01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Chemicals for industrial use; inorganic chemical compounds
comprised of metal, metal oxide and ceramic nanoparticles. Manufacture of inorganic chemical compounds to the order and
specification of others; manufacture of micron, sub-micron
and nano scale materials to the order and specification of
others for use in the manufacture of other goods;
manufacture of nanoparticles to the order and specification
of others. Consulting services in the fields of chemical research;
chemical engineering; consulting services in the fields of
chemical research and development, chemical engineering and
process development, and nanoparticle design and scale-up;
chemical engineering design consultancy for nanoparticle
manufacturing processes.
2.
Edds chelated nanoceria with catalase-like activity
A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, an oxidant, water, and optionally citric acid, is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form within the reaction mixture, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Biocompatible nanoparticles comprised of cerium oxide, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, and optionally citric acid, are described. An increase in catalase-like enzyme activity is demonstrated by cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared with citric acid and ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid.
A61K 31/197 - Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
A61K 47/18 - AminesAmidesUreasQuaternary ammonium compoundsAmino acidsOligopeptides having up to five amino acids
A61K 47/12 - Carboxylic acidsSalts or anhydrides thereof
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Manufacture of inorganic chemical compounds to the order and specification of others; Manufacture of micron, sub-micron and nano scale materials to the order and specification of others for use in the manufacture of other goods; Manufacture of nanoparticles to the order and specification of others; Consulting services regarding manufacture of nanoparticles Inorganic chemical compounds comprised of metal, metal oxide and ceramic nanoparticles for industrial purposes Chemical research; Chemical engineering; Consulting services in the fields of chemical research and development, chemical engineering and chemical process development, and nanoparticle design
4.
EDDS chelated nanoceria with catalase-like activity
A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, an oxidant, water, and optionally citric acid, is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form within the reaction mixture, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Biocompatible, nanoparticles comprised of cerium oxide, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, and optionally citric acid, are described. An increase in catalase-like enzyme activity is demonstrated by cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared with citric acid and ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid.
A61K 31/197 - Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
A61K 47/18 - AminesAmidesUreasQuaternary ammonium compoundsAmino acidsOligopeptides having up to five amino acids
A61K 47/12 - Carboxylic acidsSalts or anhydrides thereof
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Manufacture of inorganic chemical compounds to the order and specification of others; Manufacture of micron and nano scale materials to the order and specification of others for use in the manufacture of other goods; manufacture of nanoparticles to the order and specification of others; consulting services in the field of nanoparticle manufacture Chemicals for industrial use; Inorganic chemical compounds for use in the manufacture of additives, antimicrobials, catalysts, ceramics, coatings, conductive inks, optics, [ pharmaceuticals, polishing agents, therapeutics; ] Inorganic nanoparticle chemical compounds for use in the manufacture of additives, antimicrobials, catalysts, ceramics, coatings, conductive inks, optics, [ pharmaceuticals, polishing agents, therapeutics; ] Oxides; Metallic oxides; Zinc oxides; Titanium oxides; Silicon oxides; Iron oxides; Nickel oxides; Zirconium oxides; Cerium oxides; Silver metal nanoparticles used in the manufacture of conductive inks [ ; Chemical slurries for polishing metals, glass, ceramics, semi-conductors, stone, plastics ] Chemical research; chemical engineering; Consulting services in the fields of chemical research and development, chemical engineering and process development
A method of making stable aqueous dispersions and concentrates of cobalt oxide nanoparticles is described, wherein a reaction mixture comprising cobalt(II) ion, a carboxylic acid, a base, an oxidant and water is formed, and in which cobalt oxide nanoparticles are formed. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles ranging in average crystallite size from about 4 nm to 15 nm are described. The cobalt oxide nanoparticles may be isolated and redispersed to form stable, homogeneous, aqueous dispersions of cobalt oxide nanoparticles containing from about 1 to about 20 weight percent cobalt oxide.
A process for making cerium-containing nanoparticles with biocompatible stabilizers is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, citric acid, a stabilizer (chelator) selected from the group consisting of nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, and an oxidant, is provided, followed by a heating step to effectively form the nanoparticles. These biocompatible nanoparticles can be used to treat oxidative stress related diseases and events, such as ischemic stroke.
A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in a predetermined ratio, an oxidant, and water is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form, without isolation, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. These biocompatible cerium oxide nanoparticles may be used to prevent and/or treat oxidative stress related diseases, such as stroke, relapse/remitting multiple sclerosis, chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and ischemic reperfusion injury.
A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, malic acid, an oxidant, and water, is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form within the reaction mixture, a stable dispersion of nanoceria particles. Biocompatible nanoparticles comprised of ceria and malic acid are described. A reduction in cell death in a murine model of ischemic stroke utilizing intact brain slices is demonstrated by a prophylactic treatment of ceria nanoparticles prepared with malic acid.
A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, an oxidant, water, and optionally citric acid, is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form within the reaction mixture, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Biocompatible nanoparticles comprised of cerium oxide, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid, and optionally citric acid, are described. An increase in catalase-like enzyme activity is demonstrated by cerium oxide nanoparticles prepared with citric acid and ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid.
A method of making stable aqueous dispersions and concentrates of cobalt oxide nanoparticles is described, wherein a reaction mixture comprising cobalt(II) ion, a carboxylic acid, a base, an oxidant and water is formed, and in which cobalt oxide nanoparticles are formed. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles ranging in average crystallite size from about 4 nm to 15 nm are described. The cobalt oxide nanoparticles may be isolated and redispersed to form stable, homogeneous, aqueous dispersions of cobalt oxide nanoparticles containing from about 1 to about 20 weight percent cobalt oxide.
Improved methods for producing colloidal dispersions of cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles in substantially non-polar solvents are disclosed. The cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles of an aqueous colloid are transferred to a substantially non-polar liquid comprising one or more amphiphilic materials, one or more low-polarity solvents, and, optionally, one or more glycol ether promoter materials. The transfer is achieved by mixing the aqueous and substantially non-polar materials, forming an emulsion, followed by a phase separation into a remnant polar solution phase and a substantially non-polar organic colloid phase. The organic colloid phase is then collected.
C10M 129/40 - Carboxylic acidsSalts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms monocarboxylic
A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in a predetermined ratio, an oxidant, and water is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form, without isolation, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. These biocompatible cerium oxide nanoparticles may be used to prevent and/or treat oxidative stress related diseases, such as stroke, relapse/remitting multiple sclerosis, chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and ischemic reperfusion injury.
A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising a metal ion, a biguanide, an oxidant, and water; optionally further comprising an alpha-amino acid or a nucleobase; is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form within the reaction mixture, a stable dispersion of metal-containing nanoparticles. Biocompatible nanoparticles comprised of cerium and a biguanide, and optionally containing an alpha-amino acid or a nucleobase, are also described. The use of metal oxide nanoparticles comprising a biguanide as a nanoparticle core/corona in the preparation of nanoscale ionic (liquid) material compositions is disclosed.
A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, malic acid, an oxidant, and water, is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form within the reaction mixture, a stable dispersion of nanoceria particles. Biocompatible nanoparticles comprised of ceria and malic acid are described. A reduction in cell death in a murine model of ischemic stroke utilizing intact brain slices is demonstrated by a prophylactic treatment of ceria nanoparticles prepared with malic acid.
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided forMaking microcapsules or microballoons
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided forMaking microcapsules or microballoons
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising a metal ion, a nucleobase, an oxidant, and water, is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form within the reaction mixture, a stable dispersion of nanoparticles. Biocompatible nanoparticles comprised of cerium or iron as the metal ion, and a purine and/or a pyrimidine as the nucleobase, are described.
A61K 47/48 - Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers, inert additives the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer drug conjugates
A61K 51/12 - Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsion, microcapsules, liposomes
19.
Chelated nanoceria for the treatment of oxidative stress
A process for making cerium-containing nanoparticles with biocompatible stabilizers is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, citric acid, a stabilizer (chelator) selected from the group consisting of nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, and an oxidant, is provided, followed by a heating step to effectively form the nanoparticles. These biocompatible nanoparticles can be used to treat oxidative stress related diseases and events, such as ischemic stroke.
A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in a predetermined ratio, an oxidant, and water is provided along with temperature conditions to directly form, without isolation, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. These biocompatible cerium oxide nanoparticles may be used to prevent and/or treat oxidative stress related diseases, such as stroke, relapse/remitting multiple sclerosis, chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and ischemic reperfusion injury.
A process for making nanoparticles of biocompatible materials is described, wherein an aqueous reaction mixture comprising cerous ion, citric acid, an oxidant, and water, is adjusted to a predetermined range of pH, held at temperature conditions to directly form, without isolation, a stable dispersion of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Dispersions of these biocompatible cerium oxide nanoparticles exhibit self-life well in excess of one year, and may be used to prevent and/or treat disease or injury, such as oxidative stress related diseases and events.
Aqueous and substantially crystalline iron oxide nanoparticle dispersions and processes for making them are disclosed. The nanoparticle size and size distribution width are advantageous for use in a fuel additive for catalytic reduction of soot combustion in diesel particulate filters. Nanoparticles of the aqueous colloid are transferred to a substantially non-polar liquid comprising a carboxylic acid and one or more low-polarity solvents. The transfer is achieved by mixing the aqueous and substantially non-polar materials, forming an emulsion, followed by a phase separation into a substantially metal-free remnant polar phase and a substantially non-polar organic colloid phase. A method for rapid and substantially complete transfer of non-agglomerated nanoparticles to the low polarity phase in the presence of an organic amine, and a rapid phase separation of the substantially non-polar colloid from a remnant aqueous phase, are provided.
C10L 10/06 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided forMaking microcapsules or microballoons
Aqueous and substantially crystalline iron oxide nanoparticle dispersions and processes for making them are disclosed. The nanoparticle size and size distribution width are advantageous for use in a fuel additive for catalytic reduction of soot combustion in diesel particulate filters. Nanoparticles of the aqueous colloid are transferred to a substantially non-polar liquid comprising a carboxylic acid and one or more low-polarity solvents. The transfer is achieved by mixing the aqueous and substantially non-polar materials, forming an emulsion, followed by a phase separation into a substantially metal-free remnant polar phase and a substantially non-polar organic colloid phase. A method for rapid and substantially complete transfer of non-agglomerated nanoparticles to the low polarity phase in the presence of an organic amine, and a rapid phase separation of the substantially non-polar colloid from a remnant aqueous phase, are provided.
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided forMaking microcapsules or microballoons
B01J 13/08 - Simple coacervation, i.e. addition of highly hydrophilic material
A method of improving the efficiency of a diesel engine provided with a source of diesel fuel includes the steps of: a) adding to the diesel fuel a reverse-micellar composition having an aqueous first disperse phase that includes a free radical initiator and a first continuous phase that includes a first hydrocarbon liquid, a first surfactant, and optionally a co-surfactant, thereby producing a modified diesel fuel, and b) operating the engine, thereby combusting the modified diesel fuel. The efficiency of a diesel engine provided with a source of diesel fuel and a source of lubricating oil can also be improved by modifying the lubricating oil by the addition of a stabilized nanoparticulate composition of cerium dioxide. The efficiency of a diesel engine can also be improved by adding to the diesel fuel a reverse-micellar composition that includes an aqueous disperse phase containing boric acid or a borate salt.
B01J 23/10 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of rare earths
B01F 3/08 - Mixing, e.g. dispersing, emulsifying, according to the phases to be mixed liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
B01F 7/16 - Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a vertical axis
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided forMaking microcapsules or microballoons
C10L 10/02 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
C10L 10/08 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricityUse of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing wear
C10L 10/12 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the cetane number
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
An improved process for producing substantially non-polar doped or un-doped cerium oxide nanoparticle dispersions is disclosed. The cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles of an aqueous colloid are transferred to a substantially non-polar liquid comprising one or more amphiphilic materials, one or more low-polarity solvents, and one or more glycol ether promoter materials. The transfer is achieved by mixing the aqueous and substantially non-polar materials, forming an emulsion, followed by a phase separation into a remnant polar solution phase and a substantially non-polar organic colloid phase. The organic colloid phase is then collected. The promoter functions to speed the transfer of nanoparticles to the low-polarity phase. The promoter accelerates the phase separation, and also provides improved colloidal stability of the final substantially non-polar colloidal dispersion. Importantly, the glycol ether promoter reduces the temperature necessary to achieve the phase separation, while providing high extraction yield of nanoparticles into the low-polarity organic phase.
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided forMaking microcapsules or microballoons
26.
RAPID METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF CERIUM-CONTAINING OXIDE ORGANIC COLLOIDS
A rapid process for producing substantially non-polar cerium and iron containing oxide nanoparticle dispersions is disclosed. The nanoparticles of an acidic aqueous colloid are transferred to a substantially non-polar liquid comprising a carboxylic acid. The transfer is achieved by mixing the aqueous and substantially non-polar liquid comprising particular carboxylic acids, forming an emulsion, optionally adding a low-polarity or non-polar solvent, followed by a phase separation into a remnant polar solution phase and a substantially non- polar organic colloid phase. The organic colloid phase is then collected. The carboxylic acid causes rapid and substantially complete transfer of nanoparticles to the low polarity phase with phase separation of the substantially non-polar colloid from the remnant aqueous phase. It also provides excellent colloidal stability of the final substantially non-polar colloidal dispersion. Importantly, the carboxylic acid reduces the temperature necessary to achieve the rapid phase separation, while providing high extraction yield of nanoparticles into the substantially non- polar organic phase.
An improved process for producing substantially non-polar doped or un-doped cerium oxide nanoparticle dispersions is disclosed. The cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles of an aqueous colloid are transferred to a substantially non-polar liquid comprising one or more amphiphilic materials, one or more low-polarity solvents, and one or more glycol ether promoter materials. The transfer is achieved by mixing the aqueous and substantially non-polar materials, forming an emulsion, followed by a phase separation into a remnant polar solution phase and a substantially non-polar organic colloid phase. The organic colloid phase is then collected. The promoter functions to speed the transfer of nanoparticles to the low-polarity phase. The promoter accelerates the phase separation, and also provides improved colloidal stability of the final substantially non-polar colloidal dispersion. Importantly, the glycol ether promoter reduces the temperature necessary to achieve the phase separation, while providing high extraction yield of nanoparticles into the low-polarity organic phase.
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided forMaking microcapsules or microballoons
28.
Structured catalytic nanoparticles and method of preparation
A method of making a structured, doped, cerium oxide nanoparticle includes (a) forming a first reaction mixture including cerium(III), an optional metal ion other than cerium, a base, a stabilizer, and a solvent, (b) contacting the first reaction mixture with an oxidant, (c) forming a cerium oxide nanoparticle core by heating the product of step (b), (d) forming a second reaction mixture by combining with the first reaction mixture one or more metal ions other than cerium, and an optional additional quantity of cerium(III), and (e) forming a shell surrounding the core of cerium oxide by heating the second reaction mixture to produce a product dispersion of structured cerium oxide nanoparticles.
B01J 23/10 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of rare earths
B01J 23/00 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group
B01J 23/83 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with rare earths or actinides
B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
2, wherein “x” has a value from about 0.3 to about 0.8. The nanoparticles thus obtained have a cubic fluorite structure, a mean hydrodynamic diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 10 nm, and a geometric diameter of less than about 4 nm. The transition metal-containing crystalline cerium dioxide nanoparticles can be used to prepare a dispersion of the particles in a nonpolar medium.
C10M 177/00 - Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositionsChemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
B01J 23/10 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of rare earths
B01J 23/83 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups with rare earths or actinides
B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
30.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING CERIUM - CONTAINING NANOPARTICLES
A process for making cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles includes providing an aqueous reaction mixture containing a source of cerous ion, optionally a source of one or more metal ions (M) other than cerium, a source of hydroxide ion, at least one monoether carboxylic acid nanoparticle stabilizer wherein the molar ratio of said monoether carboxylic acid nanoparticle stabilizers to total metal ions is greater than 0.2, and an oxidant at an initial temperature in the range of about 20.degree.C to about 100.degree.C. Temperature conditions are provided effective to enable oxidation of cerous ion to ceric ion, thereby forming a product dispersion of cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles, optionally containing one or more metal ions (M), Ce1-x M x O2-.delta., wherein "x" has a value from about 0.0 to about 0.95. The nanoparticles may have a mean hydrodynamic diameter from about 1 nm to about 50 nm, and a geometric diameter of less than about 45 nm.
A method for forming a structured doped cerium oxide nanoparticle including the steps of forming a first aqueous cerium(lll) reaction mixture, with optional metal/s other than cerium, a base, and a stabilizer; introducing an oxidant to singly oxidize cerium (III), followed by thermal formation of a doped cerium oxide nanoparticle core; then providing a second reaction mixture of one or more metal ions other than cerium, and optionally cerium (III) ions and sufficient cerium (III) oxidant, followed by thermally converting the mixture into a shell around the doped cerium oxide nanoparticle core, wherein the ratio of metal ions in the core differs from the ratio of metal ions in the shell. The disclosed structured doped cerium oxide nanoparticle may exhibit cubic fluorite crystal structure and possess a diameter in the range 1 nm-20 nm. A dispersion of the developed nanoparticle may be used as a fuel additive.
A method of making cerium dioxide nanoparticles includes: a) providing an aqueous reaction mixture having a source of cerous ion, a source of hydroxide ion, a nanoparticle stabilizer, and an oxidant at an initial temperature no higher than about 20° C.; b) mechanically shearing the mixture and causing it to pass through a perforated screen, thereby forming a suspension of cerium hydroxide nanoparticles; and c) raising the initial temperature to achieve oxidation of cerous ion to eerie ion and thereby form cerium dioxide nanoparticles having a mean diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 15 nm. The cerium dioxide nanoparticles may be formed in a continuous process.
B01J 23/10 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of rare earths
B01F 3/08 - Mixing, e.g. dispersing, emulsifying, according to the phases to be mixed liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
B01F 7/16 - Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a vertical axis
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided forMaking microcapsules or microballoons
C10L 10/02 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
C10L 10/08 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricityUse of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing wear
C10L 10/12 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the cetane number
B82Y 30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
A process for replacing the continuous phase of a nanoparticle dispersion with a less polar phase, includes filtering the dispersion through a semi-permeable membrane filter to remove the continuous phase, and introducing a less polar phase.
B01D 61/00 - Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltrationApparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
B01F 17/00 - Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
C01B 13/14 - Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general
The efficiency of a diesel engine provided with a source of diesel fuel and a source of lubricating oil can be improved by modifying the lubricating oil by the addition of a stabilized nanoparticulate composition of cerium dioxide. There is provided a method of making a suspension of cerium dioxide nanoparticles comprising the steps of: a. providing an aqueous reaction mixture comprising a source of cerous ions, a source of hydroxide ion, at least one nanoparticle stabilizer, and an oxidantat a temperature effective to generate small nuclei size and to oxidize cerous ion to ceric ion; and b. subjecting the reaction mixture to mechanical shearing, thereby forming a suspension of cerium dioxide nanoparticles haying a mean hydrodynamic diameter ranging from 2 nm to 15 nm. The at least one nanoparticle stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of alkoxysubstituted carboxylic acids, .alpha.-hydroxyl carboxylic acids, pyruvic acid, and polyacids.
C09C 1/00 - Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers Preparation of carbon black
C10L 10/02 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
C10L 10/08 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricityUse of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing wear
C10M 125/10 - Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
