The method according to the invention relates to heating a fluid in an electrical heating device (80) via the infrared radiation of an infrared-radiating surface. The heating device (80) has a resistance heating element arrangement (12) comprising resistance heating elements (13), the surfaces of which form the infrared radiating surface and emit infrared radiation into an absorber chamber (16) through which the fluid to be heated flows. The fluid comprises an infrared-absorbing gas and heats up by absorbing the infrared radiation (15). At high temperatures, non-inert gases, i.e. a non-inert fluid, have a corrosive effect on resistance heating elements (13). A protective gas arrangement (82) prevents corrosive fluid from coming into contact with the resistance heating elements (13).
The present invention relates to a method for the thermochemical production of a fuel gas such as syngas in a reactor, via a chemical looping process that comprises a process of reforming of a hydrocarbon such as for example methane and a process of splitting carbon dioxide, as well as a device for the production of a method for the thermochemical production of a fuel gas such as syngas.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
3.
SHELL-AND-TUBE REACTOR AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE REDOX PROCESS
The present invention relates to a high-temperature tube bundle reactor built from material derived from metal oxides such as alumina-zirconia wherein the heat exchange surfaces of the reactor have specific surface finish and the bulk matrix of the material of the various components of the reactor has specific grain, pore size and porosity characteristics. The present invention also relates to a high-temperature redox process using the aforesaid reactor.
C04B 38/00 - Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic warePreparation thereof
F28D 7/16 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
F28F 13/00 - Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
F28F 21/04 - Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of ceramicConstructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of concreteConstructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of natural stone
F28F 13/18 - Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflectingArrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
C04B 111/00 - Function, property or use of the mortars, concrete or artificial stone
F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups
The invention relates to a receiver (50) having an absorber (55) and an opening (53) for the solar rays incident on the absorber (55) during operation, wherein a window (52, 60, 61, 62) is provided, which covers the opening (53), and wherein a changing assembly (51) is provided, which interacts with said window to change the window (52) covering the opening (53) for another window (60, 61 62).
A process for the production of syngas comprising the steps of providing a feed gas comprising a hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide and optionally steam, contacting a flow of said feed gas with a metal oxide to form syngas, wherein the mole fraction of carbon dioxide or in the case the feed gas comprises steam, the sum of the mole fractions of carbon dioxide and steam, in the feed gas is between 0.3 and 0.7; and/or wherein the mole fraction of the hydrocarbon in the feed gas is between 0.3 to 0.5, wherein the feed gas is contacted with the metal oxide at a temperature of between 1050K and 1600K.
C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
6.
Method for operating a receiver and receiver for carrying out the method
The receiver is provided with the heating area for heating a heat-transporting medium. The receiver has an optical opening for sunlight. An absorber absorbing the sunlight is arranged within the path of the incidental sunlight and with a transport arrangement for the transport of the medium through the heating area. The absorber is designed as a blackbody radiation arrangement with reduced convection and the transport arrangement for the transport of a gas is designed as a heat-transporting medium. By means of this, the receiver can be designed in a simpler and more reliable manner.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
04 - Industrial oils and greases; lubricants; fuels
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
39 - Transport, packaging, storage and travel services
Goods & Services
Synthetic gases obtained through the use of renewable energy
sources, such as for example solar, wind, geothermal and
hydroelectric energy; gaseous hydrocarbons such as methane,
propane, butane, ethylene, acetylene, dimethyl ether and
liquid hydrocarbons obtained through the use of renewable
energy sources, such as for example solar, wind, geothermal
and hydroelectric energy; hydrocarbon-based polymers
obtained through the use of renewable energy sources, such
as for example solar, wind, geothermal and hydroelectric
energy; ammonia and ammonia products obtained through the
use of renewable energy sources, such as for example solar,
wind, geothermal and hydroelectric energy. Fuels produced from chemicals obtained through the use of
renewable energy sources, such as for example solar, wind,
geothermal and hydroelectric energy; fuels produced from
hydrogen obtained through the use of renewable energy
sources, such as for example solar, wind, geothermal and
hydroelectric energy; fuels produced from hydrocarbons
obtained through the use of renewable energy sources, such
as for example solar, wind, geothermal and hydroelectric
energy; fuels produced from ammonia obtained through the use
of renewable energy sources, such as for example solar,
wind, geothermal and hydroelectric energy. Solar thermal installations; components for solar thermal
installations; solar thermal installations for generating
electricity; components for solar thermal installations for
generating electricity. Solar thermal installations for heat generation; solar
thermal installations for the production of chemical
components such as for example fuels and raw materials for
the production of fuels; components for solar thermal
installations for heat generation; components for solar
thermal installations for the production of chemical
components such as for example fuels and raw materials for
the production of fuels; installations for the storage of
heat; steam generators; heat exchanger; solar collectors
as components of solar power plants; solar thermochemical
reactors. Installation, operation and handling of solar power plants;
repair and handling of components of solar power plants;
repair and handling of heliostats and control systems
therefor, thermal solar collectors, thermal storage,
thermochemical reactors, steam generators, heat exchangers
and installations for the production of synthetic fuels. Distribution of high-temperature heat obtained through the
use of renewable energy sources in the form of steam or gas,
and of fuels obtained though the use of renewable energy
sources and raw materials for the production of fuels.
The invention relates to a method for producing syngas by means of solar radiation, in which the reactor of a receiver-reactor is periodically heated via an aperture provided in the same for solar radiation by means of the solar radiation to an upper reduction temperature for a reduction process and subsequently cooled to a lower oxidation temperature for an oxidation process in the presence of an oxidation gas, wherein the sunlight is guided through an absorption chamber onto an absorber configured as a reactor, which includes a reducible/oxidizable material, and wherein a gas that absorbs the black-body radiation of the absorber is guided through the absorption chamber and the absorption chamber is configured so that the back radiation of the absorber through the aperture is essentially absorbed by the gas. Radiation losses caused by back radiation of the black-body radiation exiting the optical aperture are thus avoided in accordance with the invention. The heat of the back radiation, however, can be utilized directly in the heat-transporting fluid and is available for a flexible usage. The receiver-reactor has a simple design and is suitable as a low-cost receiver-reactor.
C01B 3/06 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
B01J 15/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with non-particulate solids, e.g. sheet materialApparatus specially adapted therefor
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
F24S 20/20 - Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
F24S 50/40 - Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors responsive to temperature
F24S 80/00 - Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups
F24S 90/00 - Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
9.
SOLAR POWER PLANT HAVING A SOLID-MATTER HEAT COLLECTOR AND METHOD FOR LOADING A SOLID-MATTER HEAT COLLECTOR
The invention relates to a solar power plant having a receiver (1), at least one high-temperature solid-matter heat collector (3), a load (2), and a fluid line arrangement (F1 to F6), forming a first portion of a fluid flow path, for a heat-transporting fluid, which fluid line arrangement, for the circulation of the fluid, connects the receiver (1), the solid-matter high-temperature heat collector (3) and the load (2) to one another for operation, wherein the high-temperature solid-matter heat collector (3) has, for exchanging heat with the heat-transporting fluid, a second portion of the fluid flow path (Fl II), wherein a burner (4) and a flue gas line arrangement forming a first portion of a flue gas path (RG 1 to RG 2) is provided for the flue gases of the burner (4), which flue gas line arrangement leads from the burner (4) to the solid-matter high-temperature heat collector (3) and away from the latter, wherein the solid-matter high-temperature heat collector (3) has a second portion of the flue gas path (RG II) for exchanging heat with the flue gas, which second portion is formed by the second portion of the fluid flow path (Fl II).
The invention relates to a receiver (50) having an absorber (55) and an opening (53) for the solar rays incident on the absorber (55) during operation, wherein a window (52, 60, 61, 62) is provided, which covers the opening (53), and wherein a changing assembly (51) is provided, which interacts with said window to change the window (52) covering the opening (53) for another window (60, 61 62).
A process for the production of syngas comprising the steps of providing a feed gas comprising a hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide and optionally steam, contacting a flow of said feed gas with a metal oxide to form syngas, wherein the mole fraction of carbon dioxide or in the case the feed gas comprises steam, the sum of the mole fractions of carbon dioxide and steam, in the feed gas is between 0.3 and 0.7; and/or wherein the mole fraction of the hydrocarbon in the feed gas is between 0.3 to 0.5, wherein the feed gas is contacted with the metal oxide at a temperature of between 1200 K and 1600 K and wherein the feed gas has a pressure of from 2 bar to 20 bar.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
04 - Industrial oils and greases; lubricants; fuels
07 - Machines and machine tools
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
37 - Construction and mining; installation and repair services
39 - Transport, packaging, storage and travel services
Goods & Services
Syngas for industrial use made from renewable energy, such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermical energy and hydroelectric energy; Hydrocarbon gases, namely, methane, ethane, propane, butane, ethylene, acetylene, demethyl ether and fluid hydrocarbons made from renewable energy, in the nature of solar energy, wind energy, geothermical energy and hydroelectric energy; Hydrocarbon based polymeres made from renewable energy, such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermical energy and hydroelectric energy; Ammonia made from renewable energy, in the nature of solar energy, wind energy, geothermical energy and hydroelectric energy Fuels produced from chemical products manufactured with renewable energy, in particular solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and hydroelectric energy; Fuels produced from hydrogen manufactured with renewable energy, in particular solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and hydroelectric energy; Fuels produced from hydrocarbons manufactured with renewable energy, in particular solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and hydroelectric energy; Fuels produced from ammonia manufactured with renewable energy, in particular solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and hydroelectric energy Solar panels for generating electricity; solar-powered electricity generators Photovoltaic thermal installations, namely, namely, solar modules for production of electricity, solar thermal and electric receivers, tracking mechanisms and concentrating optics and control algorithms Solar thermal installations, namely, solar thermal module for generating heat; Solar thermal installations, namely, solar thermal modules for generating fuels and raw materials for fuels; Components for solar thermal installations for generating heat; Components for solar thermal installations for generating fuels and raw materials for fuels; storage heaters; steam generators; heat exchangers not being parts of machines; solar energy receivers as parts of solar power plants; solar thermochemical reactors Installation and maintenance of solar power plants; Repair and maintenance of components of solar power plants; repair and maintenance of heliostats and heliostat control systems, solar thermal receivers, thermal storage systems, solar thermochemical reactors, boilers and steam generators, heat exchangers and installations for the manufacturing of synthetic fuels Distribution of high-temperature heat in the nature of supplying heat obtained from renewable energy in the form of steam or gas, and delivery of fuels obtained from renewable energy and raw materials for fuels
13.
METHOD FOR OPERATING A RECEIVER AND RECEIVER FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD
The receiver (25, 50, 100, 120) according to the invention is provided with a heating region (26) for heating a heat-carrying medium, having an optical opening (3) for sunlight and an absorber (27, 51) arranged in the path of the incident sunlight and absorbing said sunlight, and with a transport assembly (29) for transporting the medium through the heating region, wherein the absorber (27, 52) is designed as a black-body radiation assembly with reduced convection, and the transport assembly is designed for transporting a gas as the heat-carrying medium. In this way, the receiver can be designed to be simpler and more reliable.
The invention relates to a method for insulating a process unit, which is provided with an insulating region (17, 41) for curbing the flow of heat from a hot side to a cold side of the insulating region (17, 41), the insulating region being cooled at a point with a temperature that is lower than the temperature of the hot side, the heat absorbed by a cooling medium being transported out of the insulating region and being supplied as recovered heat to a consumer of heat.
The invention relates to a method for producing syngas with the aid of solar radiation, in which the reactor of a receiver-reactor is heated to an upper reduction temperature periodically by the solar radiation via an opening provided in said receiver-reactor for a reduction process and then is cooled to a lower oxidation temperature in the presence of an oxidation gas for an oxidation process, wherein the sunlight is guided through an absorption chamber to an absorber designed as a reactor, said absorber having a reducible/oxidisable material, and wherein a gas absorbing the black body radiation of the absorber is guided through the absorption chamber, the absorption chamber being designed such that the reflection of the absorber through the opening is substantially absorbed by the gas. According to the invention, radiation losses through reflection of the black body radiation out of the optical opening are thus avoided. The heat of the reflection can however be directly used in the heat-transporting fluid and is available for flexible use. The receiver-reactor has a simple design and is suitable as a low-cost receiver-reactor.
C01B 3/04 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
The invention relates to a process system (1, 60, 100, 130, 160, 180, 190) comprising heat stores (3,4,30,61,61a-61d,62,62a-62d,110,163-165,181-183, 195-198), which are designed to store heat between an upper (To) and a lower temperature (Tu) and to discharge the same again, and comprising a conduit arrangement (L) for the transport of heat-transporting medium to the heat stores (3,4,30,61,61a-61d,62,62a-62d,110,163-165,181-183, 195-198) and away from the latter again, wherein a plurality of operable process units (2,63,63a-63d,161-162, 184-185,191-193) are provided between the upper (To) and the lower temperature (T(u) and are each arranged such that the process units are capable of operation between two heat stores (3,4,30,61,61a-61d,62,62a-62d,110,163-165,181-183, 195-198), through the conduit arrangement (L). This results in a reduced outlay for the production of the process system.
The invention relates to a method for exchanging heat contained in a fluid. A gas which is heated indirectly and emits infrared radiation is used as the fluid, said fluid being guided to the heat exchanger via an inlet and through an absorber chamber in the heat exchanger, and at least one surface, which absorbs the infrared radiation of the gas in order to use the heat of the gas, is provided in the absorber chamber. The mass flow and the temperature of the gas are additionally adjusted and the at least one surface which is absorbent for the heat exchange is designed such that the ratio ψ of the heat flowing through the surface as a result of absorption to the total heat flowing through the surface is ≥ 0.6 during operation. Thus, a simpler and less expensive heat exchanger can be implemented.
F28F 13/18 - Arrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflectingArrangements for modifying heat transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
F28D 7/16 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
F24C 9/00 - Stoves or ranges heated by a single type of energy supply not covered by groups or subclass
F24S 80/20 - Working fluids specially adapted for solar heat collectors
F23C 3/00 - Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
The receiver (25) according to the invention is provided with a heating region for heating a heat-carrying medium, having an optical opening (3) for sunlight and an absorber (27) arranged in the path of the incident sunlight (4) and absorbing said sunlight, and with a transport assembly for transporting the medium through the heating region, wherein the absorber (27) is designed as a black-body radiation assembly with reduced convection, and the transport assembly is designed for transporting a gas as the heat-carrying medium. In this way, the receiver can be designed to be simpler and more reliable.
The invention relates to a processing system comprising a processing unit (1, 60, 100) that can be operated between an upper (To) and a lower (Tu) temperature. A first heat accumulator (3, 61) and a second heat accumulator (4, 62) are operationally interconnected by means of a line arrangement (L) for a heat-transporting medium, said processing unit (1, 60, 100) being arranged in a first section (I) of said line arrangement (L) between the first (3, 61) and the second heat accumulator (4, 62).
The invention relates to a process system (1, 60, 100, 130, 160, 180, 190) comprising heat stores (3,4,30,61,61a-61d,62,62a-62d,110,163-165,181-183, 195-198), which are designed to store heat between an upper (To) and a lower temperature (Tu) and to discharge the same again, and comprising a conduit arrangement (L) for the transport of heat-transporting medium to the heat stores (3,4,30,61,61a-61d,62,62a-62d,110,163-165,181-183, 195-198) and away from the latter again, wherein a plurality of operable process units (2,63,63a-63d,161-162, 184-185,191-193) are provided between the upper (To) and the lower tempreature (T(u) and are each arranged such that the process units are capable of operation between two heat stores (3,4,30,61,61a-61d,62,62a-62d,110,163-165,181-183, 195-198), through the conduit arrangement (L). This results in a reduced outlay for the production of the process system.
The invention relates to a processing system comprising a processing unit (1, 60, 100) that can be operated between an upper (To) and a lower (Tu) temperature. A first heat accumulator (3, 61) and a second heat accumulator (4, 62) are operationally interconnected by means of a line arrangement (L) for a heat-transporting medium, said processing unit (1, 60, 100) being arranged in a first section (I) of said line arrangement (L) between the first (3, 61) and the second heat accumulator (4, 62).
