A hydraulic unit (10) for providing a pressurized hydraulic fluid for driving a coupled hydraulic actuator (12), comprising a motor (30) arranged in a motor housing (28), a hydraulic accumulator (40) arranged in an accumulator housing, a hydraulic pump (36) arranged in a hydraulic housing and a hydraulic block (38), wherein the motor housing (28), the accumulator housing and the hydraulic housing are fluidically connected to one another. It is provided that at least one main flow connection between the hydraulic pump (36) and the actuator (12) is guided through at least one channel (44) of the motor housing (28).
The invention relates to an internal gear fluid machine (1) comprising a first gear (3) which has an outer toothing (7) and which is rotatably mounted about a first rotational axis (5) and comprising a second gear (4) which has an inner toothing (8) that meshes with the outer toothing (7) in some regions in an engagement region (9) and which is rotatably mounted about a second rotational axis (6) that differs from the first rotational axis (5). The second gear (4) is surrounded by at least one bearing recess (29) formed in the machine housing (2) at least in some regions in the circumferential direction in order to form a hydrostatic bearing (27), said bearing recess passing through a bearing surface (28) which rests against the second gear (4) in a sliding manner. The bearing recess (29) has different dimensions in the axial direction over the extension thereof in the circumferential direction and/or the bearing surface (28) has different dimensions in the axial direction over the extension thereof in the circumferential direction.
F04C 2/08 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
F04C 2/10 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
3.
GEAR FOR AN INTERNAL GEAR FLUID MACHINE, METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A GEAR, AND INTERNAL GEAR FLUID MACHINE
The invention relates to a gear (4) for an internal gear fluid machine (1), comprising a hollow chamber (17), through which a main part of the gear (4) passes in the axial direction with respect to a rotational axis (6) of the gear (4) and which is outwardly delimited by an inner toothing (8) in the radial direction. Flow channels (20) open into tooth intermediate spaces (19) of the inner toothing (8), said flow channels passing through the outer circumferential surface of the main part on the flow channel side facing away from the tooth intermediate spaces (19) and having central longitudinal axes (22) which are offset with respect to the rotational axis (6) relative to central axes (21) of the tooth intermediate spaces (19) in the circumferential direction. According to the invention, the flow channels (20) only partly pass through the gear (4) from the exterior to the interior in the radial direction in some regions. The invention additionally relates to a method for producing a gear (4) for an internal gear fluid machine (1) and to a corresponding internal gear fluid machine (1).
F01C 1/08 - Rotary-piston machines or engines of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
F04C 2/08 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
F04C 2/10 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
The invention relates to a fluid machine (1), having: a first fluid chamber (12), which is at least intermittently fluidically connected to a first fluid port (17) of the fluid machine (1), and a second fluid chamber (13), which is at least intermittently fluidically connected to a second fluid port (18) of the fluid machine (1); a fluid-conveying element (3), which is supported so as to be rotatable about an axis of rotation (5), delimits the first fluid chamber (12) and/or the second fluid chamber (13) at least in certain regions and is provided and designed to convey a fluid from the first fluid chamber (12) in the direction of the second fluid chamber (13); and a control element (19), which bears slidingly against the fluid-conveying element (3) and in which there is formed at least one control recess (22) which is open in the direction of the fluid-conveying element (3), from which control recess a preliminary control recess (28) proceeds in the circumferential direction with respect to the axis of rotation (5), said preliminary control recess being open in the direction of the fluid-conveying element (3) and extending through an edge (31) of the control recess (22). According to the invention, a flow cross-sectional area of the preliminary control recess (28) exhibits different rates of change in different preliminary control recess regions (32, 33, 34) which follow one another in the circumferential direction.
F01C 21/10 - Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistonsCasings
F04C 2/08 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
F04C 2/10 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
F04C 15/00 - Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups
5.
GEAR FOR A GEARED FLUID MACHINE, PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A GEAR, AND GEARED FLUID MACHINE
The invention relates to a gear (3, 4) for a geared fluid machine (1), comprising toothing (7, 8) which has multiple teeth (17) and is designed as external toothing (7) or as internal toothing (8). According to the invention, a tooth tip recess (27) which is closed around the edges is formed in a tooth tip (23) of at least one of the teeth (17), and/or a tooth base recess (31) which is closed around the edges is formed in at least one tooth base (24) located between two of the teeth (17). The invention further relates to a process for manufacturing a gear (3, 4) for a geared fluid machine (1) and to a geared fluid machine (1).
F04C 2/08 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
F04C 2/10 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
An internal gear fluid machine has a first gearwheel having external toothing mounted rotatably about a first axis of rotation and a second gearwheel having internal toothing meshing in regions with the external toothing in an engagement region and mounted rotatably about a second axis of rotation different from the first axis of rotation. A filler piece is arranged between the first gearwheel and the second gearwheel away from the meshing region which bears on the one side against the external toothing and on the other side against the internal toothing, in order to divide a fluid space present between the first gearwheel and the second gearwheel into a first fluid chamber and a second fluid chamber, and housing walls of a machine housing of the internal gear fluid machine being arranged in the axial direction with respect to the first axis of rotation on both sides of the first gearwheel and of the second gearwheel. The second gearwheel is surrounded in the circumferential direction to form a hydrostatic bearing by a bearing recess formed in the machine housing, which bearing recess at least partially overlaps the second gearwheel in the axial direction and is fluidically connected to a fluid connection of the internal gear fluid machine via a fluid line having a flow resistance.
F04C 2/10 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
F04C 15/06 - Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
7.
Internal gear fluid machine with connection channel in each of two housing walls
An internal gear fluid machine includes a first gearwheel having an external toothing and mounted rotatably about a first axis of rotation, and a second gearwheel having an internal toothing meshing in regions with the external toothing in an engagement region and mounted rotatably about a second axis of rotation different from the first axis of rotation. The internal gear fluid machine additionally includes a filler piece arranged between the first gearwheel and the second gearwheel away from the engagement region, which filler piece bears on one side against the external toothing and on the other side against the internal toothing, in order to divide a fluid space present between the first gearwheel and the second gearwheel into a first fluid chamber and a second fluid chamber. Sealing discs are arranged in the axial direction with respect to the first axis of rotation on both sides of the first gearwheel and the second gearwheel, which, during operation of the internal gear fluid machine, bear in a sealing manner against the first gearwheel and the second gearwheel, and an axial opening is formed in each of the sealing discs. A common one of the fluid chambers is in flow communication with the same fluid connection of the internal gear fluid machine via both axial openings.
F04C 2/10 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
F04C 14/04 - Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for reversible machines or pumps
F04C 15/00 - Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups
F04C 15/06 - Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
The invention relates to a hydraulic unit (10) for providing a pressurized hydraulic fluid for driving a coupled hydraulic actuator (12), comprising: - a motor (30) which is disposed in a motor housing (28); - a hydraulic accumulator (40) which is disposed in an accumulator housing; - a hydraulic pump (36) which is disposed in a hydraulic housing; and - a hydraulic block (38); wherein the motor housing (28), the accumulator housing and the hydraulic housing are fluidically interconnected. According to the invention, at least one main flow connection between the hydraulic pump (36) and the actuator (12) is led through at least one channel (44) of the motor housing (28).
F15B 15/18 - Combined units comprising both motor and pump
F15B 21/04 - Special measures taken in connection with the properties of the fluid
F15B 7/00 - Fluid-pressure actuator systems in which the movement produced is definitely related to the output of a volumetric pumpTelemotors
F15B 15/14 - Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to anotherGearing associated therewith characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
H02K 5/20 - Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
F04C 15/00 - Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups
The invention relates to an internal gear fluid machine comprising a first gearwheel, which has an external toothing system and is rotatably mounted about a first axis of rotation, and a second gearwheel, which has an internal toothing system meshing in some regions with the external toothing system in an engagement region and which is rotatably mounted about a second axis of rotation which is different from the first axis of rotation, wherein a filler piece is arranged between the first gearwheel and the second gearwheel away from the engagement region, wherein said filler piece bears on one side against the external toothing system and on the other side against the internal toothing system in order to divide a fluid space located between the first gearwheel and the second gearwheel into a first fluid chamber and a second fluid chamber, and wherein housing walls of a machine housing of the internal gear fluid machine are arranged on both sides of the first gearwheel and the second gearwheel in the axial direction with regard to the first axis of rotation, and the filler piece is mounted on the machine housing by means of at least one holding pin which acts on at least one of the housing walls. It is provided here that the holding pin is mounted rotatably on the housing wall via at least one intermediate piece, wherein the housing wall consists of a housing wall material and the intermediate piece consists of an intermediate piece material which is different from the housing wall material. The invention further relates to a method for producing an internal gear fluid machine.
F04C 2/10 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
F04C 15/00 - Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups
The invention relates to an internal gear fluid machine (1), comprising a first gear wheel (3), which has an outer toothing (7) and is rotatably mounted about a first axis of rotation (5), and a second gear wheel which has an inner toothing (8) meshing in some regions with the outer toothing (7) in an engagement region (9) and is rotatably mounted about a second axis of rotation (6) which is different from the first axis of rotation (5), wherein a filler piece (11) is arranged between the first gear wheel (3) and the second gear wheel (4) away from the engagement region (9), wherein said filler piece bears against the outer toothing (7) and the inner toothing (8) in order to divide a fluid space (10) located between the first gear wheel (3) and the second gear wheel (4) into a first fluid chamber (12) and a second fluid chamber (13), and wherein sealing discs (26) are arranged in the axial direction with respect to the first axis of rotation (5) on either side of the first gear wheel (3) and the second gear wheel (4), wherein said sealing discs bear sealingly against the first gear wheel (3) and the second gear wheel (4) during an operation of the internal gear fluid machine (1), an axial aperture (27) being formed in each of the sealing discs (26). Each fluid chamber (12, 13) has a flow connection to the respective fluid connection (21, 22) of the internal gear fluid machine (1) via both axial apertures (27).
F04C 2/10 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
F04C 15/00 - Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups
F04C 15/06 - Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
The invention relates to an internal gear fluid machine (1), comprising a first gear wheel (3), which has an outer toothing (7) and is rotatably mounted about a first axis of rotation (5), and a second gear wheel which has an inner toothing (8) meshing in some regions with the outer toothing (7) in an engagement region (9) and is rotatably mounted about a second axis of rotation (6) which is different from the first axis of rotation (5), wherein a filler piece (11) is arranged between the first gear wheel (3) and the second gear wheel (4) away from the engagement region (9), wherein said filler piece bears against the outer toothing (7) and the inner toothing (8) in order to divide a fluid space (10) located between the first gear wheel (3) and the second gear wheel (4) into a first fluid chamber (12) and a second fluid chamber (13), and wherein housing walls of a machine housing (2) of the internal gear fluid machine (1) are arranged in the axial direction with respect to the first axis of rotation (5) on either side of the first gear wheel (3) and the second gear wheel (4). The second gear wheel (4) is surrounded in the circumferential direction by a bearing recess (20) formed in the machine housing (2) for forming a hydrostatic bearing, wherein said bearing recess at least partially extends over the second gear wheel (4) in the axial direction and is connected in a flow-conducting manner to a fluid connection (21, 22) of the internal gear machine (1) via a fluid line having a flow resistance (23).
F04C 2/10 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
F04C 15/00 - Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups
F04C 15/06 - Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
Measuring apparatus, regulating apparatus, checking
(supervision) apparatus and control devices, especially
conventional ballasts and electronic ballasts, for operating
lamps, air purifiers and air-conditioning installations, for
buildings, vehicles, cabins, storage depots and aeroplanes. Lighting lamps, in particular electric discharge lamps,
fluorescent lamps and LED lamps; UVC pipes; air
conditioners, air purifiers and air washer, in particular
for filtering and purifying air in buildings, cabins,
vehicles, aeroplanes and storage depots.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
Measuring apparatus, Regulating apparatus, Checking (supervision) apparatus and Control devices, Especially Conventional ballasts and Electronic ballasts, For operating lamps, air purifiers and air-conditioning installations, for buildings, vehicles, cabins, storage depots and aeroplanes. Lighting lamps, In particular Electric discharge lamps, Fluorescent lamps and LED lamps; UVC pipes; Air conditioners, air purifiers and air washer, In particular For filtering and purifying air in buildings, cabins, vehicles, aeroplanes and storage depots.
A fluid delivery device having a forepump and a main pump fluidically connected to the forepump, wherein the forepump can be driven via a forepump input shaft and the main pump can be driven via a main pump input shaft. According to the invention, the forepump has a forepump drive gear coupled to the forepump input shaft and a forepump delivery gear interacting with the forepump drive gear to deliver the fluid, wherein the forepump and the main pump are drivingly coupled to a common drive shaft, and wherein the forepump delivery gear and the main pump input shaft are connected to one another via a connecting shaft such that the forepump input shaft is coupled directly to the drive shaft and the main pump input shaft is coupled to the drive shaft via the connecting shaft.
F04C 11/00 - Combinations of two or more machines or pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston typePumping installations
F04C 2/10 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
F04C 2/18 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with similar tooth forms
F04C 14/26 - Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves using bypass channels
The invention relates to an internal gear fluid machine (1) having a housing (2), a ring gear (3) mounted rotatably about a ring gear rotation axis (5) in the housing (2), and a pinion (4) mounted rotatably about a pinion rotation axis (6) offset parallel to the ring gear rotation axis (5) in the ring gear (3). Viewed in cross-section, internal teeth (7) of the ring gear (3) mesh sealingly with external teeth (8) of the pinion (4) in an engagement region (9) fixed to the housing to form a first sealing point (10), and, to form a second sealing point (11), at least one tooth tip (12) of the internal teeth (7) bears sealingly against a tooth tip (13) of the external teeth (8), or both the tooth tip (12) of the internal teeth (7) and the tooth tip (13) of the external teeth (8) bear against a filler piece on opposing sides. Between the internal teeth (7) and the external teeth (8), there is a first fluid space (16) on one side of a pressure chord (14) which intersects the first sealing point (10) and the second sealing point (11), and a second fluid space (17) on the other side of the pressure chord (14). The ring gear (3) is mounted rotatably in a compensation ring (18) which is accommodated with play in the radial direction in a compensation ring holder (20) of the housing (2), the compensation ring (18) being held on the housing (2) such that it can pivot about a pivot axis into different pivot positions and being fixed in the circumferential direction inside the housing (2) by means of an anti-rotation means (25). According to the invention, the compensation ring (18) is assigned multiple support devices (21), which each form a tilting bearing for tilting the compensation ring (18) relative to the housing (2) about a tilting axis.
F04C 2/10 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
The invention relates to a fluid delivery device (1) having a primary pump (2) and a main pump (3) fluidically connected to the primary pump (2), wherein the primary pump (2) can be driven by a primary pump input shaft (8), and the main pump (3) can be driven by a main pump input shaft (9), and the primary pump input shaft (8) and the main pump input shaft (9) are mechanically coupled to a common drive shaft (7) of the fluid delivery device (1). The invention is characterized in that the primary pump (2) is in the form of an non-compensated gear pump or a centrifugal pump and the main pump (3) is in the form of a compensated internal gear pump.
F04C 2/10 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
F04C 23/00 - Combinations of two or more pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type, specially adapted for elastic fluidsPumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluidsMulti-stage pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
The invention relates to a fluid delivery device (1) having a forepump (2) and a main pump (3) fluidically connected to the forepump (2), wherein the forepump (2) can be driven via a forepump input shaft (13) and the main pump (3) can be driven via a pump input shaft (14). According to the invention, the forepump (2) has a forepump drive gear (16) coupled to the forepump input shaft (13) and a forepump delivery gear (17) interacting with the forepump drive gear (16) to deliver the fluid, wherein the forepump (2) and the main pump (3) are drivingly coupled to a common input shaft (15), and wherein the forepump delivery gear (17) and the main pump input shaft (14) are connected to one another via a connecting shaft (21) such that the forepump input shaft (13) is coupled directly to the drive shaft (15) and the main pump input shaft (14) is coupled to the drive shaft (15) via the connecting shaft (21).
F04C 2/10 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
F04C 2/18 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with similar tooth forms
F04C 11/00 - Combinations of two or more machines or pumps, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston typePumping installations
F04C 14/26 - Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves using bypass channels
19.
Geared fluid machine with circumferential seal having first and second spaced apart seal limbs
A geared fluid machine has a machine housing and first and second intermeshing gearwheels that are rotatably mounted in the machine housing with respect to an axis of rotation and are arranged at least partially contacting by their end faces. At least one axial washer is arranged in the machine housing with axial play and has on a distal side a pressure field surrounded by a circumferential seal. The seal contacts and seals against a first bearing surface of the axial washer, and also contacts and seals against a second bearing surface of the machine housing. The seal is at least partially U-shaped in section and has a first seal limb contacting the first bearing surface, a second seal limb contacting the second bearing surface, and a connecting limb connecting the first and second seal limbs.
F04C 15/00 - Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups
F01C 19/08 - Axially-movable sealings for working fluids
F04C 2/18 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with similar tooth forms
F04C 2/10 - Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
Mechanical equipment for converting mechanical energy into hydrostatic energy of vice versa (pumps and/or motors); pumps, in particular hydraulic pumps, mainly liquid pumps, in particular mechanical liquid pumps, pumps for water hydraulics, and parts therefor; piston pumps, in particular axial piston pumps, gear pumps, in particular internal gear pumps, pumps for automotive applications, in particular for brake hydraulics, automated gear boxes, high-pressure petrol and diesel apparatus and installations, active suspensions and suspension systems, steering aids and steering apparatus and installations, and parts therefor; pumps for industrial applications, in particular for presses, pipe-bending systems and edging shears; pumps for mobile applications, including fork-lift trucks; pumps for heating, refrigerating, drying, ventilating, air-conditioning and water supply apparatus; solar pumps, shut-off valve pumps, oscillating piston pumps, centrifugal pumps, vane pumps, electromagnetic pumps, suction pumps, pressure pumps, condensate pumps, diaphragm pumps, hose pumps, dosing pumps, air domes, and parts therefor; central oil-supplying systems and oil-conveying systems, mainly consisting of pumps for the central supplying of oil-fired furnaces; pumps for the central supplying of oil to oil burners and oil-fired furnaces, oil burner pumps; motors, in particular hydraulic motors, and parts therefor; pumps and motors for stationary or mobile applications, in particular hydropumps and hydromotors; fluidic internal gear wheel machines, in particular pumps and motors and parts therefor; couplings for motors and pumps; shaft couplings; hydraulic quick-connect couplings; building elements for the control and regulation of mechanical apparatus for the conversion of mechanical energy into hydrostatic energy or vice versa, mainly consisting of valves, fittings, accumulators; hydraulic pressure switches; hydraulic controls; hydraulic valves; pressure valves; pressure limiting valves. Measuring, signalling, checking (supervision) and control apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; electronic apparatus and parts therefor; electronic fluorescent lamp ballasts for lighting apparatus, in particular for fluorescent lamps; electronic equipment for water sterilisation; safety cut-outs, in particular for condensate pumps; electric pressure switches; electronic and magnetic controls; float controls; solenoid valves; sensors, in particular temperature, pressure and humidity sensors. Apparatus for lighting, heating, refrigerating, drying, ventilating, air-conditioning and water supply purposes, and parts therefor.