); reconstructing (1515) a first decoded frame corresponding to the first coded frame; deriving (1520) one or more optimizing parameters to adjust a traditional filter (1110), wherein the optimizing parameters reduce distortion of the first decoded frame to produce a first filtered frame; filtering (1525) the first decoded frame with the traditional filter (1010, 1110); encoding (1530) the second frame into a second coded frame by a second set of algorithms of the second coding method (906, 1210) and by using the first filtered frame directly or indirectly for prediction; and signalling (1535) said one or more optimizing parameters. The embodiments also relate to apparatuses for encoding/decoding.
H04N 19/117 - Filters, e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing
H04N 19/147 - Data rate or code amount at the encoder output according to rate distortion criteria
H04N 19/172 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a picture, frame or field
H04N 19/196 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the adaptation method, adaptation tool or adaptation type used for the adaptive coding being specially adapted for the computation of encoding parameters, e.g. by averaging previously computed encoding parameters
Examples of the disclosure relate to spatial audio communication. An apparatus receives multiple audio signals wherein the multiple audio signals include at least one spatial audio signal. The apparatus obtains information relating to activity of sound sources for at least for the at least one spatial audio signal and enables spatial processing of the at least one spatial audio signal. The spatial processing is based, at least in part, on the obtained activity information and the spatial processing controls the positioning of the sound sources according to the obtained activity information.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a terminal device, a network device, methods, apparatuses and a computer readable storage medium for updating information for uplink synchronization. The terminal device determines a first threshold duration for first information for uplink synchronization and a second threshold duration for second information for the uplink synchronization; and performs a first procedure for updating the first information and a second procedure for updating the second information based on: determining that a validity duration of one piece of information expires and a remaining validity duration of the other piece of information is shorter than corresponding threshold duration. As such, the two procedures updating the first information and the second information may be aligned with each other, thus the complexity can be reduced, the power consumption can be reduced, and the communication efficiency may be improved.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a terminal device, a method, an apparatus, and a medium for determining sub-network bands. In an aspect, a terminal device determines one or more common bands among supported operating bands received from a network node and at least one sub-network device. The terminal device determines one or more available bands from the one or more common bands. The terminal device determines one or more candidate bands to be used for creating the at least one sub-network. With the embodiments in the present disclosure, the terminal device can avoid bands which may cause or suffer channel access failures due to operation of other radio access technologies, and the terminal device can select the sub-network spectrum based on least co-existence and least self-interference impacts and establish the sub-network at this spectrum location.
H04W 72/0453 - Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
H04W 52/36 - Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
H04W 72/541 - Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using the level of interference
32.
Method and Apparatus for Efficient Delivery of Edge Based Rendering of 6DOF MPEG-I Immersive Audio
An apparatus configured to: obtain a user position value; obtain at least one input audio signal and associated metadata enabling a rendering of the at least one input audio signal; generate an intermediate format immersive audio signal based on the at least one input audio signal, the metadata, and the user position value, wherein the intermediate format immersive audio signal is configured to be rendered into a spatial audio output based, at least partially, on a user orientation value; and encode the intermediate format immersive audio signal.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media of BSR. The method comprises obtaining a configuration at least for a first type of BSR MAC CE and for a second type of BSR MAC CE, the configuration defining at least that: either one of the BSR MAC CE types may be used to report buffer status of a LCG, wherein a LCG ID refers to the LCG for which the buffer status is reported, and a LCID of the BSR MAC CE indicates the type of the BSR MAC CE used for reporting the buffer status of the LCG; and transmitting at least one type of BSR MAC CE to a network device based on the configuration.
A method for assisting immersive audio rendering, the method comprising: obtaining at least one random access interval associated with the audio scene content, wherein at least the at least one random access interval is used to determine at least one random access point; determining at least one playback time instance based on the at least one random access point; determining at least one rendering information for the at least one playback time instance; and encoding, the determined at least one rendering information in an immersive audio rendering bitstream, wherein the rendering information comprises at least rendering random access information.
Transmission and rendering of split rendered and non-split rendered immersive audio interchangeably in an ongoing immersive audio transmission session without the need for session renegotiation. Create a split rendering header to indicate split rendering related information and attach it to the split rendered bitstream resulted from the encoding. Create an identifier header to recognize split rendered payload and attach it to the split rendering data resulted from the previous steps to create an RTP payload. Packetize the RTP payload and transmit it to the receiver. ISAR. IVAS RTP payload Spatial Audio.
An apparatus for controlling a radio access network node of a radio access network of a communication network, the apparatus comprising means for: receiving, while the radio access network is operating in a first mode having a first data capacity that is less than a peak data capacity of the radio access network node, a request for the radio access network to operate in a second mode for communicating with a user equipment communicating with the communication network, the second mode having a second data capacity higher than the first data capacity; modifying at least one radio resource of the radio access network to cause the radio access network to operate in the second mode; in response to the request, communicating with the User Equipment using the modified at least one radio resource.
Detection of a straggler user equipment in federated learning over an air interface is provided. A method for detection of a straggler user equipment in federated learning may include identifying one or more straggler devices among a plurality of user devices and suspending transmission of an aggregated model to the one or more straggler devices for local model training. The method may also include resuming the transmission of the aggregated model to at least one of the one or more straggler devices for the local model training.
Disclosed is a method comprising determining a priority communication system among a plurality of communication systems providing communication service in a geographical area; carrying out a first cell search by monitoring for a first synchronization signal shared by the plurality of communication systems; in response to detecting the first synchronization signal, monitoring for an indication for determining a type of a first radio cell found in the first cell search; and in the case the type of the first radio cell corresponds to the priority communication system, carrying out an access procedure to the first radio cell.
An apparatus comprising means for: obtaining values for parameters representing an audio signal, the values comprising at least one directional value and at least one energy ratio value for at least one sub-frame of each sub-band of a frame of the audio signal; obtaining an allowed number of bits for encoding the at least one directional value and the at least one energy ratio value for the at least one sub-frame of each sub-band of the frame of the audio signal; encoding the at least one directional value for the at least one sub-frame of each sub-band of the frame based on at least one resolution entropy encoding, wherein one of the at least one resolution entropy encoding is further for: first resolution entropy encoding the at least one directional value and determining the number of bits used encoding the at least one directional value based on the first entropy encoding; first resolution entropy encoding at least one reduced directional value and determining the number of bits used encoding the at least one reduced directional value based on the first entropy encoding; selecting the first resolution entropy encoding of the at least one directional value when the number of bits used encoding the at least one directional value based on the first resolution entropy encoding is less than or equal to a portion of the allowed number of bits for encoding the at least one directional value; and selecting the first resolution entropy encoding of the at least one reduced directional value when the number of bits used encoding the at least one directional value based on the first resolution entropy encoding is more than to the portion of the allowed number of bits for encoding the at least one directional value and the number of bits used encoding the at least one directional value based on the first resolution entropy encoding is less than or equal to the portion of the allowed number of bits for encoding the at least one directional value.
G10L 19/008 - Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing
G10L 19/02 - Speech or audio signal analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocodersCoding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
Method, apparatuses, and computer program products provide means for determining user equipment impacted by a network timing synchronization status and providing timing resiliency solutions. An example method includes: receiving, at a network entity, a network timing synchronization status request, wherein the network timing synchronization status request includes an indication of one or more user equipment (UE) to provide a time synchronization report to; determining, for each UE, one or more network entities to request a time synchronization status from; in response to receiving an indication of a primary source event, generating a time synchronization report indicative of the primary source event; and causing the time synchronization report to be provided to one or more impacted UEs.
According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus for a terminal device. The apparatus is configured to perform the following. The apparatus receives from an access node minimization of drive tests, MDT, measurement configuration for one or more multicast and broadcast services, MBS. Then, the apparatus performs MDT measurements on broadcast transmissions for the one or more MBS associated with one or more cells based on the received MDT measurement configuration. Finally, the apparatus transmits an MDT report, formed based on the received MDT measurement configuration, to an access node. The MDT report comprises at least information on results of the MDT measurements. The results of the MDT measurements are indexed, in the MDT report, based on one or more cell identifiers of the one or more cells.
The embodiments relate to a method for encoding, comprising receiving a representation (1005) of input media to be encoded: encoding the representation (1005) to generate encoded bitstreams to be delivered to a decoder, and using encoder's de-coder-side neural network (en-DSNN) for decoding the encoded representation and/or post-processing the decoded representation: adapting (1030) the en-DSNN based at least on the representation or a signal derived from the representation and on an output of the en-DSNN or a signal derived from an output of the en-DSNN, thus obtaining a weight-update (1040) as a result: performing one or more iterations of compressing and decompressing the weight-update (1040) by using a weight-update codec: selecting values of one or more configuration parameters of the weight-update codec and using the selected values for a final compression of the weight-update (1040); and signaling the compressed weight update to a decoder.
H04N 19/147 - Data rate or code amount at the encoder output according to rate distortion criteria
H04N 19/42 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation
H04N 19/85 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression
A non-terrestrial core network entity is provided. The non-terrestrial core network entity comprises: receiving data from a user equipment, wherein the data comprises Control Plane (CP) data or Non-Internet Protocol Delivery (NIDD) data; buffering the data during a time period in which the non-terrestrial core network entity is not connected to a terrestrial core network entity; when the non-terrestrial core network entity is connected to the terrestrial network entity, sending the data to the terrestrial core network entity.
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for handover enabling early simultaneous reception. A method may include transmitting a handover request including user equipment capability information to a target cell during a handover preparation phase of a user equipment to the target cell. The user equipment capability information may include at least one of user equipment multi-transmission or user equipment multi-reception capabilities, single-downlink control information capabilities or multi-downlink control information capabilities, group based beam reporting capability or beam sweeping factors. The method may also include receiving, from the target cell during the handover preparation phase to the target cell, an acknowledgment including a user equipment specific channel measurement resources. The method may further include transmitting the user equipment specific channel measurement resources to the user equipment.
Example embodiments relate to an apparatus, method and computer program for audio signal capture. The method may for example comprise receiving audio data representing audio signals for output by two or more physical loudspeakers, and determining that at least some of the audio signals, representing a first sound source, are for output by two or more particular physical loudspeakers such that the first sound source will be perceived as having a first direction with respect to a user which is other than a physical loudspeaker direction. The method may for example also comprise, responsive to the determining, transmitting control data to an audio capture device of the user which operates in a directivity mode for steering a sound capture beam towards the first direction, wherein the control data is for causing the audio capture device to disable its directivity mode or to modify the sound capture beam such that the audio capture device has greater sensitivity to audio signals from the direction of at least one of the two or more particular physical loudspeakers.
A network node transmits at least one measurement configuration to one or more devices for carrying out one or more measurements for determining at least one energy consumption estimate for at least one operation in a plurality of inter-related machine learning operations for network management. The plurality of inter-related machine learning operations comprises (i) one or more operations for collecting data, (ii) one or more data transfer operations to transmit the collected data to the network node, and (iii) one or more data storage operations to store the collected data and (iv) one or more data processing operations to process the collected data. At least one energy consumption estimate is determined using the one or more measurements. At least one network management related configuration is determined for carrying out one or more of the plurality of inter-related machine learning operations on the basis of the at least one energy consumption estimate for controlling energy consumption.
H04L 41/0833 - Configuration setting characterised by the purposes of a change of settings, e.g. optimising configuration for enhancing reliability for reduction of network energy consumption
H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
A method for multi-factor user authentication, comprising, determining a plurality of candidate processes for the multi-factor user authentication, wherein a candidate process is using at least two authentication factors provided by one or more wearable devices, for one or more of the plurality candidate process, determining one or more performance scores respectively quantifying one or more properties that characterize how the method performs in executing said candidate process, determining a plurality of sets of the one or more candidate processes, wherein a specific set is adapted to execute one or more authentication requests, selecting one specific set among the plurality of sets based on the one or more performance scores, according to a selection rule that is based on a performance goal for the method, and executing the one or more authentication requests by performing the selected set.
Examples of the disclosure relate noise suppression for audio signals in a communication setting. An apparatus obtains at least one audio signal for a current frame or one or more previous frames, based on at least two microphone signals for the current frame or one or more previous frames. The apparatus uses a program code to predict an output signal for a future frame based, at least in part, on the at least one audio signal for the current frame or one or more previous frames and uses the output signal for processing the future frame of the at least two microphone signals in a first audio signal process and uses the output signal for processing the future frame of an output of the first audio signal process in a second audio signal process to enable noise suppression.
There is provided an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving, from a serving cell, a configuration message for a handover to a target cell associated with a different satellite assistance information than satellite assistance information associated with the serving cell, wherein the configuration message is indicative of at least: the satellite assistance information associated with the target cell; and a validity timer for defining validity of at least part of the satellite assistance information; wherein the satellite assistance information comprises at least: an epoch time and corresponding satellite assistance information, which is to be applied after reaching the epoch time; determining, based on at least the epoch time, whether to modify a handover timer and/or one or more requirements on handover completion.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to determination of activation signal. In an aspect, a first device receives a first activation signal with a first duration. Based on determining that the first duration is insufficient to modulate data, the first device transmits a signaling for requesting a second activation signal. The first device receives the second activation signal. In this way, the embodiments can enable an activation signal with long enough duration for backscattering transmission of ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) devices if the original activation signal is not sufficient.
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for determining valid allocation sizes for DFT-s-OFDM. One method may include determining whether a number of PRBs of a data channel is greater than a threshold; based upon the determination that the number of PRBs is greater than the threshold, determining validity of at least one allocation option for PRBs of the data channel; and transmitting the data channel according to at least one valid allocation option. The at least one allocation option defines a bandwidth of the data channel in terms of the number of PRBs.
Various embodiments provide methods, apparatuses, and computer program products. An example apparatus includes at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: multiplying C channels or portions of a tensor with respective C multipliers, wherein the tensor comprises an output of a layer of a neural network, and wherein values of the C multipliers are in a set of cardinality (K) less than C.
An apparatus for a network device, the apparatus comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device to: receive, from a further network device, an indication to request, from a terminal device associated with the network device, first information comprising requested capabilities of the terminal device, wherein the requested capabilities are determined by the further network device, transmit a request for the first information to the terminal device, receive a response comprising the first information.
According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus configured to detect, over an air interface, synchronization signals from a base node of a network, the synchronization signals comprising at least a primary synchronization signal, PSS, a secondary synchronization signal, SSS, and a physical broadcast channel, PBCH, wherein the synchronization signals are organized into a first part transmitted with a first time periodicity, and a second part transmitted with a second, lower, time periodicity, and wherein the apparatus is further caused to detect the first part based on the first time periodicity, and to detect the second part based on the second time periodicity.
There is provided an apparatus comprising: means for determining a priority order between a first CSI report and a second CSI report that overlap each other, the determining based on a first priority value of the first CSI report and a second priority value of the second CSI report, wherein a priority value for a CSI report is calculated using a value of a parameter, k, for a said CSI report, wherein the value of the parameter, k, for a said CSI report is dependent on whether a said CSI report comprises a quantity that is associated with at least one of: measured RSRP or measured SINR, wherein the first CSI report comprises a first quantity, the first quantity being associated with a predicted measurement, wherein the first priority value is calculated using the parameter, k, for the first CSI report, wherein a value of the parameter, k, for the first CSI report is further dependent on whether a said CSI report comprises a quantity that is associated with the predicted measurement, wherein the value for the parameter, k, for the first CSI report is determined to be the same value as for a said CSI report that comprises a quantity that is associated with at least one of: measured RSRP or measured SINR. The apparatus further comprising means for transmitting, to a network entity, at least one of the first CSI report and the second CSI report based on the priority order that has been determined.
H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
There is provided an apparatus comprising means for receiving from a first access node, information associated with receiving a response from a further device, wherein the information comprises at least one of the following: scheduling information for receiving the response, a gap configuration for receiving the response, or scheduling information for reporting the response; means for receiving the response based on the received information; and based on the received information and in response to receiving the response, means for providing a report relating to the response to the first access node or a second device.
Various embodiments describe methods, apparatuses, and computer program products. An example apparatus includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: starting a 360 video viewport delivery processing for a viewport; extracting key points in the viewport; estimating motion vectors of the key points on the viewport surface; estimating a global two- dimensional (2D) motion data in pixel of the viewport from the motion vectors of the key points on the viewport surface; calculating updated rotation angles from the global motion data in the pixel; rotating the 360 video frame based on the updated rotation angles and a field of view (FoV); and cropping the 360 video frame to a viewport image for the viewport-dependent delivery (VDD) process.
H04N 21/6587 - Control parameters, e.g. trick play commands or viewpoint selection
H04N 19/597 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding
A user equipment comprising: means for reporting an occurrence of one or more conditional events, each conditional event comprising one or more underlying events and one or more associated conditions, wherein each conditional event occurs if the one or more underlying events of the conditional event occur and the one or more associated conditions have been met.
An apparatus includes means for receiving, from a network function consumer, a request for analytics related to at least one extended reality feature; means for determining the analytics related to the at least one extended reality feature; and means for transmitting, to the network function consumer, the analytics related to the at least one extended reality feature; wherein the analytics related to the at least one extended reality feature are based on at least one of: analytics determined when the at least one extended reality feature is activated, or analytics determined when the at least one extended reality feature is deactivated.
Disclosed is a method comprising receiving at an apparatus from a network node a set of access parameters relating to an energy saving state of the network; determining a random access preamble; transmitting the random access preamble to the network node and monitoring for a random access response based on at least one of an energy saving state of the network node, the set of access parameters and the random access preamble.
Various example embodiments for supporting enforcement of end-to-end transaction latency for transaction-based applications and services are presented herein. The enforcement of a total end-to-end transaction latency for a transaction of a transaction-based application or service may be supported by associating a transaction latency budget with the transaction data of the transaction and updating the transaction latency budget during execution of the transaction to ensure that the transaction is completed within the total end-to-end transaction latency permitted for the transaction-based application or service. The enforcement of end-to-end transaction latency for transaction-based applications and services may be configured to enforce end-to-end transaction latency without the need for use of network-wide time synchronization (rather, all of the timing may be measured locally using local clocks of the elements in the end-to-end path of the application or service transaction).
An apparatus including means for, at a network, determining one of a first known sequence and at least one second known sequence based on a value of a power metric associated with the respective known sequence, providing configuration information indicative of the determined known sequence to a user equipment and receiving uplink transmission from the user equipment using the determined known sequence, wherein the uplink transmission includes a waveform including the determined known sequence, wherein the waveform is a time domain signal.
H04W 52/14 - Separate analysis of uplink or downlink
H04W 52/36 - Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
63.
METHODS AND APPARATUSES RELATING TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
This specification describes an apparatus comprising: means for estimating, for a plurality of beams associated with a plurality of signal propagation paths along which signals are determined to have been propagated over a communication channel between a user equipment. UE, and a transmit-receive point, respective contributions to a channel energy of the communication channel: means for identifying, from the plurality of signal propagation paths associated with the plurality of beams and based on the estimated contributions to the channel energy for the plurality of beams, a group of signal propagation paths associated with a shortest path between the UE and the transmit-receive point; and means for determining, using the identified group of paths, signal characteristics for the shortest path for use in determining a position of the UE.
H04W 40/12 - Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
H04B 17/309 - Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
64.
DEVICES, METHODS, APPARATUSES, AND COMPUTER READABLE MEDIA FOR DYNAMICALLY ADJUSTING REPETITION FACTOR
Disclosed are devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer readable media for dynamically adjusting repetition factor. An example terminal device may include at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory may include computer program code, and the at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the terminal device to perform: receiving, from a network device, a configuration for transmission of an uplink channel, the configuration comprising a repetition factor set and at least one parameter for determining a repetition factor from the repetition factor set; determining the repetition factor from the repetition factor set based on the at least one parameter; and performing the transmission of the uplink channel according to the determined repetition factor.
An apparatus may be configured to: select at least one first pixel from a first region of a picture, wherein the first region is separated from a different, second region with a virtual boundary; determine at least one second pixel for filtering of the at least one first pixel, wherein the at least one second pixel is located in the second region; determine whether to filter the at least one first pixel; and based on a determination to filter the at least one first pixel, cause filtering of the at least one first pixel based on at least one of: coding information associated with the at least one second pixel; at least one predetermined value; or a version of the coding information associated with the at least one second pixel padded based on coding information of the first region.
H04N 19/82 - Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation involving filtering within a prediction loop
H04N 19/117 - Filters, e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing
H04N 19/167 - Position within a video image, e.g. region of interest [ROI]
H04N 19/172 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a picture, frame or field
H04N 19/86 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression involving reduction of coding artifacts, e.g. of blockiness
An apparatus comprises means for monitoring uplink transmissions from a communications device to determine if the frequency and/or timing of the uplink transmissions are as expected and means for scheduling for the communications device a position acquisition gap when the frequency and/or timing of the uplink transmissions are not as expected.
An apparatus includes: a display module configured to output first light; a detector configured to detect the first light; and a defect detector for detecting one or more defects in the display module, based at least in part on the detected first light, the one or more defects including defects formed at a time of manufacturing.
Apparatus comprising means for: receiving a machine learning model, wherein the machine learning model is configured to classify input data into a plurality of classes; receiving a per-class performance of the machine learning model; obtaining a data distribution of a local data set; determining, based on the data distribution of the local data set, if training the machine learning model with the local data set will change the per-class performance of the machine learning model; and in response to determining that training the machine learning model with the local data set will change the per-class performance of the machine learning model: training the machine learning model using the local data set.
There is disclosed a method comprising: receiving priority information indicative of a priority state of at least one positioning reference signal, receiving time window information configuring a time window that is outside of a measurement gap; and based on the priority information and the time window information, receiving one or more positioning reference signals during the time window by using one or more buffer symbols.
There is provided an apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving, from a network node, a configuration of a plurality of bandwidth parts comprising at least a first bandwidth part and a second bandwidth part; receiving a configuration of at least one condition for autonomous switch from the first bandwidth part to the second bandwidth part; determining that the at least one condition is satisfied; and based on determining that the at least one condition is satisfied, initiating a switch from the first bandwidth part to the second bandwidth part.
There is provided a computer program, method, and apparatus for causing a network node to perform: determining a list of supported bandwidths that can be used for signalling a positioning reference signal based on a capability of a terminal; selecting a positioning reference unit; causing the positioning reference unit and/or an access network node to be configured with the determined list of supported bandwidths; receiving, from the access network node, at least one measurement result performed on a positioning reference signal communicated with the positioning reference unit using a bandwidth of the determined list of supported bandwidths; using the at least one measurement result and a known position of the positioning reference unit to select at least one parameter to be applied by the terminal to transmit a positioning reference signal; and causing the terminal to be configured with the at least one parameter for signalling the positioning reference signal.
H04W 74/0833 - Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
Certain examples provide an apparatus (10, 110) comprising: means (11, 15) for transmitting, to a network node (101), first information (702) indicative of a capability (702) of the apparatus to perform a phase reciprocity calibration procedure (704), wherein the phase reciprocity calibration procedure comprises the apparatus performing: a first part of the phase reciprocity calibration procedure (704_1) using at least one downlink, DL, Phase Differential Calibration Signal, PDCS (707), and a second part of the phase reciprocity calibration procedure (704_2) using at least one uplink, UL, PDCS (708); means (11, 15) for receiving, from the network node, second information (706), wherein the second information is received based at least in part on the transmitted first information, and wherein the second information comprises information for configuring the apparatus to: receive, from the network node, the at least one DL PDCS for enabling the apparatus to perform the first part of the phase reciprocity calibration procedure, and transmit the at least one UL PDCS for enabling the apparatus to perform the second part of the phase reciprocity calibration procedure; means (11, 15) for receiving, from the network node and based at least in part on the received second information, the at least one DL PDCS for enabling the apparatus to perform the first part of the phase reciprocity calibration procedure; and means (11, 15) for transmitting, based at least in part on the received second information, the at least one UL PDCS for enabling the apparatus to perform the second part of the phase reciprocity calibration procedure.
There is provided an apparatus comprising: means for determining a priority order between a first channel state information, CSI, report and a second CSI report that overlap each other, the determining based on a first priority value of the first CSI report and a second priority value of the second CSI report, wherein a priority value for a CSI report is calculated using a value of a parameter, k, for a said CSI report, wherein the value of the parameter, k, for a said CSI report is dependent on whether a said CSI report comprises a quantity that is associated with at least one of: measured reference signal received power, RSRP, or measured signal to interference plus noise ratio, SINR, wherein the first CSI report comprises a first quantity, the first quantity being associated with a predicted measurement, wherein the first priority value is calculated using the parameter, k, for the first CSI report, wherein a value of the parameter, k, for the first CSI report is further dependent on whether a said CSI report comprises a quantity that is associated with the predicted measurement, wherein the value for the parameter, k, for the first CSI report is determined to be a value that is indicative of a lower priority compared to a said CSI report that comprises a quantity that is associated with at least one of: measured RSRP or measured SINR. The apparatus further comprising means for transmitting, to a network entity, at least one of the first CSI report and the second CSI report based on the priority order that has been determined.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
There is provided a reader device comprising means for receiving from a first access node, information associated with receiving an ambient internet of things, IoT, response from an ambient IoT device, wherein the information comprises at least one of the following: scheduling information for receiving the ambient IoT response, or scheduling information for reporting the ambient IoT response, means for receiving a response from the ambient IoT device based on the received information and means for, based on the received information and in response to receiving the response from the ambient IoT device, providing a report relating to the received response to the first access node.
H04W 4/70 - Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
H04W 4/80 - Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
There is provided a reader device comprising means for receiving from a first access node, a gap configuration for receiving an ambient internet of things, IoT, response from an ambient IoT device, means for receiving a response from the ambient IoT device based on the received information and means for, in response to receiving the response from the ambient IoT device, providing a report relating to the ambient IoT response to the first access node or an activator device.
According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided there is provided an apparatus configured to process, in a location management function, a location service request which requests that a location of a user equipment is determined, wherein the location service request comprises or is provided with at least one of the following indications: whether the location service request is conditional, whether the location service request is provisional, a priority of the location service request, a user equipment class of the user equipment, a user equipment category of the user equipment, a mobility profile of the user equipment and information on previous location measurements of the user equipment, determine whether to initiate a positioning procedure concerning the user equipment based on the at least one indication, and transmit a response to the location service request based on the determining whether to initiate the positioning procedure.
An apparatus configured to: determine one or more reference samples for deriving at least one intra prediction mode based, at least partially, on at least one predetermined sparse arrangement of the one or more reference samples; and determine the at least one intra prediction mode based, at least partially, on the one or more determined reference samples.
H04N 19/105 - Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
H04N 19/182 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a pixel
H04N 19/11 - Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode among a plurality of spatial predictive coding modes
H04N 19/176 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
H04N 19/59 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial sub-sampling or interpolation, e.g. alteration of picture size or resolution
H04N 19/593 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial prediction techniques
H04N 19/12 - Selection from among a plurality of transforms or standards, e.g. selection between discrete cosine transform [DCT] and sub-band transform or selection between H.263 and H.264
H04N 19/159 - Prediction type, e.g. intra-frame, inter-frame or bidirectional frame prediction
79.
SIGNAL PHASE TRANSITIONS FOR TRANSMISSIONS IN COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
According to an example aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method comprising generating, for a binary data sequence, a sequence of trellis-coded modulation symbols in a complex Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, QPSK, constellation by means of a trellis code, generating a Discrete Fourier Transform, DFT, -precoded, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM signal based at least on the sequence of trellis- coded modulation symbols and performing a transmission based on the generated DFT- precoded OFDM signal, wherein phase transitions between two successive trellis-coded modulation symbols of the sequence are determined by the trellis code, and wherein an absolute difference between two phase transitions successively-determined by the trellis code is at most π/2.
H03M 13/25 - Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding, i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM]
H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus configured to detect, over an air interface, synchronization signals from a base node of a network, the synchronization signals comprising at least a primary synchronization signal, PSS, a first secondary synchronization signal, SSS, part and a second SSS part, wherein the apparatus is further caused to detect the first SSS part based at least in part on a first mapping function having at least a first parameter used to generate the PSS as input, and detect the second SSS part based at least in part on a second mapping function having at least a second parameter used to generate the first SSS part as input.
An apparatus comprising: means for receiving, from a network node, a request for analytics; means for collecting data related to at least one instance of a physical environment digital twin; means for generating analytics using the data related to the at least one instance of the physical environment digital twin; and means for transmitting, to the network node, the analytics generated using the collected data related to the at least one instance of the physical environment digital twin, in response to the request for the analytics.
According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus configured to receive, from a node, a request for measurement gap information for a user equipment, determine that at least one base node in an energy saving state will be used in a measurement process the requested measurement gap information relates to, instruct the at least one base node in the energy saving state to transition to a state where it can transmit signals for the measurement process, and provide, to the node, the requested measurement gap information.
There is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processing core and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus at least to receive or determine a location service request which requests that a location of a user equipment is determined by a network, determine that at least one base node in an energy saving state will be used in the determination of the location of the user equipment, instruct the at least one base node in the energy saving state to transition to a state where positioning procedures are possible, and participate in the determination of the location of the user equipment.
A method includes determining a list of random access (RACH) occasions distributed within one or more RACH periods; generating an index into the list of RACH occasions based on a physical cell identity (PCI) and a global synchronization channel number (GSCN); identifying one of the RACH occasions of the list of RACH occasions based on the generated index; and, transmitting or receiving a random access preamble via the identified RACH occasion.
An apparatus including means for transmitting, with a radio access network node, a location service request for a user equipment; wherein the location service request for the user equipment is initiated with the radio access network node; wherein the location service request for the user equipment comprises a sounding reference signal configuration; and means for receiving, with the radio access network node, a response to the location service request, the response comprising a location of the user equipment; wherein the response to the location service request comprising the location of the user equipment is based on the sounding reference signal configuration.
A method includes receiving, by a user equipment (UE), an indication message from a first apparatus, the indication message including an indication of one or more identifiers for one or more Internet of things (IoT) devices from which to expect requested data. The UE receives a first backscatter data message from a first IoT device of the one or more IoT devices associated with an identifier of the one or more identifiers, the first backscatter data message including the requested data from the first IoT device, and transmits a forward message to the first apparatus, the forward message including the requested data.
H04W 4/70 - Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
H04W 4/80 - Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
G06K 19/07 - Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards with integrated circuit chips
H04W 4/02 - Services making use of location information
H04W 4/38 - Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
87.
Method For Authenticating To A Remote Server Using Service-Specific Credentials Stored In The eUICC
An apparatus configured to receive, from a provisioning server, a request to create at least one sub-profile of at least one profile stored within an embedded universal integrated circuit card of the apparatus; wherein the request comprises encrypted subscription data comprising a symmetric key between a service provider and a user of the apparatus; store the symmetric key within the embedded universal integrated circuit card of the apparatus; and create the at least one sub-profile of the at least one profile stored within the embedded universal integrated circuit card of the apparatus; wherein the at least one sub-profile of the at least one profile stored within the embedded universal integrated circuit card of the apparatus is configured to be used to authenticate the user of the apparatus to the service provider with use of the symmetric key without involvement of a mobile network operator.
Resource reservation and/or scheduling may take credit-based shaper algorithm/queue behavior, in time sensitive communication, into account. A base station may schedule resources for transmission of time sensitive networking packets based on the state of the credit based shaper queue. The state of the credit based shaper queue may be determined based on real-time credit-based simper assistant information, in an uplink scenario, or output of a simulator of a real-time credit-based shaper queue, in a downlink scenario, or a combination of real-time credit-based shaper assistant information and simulator output.
Apparatus and methods for processing information of Layer 1 measurements taken by a communication device are disclosed. In the processing information of timing of Layer 1 measurements is used to adapt the Layer 1 measurements with Layer 2 filtering.
Mechanism on disruptive signal discovery is provided. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, if a first device determines that an anomaly behavior occurs at a second device, the first device transmits a measurement configuration to a set of third devices. The measurement configuration is used for detecting a source of the anomaly behavior. The set of third devices measure a disruptive signal based on the measurement configuration and transmit information relating to the second device to the first device. In this way, the source of the anomaly behavior can be detected and localized. Moreover, the integrity of the positioning session can be preserved.
Techniques of determining whether to hand over a user equipment to a new base station include requesting power state information from a neighbouring base to see if the power state of the neighbouring BS is sufficient to serve a UE unable to be served by the current BS due to being in a minimum power mode, DL average power control Region #2. For example, when one BS enters DL average power control Region #2, the BS starts to coordinate with its neighbouring BSs to determine whether the neighbouring BSs are not in Region #2 and exchange segments information. The BS coordinates with UEs at a cell-edge to know if switching the UEs at the cell-edge to neighbouring BS(s) can improve their QoS (throughput).
H04W 52/36 - Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
H04W 36/30 - Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
H04W 52/24 - TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
H04W 52/26 - TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]
92.
A Method, An Apparatus and a Computer Program Product for Video Encoding and Video Decoding
The embodiments relate to a method for encoding and decoding, and to apparatuses for the same. The method for encapsulating includes receiving a visual volumetric video-based coding bitstream containing common atlas bitstream and one or more atlas bitstreams; storing the common atlas bitstream and the one of the one or more atlas bitstreams in samples of one track or in an item data of one item in a file; providing a signaling in the file that indicates that the samples of the one track or the item data of the one item contains both common atlas data and atlas data; and writing in the file the signaling and the samples of the one track or the item data of the one item containing both common atlas data and atlas data. The embodiments also relate to a method for decapsulating and apparatuses for implementing the method for encapsulating and decapsulating.
H04N 21/235 - Processing of additional data, e.g. scrambling of additional data or processing content descriptors
H04N 19/46 - Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
H04N 19/70 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to small data transmission. A terminal device performs a transmission, in a small data transmission, SDT, procedure utilizing a resource associated with a selected Synchronization Signal and PBCH block, SSB. The selected SSB is selected from one or more SSBs available for the SDT procedure. And monitor the selected SSB for a downlink, DL, reception for a period of time. The period of time is based on at least one of: a timer, a time window, a counter of slot, a part of the SDT procedure. The solution for SDT as provided in the present disclosure can keep the DL SSB consistent between terminal device and the network device during the SDT procedure.
An apparatus, method and computer program is described comprising: obtaining movement type data from one or more of a set of one or more users, wherein the movement type data includes an indication of an object being put into a vehicle by one of said users and an indication of the object being removed from the vehicle by one of said users; and identifying a condition in which the object is in the vehicle and none of the set of one or more users is within the vehicle.
Examples of the disclosure relate to spatial audio processing. An apparatus obtains at least two audio signals based on signals from at least two microphones. The apparatus performs a first spatial audio processing of the obtained audio signals for at least a first frequency range to generate a first output and performs a second spatial audio processing of the obtained audio signals for at least a second frequency range to generate a second output. The signal processing operations of the first spatial audio processing include processing based on parametric audio and the signal processing operations of the second spatial audio processing include processing based on beamforming audio. The apparatus combines the first output and the second output to generate a combined output.
There is provided an apparatus comprising: means for receiving, on a source cell, a radio resource control configuration for at least one candidate cell including first configuration information and second configuration information; means for decoding the first configuration information; means for performing the at least one measurement based on the first configuration information; means for transmitting, on the source cell, a measurement report comprising at least one result of the at least one measurement; means for receiving, on the source cell, a message triggering the apparatus to decode the second configuration information; means for decoding the second configuration information; means for receiving, on the source cell, a command to switch the apparatus to a target cell selected amongst the at least one candidate cell; and means for switching to the target cell based on the second configuration information.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and a computer readable storage medium for transmitting a TSC stream via a TSN enabled TN. In the solution, multiple TN streams associated with the multiple candidate network devices respectively may be established in the TSN enabled TN between the UPF and the multiple candidate network devices, where at least one of the multiple TN streams is used for transmitting the packets of the TSC stream between the UPF and the terminal device via a corresponding candidate network device.
An apparatus configured to: determine a sub-network configuration; transmit, to a base station, a request to register the apparatus as an access point for a sub-network operated according to the determined sub-network configuration, wherein a priority is associated with the sub-network; and receive, from the base station, a resource grant for the sub-network. An apparatus configured to: receive, from a user equipment, a request to register the user equipment as an access point for a sub-network operated according to a sub-network configuration, wherein a priority is associated with the sub-network; compare the priority associated with the sub-network with a threshold value; generate a resource grant for the sub-network comprising, at least, at least one frequency band for the user equipment to operate the sub- network; store the at least one frequency band for the sub-network; and transmit, to the user equipment, the resource grant.
The disclosure relates to source distributed unit (S-DU) controlled timing advance (TA) acquisition. In particular, it proposes a solution that enables the network to know whether the TA of the S-DU can be used when the UE of the S-DU or source cell needs to execute handover towards the T-DU or target cell. In particular, the S-DU determines whether the TA value of the S-DU is same as that of the T-DU. If the S-DU and the T-DU share the same TA value, the S-DU informs the CU of the S-DU that the S-DU and the T-DU share the same TA value. The CU informs the T- DU to release resources for acquiring the TA value. The S-DU does not trigger the UE to obtain the TA for the T-DU. In this way, it avoids interruption on the UE side for each unnecessary TA acquisition and performance degradation.
As an aspect, there is provided an apparatus suitable for determining at least one compressed quantization level for conveying measurement data for inference input of at least one machine learning model, wherein the determining is based on experimenting machine learning model inference accuracy with one or more candidates for the at least one compressed quantization level.
