A high pressure gas discharge lamp, including: an arc tube (110) comprising an arrangement of electrodes (104, 109a, 109b) and containing mercury, wherein, in order to generate radiation, the electrodes (104, 109a, 109b) are arranged to sustain an electric arc to vaporise the mercury (111) within the arc tube (110), said arc tube being arranged to generate radiation in at least the UV-C, UV-B, UV-A and visible optical ranges; and an optical filter (114) that is optically opaque to UV-C radiation and optically transparent to UV-B, UV-A and visible radiation, wherein the optical filter (114) is arranged to block UV-C radiation emitted from the arc tube (110) and allow transmission of UV-B, UV-A and visible radiation emitted from the arc tube (110). A luminaire (450; 750) is also disclosed.
H01J 61/20 - Selection of substances for gas fillingsSpecified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent mercury vapour
H01J 61/35 - VesselsContainers provided with coatings on the walls thereofSelection of materials for the coatings
H01J 61/40 - Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light by light-filtersDevices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light by coloured coatings in or on the envelope
H01J 61/82 - Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge
A low-dose, preferably unsaturated, fill of microwave excitable material 9, including one metal halide in a noble gas with an optional mercury buffer, is contained in a plasma crucible 2 to form a light emitting plasma therein.
H01J 61/12 - Selection of substances for gas fillingsSpecified operating pressure or temperature
H01J 61/20 - Selection of substances for gas fillingsSpecified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent mercury vapour
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
A low-dose, preferably unsaturated, fill of microwave excitable material (9), including at least two metal halides in a noble gas with an optional mercury buffer, is contained in a plasma crucible (2) to form a light emitting plasma therein.
H01J 61/12 - Selection of substances for gas fillingsSpecified operating pressure or temperature
H01J 61/20 - Selection of substances for gas fillingsSpecified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent mercury vapour
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
A light source to be powered by microwave energy, having a dielectric body or fabrication of material lucent for exit of light therefrom, a receptacle within the dielectric body or fabrication, and a lucent microwave-enclosing Faraday cage surrounding the dielectric body or fabrication. The dielectric body or fabrication within the Faraday cage forms at least part of a microwave resonant cavity. A sealed plasma enclosure of lucent material within the receptacle has a means for locating the plasma enclosure within the receptacle with respect to the dielectric body or fabrication.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
A light source to be powered by microwave energy, having a dielectric body or fabrication of material lucent for exit of light therefrom, a receptacle within the dielectric body or fabrication, and a lucent microwave-enclosing Faraday cage surrounding the dielectric body or fabrication. The dielectric body or fabrication within the Faraday cage forms at least part of a microwave resonant cavity. A sealed plasma enclosure of lucent material within the receptacle has a means for locating the plasma enclosure within the receptacle with respect to the dielectric body or fabrication.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
A lucent waveguide plasma light source has a quartz waveguide body with a central through bore. The bore has orifices at its opposite ends, opening centrally of flat, end faces of the body. Between these the body has a circular cylindrical periphery. A drawn quartz tube is inserted into the body. The tube has its one end closed and a collar which locates the tube in the bore and is fused to the faces at the orifices of the bore. The tube is evacuated and charged with excitable material and closed as a sealed void. A Faraday cage and an antenna in a bore in the body are provided for feeding microwave energy to the light source. When powered with microwaves, resonance is established in the wave guide and a plasma is established in the void, wherein Light radiates and leaves the waveguide and Faraday cage radially of the periphery.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
H01J 9/24 - Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors, or bases
A crucible 1 for a LUWPL is formed from a wave guide body 2 having a central bore 3 through it. Received within the central bore is a drawn quartz tube 4. having its ends sealed, one 41 having been worked flat to be coplanar with one face 21 of body. The other end 42 has a vestigial tip 43. This is secured to the body at the orifice 22 of the bore in the other face 23 of the body. The securement is by means of ceramic adhesive compound 5.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
A plasma crucible (92) has a through bore (93) and two tubes (981,982) butt sealed on to the end faces (901,902) of the crucible. One (981) of the tubes is closed prior to the filling of the crucible. The tube is tipped off and worked in a glass lathe to form it to have a flat end (983). After evacuation, dosing and gas fill, the end (983) is heated to drive off impurities in the dose, with its active constituent condensing within the bore (93). Then, the other tube (902) is tipped off in the similar manner.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
A Lucent Waveguide Electromagnetic Wave Plasma Light Source has a fabrication (1) of quartz with an inner closed void enclosure (2) is formed of 8mm OD, 4mm ID drawn tube. It is sealed at its inner and outer ends (3,4). Microwave excitable plasma material is sealed inside the enclosure. Its outer end (4) protrudes through an end plate (5) by approximately 10.5mm and the overall length of the enclosure is approximately 20.5mm. The tube (71) from which the void is formed is continued backwards from the inner end of the void enclosure as an antenna sheath (72). The 2mm thick end plate (5) is circular and has the enclosure (2) sealed in a central bore in it. A similar plate (6) is positioned to leave a 10mm separation between them with a small approximately 2mm gap between the inner end of the enclosure and the inner plate (6). The antenna sheath is fused to the plate (6), with an aperture (73) in the plate allowing the antenna to pass into the sheath. The plates are 34mm in diameter and sealed in a drawn quartz tube (7), the tube having a 38mm OD and 2mm wall thickness. The outer end 10 of the outer tube (7) is flush with the outer plate (5) and the inner end of the tube extends 17.5mm back from the back surface of the inner plate (6) as a skirt (9). This structure provides a skirted recess (13) with the space (74) within it extending into the antenna sheath (72). Accommodated in the skirted recess is a block (4) of alumina. Its outside diameter is 33.9mm and it is 17.7mm thick. It has a central bore (15) of 2mm diameter. An antenna (18) is housed in the bore (15) and is of a length to extend into the antenna sheath (72).
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
An LER LUWPL source luminaire (1) having a magnetron (2) heat conductingly mounted below a finned heat dissipater (3) with a suspension eye (4). The magnetron is attached to a microwave transition (5) and a lucent crucible (6). An imperforate cover (8) extends down from the heat dissipater and is closed by a transparent screen (9), held to the cover by a moulding (10). The moulding supports a polished-sheet-metal reflector (11) extending back to the lucent crucible, with its reflective surfaces obliquely facing both the crucible and the screen for reflection of light from the crucible out of the luminaire via the screen. The moulding (10) is generally square shaped and the reflector comprises four triangular faces (12), pyramidally arranged, with a square base embodied by a rim (14) supported on the top of the screen (9) above the moulding (10). The faces converge to a virtual apex (15), on the central axis (16) of the lucent crucible. This axis is coincident with the pyramid's normal axis (17) from the apex to the centre of the base. The faces (12) are angled at 45° to the base. The apex is virtual in that the crucible and its backing piece (18) project through an aperture 19 in the reflector, above which the apex would exist if the aperture were not there
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
12.
MICROWAVE DRIVEN ELECTRODELESS LAMP COMPRISING MAGNETRON WITHOUT FORCED CONVECTIVE COOLING
A LUWPL luminaire has a housing (201) with a lower transparent closure (202) and a heat dissipating top (203), of cast aluminium. This has a suspension eye (204). The housing has an upper flange (205) via which it is bolted with the interposition of a seal 206 to a underside rim (207) of the top. Within the rim, the underside (208) is substantially flat, with a magnetron attachment boss (209) and other attachment points (210). A magnetron is supported by being clamped by a saddle (220) to the attachment boss (209) at the magnetron's anode. The magnetron is fast with a transition box and a crucible support block. A bracket (221) fixed to certain of the attachment points (210) extends down from the top and is screwed to the transition box. Thus the LUWPL parts are securely supported below the top.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
The application relates to an intermediate product in the manufacture of a crucible for a Lucent Waveguide Plasma Light source (LUWPL) comprising a wavguide of lucent material having a bore, and a tube of lucent material provided in said bore in intimate contact with the lucent material of the waveguide body. The application further relates to a crucible for a LUWPL having the same characteristic, and a method applied during manufacturing of such a crucible, comprising the step of causing the tube to expand and/or the bore to contract to bring them into an intimate contact. In one embodiment, operation to produce an intermediate product for a crucible for a LUWPL is as follows: • a) a body (2) is preheated and placed on a support, with its bore concentric with a tube 4 supported in a chuck and connected to a inflation means; • b) the tube is heated with the chuck being rotated for evenness of beating; • c) when the temperature of the tube is detected to be the softening point of the quartz of the tube, its rotation is stopped and it is advanced into a bore (3) in the body (2); • d) advance is stopped when the. distal, sealed end is detected to have reached a determined protrusion (18); • e) simultaneously with the advance being stopped, inflation gas is admitted into the tube, to inflate it albeit it marginally, and bring its outer surface (5) into intimate contact with the surface (6) of the bore (4), the inflation also expanding the tube immediately outside the bore, to further assure the fixture of the tube in the bore.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
Two conventional thick- walled, drawn, fused quartz tubes (1,2) are arranged the one within the other. At their forward end of them, each is gripped in a collet (3,4). These forward collets are supported for travel along a track (5) by a distance equivalent to the length of the tubes. A heating, and drawing, station (6) is arranged a short distance back in the length of the tubes from an initial position of the forward chucks. At its furthest end, the outer tube is gripped by a tensioning collet (8), itself supported on the track. The collets are arranged to be driven along the track by respective stepper motors (9, 10, 11). At the heating station, heaters in the form of burners (12) are provided for heating the outer tube. Heat is applied at a rate to soften the outer tube. The forwards stepper motors draw the forward collets (3,4) such that the outer tube stretches. The rear, tensioning collet (8) moves forwards more slowly, whereby the outer tube is stretched sufficiently to reduce it in diameter into contact with the inner tube.
A lucent waveguide plasma light source (LUWPL) (1) has a quartz waveguide body (2) with a central through bore (3). The bore has orifices (4, 5) at its opposite ends, opening centrally of flat, end faces (6,7) of the body (2). Between these the body has a circular cylindrical periphery (8). A drawn quartz tube (10) is inserted into the body. The tube has its one end (11) closed and a collar (12) which locates the tube in the bore and it is fused to the faces (6, 7), at the orifices of the bore. The tube is evacuated and charged with excitable material (1) and closed as a sealed void (16) which extends at least to the fusion between the body and the tube at the orifice of the bore. A Faraday cage (21) and an antenna (22) in a bore (23) in the body are provided for feeding microwave energy to the light source. When powered with microwaves, resonance is established in the wave guide and a plasma is established in the void. Light from this radiates from the void and leaves the waveguide and the Faraday cage radially of the periphery (8).
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
H01J 9/24 - Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors, or bases
A Lucent Waveguide Electromagnetic wave Plasma Light Source has a fabrication 1 of fused quartz sheet and drawn tube. An inner closed void enclosure 2 is formed of 8mm outside diameter, 4mm inside diameter drawn tube. Electromagnetic wave excitable plasma material is sealed inside the enclosure. The end plate 5 is circular and has the enclosure 2 sealed in a central bore in it, the bore not being numbered as such. A similar plate 6 is positioned to leave a small gap between the inner end of the enclosure and itself. The two tubes are concentric with the two plates extending at right angles to their central axis. The outer tube 7 extends back from the back surface of the inner plate 6 as a skirt 9. This structure provides: • an annular cavity 1 1 between the plates, around the void enclosure and within outer tube; · a skirted recess 13. Accommodated in the skirted recess is a right-circular-cylindrical block 14 of alumina dimensioned to fit the recess with a sliding fit. An antenna 18 with a Tee/button head 19 is housed in a bore 15 and counter-bore 16 in the alumina block. The quartz fabrication 1 with the alumina block 14 is accommodated in a Faraday cage 20 extending across the fabrication at the end plate 5 and back along the outer tube for the extent of the cavity 10. The cage has an imperforate skirt 22 extending 8mm further back than the quartz skirt 9.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
An electrodeless, microwave lamp has a magnetron as a microwave source and an excitable material lucent crucible in whose excitable material a plasma is established. For coupling microwaves from the magnetron into the crucible, an air wave guide coupling circuit is provided, with an output of the magnetron as an input at one quarter lambda from one end and an output at one quarter from the other end as an input to a connection to the crucible.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
H05B 41/28 - Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters
A High Frequency light source (11) has a central body (12) of fused quartz, with a central void (14), filled with a fill (16) in the void of material excitable by High Frequency energy to form a light emitting plasma. An inner sleeve (17) of perforate metal shim extends along the length of the central body to within 2.5mm of its void end to provide a launching gap (18). The sleeve has a transverse end portion (19) extending across the other, inner end of the central body. An outer cylinder of fused quartz (20) with an internal bore (21) such as to be a sliding fit with the inner sleeve, itself a sliding fit on the central body. An outer sleeve (22) of perforate metal, enclosing the outer cylinder and having an end portion (23) extending across the flush, void ends of the quartz body and cylinder (12,20). The outer sleeve has a skirt (25) extending past the flush other ends of the quartz elements over an aluminium carrier (26), where it is clamped, holding the quartz elements against the carrier. Thus the sleeve forms with, with its end (23) and the carrier (26), a Faraday cage around the quartz and the plasma void (14). An antenna (27) insulated from the carrier extends from it into a bore (28) in the quartz cylinder (20) for introducing HF radiation into the coaxial wave guide formed by the inner and outer sleeves (17,22). Their perforation is such as to make them opaque and enclosing to the HF radiation yet light transmissive, whereby light from the plasma can pass through them. The portion of the antenna in the carrier provides a connection to an non-shown source of HF energy. The inner sleeve (17), at its end portion (19), is earthed to the carrier, in the same way as the outer sleeve and its end portion (23). Thus the gap (18) between the end of the inner sleeve and the end portion of the Faraday cage forms a launching gap for the HF energy to radiate to the plasma void and establish and maintain the plasma there. Light from the plasma passes through the quartz and through the perforations in the sleeves and the end portion (19), thus out of the light source.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
A power supply (1) for a magnetron has a PFC DC voltage source (2) and an HV (High Voltage) converter (3). The voltage source is mains driven and supplies DC voltage above mains voltage on line (5), smoothed by capacitor (4), to the HV converter. The latter supplies switched alternating current to transformer 6. This supplies higher voltage alternating current to a rectifier (7), in turn supplying the magnetron with high, magnetron powering, anode voltage on line (8). The DC voltage source has an PFC inductor (22), which is switched by a transistor switch (23) under control of an integrated circuit (24). It is the inductor which enables the voltage source to provide a variable DC voltage. An input rectifier (25) is provided for rectifying mains voltage. The output voltage of the voltage source is monitored and fed back to the integrated circuit by a voltage divider (26). The feed back voltage is modified as required to control the required voltage to be applied to the HV converter by a control circuit (27). The control circuit comprises a transistor (31) having a reference voltage fed to its base on line (32). Its collector is connected to the common point of the voltage divider (26), which is the feed back point. The emitter is connected to the output of the operational amplifier via a resistor (33).
To the common point C of two transistors of a magnetron, switched converter power circuit is connected a coupling capacitor C11 which provides input to a starter circuit (24). A transistor switch (25) is in series with the capacitor C11 and a diode D1. When the switch is off no current flows in D11. When the switch is made, D11 conducts during alternate halves of cycles present at C. A second diode D12 also conducts and allows current to pass through discharge capacitor C12. This progressively charges until the voltage across it reaches the breakdown voltage of a gas discharge tube GTD. Whereupon the capacitor discharges through the primary winding of transformer TR2. The secondary winding has many more turns and a starter voltage is induced in the starter electrode (11). This is isolated from the Faraday cage (4) and terminates adjacent the crucible, close to the void (2). Every time the discharge capacitor discharges, the void of a microwave plasma light source is pulsed. The magnetron is being driven - the starter being able to operate only as a result of the converter operating. Once a plasma in the void establishes, this is detected by a photodiode (12) adjacent the starter electrode (11). Presence of plasma is signalled to the microprocessor which opens the transistor switch (25).
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
H05B 41/24 - Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by high-frequency AC
A lucent crucible of a Lucent Waveguide Microwave Plasma Light Source (LWMPLS) comprising a Light Emitting Resonator (LER) in form of a crucible (1) of fused quartz which has a central void (2) having microwave excitable material (3) within it. In one example, the void is 4 mm in diameter and has a length (L) of 21 mm. The LWMPLS is operated at a power (P) of 280 W and thus with a plasma loading P/L of 133 w/cm and a wall loading of 106 w/cm2. The lamp is thus operated with a high efficiency - in terms of lumens per watt - while having a reasonable lifetime.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
A power supply for a magnetron has a high voltage converter (101), a microprocessor (103) and a resistor (109). The high voltage converter comprises an integrated circuit oscillator IC1, switching transistors T1,T2, an inductance LI, a transformer (106) and a rectifier (107). A voltage source (4) supplies an augmented DC voltage to the converter (101). An operational amplifier (122), arranged as an error signal magnifier with an integrating capacitor C7 and a resistor R9, compares a control signal from microprocessor (103) and resistor (109) and supplies an output signal to the oscillator IC1. Oscillator IC1 controls switching transistors T1,T2, the output of which connect to inductance LI and the primary winding of the transformer (106). The secondary winding of the transformer (106) is connected to half bridge diodes D3, D4, D5, D6 and capacitors C5, C6 which provide DC current from the transformer to the magnetron (102).
A lamp 1 comprises an oscillator and amplifier source 2 of microwave energy, typically operating at 2.45 or 5.8 GHz or other frequencies within an ISM band. The source passes the microwaves via a matching circuit 3 to an antenna 4 extending into a re -entrant 5 in a lucent waveguide 6. This is of quartz and has a central cavity 7 accommodating a bulb 8. The bulb is a sealed tube 9 of quartz and contains a fill of noble gas and a microwave excitable material, which radiates visible light when excited by microwaves. The bulb has a stem 10 received in a stem bore 11 extending from the central cavity. The waveguide is transparent and light from the bulb can leave it in any direction, subject to any reflective surfaces. Microwaves cannot leave the waveguide, which is limited at its surfaces by a Faraday cage. Typically this comprises an ITO coating 12 on a front face of the waveguide, a light reflective coating 10, typically of silver with silicon monoxide coating 13 on a rear face and a wire mesh 14, which contacts both the ITO and light reflective coatings and is grounded, the wire mesh extending around sides of the waveguide between the front and back surfaces. Light can pass through the wire mesh for collection and use.
H01J 5/16 - Optical or photographic arrangements structurally combined with the vessel
H01J 11/00 - Gas-filled discharge tubes with alternating current induction of the discharge, e.g. alternating current plasma display panels [AC-PDP]Gas-filled discharge tubes without any main electrode inside the vesselGas-filled discharge tubes with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
A lamp comprises a light source in the form of a light emitting resonator 1, a magnetron 2 and a stub tuner 3. A reflector 4 is fitted at the junction of the light source and the stub tuner, for directing the light in a generally collimated beam 5. The light emitting resonator comprises an enclosure 11 formed of inner and outer envelopes 12,13 of quartz. These are circular cylindrical tubes 14,15, with respective end plates 16,17. A tungsten wire mesh 18, of a mesh size to exhibit a ground plane to microwaves within the resonator, is sandwiched between the tubes and the end plates respectively. Each envelope, comprised of its tube and end plates is hermetic. An earth connection 18′ extends from the mesh to the outside of the envelope. The length axially of the enclosure between the wire mesh sandwiched between the end plates is λ/2 for the operating microwave frequency. At one end of the enclosure, a molybdenum drive connection 19 extends to a tungsten disc 20. This is arranged transverse the axis A of the enclosure at 1/16λ from the mesh at its end of the enclosure. The enclosure is filled with excitable plasma material, such as a dose of metal halide in a rare earth gas. The disc acts as antenna and is driven by the magnetron 2, via the matching circuit 3.
A light source to be powered by microwave energy, the source having: a body having a sealed void therein, a microwave-enclosing Faraday cage surrounding the body, a fill in the void of material excitable by microwave energy to form a light emitting plasma therein, and an antenna arranged within the body for transmitting plasma-inducing, microwave energy to the fill, the antenna having: a connection extending outside the body for coupling to a source of microwave energy; wherein the body is a solid plasma crucible of material which is lucent for exit of light therefrom, the plasma crucible is contoured with a contoured surface to reflect light internally within the lucent crucible material to exit in a particular direction, the Faraday cage is at least partially light transmitting for light exit from the plasma crucible in the particular direction.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
26.
Microwave light source with solid dielectric waveguide
A light source comprising a lucent waveguide of solid dielectric material having: an at least partially light transmitting Faraday cage surrounding the waveguide, a bulb cavity within the waveguide and the Faraday cage and an antenna re-entrant within the waveguide and the Faraday cage and a bulb having a microwave excitable fill, the bulb being received in the bulb cavity.
H01J 5/16 - Optical or photographic arrangements structurally combined with the vessel
H01J 11/00 - Gas-filled discharge tubes with alternating current induction of the discharge, e.g. alternating current plasma display panels [AC-PDP]Gas-filled discharge tubes without any main electrode inside the vesselGas-filled discharge tubes with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
27.
METHOD OF APPLYING A FARADAY CAGE ONTO THE RESONATOR OF A MICROWAVE LIGHT SOURCE
A method of applying a Faraday cage to a lucent resonator (1), the resonator having a void (2) containing microwave - excitable material and being adapted for microwave resonance in the resonator and within the Faraday cage for driving a light emitting plasma in the void, the method consisting in the steps of: • deposition of a conductive material onto the lucent resonator; • applying, patterning and developing a photoresist material over the conductive material to leave the conductive material exposed where it is not required; • removing the conductive material where not required and the photoresist material from the required conductive material, leaving a reticular network (11) of conductive material providing a Faraday cage and • depositing a layer of protective material over the cage of conductive material.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
H01J 9/24 - Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors, or bases
A thick-walled electroded lamp (11) has molybdenum cup seals (10) attached to both ends. The seals have tungsten electrodes (14) extending into the void (15) formed by the bore of the thick walled tube. Further the seals comprise molybdenum cups (16) having feather edges (17) set in the ends of short thin wall quartz tubes (18) fused to the ends of the thick walled quartz tube (12). The electrodes are brazed to the cups at joints (19). The lamp can be filled with its noble gas and metal halide charge, or other excitable material fill through an auxiliary exhaust tube (20) attached just in front of the cupped seal.
A lamp has microwave resonant body (11) of transparent quartz. The body has a central bore (16), having a sealed plasma enclosing bulb (17) inserted in it. The bulb is of quartz also and has an external diameter which is a close fit in the bore. The bulb itself is of drawn quartz tube (18) and as such has a smooth internal bore (19). End caps (20) are fused to the tube and encapsulate a charge of a material excitable to form a light emitting plasma in the bulb when microwaves are fed into the body via an antenna (7) in a bore (21) in the body. The body is sized to establish resonance within the Faraday cage in the body (11), bulb (17) and fill containing void (22) within the bulb. There is negligible gap between the bulb and body, whereby they can be regarded as one for resonance purposes. The bulb is fixed in the body by welds (23).
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
A luminaire has a light source (1) in the form of a quartz crucible (2), having a plasma void (3). A power supply has a magnetron (5) for providing microwaves for generating a plasma in the void. An air wave guide (6) is connected below the magnetron and a connector (7) is connected below the wave guide. The plasma crucible is fitted to the bottom of the connector and is enclosed by a Faraday cage (8). Arranged with the crucible at its focal point is a reflector (11). It has a central (aperture 12), through which the connector (7) extends. A lower, hemispherical shell (15) of a casing (16) for the power supply supports the reflector at a similar aperture (17), with the interposition of one or more focus adjusting spacers (18). The reflector is fixed to the shell with screws (19). The lower shell curves up and away from the reflector hemispherically, enclosing the power supply within its bowl. A cooling fan (43) is mounted at the top of the casing and supported by a (duct 46), extending up from the magnetron. The duct leads air flow to cooling fins of the magnetron. Thence, it flows down to and through the annular gap (47) formed by the apertures (12, 17) in the reflector and the lower shell with the connector (7). Thus the connector is cooled and the crucible with its Faraday cage, which together run hotter, is also cooled. The cooling air exits the luminaire via gaps at the bottom of the reflector between the reflector and a transparent cover (48).
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
A light source is powered by a magnetron (1) and has a quartz crucible (2) having a plasma void (8) with an excitable fill, from which light radiates in use. Two aluminium attachment blocks (3,4) are attached together and the block (3) is attached to a casing (5) of the magnetron (1) by screws - not shown. The quartz crucible is attached to the block (4) by a Faraday cage (6), in the form of a perforate metal enclosure secured at its rim (7) to the block (4). An output formation (11) of the magnetron has a conductive, copper cap (12) fitted in electrical contact with it. The cap is extended by a copper rod (14). The rod extends through the blocks (3,4) into a bore (15) in the crucible (2) for coupling microwaves from the magnetron into the crucible. An airspace (16) is provided around the cap (12) in the block (3). From the cap, the rod extends with negligible air gap in an alumina ceramic tube (17) through the airspace and a boss (18) of the block (4) located in an aperture in an end wall of the block (3).
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
For operation in the TMO1O mode at 2450MHz, a lucent crucible of quartz is 4.9cm in diameter and 2.1cm in length. A sealed plasma void is placed centrally on the central axis, with an antenna re-entrant at one end, but offset from the central axis of the crucible and close to the central void. Various TE-modus are also possible
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
An electrodeless, microwave lamp (1) has a magnetron (2) as a microwave source and an excitable material lucent crucible (5) in whose excitable material a plasma is established. For coupling microwaves from the magnetron into the crucible, an air wave guide coupling circuit (4) is provided, with an output of the magnetron as an input at one quarter lambda from one end and an output at one quarter from the other end as an input to a connection to the crucible.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
H05B 41/24 - Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by high-frequency AC
A plasma crucible (92) has a through bore (93) and two tubes (981, 982) butt sealed on to the end faces (901, 902) of the crucible. One (981) of the tubes is closed prior to the filling of the crucible. The tube is tipped off and worked in a glass lathe to form it to have a flat end (983). After evacuation, dosing and gas fill, the other tube (902) is tipped off in the similar manner.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
35.
MICROWAVE LIGHT SOURCE WITH SOLID DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDE
A lamp (1) comprises an oscillator and amplifier source (2) of microwave energy, typically operating at 2.45 or 5.8 GHz or other frequencies within an ISM band. The source passes the microwaves via a matching circuit (3) to an antenna (4) extending into a re-entrant (5) in a lucent waveguide (6). This is of quartz and has a central cavity (7) accommodating a bulb (8.) The bulb is a sealed tube (9) of quartz and contains a fill of noble gas and a microwave excitable material, which radiates visible light when excited by microwaves. The bulb has a stem (10) received in a stem bore (11) extending from the central cavity. The waveguide is transparent and light from the bulb can leave it in any direction, subject to any reflective surfaces. Microwaves cannot leave the waveguide, which is limited at its surfaces by a Faraday cage. Typically this comprises an ITO coating (12) on a front face of the waveguide, a light reflective coating (10), typically of silver with silicon monoxide coating (13) on a rear face and a wire mesh (14), which contacts both the ITO and light reflective coatings and is grounded, the wire mesh extending around sides of the waveguide between the front and back surfaces. Light can pass through the wire mesh for collection and use.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
A bandpass filter comprises an air filled aluminum chamber having a lid and a cuboid resonant cavity having a central iris. At opposite end nodes of the cavity, perfect electric conductors (PECs) are provided. Threaded tuning projections opposite the PECs and in the iris are provided, whereby the pass band and the transmission characteristics of the filter in the pass band can be tuned to match the input impedance of the band pass filter and the wave guide to the output impedance of a microwave drive circuit. It is mounted on one end of the filter chamber, with an electrodeless bulb in a central cavity directed axially away from the chamber and the radiator in a further cavity set to one side of the central cavity. When the filter is driven, the wave guide resonates driving the bulb.
A lamp comprises a light source in the form of a light emitting resonator (1), a magnetron (2) and a stub tuner (3). A reflector (4) is fitted at the junction of the light source and the stub tuner, for directing the light in a generally collimated beam (5). The light emitting resonator comprises an enclosure (11) formed of inner and outer envelopes (12,13) of quartz. These are circular cylindrical tubes (14,15) with respective end plates (16,17). A tungsten wire mesh (18), of a mesh size to exhibit a ground plane to microwaves within the resonator, is sandwiched between the tubes and the end plates respectively. Each envelope, comprised of its tube and end plates is hermetic. An earth connection (18') extends from the mesh to the outside of the envelope. The length axially of the enclosure between the wire mesh sandwiched between the end plates is λ/2 for the operating microwave frequency. At one end of the enclosure, a molybdenum drive connection 19 extends to a tungsten disc (20). This is arranged transverse the axis A of the enclosure at 1/16 λ from the mesh at its end of the enclosure. The enclosure is filled with excitable plasma material, such as a dose of metal halide in a rare earth gas. The disc acts as antenna and is driven by the magnetron (2), via the matching circuit (3).
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
A discharge tube (1) of glass, filled with halogen / noble-gas mix, passes through a 1/2 lambda wave guide (2) of alumina at an aperture (3) 1/4 lambda from one end (4). The wave guide is silver plated to establish resonance between its opposed ends (4, 5). An antenna/probe (6) is provided in another aperture (7), driven via a matching circuit (8) from an amplifier (9). The discharge tube has a length greater than twice the thickness of the wave guide, extending from the wave guide on at least one side thereof.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
A bulb (1) of polycrystalline alumina has a main bulb tube (2) providing a bulb envelope, an end plug (3), a neck (4) and a plug (5). The plug is sealed into the neck with a frit (16). Prior to sealing a plasma charge of indium bromide and krypton is placed in the bulb.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
An electrodeless bulb (1) has a hollow quartz tube (2), with a solid stem (3) extending from one end and a short hollow tip (4) extending from the other end. The hollow interior (5) of the tube extends into the tip (4) with the same diameter as in the tube (2), but the wall thickness (6) of the tip is reduced from that (7) of the tube (2). The bulb is charged with an amount (8) of indium bromide and traces of other mejtal halides to adjust light spectrum and a filling of xenon gas.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
H01J 61/33 - Special shape of cross-section, e.g. for producing cool spot
A lamp (1) has an electrodeless bulb (2), in a bore (3) formed in a ceramic wave guide (4) having a support plate (5). The bulb has a stem (2'), which is thinner than the bulb, which engages in a bore (5') in the support plate for centring the bulb in the bore (3). For exciting the bulb, a microwave radiator (6) is provided in its bore (7) in the wave guide. The bore (3) is tapered to its axis (8), which is normal to the faces (9) of the wave guide. The taper may extend to the full thickness of the wave guide. This arrangement has been found to provide a significant increase in the amount of emitted light (10), being radiated from the bulb and wave guide couple.
H01J 65/04 - Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating
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