The invention relates to a system, vehicle and method for cleaning parabolic troughs, heliostats and photovoltaic panels, which comprises a tractor vehicle (1) with a crane (2) connected at one end to an arc (3) that holds a support structure (4, 6, 7, 10), characterised in that said support structure (4, 6, 7, 10) comprises at the end thereof at least one cleaning system (5) for cleaning solar trackers (thermosolar and photovoltaic) that can be used in solar plants, both in thermosolar plants of parabolic troughs or heliostats and in plants of photovoltaic solar panels or photovoltaic trackers.
The invention relates to a method for calibrating a heliostat of a field of heliostats, comprising the following steps: providing a linear transformation to convert three-dimensional coordinates into two-dimensional coordinates in pixels in an image; obtaining the actual three-dimensional coordinates of the corner points of the reflective surface of each heliostat, for an image captured by a first image-capturing device and an image captured by a second image-capturing device at a determined time; obtaining the two-dimensional coordinates of the corner points of the reflective surface; identifying the contour of the reflective surface of each heliostat in each image; and identifying an ROI in each image. As well as, for each selected heliostat, obtaining a first parameter of the intensity of the pixels of the ROI corresponding to the heliostat in the image captured by the first device; obtaining a second parameter related to the intensity of the pixels of the ROI corresponding to the heliostat in the image captured by the second device; determining adjustments to be applied to the heliostat; and applying the adjustments.
The invention relates to a hybrid power plant based on the use of solar energy and biomass, comprising: a solar receptor (1) of molten salts; a storage tank (3) for cold salts connected to the receptor; a storage tank (4) for hot salts, where the salts are stored once heated in the receptor; a vapour generator (5); a power block (7) configured to generate electricity from the overheated vapour coming from the vapour generator (5); a condenser (6); an exchanger (24) for heat between the water coming from the condenser (6) and the products obtained in a thermo-chemical treatment of biomass decomposition; a system of water-vapour heat exchangers (49) positioned in series and configured to pre-heat the water coming from the heat exchanger (24) before entry into the vapour generator (5); and an exchanger (9) for heat between salts and biomass.
F03G 6/06 - Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
F24J 2/00 - Use of solar heat, e.g. solar heat collectors (distillation or evaporation of water using solar energy C02F 1/14;roof covering aspects of energy collecting devices E04D 13/18;devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy F03G 6/00;semiconductor devices specially adapted for converting solar energy into electrical energy H01L 31/00;photovoltaic [PV] cells including means directly associated with the PV cell to utilise heat energy H01L 31/525;PV modules including means associated with the PV module to utilise heat energy H02S 40/44)
The present invention relates to a novel device for the optical measurement of the reflection coefficient of a surface (1), which comprises: one or more optical channels, each channel comprising a plurality of LEDs (2) for emitting a beam of light at one or more wavelengths; a first photodetector (4) for measuring the beam of direct light from the LEDs in the optical channel; a diaphragm (5) situated at the outlet of the optical light channel, to limit the opening of the outlet of the light beam; a lens (6) disposed to receive the beam reflected on the surface (1) and to focus the beam; and a second photodetector (8) for measuring the signal of the light beam reflected by the surface (1) to be measured. The device of the invention is able to minimise the quantity of diffuse light present in the measurement without losing a high intrinsic tolerance of the measurement in the face of different curvatures and different mirror thicknesses, without needing to perform any additional adjustment to the device.
The invention relates to a connection for pipes (1, 2) with different coefficients of thermal expansion, which are designed to transport pressurised fluids that are exposed to high temperatures. The connection comprises a first pipe portion (1), one end of which terminates in a flank (10), and a second pipe portion (2) having a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than the first pipe portion (1) and terminating at one end in a flank (11). The adjacent ends of the two pipe portions (1, 2) comprise a first longitudinal zone (8) having a larger internal diameter than that of a second longitudinal zone (9) of the pipe portion (1, 2). In addition, the connection comprises insulation (6) located in the first longitudinal zone (8) of the two pipe portions (1, 2) and a securing and compression element (3).
Method for actuating upon a hydraulic solar collector tracking system, said system (100) comprising at least one hydraulic cylinder (3, 5) to tilt a solar collector surface (2) of the hydraulic solar collector tracking system (100) with respect to at least one elevation axis (Y) to cause the solar collector tracking system (100) to go into a wind stow position. The pressure of at least one of the chambers of at least one hydraulic cylinder (3, 5) of the system (100) is measured, the actuation upon the hydraulic cylinder (3) in charge of causing the solar collector tracking system (100) to go into the wind stow position being regulated depending on said measured pressure, to cause the solar collector tracking system (100) to go into the wind stow position.
Disclosed is a high-deficiency solar power plant that comprises a main closed, regenerative Brayton cycle (14) that works with a supercritical fluid and at least one closed bottoming cycle which can be a Rankine cycle (15) or a Brayton cycle (16). The main Brayton cycle (14) comprises: a heat source comprising a solar receptor (1); an expander (2); an electricity generator (3); a primary heat recuperator (4); optionally, a heat exchanger (5); a secondary heat recuperator (6); a refrigerator (7); a compressor (8); and a pump (9). In a preferred embodiment, a Rankine bottoming cycle (15) is connected to the main cycle (14) by a heat exchanger (5), while a Brayton bottoming cycle (16) is connected to the main cycle (14) by the primary heat recuperator (4).
The invention relates to a non-invasive method and system for evaluation of the state of vacuum and detection of the type of gas present in the interannular cavity of receiver tubes (1) arranged in cylindro-parabolic collectors. The method comprises the ignition of a plasma in the annular cavity of said receiver tube (1), and the subsequent evaluation of the spectrum emitted by the excited plasma by means of an optical analysis subsystem. The system according to the invention also comprises a radiofrequency source (2), an impedance coupler (3) and a radiofrequency applicator (4) by which means radiofrequency energy is applied to the glass outer cover (1'') of the tube (1). The optical analysis subsystem is provided with a spectrometer (7) which is connected to a computer (10) and carries out the analysis of the spectrum of the gas present in the receiver tube (1).
F24J 2/14 - semi-cylindrical or cylindro-parabolic
F24J 2/46 - Component parts, details or accessories of solar heat collectors
G01N 21/68 - Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence using high frequency electric fields
G01L 21/34 - Vacuum gauges by making use of ionisation effects using electric discharge tubes with cold cathodes
9.
Spectrophotometer for the characterisation of receivers of solar collectors
Spectrophotometer for the characterization of receivers of solar collectors in order to determine optical properties (transmittance and reflectance). The equipment allows the evaluation of a receiver tube in real time and in any kind of light conditions, both inside and outside. The equipment also allows the detection of the eccentricity between the outer tube and the inner tube, which directly influences the reliability of the measurement. The equipment has a mechanical system for allowing a rotation of the equipment around the tube in order to find the optimum measurement position and attach itself to the tube.
G01N 21/27 - ColourSpectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection
G01N 21/25 - ColourSpectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
F24S 20/20 - Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
F24S 10/40 - Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar heat collectors
10.
Method for producing a hydrogen-detection sensor and resulting sensor
A method is provided for producing a visual hydrogen sensor and to a sensor produced in this manner, the sensor allowing the presence of hydrogen gas in a medium to be detected by the naked eye as a result of a change of color in the sensor. The method involves the deposition of thin porous layers of oxides that do not absorb visible light in their completely oxidized state which become colored when they are partially reduced. This deposition is carried out using vapor phase deposition (PVD) in a glancing angle configuration (GLAD). The method also involves the preparation of a solution of an active metal precursor capable of dissociating the hydrogen molecule and a carrier vector and the deposition of this solution on the oxide layer in order to incorporate a minimum quantity of active metal within the pores of the oxide layer in the form of nanoparticles.
G01N 33/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups
G01N 21/78 - Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
C23C 14/22 - Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
G01N 31/22 - Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroupsApparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
11.
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DETECTING INCIDENT RADIATION ON A SOLAR RECEIVER
The invention relates to a system and method for detecting incident radiation on a solar receiver having regions at different temperatures, said system comprising: at least one radiation collector connecting a first radiation-receiving end, located in a high-temperature front region, and a second radiation-detecting region, located in a low-temperature rear region; and at lest one module for measuring the radiation guided by the radiation collector, located in the rear detection region. The invention can be used to obtain measurements of the light distribution in the receiver, using means designed to guide the light that hits the tower at any angle of incidence, said means having a thermal resistance to withstand the high temperatures present on the detection surface of the tower.
F24J 2/46 - Component parts, details or accessories of solar heat collectors
H04B 10/80 - Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups , e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
G01J 1/42 - Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
F24J 2/10 - having reflectors as concentrating elements
12.
DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE TEMPERATURE OF PARABOLIC-TROUGH SOLAR COLLECTOR TUBES, AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT METHOD
The invention relates to a device for measuring the temperature of parabolic-trough solar collector tubes, comprising: - a module for detecting the electromagnetic radiation originating from the inner tube (2) and the outer tube (1) of a parabolic-trough solar collector, said module in turn comprising at least one detector means (8) consisting of a pair formed by a photodiode (11) and a thermopile (10), such that the thermopile (10) and the photodiode (11) measure in non-overlapping spectral ranges, a diaphragm (12) made from low-emissivity material and located next to the detector means (8), and electronic means for amplifying and filtering the signals detected by the detector means (8); a control module (6) including means for receiving, processing and storing the measurements obtained in the detection module; and a casing (4) containing at least one detection module.
G01K 7/01 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using semiconducting elements having PN junctions
G01K 13/00 - Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
G01K 7/02 - Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
F24S 23/74 - Arrangements for concentrating solar rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
The invention relates to a photovoltaic solar tracker with a structure comprising a post (1) with foundations in the ground, configured to transmit the loads of the structure to the ground, an actuating mechanism and a plurality of solar collection elements. The solar tracker has a lower mass than those known in the state of the art, and better bears the forces given that it comprises at least a number of main beams (4, 6) between which are located a plurality of structural modules (7), in which the solar collection elements are accommodated, which are joined rigidly to one another and to a central longitudinal beam (4) and an external longitudinal beam (6) facing same. The solar tracker preferably also comprises an upper support structure that works with traction in order to reduce the deformations in the structure.
The invention relates to mirrors for thermosolar applications, the mirrors preferably comprising: a metal layer (3) which can reflect a range of wavelengths within the solar irradiance spectrum; and a multilayer aperiodic structure (1) adjacent the metal layer (3) and comprising a plurality of layers having different refraction indices and thicknesses, with reflection bands having wavelength ranges in which the adjacent metal layer (3) is absorbent. The mirror structure allows a high level of reflection outside the terrestrial solar spectrum absorption bands and has S.R. or SWIR values which are both stable and constant with respect to the light incidence direction.
C03C 17/36 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
F24S 23/70 - Arrangements for concentrating solar rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
The invention relates to a hybrid solar energy-fossil fuel plant (100a, 100b) which comprises: a solar concentration plant comprising: at least one first closed circuit with a first heat-transfer fluid; a solar energy receiver (20) for heating the first heat-transfer fluid; and at least one thermal energy-storage medium (22) for storing the first heat-transfer fluid; the hybrid plant further comprising: a main supercritical CO2 closed circuit including at least one turbine (10) of which the working fluid is supercritical CO2; and a combustion chamber (16) for the combustion of a fuel, the main supercritical CO2 closed circuit being in thermal communication with the first heat-transfer fluid of the solar concentration plant. The combustion chamber (16) is designed to increase a supercritical CO2 temperature to an operating temperature of the turbine (10) using heat from the combustion of the fuel, without the combustion exhaust gases mixing with the working supercritical CO2.
F02C 1/05 - Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
F03G 6/06 - Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
16.
REFRACTORY SUPPORT LAYER FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE HEAT STORAGE TANKS
The invention relates to a refractory support layer (1) for high-temperature heat storage tanks (2), said layer (1) being formed from concrete, wherein the concrete used is concrete that has a heat conductivity of less than 1.05 W/mK and a compression resistance of more than 15 MPa, the thickness thereof being between 0.2 m and 5 m. The invention further relates to methods for producing said refractory layer (1), and to facilities for storing heat-transfer particulate fluids or solids, comprising said refractory layer (1).
E04B 1/16 - Structures made from masses, e.g. concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, sub-structures to be coated with load-bearing material
E04H 5/02 - Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial purposes, e.g. for power-plants or factories
E02D 27/38 - Foundations for large tanks, e.g. oil tanks
F28D 20/02 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in generalRegenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or using latent heat
17.
STORAGE TANK FOR NON-PRESSURISED HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS
The invention relates to a storage tank for non-pressurised heat transfer fluids, which has an internal layer (2) of insulating concrete having a thermal conductivity below 1.05W/mK. The tank also has an external layer (1) of concrete having a standard compressive strength between 20 and 50MPa. The tank does not require pre-tensioning or post-tensioning reinforcements. Both the external layer (1) and the internal layer (2) can be divided into segments.
The invention relates to a heat storage method and system for a steam generation plant, and to the solar plant comprising said system. The method according to the invention minimises the charging and/or discharging effect in conditions that differ from the nominal conditions by means of a system consisting of three blocks: i) a saturating block based on phase-change materials, ii) an over-heating block that increases the temperature of the steam of the heat-transfer fluid to the desired values, and iii) a pre-heating block that increases the difference in temperature between a cold tank and a hot tank of a heat storage material without phase change.
B.G. NEGEV TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS LTD., AT BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY (Israel)
ABENGOA SOLAR NEW TECHNOLOGIES, S.A. (Spain)
Inventor
Hormadaly, Jacob
Martinez Sanz, Noelia
Bello Fernandez, Azucena
Abstract
A paint composition for producing a solar absorber coating, comprising a silicone resin formulated with: (i) black spinel; (ii) a glass powder; and (iii) at least one auxiliary paint additive.
The invention relates to a thermal storage system which includes a container (1) in which are arranged: a) a set of capsules (3) which form a porous bed and contain a phase-change material having high energy density and consisting of inorganic salts; and b) a matrix (2) which consists of a metal phase-change material having high thermal conductivity and located in the interstices of the capsules (3). The combination of said two phase-change materials provides enhanced effective conductivity and high energy density in the energy storage system. The invention also relates to the method for charging and discharging said system by using a heat-transfer fluid which flows through heat-exchange tubes (4) that pass through the container (1).
The invention relates to a solar thermal plant including a combined supercritical steam generator, comprising: a solar thermal concentrator receiver (3); a circuit for the flow of a first heat transfer fluid FC1 which passes through the solar thermal concentrator receiver (3); a circuit for the flow of a second heat transfer fluid FC2, such that the temperature of FC2 is less than that of FC1; a heat exchanger (4) between the two circuits; a supercritical steam generation system (7), having inlets for FC1, FC2 and a working fluid FT and comprising multiple heat exchangers; and a circuit for the working fluid FT, having at least one turbine (8) that operates with the supercritical steam generated in the supercritical steam generation system (7) and a condenser (9), FC1 and FC2 having different, but overlapping, optimal working temperature ranges.
Mixed heliostat field combining, in the same field, heliostats of different sizes and/or with different types of facets, all of them having at least one facet and being canted or not, and either having spherical, cylindrical, flat or quasi-flat (spherical with a high curvature radius) facets, such that the solar field is optimised in order to minimise shadows and blockages between heliostats, as a result of correct positioning of the heliostats in the field.
Selective solar absorbent coating and manufacturing method, with solar absorption and low emissivity properties. The coating comprises a substrate (1) of metal, dielectric or ceramic material, at least one highly reflective metal layer (2) in mid-far infrared applied to the substrate itself which provides low emissivity properties, a mufti-layer structure of alternating dielectric and metallic layers (3) of subnanometric thickness applied to the reflective metal layer and at least one dielectric layer (4) that acts as an anti-reflective layer for the solar spectrum. The coating is applicable as a selective absorbent coating in absorbent tubes for parabolic-trough solar collectors, in solar panels for hot water, heating or domestic cooling, both in the form of absorbent tubes and absorbent sheets, in capture systems in tower solar thermoelectric power plants, and in capture systems in Stirling disk systems.
C23C 14/00 - Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
C23C 14/06 - Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
C23C 14/16 - Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
C23C 14/18 - Metallic material, boron or silicon on other inorganic substrates
C23C 14/35 - Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
C23C 16/06 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
C23C 28/00 - Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of main groups , or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses and
F24S 70/20 - Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatingsDetails of absorbing elements characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
The invention relates to a solar receiver comprising an assembly of solar receiver units (1), wherein the solar receiver units (1) are arranged adjacent along the edges of the polygonal base (5) of the secondary concentrator (4) such that the surface formed by joining said bases (5) is a domed surface.
The invention relates to an hydraulic actuating system comprising two cylinders and to a method of controlling such an hydraulic actuating system. The invention is based on the connection to tank of the chambers of the cylinders passing through dead zones. This tank connection is brought about by the opening of the braking valves of the cylinder passing through the dead zone and the connecting to tank of the two chambers thereof by means of the electrovalve thereof. In the tank, the pressure is zero and therefore no undesired loads are exerted on the mechanism during passage through the dead zones, thus avoiding the problem of overpressure being generated in the hydraulic actuating system when a piston passes through dead centre.
F24J 2/38 - employing tracking means (F24J 2/02, F24J 2/06 take precedence;rotary supports or mountings therefor F24J 2/54;supporting structures of photovoltaic modules for generation of electric power specially adapted for solar tracking systems H02S 20/32)
26.
HYBRID SYSTEM COMPRISING A THERMOSOLAR PARAMETRIC CYLINDER AND A PHOTOVOLTAIC RECEIVER
The invention relates to a hybrid system comprising a thermosolar parametric cylinder (14) and a photovoltaic receiver (3), said system including a thermal absorber receiver (2) through which a heat-transfer fluid flows, and at least one spectral separation filter (4) located between the photovoltaic receiver (3) and the thermal absorber receiver (2), said filter receiving the light reflected by the primary mirror (1) of the parametric cylinder and allowing the selective separation of the solar spectrum, directing part of the spectrum towards the photovoltaic receiver (3) and the rest towards the thermal absorber receiver (2).
The invention relates to a luminescent solar concentrator comprising a substrate containing an at least semi-transparent organic polymer matrix in turn containing distributed organic fluorescent molecules capable of absorbing solar radiation, at least some of the fluorescent molecules being associated with one another by dipole interactions capable of transferring non-radiative energy from one to another. The organic polymer matrix is a single-layer matrix (3) in which at least three groups of different organic fluorescent molecules (7, 8, 9) are distributed and associated with one another such as to form non-radiative energy transfer cascades by means of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET).
H01L 31/055 - Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
28.
ABSORBENT COATINGS FOR SOLAR CENTRAL RECEIVERS AND METHOD FOR PREPARING SAID COATINGS IN SITU
The invention relates to absorbent coatings for solar central receivers and to a method for preparing said coatings in situ, by using a portable plasma-spraying apparatus in which a first metal anchor layer is deposited, preferably made of Ni20Cr, and a layer of ceramic material or cermet, in conditions which enable highly absorbent coatings to be obtained in the solar range, said coatings having very good mechanical behavior and high durability. The method also requires previous steps of drying the material to be deposited and preparing the surface of the substrate (receiver surface). The present invention also relates to the coatings thus formed.
F24J 2/48 - characterised by the absorber material
C23C 28/00 - Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of main groups , or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses and
29.
CONFIGURATION OF TOWER SOLAR RECEIVERS AND TOWER WITH SAID CONFIGURATION
The invention relates to a configuration of tower solar receivers of the type used in concentrated solar power plants, which have a series of heliostats reflecting solar radiation towards low-temperature (4), medium-temperature (6) and high-temperature (3) receivers, wherein the high-temperature (3) and medium-temperature (6) receivers are located inside the cavities (1) of the tower, while the low-temperature receivers (4) are located on the outer part of the tower, adjacently to the openings of the cavities (1). Said cavities (1) are incorporated within the perimeter of the tower and present different orientations.
The invention relates to a direct steam generation plant and to a method for operating the plant comprising a series of components and steps during operation for improving the service life of the different elements of the plant. The components centre on the evaporation zone of the solar field. The steps during different start-up types help to extend the service life of the elements of the plant. The steps are performed during the pre-heating phase of the plant.
F03G 6/00 - Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
F03G 6/06 - Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
F24J 2/00 - Use of solar heat, e.g. solar heat collectors (distillation or evaporation of water using solar energy C02F 1/14;roof covering aspects of energy collecting devices E04D 13/18;devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy F03G 6/00;semiconductor devices specially adapted for converting solar energy into electrical energy H01L 31/00;photovoltaic [PV] cells including means directly associated with the PV cell to utilise heat energy H01L 31/525;PV modules including means associated with the PV module to utilise heat energy H02S 40/44)
F24J 2/04 - Solar heat collectors having working fluid conveyed through collector
F24J 2/06 - having concentrating elements (optical elements or systems per seG02B)
F24J 2/14 - semi-cylindrical or cylindro-parabolic
F01K 7/00 - Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of enginePlants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processesControl means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processesUse of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
31.
SOLAR CONCENTRATION DEVICE, PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL AND GREENHOUSE COMPRISING SAME
The invention relates to a solar concentration device characterised by comprising: a transparent or semi-transparent substrate (4); a phototonic crystal coating (2); at least one photovoltaic cell (1A, …1D) disposed on the substrate (4), the active surface of which at least one photovoltaic cell is disposed parallel to the substrate (4); and a layer of luminescent material (3) disposed in contact with the phototonic crystal coating (2), wherein either the phototonic crystal coating (2) is disposed on the substrate (4) and the layer of luminescent material (3) is disposed on the phototonic crystal coating (2), or the layer of luminescent material (3) is disposed on the substrate (4) and the phototonic crystal coating (2) is disposed on the layer of luminescent material (3).
The invention relates to a mechanism for a solar tracker, which generates an azimuthal rotation and a lifting rotation from two linear movements in a horizontal plane. The mechanism has a central bar connected to two actuators and to a mobile azimuthal rotation system. Two linear movements are converted into two angular movements: an angular movement about a lifting axis and another angular movement about an azimuthal axis.
The invention relates to the composition of a self-compacting concrete with high compressive strength. Said concrete reaches compressive strength levels of higher than 100 MPa after 28 days, maintaining its self-compacting property. The invention also relates to the method for producing the high-strength self-compacting concrete and to the use of same as structural concrete for structures such as pre-stressed and post-stressed structures, bridges, tunnels, foundations, buildings, nuclear reactors, accumulators, and storage facilities and tanks.
C04B 28/02 - Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
C04B 14/00 - Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stoneTreatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
The invention relates to a refractory concrete composition with low thermal conductivity and increased resistance, to the method for the production thereof, and to the use of same as a structural concrete coating for elements subjected to high temperatures which are simultaneously required to bear structural compression forces, such as nuclear reactors, storage facilities and tanks, foundations and furnaces.
C04B 28/02 - Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
35.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING A HYDROGEN-DETECTION SENSOR, AND RESULTING SENSOR
The invention relates to a method for producing a visual hydrogen sensor and to a sensor produced in this manner, said sensor allowing the presence of hydrogen gas in a medium to be detected by the naked eye as a result of a change of colour in the sensor. The method involves the deposition of thin porous layers of oxides that do not absorb visible light in their completely oxidised state and which become coloured when they are partially reduced. The deposition step is carried out using vapour phase deposition (VPD) in a glancing angle configuration (GLAD). The method also involves: the preparation of a solution of an active metal precursor, capable of dissociating the hydrogen molecule, and a carrier vector; and the deposition of said solution on the oxide layer in order to incorporate a minimum quantity of active metal within the pores of the oxide layer in the form of nanoparticles.
G01N 21/78 - Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
The invention relates to a method for preparing a dielectric barrier layer of silicon oxide (SiOx) on a substrate. Once the substrate is cleaned, the method involves depositing a layer of SiOx using the PECVD technique and depositing another layer of SiOx using the sol-gel method. The coating composition (sol) used in the sol-gel stage is prepared using the following components: between 30 and 50 wt.% MTES; between 7 and 12 wt.% TEOS; between 11 and 19 wt.% N,N-DMS; between 19 and 31 wt.% PEG; between 7 and 12 wt.% distilled water; and between 0.6 and 0.9 wt.% orthophosphoric acid. Once prepared, the coating composition is deposited and densified to form the corresponding oxide layer.
H01L 31/18 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
H01L 31/0392 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates
C23C 16/505 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges using radio frequency discharges
C23C 18/12 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
H01L 31/18 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
C23C 16/455 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into the reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in the reaction chamber
C23C 16/46 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for heating the substrate
C23C 16/44 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
C23C 16/30 - Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
C23C 14/22 - Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
C23C 14/06 - Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
H01L 21/02 - Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
H01L 31/032 - Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups
38.
SPECTROPHOTOMETER FOR THE CHARACTERISATION OF RECEIVERS OF SOLAR COLLECTORS
The invention relates to a spectrophotometer for the characterisation of receivers (1, 2) of solar collectors in order to determine optical properties (transmittance and reflectance). The equipment allows the evaluation of a receiver tube in real time and in any kind of light conditions, both inside and outside. The equipment also allows the detection of the eccentricity between the outer tube and the inner tube, which directly influences the reliability of the measurement. The equipment has a mechanical system for allowing a rotation of the equipment around the tube in order to find the optimum measurement position and to attach itself to the tube.
F24S 23/74 - Arrangements for concentrating solar rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
G01N 21/27 - ColourSpectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection
39.
METHOD FOR PREPARING CONDUCTIVE AND TRANSPARENT LAYERS OF ALUMINIUM-DOPED ZINC OXIDE
The invention relates to a method for preparing conductive and transparent layers of aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) by means of electrodeposition, where the electrolyte comprises at least an ionic liquid, a source of oxygen, a source of aluminium and a source of zinc, the concentration of zinc in the electrolyte remaining between 5x10-5 M and 0.5 M during the process, the concentration of aluminium in the electrolyte being between 1x10-3 % and 10 % in an atomic proportion in relation to the concentration of zinc. The process is carried out at a temperature of between 0° and 250°C. The layers obtained can be used in photovoltaic technology as transparent and conductive oxide layers that form the front contact of a photovoltaic cell.
The invention relates to a suitable control method for a system of photovoltaic concentration modules, which can be used to maintain the correct orientation of the modules in order to track the sun without requiring the use of positioning sensors. The sun is tracked by performing angular movements in relation to each of the degrees of freedom at given intervals, measuring the power or current supplied by the energy collection module(s). The estimation of the sun's position and the strategy for subsequent movements are determined as a function of the reading.
F24J 2/38 - employing tracking means (F24J 2/02, F24J 2/06 take precedence;rotary supports or mountings therefor F24J 2/54;supporting structures of photovoltaic modules for generation of electric power specially adapted for solar tracking systems H02S 20/32)
G01S 3/786 - Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system the desired condition being maintained automatically
H01L 31/02 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof - Details
H01L 31/042 - PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
H01L 31/052 - Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
F24J 2/10 - having reflectors as concentrating elements
The invention relates to a solar receiver with gaseous heat-transfer fluid, of the type that is arranged in a cavity of a solar tower. The receiver is formed from at least two connected panels, where each panel comprises at least two passages, a passage being an assembly of tubes wherein the gas circulates in the same direction, and where, inside the first panel, the number of tubes of each passage is reduced by between 5 and 10% compared to the previous passage, and where the following panel, connected in series with the first panel, starts with a first passage which contains the same number of tubes as the last passage of the first panel but where the diameter of the tubes is between 5 and 10% less compared to the tubes of the last passage of the first panel. In the subsequent passages, the diameter of the tube is maintained constant along the panel, and the number of tubes of each passage is reduced by between 5 and 10% compared to the previous passage in said panel.
The invention relates to a method for obtaining solid samples or suspensions of graphene optionally doped with heteroatoms from synthetic or natural polymers, which are subjected to pyrolysis in a furnace without oxygen at temperatures of between 400 and 1200 °C and subsequently to liquid-phase exfoliation step. The polymers used are preferably polysaccharides, such as chitosan, alginate and alginic acid, which can be optionally doped with any heteroatom. The invention is intended primarily for use in microelectronics and photovoltaic devices in which graphene sheets are very useful. In addition, the graphene prepared can be used as an additive for polymers and ceramic materials.
The invention relates to a method for edge isolation in solar cells and for the third step of a process of monolithic integration (P3) of a thin-film solar cell by means of the application of a picosecond-pulsed infrared laser via the active face of the cell, thereby eliminating the layers of n-type and p-type semiconductor material and the layer of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) that form part of the solar cell, leaving the rear contact of the solar cell open to the air, without damaging the barrier layer and/or substrate.
The invention relates to a solar energy collection structure comprising deflectors, of the type formed by a platform (1) on which a reflective or collection surface (10) is disposed, comprising photovoltaic modules, panels or mirrors, and optionally including a pedestal (2). In addition, the structure can be mobile (solar tracker) or static. In order to reduce the wind load on the structure, at least one deflector (3) is provided, consisting of one or more curved elements which are positioned to cover at least one side of the platform (1) and secured to the platform (1), such that the curvature of the deflector (3) fully surrounds the edge of the platform or the reflective or collection surface.
The invention relates to a device for connection between adjacent solar receiver tubes, of the type arranged on the end of the solar receiver tube (1) to be connected to another adjacent solar collector tube, comprising: a compensating expansion element with at least two concentric bellows (7, 8) that are connected to each other, and to a rigid ring (9), by means of a welded joint, the rigid ring keeping the bellows concentric during the process of expansion and compression and joined to the glass tube (4) by means of the cover (12) and glass-metal transition element (21); a connection flange (5) for connecting said solar receiver tube (1) to the one adjacent thereto, the flange (5) being a round metal plate with a hole that surrounds the absorber tube (3); and through-bolts (20) that pass through the connection flange (5) in order to connect it to the flange of the adjacent receiver tube (1).
The invention relates to a sol-gel method for producing an anti-reflective coating from alcoxide-type precursors, that can subsequently be applied to glass or plastic substrates by spraying. The invention also relates to optical and thermoelectrical devices that have been coated with said anti-reflective material. This coating increases the transmittance of the transparent substrates over which it is applied, as a result of which it is useful to apply over high concentration solar modules (HCPV), for both primary lenses and secondary lenses, in conventional silicon or in CSP tubes.
Method for assembling a high-concentration photovoltaic solar module and module for achieving simple final assembly on the basis of a set of elements that arrive from the factory in the form of an optimum package for facilitating logistics, there being three main assembly sequences: Sequence 1: assembly of the optoelectronic system; Sequence 2: assembly of the optoelectronic system on the base of the module, interconnection and testing; Sequence 3: final assembly of the module. The module thus assembled has: - identical optoelectronic systems placed in a matrix configuration and each formed by secondary optics (1), a photovoltaic receiver (2), a thermal adhesive (3), a dissipator (4) and a component for securing the secondary optics composed of a body and a washer, the structure of the module and the upper lens (9).
H01L 31/052 - Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
48.
HYBRID PLANT WITH A COMBINED SOLAR-GAS CYCLE, AND OPERATING METHOD
The invention relates to a hybrid plant with a combined solar-gas cycle, and an operating method with two circuits, one air circuit and one steam circuit, the air circuit having a gas turbine with a cooling exchanger with a natural gas supply, and the steam circuit having a steam turbine and storage systems. The steam circuit can have a steam or salt solar receiver. Said plant allows work to be performed in a more reliable manner by reducing the working temperature of the air in the receiver.
F01K 23/02 - Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
F02C 6/04 - Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
F02C 6/14 - Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
F02C 7/08 - Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
F02C 7/143 - Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant of working fluid before or between the compressor stages
F03G 6/00 - Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
49.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE CORRECTION OF TRACKING ERRORS OF SOLAR TRACKING PLATFORMS, CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT ADAPTED TO PERFORM SAID METHOD AND SOLAR TRACKER COMPRISING SAID CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
The invention relates to a method for determining corrections for platforms of solar trackers, which can be used to compensate mainly for azimuth deviation and the inclination of the tracker. Depending on the embodiment of the invention, it may also be possible to perform an additional elevation correction. In multiple different embodiments, the invention includes a central processing unit that acts on driving means, providing commands that take account of the corrections calculated to generate set values appropriate for the driving means, thereby obtaining the correct orientation for the platform.
F24J 2/38 - employing tracking means (F24J 2/02, F24J 2/06 take precedence;rotary supports or mountings therefor F24J 2/54;supporting structures of photovoltaic modules for generation of electric power specially adapted for solar tracking systems H02S 20/32)
G01S 3/786 - Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system the desired condition being maintained automatically
50.
EVAPORATION SOURCE FOR TRANSPORTING CHEMICAL PRECURSORS, AND EVAPORATION METHOD FOR TRANSPORTING CHEMICAL PRECURSORS USING SAID SOURCE
The invention relates to an evaporation source for transporting chemical precursors to a substrate on which they are deposited by means of condensation, said source being formed by: a main tube (1) containing the precursors, and heating means (8). The upper part of the main tube (1) is provided with an inlet (5) and an outlet (6) for carrier gases, positioned opposite one another in the side surface (7) of the main tube (1) and aligned along a common line that extends transversely through the side surface (7) of the main tube (1). The invention also relates to an evaporation method for transporting chemical precursors, in which the carrier gases are introduced to and extracted from the main tubes (1) in an aligned manner and transversely to the side surface (7) of the tube.
C23C 14/22 - Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
C23C 14/26 - Vacuum evaporation by resistance or inductive heating of the source
51.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING A DIELECTRIC AND/OR BARRIER LAYER OR MULTILAYER ON A SUBSTRATE, AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID METHOD
The invention relates to a method for producing dielectric and/or barrier layers on a substrate, characterised in that it comprises the following steps: (a) cleaning substrates, (b) placing the substrate in a sample carrier and introducing same into a vacuum chamber, (c) dosing an inert gas and a reactive gas into said vacuum chamber, (d) injecting, into said vacuum chamber, a volatile precursor that has at least one cation of the compound to be deposited, (e) activating a radiofrequency source and activating at least one magnetron, (f) decomposition of the volatile precursor by plasma, producing the reaction between the cation of the volatile precursor and the reactive gas at the same time as the reaction is produced between the reactive gas contained in the plasma with the cation generated from the target by cathode sputtering, thereby generating the deposition of the film on the substrate. The invention also relates to the device for carrying out said method.
C23C 16/509 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges using radio frequency discharges using internal electrodes
52.
PORTABLE MIXING PLATFORM FOR PRODUCING A HEAT-TRANSFER FLUID AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME
The invention relates to a portable mixing platform for producing a heat-transfer fluid on site and on an industrial scale, said fluid consisting of a eutectic mixture of diphenyl (DP) and diphenyl oxide (DPO). The platform includes a device that stores DPO in a liquid state, a device for supplying DP in a solid state, a mixing device in which both components are mixed in a liquid state and in the right amount for forming a eutectic mixture, and a device for inerting and treating gases which maintains the DPO and mixing devices under an inert atmosphere, as well as drawing the gases vented from both devices in order to pass said gases through an activated-carbon filter prior to expelling same into the atmosphere. The present invention also relates to the method for producing the eutectic mixture of DP and DPO using the described portable mixing platform.
B01F 3/12 - Mixing, e.g. dispersing, emulsifying, according to the phases to be mixed liquids with solids
C09K 5/00 - Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerantsMaterials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
53.
METHOD FOR CREATING ELECTRICAL CONTACTS AND CONTACTS CREATED IN THIS WAY
The invention relates to a method for creating electrical contacts in optoelectronic and electronic devices, including high-concentration and low-concentration solar cells, thin films, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and, in general, any device wherefrom or whereinto current is required to be respectively extracted or injected by means of electrical contacts. The method comprises two steps: (a) depositing the contact material on the final substrate by means of laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) of said material from a donor substrate to the final substrate, preferably using pulsed laser methods, and (b) sintering the contact material by means of a laser source, preferably a continuous laser. The contacts created in this way have excellent conductivity and adherence properties, in addition to high ratios between the height (thickness) and width thereof.
The invention relates to a heat storage system and to the method for charging and discharging same by means of a heat-transfer fluid. The system includes a phase-change storage material contained in a casing through which preferably vertical heat-exchange tubes pass, the lower end of said tubes connecting to at least one lower collector (62) by means of lower sub-collectors (62') including a series of injectors (9) for allowing heat-transfer fluid to be introduced in a gaseous state, and the upper end of said tubes (3) connecting to at least one upper collector (61) by means of upper sub-collectors (61'), said upper collector being, in turn, connected to a cylinder (1) from which downpipes (8) extend, through which the heat-transfer fluid circulates in a liquid state, said pipes being arranged outside of the casing and connecting said cylinder (1) to the lower collector (62), allowing a natural circulation of the heat-transfer fluid inside the system.
F28D 20/02 - Heat storage plants or apparatus in generalRegenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups or using latent heat
F28D 15/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat-pipes
F28D 17/02 - Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles using rigid bodies, e.g. of porous material
F28D 17/04 - Distributing arrangements for the heat-exchange media
55.
STRUCTURE FOR A DISH-TYPE POINT-BASED SOLAR CONCENTRATION SYSTEM, AND CONCENTRATION SYSTEM INCLUDING SAID STRUCTURE
The invention relates to a structure for a dish-type point-based concentration system and to a concentration system including said structure, comprising: a sub-structure (10) for anchoring to the ground; a tracking sub-structure (20) mounted on the anchoring sub-structure (10) such that it can rotate about an azimuth axis; a driving sub-structure (30) comprising two coaxial hoops (31) formed by a plurality of assembled stamped segments (33), said hoops (31) being joined by tie rods (32) and the driving sub-structure (30) being capable of zenith rotation in relation to the tracking substructure (20); a supporting sub-structure (50) in the form of a cradle, intended to support a reflective surface (70); and a modular connection sub-structure (40) which is made from stamped elements and secured inside the driving sub-structure (30) and on which the supporting sub-structure (50) is mounted. The aforementioned structure is lighter and easier to assemble.
Tank for the thermal storage of a pressurized fluid and method for the construction thereof, the fluid being a gas or liquid at high pressures and temperatures, which comprises an external layer (1) of high-strength post-tensioned concrete, and an intermediate layer (2) of post-tensioned refractory concrete that acts as a thermal barrier between the fluid/gas and the post-tensioned concrete (1), and in which the concrete is post-tensioned using a system of steel tendons (6) with anchoring heads (7), the tendons having one or more post-tensioning cables (12) anchored at the ends thereof to the concrete and tensioned by hydraulic means, and by anchoring plates (14), sheaths (10), trumpets (13) and wedges. The vapour storage tank may have an intermediate layer composed of a metal layer (11) that prevents permeability of the fluid through the concrete layers.
The invention relates to a method for operating a thermoelectric solar plant, that allows the operation of high-pressure, medium-pressure and low-pressure superheated steam turbines with both overheated steam and saturated vapor. The plant stores energy in high-pressure steam tanks. Said method allows saturated steam to be introduced directly into a superheated steam turbine. This steam receives an intermediate reheating between the high-pressure turbine and the medium-pressure and low-pressure turbines in order to attain superheated steam conditions. The operating mode according to the invention allows the operation of the plant in periods without sun (during transients, such as the passage of clouds, or in night periods) or during the discharging of accumulators (high-pressure saturated steam tanks).
F01K 1/04 - Steam accumulators for storing steam in a liquid, e.g. Ruth type
F01K 1/08 - Charging or discharging of accumulators with steam
F01K 1/12 - Multiple accumulatorsCharging, discharging or control specially adapted therefor
F01K 3/14 - Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having both steam accumulator and heater, e.g. superheating accumulator
F01K 13/00 - General layout or general methods of operation, of complete steam engine plants
F03G 6/00 - Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
F03G 6/06 - Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
58.
Hydraulic oil-driven structural support rotating mechanism
The invention relates to a hydraulic oil-driven structural support rotating mechanism comprising at least two hydraulic cylinders for driving the rotational movement of the structural support with respect to at least one axis, selected from vertical, horizontal or a combination of both, and a hollow core, comprising at least one opening on its side surface for the passage of a first and a second pivotable hydraulic cylinder, fixed to the core by means of two parallel vertical shafts, the ends of each hydraulic oil cylinder being fixed by attachment means to a rotating mechanical element selected from a slew ring or bearing, located inside the hollow core to which it is fixed by rotating mechanical element-core attachment means, and attached to the structural support by structural support-rotating mechanical element attachment means.
F16H 21/44 - Gearings comprising primarily only links or levers, with or without slides all movement being in, or parallel to, a single plane for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
F16B 15/06 - NailsStaples with barbs, e.g. for metal partsDrive screws
F24J 2/38 - employing tracking means (F24J 2/02, F24J 2/06 take precedence;rotary supports or mountings therefor F24J 2/54;supporting structures of photovoltaic modules for generation of electric power specially adapted for solar tracking systems H02S 20/32)
59.
FORMULATION OF INKS CONTAINING CERAMIC NANOPARTICLES
The invention relates to formulations comprising aluminum nitride nanoparticles, at least one dispersant and at least one aqueous solvent. The invention also relates to the method for producing said formulations and to the use thereof for producing a levelling barrier layer.
C01B 21/072 - Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron with aluminium
B82B 3/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
H01L 31/042 - PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
The invention relates to a mixed heliostat field, combining, in the same field, heliostats of different sizes and/or with different types of facets, all of them having at least one facet and being canted or not, and either having spherical, cylindrical, flat or quasi-flat (spherical with a high curvature radius) facets, such that the solar field is optimised in order to minimise shadows and blockages between heliostats, as a result of correct positioning of the heliostats in the field.
The invention relates to a solar tracker including an azimuth rotation mechanism disposed at the upper end of the pedestal (1), said mechanism comprising: a fixed base (10); a hollow cover (3) supporting the bearing structure, disposed on the fixed base (10); a rotary mechanical element (17) disposed between the cover (3) and the fixed base (10); and two hydraulic cylinders (6, 6') disposed at different heights in relation to the vertical axis of the cover (3) and secured at one end to the cover (3) and secured at the other end by a single fixed shaft (7) secured to the fixed base (10) such that, when the pistons of the cylinders (6, 6') are actuated, they drive the rotation of the cover (3) to which the cylinders (6, 6') are secured, rotating the cylinders (6, 6') in relation to a single shaft (7) which is secured to the base (10).
the total power generated by the hybrid plant and discharged into the network (47), being the result of the sum of generation of the three levels.
The photovoltaic modules of the invention are located in: in the north or south side of the tower not occupied by the cavity; the area surrounding the solar receivers of the tower; on covers or roofs of the plant at the rear of the heliostats; on land annexed to the tower plant.
F03G 6/00 - Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
F01K 13/00 - General layout or general methods of operation, of complete steam engine plants
F03G 6/06 - Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
F24J 2/38 - employing tracking means (F24J 2/02, F24J 2/06 take precedence;rotary supports or mountings therefor F24J 2/54;supporting structures of photovoltaic modules for generation of electric power specially adapted for solar tracking systems H02S 20/32)
H01L 31/054 - Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
H02S 40/44 - Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
F24J 2/10 - having reflectors as concentrating elements
F24J 2/00 - Use of solar heat, e.g. solar heat collectors (distillation or evaporation of water using solar energy C02F 1/14;roof covering aspects of energy collecting devices E04D 13/18;devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy F03G 6/00;semiconductor devices specially adapted for converting solar energy into electrical energy H01L 31/00;photovoltaic [PV] cells including means directly associated with the PV cell to utilise heat energy H01L 31/525;PV modules including means associated with the PV module to utilise heat energy H02S 40/44)
63.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR FORMING SOLAR CELLS WITH CuInSe2 AND Cu(In,Ga)Se2 FILMS
Systems and methods for forming solar cells with CuInSe2 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films are provided. In one embodiment, a method comprises: during a first stage (220), performing a mass transport through vapor transport of an indium chloride (InClx) vapor (143, 223) and Se vapor (121, 225) to deposit a semiconductor film (212, 232, 252) upon a substrate (114, 210, 230, 250); heating the substrate(114, 210, 230, 250) and the semiconductor film to a desired temperature (112); during a second stage (240) following the first stage (220), performing a mass transport through vapor transport of a copper chloride (CuClx) vapor (143, 243) and Se vapor (121, 245) to the semiconductor film (212, 232, 252); and during a third stage (260) following the second stage (240), performing a mass transport through vapor transport of an indium chloride (InClx) vapor (143, 263) and Se vapor (121, 265) to the semiconductor film (212, 232, 252).
The invention relates to solar receiver panels for a thermal solar power plant tower (4) which comprises: a front panel (8) the external surface of which receives solar radiation (2) from the field of heliostats (3), a back panel (9), sealing elements (10) between the panels (8, 9), arranged at the lateral ends of both, an intake collector (5), located in the upper part of the panels (8, 9), where the heat transfer fluid enters the receiver (1) and an evacuation collector (6), located in the lower part of the panels (8, 9), where the heat transfer fluid leaves the receiver (1); wherein the front panel (8), back panel (9) and the two sealing elements (10) form the receiver body (16) which constitutes a channel of passage of the heat transfer fluid (7). Each solar tower can contain one or several panel receivers (1) and be arranged in series or in parallel, circulating the same or different fluid (7) therethrough.
The present invention describes a method for the preparation of films of graphene or of a graphene material by means of biopolymer carbonization. The method comprises the following steps: - preparation of an aqueous solution of a non-crystallizable biopolymer or a derivative of said biopolymer at a suitable pH; - coating the substrate with the aqueous biopolymer solution prepared in the preceding step by means of immersion of the substrate in said solution, or by using the spin-coating technique; - conditioning the aqueous biopolymer solution by means of a hydrothermal process consisting in subjecting the coated surface to a flow of nitrogen or argon saturated with water vapour at a temperature of between 100 and 250°C for a period of time of between 30 min and a number of hours; - and thermal decomposition of the biopolymer deposited on the substrate in the absence of oxygen at temperatures below 1200°C. The preferred biopolymers in the present invention include polysaccharides, such as alginate, chitosan, starch and carraghenates, and derivatives thereof. Owing to the properties of the graphene, the substrates coated by means of this process can be used in the microelectronic and photovoltaic industries as components for solar cells, etc.
Molten salt solar receiver and procedure to reduce the temperature gradient in said receiver. The receiver consists of at least one panel of semi cylindrical geometry, formed by a combination of vertical pipes. The receiver (10) is supplied with a heat transfer fluid made up of molten salts which originate from a recirculation system which is composed of a mixture deposit (6), a hot salt storage tank (9) and a cold salt storage tank (8); the mixture tank (6) which is supplied by a part of the hot heat transfer fluid (4) which exits the receiver (10) and the cold heat transfer fluid (5) which exits the cold salt storage tank (8); the hot salt storage tank is connected to the exit of the receiver (10) so that a part of the heat transfer fluid which does not recirculate is stored (3).
The invention relates to a support for facets, by means of which the facet (10) remains secured to the structure of a heliostat (20), said support comprising a connector plate (8), a threaded bolt (4), a stationary coupling between the connector plate (8) and the facet (10), and a mobile coupling between the connector plate (8) and the threaded bolt (4). The mobile coupling allows the facet to be mounted and removed without it having to be reoriented, as well as allowing the facet to be oriented without it having to be mounted in position.
The invention is intended for the accurate, low-cost measurement of a power loss at a solar plant (17) caused by dirt. The device comprises: a first photovoltaic cell (1) for transforming solar energy into a first current (8); cleaning means (4) for cleaning the first cell (1); a second photovoltaic cell (2) for transforming solar energy into a second current (9); a first voltmeter (10) and a second voltmeter (11) for measuring the intensity of the first voltage (8) and the second voltage (9); and a control module (12) for comparing the measurements of the voltmeters (10, 11) and determining the power drop.
Method for the automated inspection of photovoltaic solar collectors installed in plants, in which image processing means are used to analyse assemblies of collectors (1). After a first processing operation, the captured images are segmented in order to obtain, in a differentiated manner, the panels (2) which form said collectors (1). The images of the panels (2) are then analysed using image processing means which may include geometrical transformations and analysis of the texture thereof. The panels (2) can then be broken down into a main body (3), formed by an array of photovoltaic cells (4) arranged on the backsheet (5), and periphery of the panel (6), which may be analysed by image processing means in search of defects, identifying the type, number and severity of each of said detected defects on the basis of the irregularities observed.
G01N 21/88 - Investigating the presence of flaws, defects or contamination
H01L 31/042 - PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
G01N 21/35 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
70.
SUITABLE CONTROL METHOD FOR A SYSTEM OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CONCENTRATION MODULES
The invention relates to a suitable control method for a system of photovoltaic concentration modules, which can be used to maintain the correct orientation of the modules in order to track the sun without requiring the use of positioning sensors. The sun is tracked by performing angular movements in relation to each of the degrees of freedom at given intervals, measuring the power or current supplied by the energy collection module(s). The estimation of the sun's position and the strategy for subsequent movements are determined as a function of the reading.
G05F 1/67 - Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
F24J 2/38 - employing tracking means (F24J 2/02, F24J 2/06 take precedence;rotary supports or mountings therefor F24J 2/54;supporting structures of photovoltaic modules for generation of electric power specially adapted for solar tracking systems H02S 20/32)
G01S 3/786 - Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system the desired condition being maintained automatically
71.
Solar tracker having oleo-hydraulic cylinders and method for operating same
The invention relates to a solar tracker having oleo-hydraulic cylinders that increase the rigidity of the system by keeping the two chambers of each cylinder pressurized, even while on stand-by. This makes the system more accurate, avoiding undesirable cylinder movement caused by oil compression. The system includes a circuit having at least one cylinder assembly (8,9), an oleo-hydraulic plant and a control system (5), wherein the oleo-hydraulic plant supplies the oil to the cylinders controlling the speed of movement of these latter, and the control system (5) supervises and controls the correct operation of the entire system and protects said system against possible accidents.
The invention relates to a configuration of the receivers in concentrated solar plants with towers comprising at least one medium-temperature receiver (3) and one high-temperature receiver (4) in which each high-temperature receiver (4) is located above and slightly in front of each medium-temperature receiver (3), such that a portion of the rays that bounce off the medium-temperature receiver (3) heats the rear portion of the high-temperature receiver (4) and in which the high-temperature receiver (4) is positioned such that the majority of the surface thereof is opposite the wall of the cavity (2), only the bottom portion of the receiver (4) remaining free.
The present invention relates to a plan and a process for regenerating degraded heat transfer oil. The plant includes a distillation column for separating heavy components. The distillation column has an upper part and a lower part, the upper part having: a first inlet for receiving degraded oil, and a head having a first outlet for expelling light component vapor. The plant also includes a rectifier, for receiving the vapor, and having: an upper part having a second outlet for expelling light components; and a lower part having a third outlet for expelling regenerated oil. The distillation column further includes a fourth outlet for letting heavy components out in the lower part of the distillation column, a pressure transmitter at the first inlet, a pressure and temperature transmitter at the first outlet, temperature transmitters inside the distillation column, level switches, an automatic valve at the fourth outlet, and an electric resistance for maintaining the oil in a liquid state.
Working method for a system for partial mirroring of glass tubes (200) and said system formed by an installation for the supply of tubes (200), a chain where mirroring takes place at different set locations, and an installation for the discharge of tubes (200), in which the main steps for partial mirroring are: cleaning the glass tube (200), sensitizing the surface, washing, optional step of activation or supersensitization, washing, silvering, washing, drying. In the event of partial external mirroring, the following steps are added: depositing a layer of copper, washing, depositing anti-corrosion paint; depositing paint for mechanical and UV protection, curing the paint, drying the outside of the tube.
C03C 17/10 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals by deposition from the liquid phase
B65G 49/02 - Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for for conveying workpieces through baths of liquid
B65G 49/05 - Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for for fragile or damageable materials or articles
C03C 17/32 - Surface treatment of glass, e.g. of devitrified glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
B65G 17/14 - Conveyors having an endless traction element, e.g. a chain, transmitting movement to a continuous or substantially-continuous load-carrying surface or to a series of individual load-carriersEndless-chain conveyors in which the chains form the load-carrying surface comprising a series of individual load-carriers fixed, or normally fixed, relative to traction element with two spaced connections to traction element
75.
Portable spectrophotometer and method for characterising solar collector tubes
Portable spectrophotometer and method for characterizing solar collector tubes for simultaneously and on-field characterizing reflection and transmission coefficients. This device includes all the components needed to take this measurement, such as a module that takes the measurement of the reflection coefficient (R) of the inner tube (1′), a module that takes the measurement of transmission coefficient (T) of the outer tube (1″), an electronic data acquisition and processing system (12), an external computer (13) for controlling the device and sending the measured data (17) and a communication system (15) between device and the computer (13).
The invention relates to a device for transforming concentrated solar energy, comprising a photovoltaic cell (30) and a laser device (20) that has a first reflective mirror (5) suitable for the input of solar radiation (8) and a second reflective mirror (6) suitable for the output of a laser beam (10), the first reflective mirror (5) being reflective in the input wavelength of the laser beam (10) and transparent to the entire solar spectrum, and the second reflective mirror (6) being partially reflective in the output wavelength of the laser beam (10), reflective in the interval of the absorbed solar spectrum, and transparent in the wavelengths separate from the above-mentioned wavelengths and from the output wavelength of the laser beam (10). Said device comprises a core (1) doped with substances for the full or partial absorption of the solar spectrum, and two coatings (2, 3).
The invention relates to a solar receiver having a higher yield than a central tower receiver. Said receiver comprises a plurality of absorbent tubes (2) for absorbing incident energy from light guides (8) suitable for capturing solar radiation in solar collector concentration focal points (11), the absorbent tubes (2) being arranged consecutively and in parallel, adjacently in relation to a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the absorbent tubes (2), said tubes containing a circulating heat-transfer fluid. The longitudinal axes are contained in at least two planes, defining at least two lines (3, 6) of absorbent tubes (2) arranged in an alternating manner, and partially superimposed. Said receiver also comprises containers (4, 5) subjected to a vacuum in order to enclose the absorbent tubes (2) and reduce the losses by convection.
F24S 10/40 - Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar heat collectors
F24S 10/70 - Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
F24S 20/20 - Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
F24S 23/00 - Arrangements for concentrating solar rays for solar heat collectors
F24S 23/70 - Arrangements for concentrating solar rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
The invention enables the transformation of solar energy using the majority of the solar spectrum with a very efficient yield. The invention comprises at least one solar collector (11) that comprises a focal point and is suitable for collecting solar radiation and concentrating it in the focal point; a solar laser device (10) for transforming the radiation received from the focal points into laser radiation; and a receiver (1) and/or a solar reactor (21) suitable for receiving the radiation from the laser device (10) and transforming it into another type of energy. The invention can comprise flexible light guides (8) or flat mirrors (26) for transporting the radiation received from the laser device to the solar reactor (21) and/or the receiver (1). It can also comprise photovoltaic cells (18) inserted between the collectors and the laser devices for transforming the concentrated radiation of the focal points into electricity and letting through the radiation that they do not transform to the laser devices.
Novel glass compositions and method for producing a glass/metal join, in which the novel glass comprises:
depending on the necessary requirements, owing to the significance thereof the thermal expansion coefficient, such that this thermal expansion coefficient is adjusted to match that of the metal part or alloy with which the glass/metal weld is to be achieved, which makes it possible to satisfactorily produce said weld which results in a strong glass/metal join, that is free from tensile stresses and that is durable over time and may be used, inter alia, to obtain parts that form part of solar collectors.
C03C 3/091 - Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica by weight containing boron containing aluminium
C03C 8/24 - Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions, i.e. for use as seals between dissimilar materials, e.g. glass and metalGlass solders
C03C 27/02 - Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic materialJoining glass to glass other than by fusing by fusing glass directly to metal
C03C 27/04 - Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer
The invention relates to a system for the quick coupling of shaped plates (1, 2, 3) of the type used in the construction of a torsion box of a solar power facility that harnesses heat. Each shaped plate includes flanges (4, 5) along the longitudinal edges thereof, both of which are provided with perforations. One of the aforementioned flanges (5) includes elastic tabs (8) formed at pre-determined positions along the length thereof, with a thickened portion (9) being provided next to the end of the inner surface thereof, while the other flange (4) includes pairs of through-holes (6, 7) aligned with and facing the elastic tabs (8), such that a tab can be passed through one of the holes and the thickened portion (9) can be inserted into the other opening when the shaped plates are coupled.
F16L 9/17 - Rigid pipes obtained by bending a sheet longitudinally and connecting the edges
B21D 39/02 - Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by platingTube expanders of sheet metal by folding, e.g. connecting edges of a sheet to form a cylinder
B21D 37/06 - Pivotally-arranged tools, e.g. disengageable
81.
Method for producing a solar power receiving tube and resulting tube
The invention relates to a photovoltaic solar concentration module formed by: a casing (1); interconnected photovoltaic receivers (2) aligned in rows inside the casing; a panel of concentrating lenses (18) on the upper portion of the casing (1), such as to seal the casing; and a secondary optical element (19) on the photovoltaic cell (5) of each photovoltaic receiver (2). The module includes a system for electrically insulating the photovoltaic receivers (2), formed by plastic parts (8) each housing at least one photovoltaic receiver (2) in a housing (9). In addition, a heating pad (12) is provided in the housing (9), below the photovoltaic receiver (2), which electrically insulates said receiver and transmits heat therefrom.
H01L 31/052 - Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
H01L 31/042 - PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
H01L 31/02 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof - Details
83.
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR LAYING THE FOUNDATIONS OF A SOLAR COLLECTOR SUPPORTING STRUCTURE IN THE GROUND
The invention enables the foundations of a solar collector supporting structure to be laid in the ground (1) rapidly, precisely, and in a simple, clean and cost-effective manner. Said device comprises: at least one post (3) having a first end (4) to be inserted into the ground (1) and a second end (5) that protrudes from the ground (1); and means for connecting the post (3) to the structure (2), comprising a bolt (7) or a cover (30). The method comprises: introducing the first end (4) of the post (3) into the ground (1), leaving the second end (5) outside the ground (1); fixing the bolt (7) to the post (3); and fixing the structure (2) to the bolt (7) or the cover (30).
The invention relates to a synchronous power controller for a generation system based on static power converters, said controller comprising two main blocks referred to as: block 1 (electric block) (10) and block 2 (electromechanical block) (20), electric block 1 (10) being, in turn, formed by a virtual electrical characteristic controller (11) and a virtual admittance controller (12), and the electromechanical block 2 (20) being formed by a virtual electromechanical characteristic controller (21) and an inertia and damping factor controller (22).
H02M 7/48 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02P 23/14 - Estimation or adaptation of motor parameters, e.g. rotor time constant, flux, speed, current or voltage
85.
VIRTUAL ADMITTANCE CONTROLLER BASED ON STATIC POWER CONVERTERS
The invention relates to a virtual admittance controller based on static power converters, comprising a control loop into the inlet of which is injected the difference in voltage between a virtual internal voltage (e) and the voltage at the network connection point (v). Said difference in voltages feeds a virtual admittance processor (13) that determines the value of a reference current (i*) that it communicates to a current source (14), said current source physically injecting said current into the network (15).
H02M 7/48 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02P 23/14 - Estimation or adaptation of motor parameters, e.g. rotor time constant, flux, speed, current or voltage
86.
VIRTUAL CONTROLLER OF ELECTROMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR STATIC POWER CONVERTERS
The invention relates to a virtual controller of electromechanical characteristics for a static power converter that includes a PLC (23) (power loop controller) which receives, at the input thereof, the power difference (ΔΡ) between the input power (Pin) (power delivered to the converter by the primary source) and the power delivered to the grid (Pelec), and is able to modify online the parameters of the virtual inertia coefficient and the damping factor as a function of the desired response and of the grid conditions for different frequency ranges.
H02M 7/48 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02P 23/14 - Estimation or adaptation of motor parameters, e.g. rotor time constant, flux, speed, current or voltage
Solar tracker that comprises a pedestal (1) to which is affixed a structural support (10) for a reflecting surface (15), which tracker comprises: - a fixed base (2), secured to the ground, which comprises an upper planar surface (7) with an opening; - a rotating mechanical element (3) of a vertical axis, arranged in the opening in the planar surface (7) of the fixed base (2) and are fixed to the pedestal (1); - and a cylinder (4) for triggering azimuthal rotation of the structural support (10), which comprises a first end affixed to the ground by an anchoring means (16, 2) and a second end affixed to the rotating mechanical element (3) by fastening means, the rotating mechanical element being configured in such a manner that, when the triggering cylinder moves, the rotary mechanical element transmits the rotation movement from the second end of the triggering cylinder to the pedestal (1).
The invention relates to a structural support (2) azimuth rotation device, including: a rotating structure (1) with respect to a fixed vertical rotation axis (3) joined to the structural support (2) by connecting means, which includes: a flat base (10) in the center of which is located the fixed vertical rotation axis (3) and a side wall (11) the length of the entire perimeter of the flat base; at least one fixed azimuth rotation device (4) of the rotating structure (1) that includes rotation means (5, 6, 15, 16) that are supported by the side wall (11 ) of the rotating structure (1) and a fixed system of support on the ground, that includes the fixed vertical rotation axis (3) and a plurality of feet (7, 7', 7") on which is fixed at least one fixed azimuth rotation device (4).
The invention relates to a method for in situ coating a tower solar receiver in order to protect the surface of the receiver from corrosion and to increase absorptivity of same, which is carried out in several steps: surface preparation, application of the coating, curing, optional vitrification and controlled cooling. The surface preparation is done by zones depending on the size of the receiver, a methodology that enables an intercalated application of the coating in order to minimize the risk of corrosion. The curing stage is carried out by supplying steam to the inside of the receiver tubes, and temperature requirements above the operating limits of the boiler are adjusted with the solar field as a support system. Vitrification is done using saturated steam traveling through the receiver tubes and concentrating solar radiation on the surface of the receiver from the solar field.
F24J 2/48 - characterised by the absorber material
F24J 2/07 - Receivers working at high temperature, e.g. for solar power plants
B05D 3/02 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
90.
MECHANISM FOR TURNING STRUCTURAL SUPPORTS WITH OLEOHYDRAULIC ACTUATION
Mechanism for turning structural supports with oleohydraulic actuation, which comprises at least two hydraulic cylinders (5, 6) for actuating a turning movement of the structural support with respect to at least one axis selected from the vertical, horizontal or a combination of the two, and a hollow cover (1), which comprises at least one opening (4) in the lateral surface thereof for the passage of a first and a second pivotable hydraulic cylinder (5, 6), fastened to the cover (1) by means of two parallel vertical shafts (7, 7'), the ends of each oleohydraulic cylinder being fastened by joining means to a rotary mechanical element selected from a roller bearing or turning ring, located inside the hollow cover to which it is fastened by means for joining a turning mechanical element/cover, and connected to the structural support by structural support/turning mechanical element joining means.
F15B 15/06 - Mechanical layout characterised by the means for converting the movement of the fluid-actuated element into movement of the finally-operated member for mechanically converting rectilinear movement into non-rectilinear movement
91.
Cleaning vehicle and method for parabolic trough solar collectors
A vehicle and method for cleaning parabolic trough solar collectors (2) by means of a motorized vehicle (1) which includes a water tank (4); front (5) and rear (6) cleaning arms, with a telescopic part having several sections, coupled at one end to a pivoting head (8) which supports a rotary cleaning brush (9) and comprises spray nozzles (10), as well as proximity sensors (12) for the brushes (9). It comprises the same number of front and rear transverse guide rails (13) which include a linear movement means (14) coupled, by means of a pivot (15), to the cleaning arms (5, 6). The brushes (9) are movable in relation to the head (8) by means of a shaft (21) actuated by a retraction actuator (27) for overcoming obstacles (26).
The invention can be used to clean the entire surface of absorption tubes (10) without interfering with said tubes (10) or the structural elements (13) of the collector. The invention comprises a coupling bar (2) for coupling the device to a cleaning vehicle (12), and a chassis (1) connected to said bar (2) and including: side segments (3), an upper segment (4) and a lower segment (5), all interconnected; arms (6) that extend perpendicularly to the segments (3, 4, 5) of the chassis (1); and nozzles (7) located on the arms (6) and on the side segments (3) for spraying cleaning water onto the absorption tube (10) as the vehicle (12) is moving, such that the portion of the absorption tube (10) that is being cleaned is always confined to the space between the chassis (1) and the arms (6).
System for manufacturing facets comprising a frame a series of mirrors and multiple securing parts in which said parts are the key to the invention and are formed by a rod and a circular metal sheet provided with a series of small circular perforations, where the rod and the circular sheet are attached by electric arc welding or any other equivalent fixation and the purpose of which is to secure a curved mirror to the rear structure or frame of a heliostat.
Method for the natural-draught cooling of a high-concentration thermoelectric solar plant that includes a central receiver or tower with a heliostat field, wherein the tower is used as a natural-draught cooling tower. The steam originating from the turbine will be made to circulate through a series of condensers located at the base of the tower, where said condensers condense the steam therein and discharge the condensation heat to the atmosphere. The fluid responsible for this heat exchange is the air at ambient temperature at the base of the tower. Once condensed, the steam is pumped back towards the receiver so that it can be re-used as a heat-transfer fluid. The cooling air travels up through the tower and exits through the highest part thereof. The plant can be used to reduce not only its own electricity consumption, but also water consumption.
F28D 15/02 - Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat-pipes
F03G 6/06 - Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
F03G 6/00 - Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
F03G 6/04 - Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy using a single state working fluid gaseous
Superheated steam tower receiver with a well-defined configuration that benefits the transfer of heat between the surface of the component and the working fluid. Composed of at least four subpanels that define the circulation circuit for the steam by means of internal passages. The component is provided with saturated steam and for the production of said steam it is possible to use other solar concentrator technology. The proposed configuration minimizes the technological risks inherent in superheated steam receiver technology where drawbacks arise in the structure of the material owing to the thermal cycles to which the solar component is subjected.
The invention relates to a solar collector having a multi-tube receiver, to thermosolar plants that use said collector and to a method for operating said plants, where the multi-tube receivers have a primary reflector (5) formed by two continuous symmetrical parametric curves, a secondary reconcentrator (6) and a receiver (1) that includes several connected tubes (7) with a circular cross-section, the center of gravity of the collector being located very close to the axis of rotation of the collector itself, and the concentration ratio C/Cmax being greater than 0.63, having 100% collection efficiency and having a maximum of two reflections of solar rays (8). The thermosolar plants that use said multi-tube receivers combine same with cylindrical or trough collectors with a tubular receiver, and can be used for the direct generation of steam (with a saturation and overheating zone) or the indirect generation of steam (with the collectors connected in series).
F24S 10/70 - Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
F24S 23/74 - Arrangements for concentrating solar rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
F24S 23/79 - Arrangements for concentrating solar rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
The invention relates to a structure having a torsion lattice girder for a parabolic trough solar collector, consisting of: a torsion girder (23) having a square cross-section, which in turn includes: frames (1) at both ends that transmit torque, enable connection with another adjacent collector and support the rotational shaft (2) of the collector; a girder body formed by four struts (3); X-braces (16); and rigid welded assemblies (20) that are attached onto the two upper struts (3) of the girder to bear each supporting means (18) for the absorber tube (19). Said structure further consists of cantilever supporting means (7) anchored to the girder (23) and on which belts (5) are placed, in which belts the clamps (6) that hold the reflectors are located; and supporting means (18) for the absorber tube (19) that are joined to the struts (3) by means of the rigid welded assemblies (20).
The invention relates to a spectrophotometer for the automated optical characterization of solar collector tubes and to a method for the operation thereof, that measures the coefficients of transmission of the glass tube (13) and of reflection of the metal tube (15). The device includes all the necessary components for taking said measurement, such as the optical bench (1) supporting the tube (2), the standard or framework (3) and the optical modules of the device, a main module (5) that generates the light bundles, a measuring module (4) that measures the coefficient of transmission of the outer glass tube (13) and the coefficient of reflection of the inner metal tube (15), a mechanical system of tube rotation (9), an electronic system of data acquisition and processing (6), an external computer (7) for controlling the device and processing the data measured and a system of communication (8) between the device and the computer (7).
G01J 1/24 - Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value intensity of the measured or reference value being varied to equalise their effects at the detector, e.g. by varying incidence angle using a variable element in the light-path, e.g. filter, polarising means using electric radiation detectors
100.
TOWER RECEIVER CONFIGURATION FOR HIGH POWER VALUES
The invention relates to a receiver having a configuration of saturated and overheated steam solar modules in a tower solar concentration plant, in which the configuration allows incident radiation on both faces of the overheated steam module, providing significant advantages in terms of the durability and overall control of the plant.
patents
