A spectroscopic system is provided for light homogenization and spectral analysis. The system includes an illumination using LEDs mounted on an integrating sphere to homogenize input light for consistent illumination profiles across broad wavelength ranges. Reference and sample cuvette holders are optically coupled to the illumination sphere. Light transmitted through the cuvettes enters respective reference and sample integrating spheres where is homogenized and emitted as uniform output light. The cuvette holders have a side opening for side-mounted illumination sources. A reflective background surface can also be provided to reflect light from the side-mounted illumination source into the integrating spheres. A diffraction grating and an imaging capture device resolve and record spectral data. A processor is provided to control illumination parameters (intensity, wavelength), slit adjustment, image capture, and data processing, enabling data analysis. The components are integrally formed as a single unit for compactness and efficiency.
A method to obtain and process data to generate intrinsic hyper-spectral data cubes is provided, where a data acquisition procedure involves scanning the field of view under focused and diffused conditions and an intrinsic calibration procedure requires focused and diffused scans of the field of view of a white reference surface. The spectra of the diffuse scan of the white reference surface is subtracted from the spectra of the focused scan of the white reference surface resulting in a residual data cube of a scan of the white surface. To obtain an intrinsic data cube of a field of view of interest, the residual data cube is added to the diffused data cube of the field of view of interest generating a resulting data cube that is subtracted from the focused data cube field of view of interest.
An array (map) of intrinsic images of an image of interest is established by selecting the intensities of a focused and defocused/diffused images of the image of interest. After obtaining a first focused image, a series of defocused/diffused images are obtained at different exposure times, where intrinsic images are obtained from the first focused image and the series of defocused/diffused images in order to form an array of image sets of the intrinsic images in the form of a matrix. In addition, a second focused image can be obtained at a different exposure time than the first focused image, and a second series defocused/diffused images are obtained at different exposure times, where second intrinsic images are obtained from the second focused image and the second series of defocused/diffused images in order to form an array of image sets of the intrinsic images and the second intrinsic images in the form of a matrix. The array of image sets cover and shows the required granularity of intrinsic differences among the intrinsic images generated enhancing the intrinsic images resulting in more noticeable details of the intrinsic image and the image of interest not previously appreciated.
A library of known intrinsic spectra is provided to identify at least one known material in a sample of interest. The library includes individual intrinsic spectra channels defined by the assignment of intrinsic spectra of at least one known material, and combinations thereof, so that the assigned intrinsic spectra of each intrinsic spectra channel is correlated to at least one known material. The at least one known material is identified in the sample of interest when intrinsic spectra obtained from the sample of interest is matched to an assigned intrinsic spectra of an intrinsic spectra channel of the library of known intrinsic spectra.
An apparatus and method to generate intrinsic images without barrier filters and dichroic mirrors is provided. The method involves acquisition of an image of a focused field of view and a diffused image of the same field of view. The diffused image is obtained by placing a translucent material in the path between a camera and the field of view. The translucent material permits transmission of the illumination energy while diffusing the spatial details of the field of view, thus producing a featureless image of illumination intensities. The focused and diffused images are then processed pixel-by-pixel by to generate intrinsic images free of irrelevant illumination.
An apparatus and associated methodology are provided to obtain intrinsic hyper-spectral data cubes such that the intrinsic spectrum associated with each pixel of the field of view does not contain irrelevant spectral components. This is accomplished by obtaining a focused spatial image of the field of view and a diffuse image of the field of view with a slit arrangement including a translucent material that allows imaging of a focused spatial image with its associated spectrum and a diffuse image of the illumination with its associated spectrum at essentially the same time. Unprocessed intrinsic data cubes are generated from the obtained spectrum which are processed with the intrinsic methodology of the invention to generate an intrinsic hyper-spectral data cube of the field of view.
An apparatus and method to generate intrinsic images without barrier filters and dichroic mirrors is provided. The method involves acquisition of an image of a focused field of view and a diffused image of the same field of view. The diffused image is obtained by placing a translucent material in the path between a camera and the field of view. The translucent material permits transmission of the illumination energy while diffusing the spatial details of the field of view, thus producing a featureless image of illumination intensities. The focused and diffused images are then processed pixel-by-pixel by to generate intrinsic images free of irrelevant illumination.
The invention provides a retraining system that requires EM sensors, programmable computers and mechanical structures that are controlled by the programmable computers so that injured body parts of injury subjects are moved by the mechanical structures. The retraining methodology proposes the use of electromyograph (EMG) signals from a healthy subject having a healthy body part to control the mechanical structures that are coupled to the injured body parts of injury subjects. As part of the retraining system, the EMG signals of the same injured subject are also sensed by an EM sensor coupled to said injured subject in order to move the mechanical structures coupled to the injured subject. The system is calibrated to store in the programmable computers specific motions associated to the EMG signals of the healthy subject and to ensure that the EMG signals of the healthy subject and the EMG signals of the injured subject are significantly matched. Also, the system provides that the EMG signals of a single healthy subject can be used to control the movement of a plurality of mechanical structures coupled to a plurality of injured subjects to offer a group therapy session.
The Intrinsic Hyper-Spectral Flow Cytometer (IHSFC) and its associated methodology, improves current flow cytometry by eliminating the need of associated hardware-based elements currently used for spectral data detection. The (IHSFC), rather than using narrow band lasers to excite or interrogate the analytes, the flow stream is excited by a wide wavelength range beam. The raw data generated by the (IHSFC) are as follows; forward light scatter, right angle light scatter, coherent spectral data and non-coherent spectral data. The intrinsic fluorescent spectral components are extracted from the coherent and non-coherent spectral data.
The invention provides a method of obtaining data cubes such that elimination of the irrelevant portion of the illumination reveals the low intensity intrinsic spectral components. The method obtains target and reference data cubes using a single camera and of a single field of view so that low-level intrinsic spectral components may be detected and enhanced under conditions of high illumination intensity without the use of filters. Two exposures in rapid succession of the same field of view at the same camera settings are taken, one exposure of the target is taken under coherent conditions where the field of view is in focus, and the second exposure is of the same field of view taken under non-coherent conditions where the target is defocused such that it has no discernible spatial features in the field of view. Residual spectra previously determined is added to the defocus spectra in the defocus data cube of the target of interest resulting in an adjusted reference spectra, which in turn is subtracted from the corresponding focused spectra in the focused data cube of the target of interest resulting in a focused target data cube each of whose pixels is associated with its intrinsic spectrum.
A method is provided to obtain a full range intrinsic spectral signature for spectroscopy and spectral imaging. The method eliminates the irrelevant spectral components and is used to normalize the spectral intensities across the full wavelength ranges obtained from different instrumentation. The method determines the intrinsic instrument noise levels and the noise level across the spectral range is averaged for each spectrum. By determining the percent of the integrated instrument noise relative to the integrated illumination energy for each instrument, the instrument noise can be normalized to one common value and the intensity values of the intrinsic sample spectra can be normalized proportionately and combined into a continuous intrinsic spectrum across the wavelength ranges of the contributing instruments. The methodology is also implemented in spectral imaging and spectral data cubes.
The present invention is a method of removing the illumination and background spectral components thus isolating spectra from multi-spectral and hyper-spectral data cubes. The invention accomplishes this by first balancing a reference and sample data cubes for each spectra associated with each location, or pixel/voxel, in the spatial image. The set of residual spectra produced in the balancing step is used to obtain and correct a new set of reference spectra that is used to remove the illumination and background components in a sample data cube.
Method to remove the spectral components of illumination energy from a sample spectrum without the use of optical barrier filters, and apparatus for the same
The present invention is a method of obtaining and isolating sample spectra from a wide wavelength illumination source without the use of filters. The method obtains the combined sample and illumination spectra of a sample and removes the illumination spectrum from the combined spectrum. This is accomplished by obtaining both the combined sample/illumination spectrum and the illumination spectrum separately at the same time and under the same environmental and instrument conditions. The illumination spectrum is then subtracted, wavelength by wavelength from the combined sample/illumination spectrum, leaving the pure sample spectrum which may a single spectrum or combination of two or more spectra from different types and/or compounds in the sample.
G01N 21/27 - ColourSpectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection
14.
A METHOD TO REMOVE THE SPECTRAL COMPONENTS OF ILLUMINATION ENERGY FROM A SAMPLE SPECTRUM WITHOUT THE USE OF OPTICAL BARRIER FILTERS, AND APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
The present invention is a method of obtaining and isolating sample spectra from a wide wavelength illumination source without the use of filters. The method obtains the combined sample and illumination spectra of a sample and removes the illumination spectrum from the combined spectrum. This is accomplished by obtaining both the combined sample/illumination spectrum and the illumination spectrum separately at the same time and under the same environmental and instrument conditions. The illumination spectrum is then subtracted, wavelength by wavelength from the combined sample/illumination spectrum, leaving the pure sample spectrum which may a single spectrum or combination of two or more spectra from different types and/or compounds in the sample.
G01J 3/18 - Generating the spectrumMonochromators using diffraction elements, e.g. grating
15.
A METHOD TO REMOVE THE SPECTRAL COMPONENTS OF ILLUMINATION ENERGY FROM A SAMPLE SPECTRUM WITHOUT THE USE OF OPTICAL BARRIER FILTERS, AND APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
The present invention is a method of obtaining and isolating sample spectra from a wide wavelength illumination source without the use of filters. The method obtains the combined sample and illumination spectra of a sample and removes the illumination spectrum from the combined spectrum. This is accomplished by obtaining both the combined sample/illumination spectrum and the illumination spectrum separately at the same time and under the same environmental and instrument conditions. The illumination spectrum is then subtracted, wavelength by wavelength from the combined sample/illumination spectrum, leaving the pure sample spectrum which may a single spectrum or combination of two or more spectra from different types and/or compounds in the sample.
An apparatus and method to generate intrinsic images without barrier filters and dichroic mirrors is provided. The method involves acquisition of an image of a focused field of view and a diffused image of the same field of view. The diffused image is obtained by placing a translucent material in the path between a camera and the field of view. The translucent material permits transmission of the illumination energy while diffusing the spatial details of the field of view, thus producing a featureless image of illumination intensities. The focused and diffused images are then processed pixel-by-pixel by to generate intrinsic images free of irrelevant illumination.
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