22 capture processes and systems can be improved by recovering thermal energy from particular streams for reuse in the stripping stage. Thermal energy can be recovered from the overhead gas stream of a stripper operated under vacuum pressure conditions, and thermal energy can also be recovered from a flue gas. A heat transfer circuit can be implemented for recovering thermal energy by indirect heat transfer from the overhead gas stream, a flue gas stream, and/or other streams to a heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer circuit can include multiple heat recovery loops arranged in parallel and the heated fluid can be supplied through a reboiler of the stripper to heat the solution in the reboiler.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
F23J 15/00 - Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
The present description relates to recombinant or engineered carbonic anhydrase polypeptides, variants, and functional derivatives thereof, having improved properties that make them advantageous for use in CO2 capture operations (e.g., CO2 capture solvents, alkaline pH, and/or elevated temperatures), as well as polynucleotides and vectors encoding same. The present description also relates to methods, processes and systems for CO2 capture which make use of the recombinant or engineered carbonic anhydrase polypeptides, variants, and functional derivatives thereof.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
B01J 8/38 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation
Intensification techniques are described for enhancing biocatalytic CO2 absorption operations, and may include the use of a rotating packed bed, a rotating disc reactor, a zig-zag reactor or other reactors that utilize process intensification. Carbonic anhydrase can be deployed in the high intensity reactor free in solution, immobilized with respect to particles that flow with the liquid, and/or immobilized to internals, such as packing, that are fixed within the high intensity reactor.
The present invention generally relates to processes for the capture of carbon dioxide from gases that are produced by various industrial processes including the capture of CO2 from flue gases after the combustion of carbon-based fuels. Specifically, the processes relate to processes using systems comprising a biocatalyst recovery system.
Methods for enzyme-enhanced CO2 capture include contacting a CO2 -containing gas with an aqueous absorption solution at process conditions–such as high temperature, high pH, and/or using carbonate-based solutions–in the presence of Thermovibrio ammonificans carbonic anhydrase (TACA) or functional derivative thereof for catalyzing the hydration reaction of CO2 into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions and/or catalyzing the desorption reaction to produce a CO2 gas. The TACA may be provided to flow with the solution to cycle through a CO2 capture system that includes an absorber and a stripper.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
Use of Sulfuhhydrogenibium sp. carbonic anhydrase (SspCA) or mutants thereof for catalyzing the hydration reaction of CO2 into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions or catalyzing the desorption reaction to produce a CO2 gas.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
B01D 53/34 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
A method for obtaining surface modified carbonic anhydrases having improved activity and/or stability is provided. The method comprises modifying surface functional groups of a carbonic anhydrase having an initial surface charge by reaction with a reagent while varying a predetermined reaction parameter, whereby the reaction allows obtaining a set of modified carbonic anhydrases with respective surface charges different than the initial surface charge; testing the stability and/or activity of the modified carbonic anhydrases; and identifying modified carbonic anhydrases having improved stability and/or activity. The method may also 10 comprise surface modifying a plurality of different carbonic anhydrases in the presence of at least one reagent; testing the stability and/or activity of resulting modified carbonic anhydrases; and identifying the modified carbonic anhydrases having improved stability and/or activity. A surface modified carbonic anhydrase having improved stability and/or activity is also provided. The modified carbonic anhydrase is useful biocatalyst for CO 2 hydration or desorption.
C12P 3/00 - Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide
C12Q 1/527 - Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganismsCompositions thereforProcesses of preparing such compositions involving lyase
10.
BAUXITE RESIDUE NEUTRALISATION WITH ENZYMATICALLY ENHANCED GAS CAPTURE
Processes and system for neutralisation of a bauxite residue, including contacting a CO2-containing gas derived from a smelter, a refinery or a plant in an aluminum manufacturing operation, with an aqueous absorption solution, in the presence of carbonic anhydrase, to promote the hydration reaction of CO2 into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions and produce a CO2-depleted gas and an ion-rich solution; and contacting the ion-rich solution with the bauxite residue to produce a neutralised bauxite stream and an ion-depleted solution. The ion-rich solution may also be subjected to desorption for promoting release of the bicarbonate ions from the ion- rich solution and producing a CO2 gas stream and an ion-depleted solution. The CO2 gas stream may then be injected into the bauxite residue to produce a neutralised bauxite stream.
A62D 3/30 - Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
Methods and processes for stabilizing a ground slag produced from a steelmaking operation. Optionally, a CO2-containing gas may be contacted with a an aqueous absorption solution in presence of a biocatalyst, in a reactor, for enzymatically catalyzing a hydration reaction of dissolved CO2 into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions to produce an ion loaded solution and a CO2 lean gas. The ion loaded solution is then contacted with the ground slag to produce CaCO3, MgCO3, a stabilized slag depleted in CaO and MgO, and an alkaline liquor comprising carbonate ions CO32-. Alternatively, the ground slag may be contacted with water to leach CaO and MgO and produce a slurry containing Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2, which is contacted with the ion loaded solution to produce CaCO3 and MgCO3 and the stabilized slag depleted in CaO and MgO.
Various enzyme-enhanced CO2 capture techniques are described. In some implementations, a process for CO2 capture includes absorption and desorption stages, and a separation stage for removing at least a portion of the enzymes from the ion loaded solution. The enzyme-depleted solution is supplied to desorption, while the enzyme-enriched solution is recycled back into the absorption stage. A filtration membrane may be used for the separation stage. In some scenarios, the separation may provide the enzyme enriched solution with sufficient fluidity for liquid transport through a conduit back into the absorption stage. The separation may be conducted in accordance with a selected absorption compound, such as an amino or carbonate compound, such that the recycle flow of the enzyme-enriched solution is sufficiently low so that the enzyme-enhanced CO2 capture system maintains energy efficiency. Other techniques related to enzyme separation are described and can further improve CO2 capture.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
A method for CO2 capture may include operating a packed reactor comprising a reaction chamber containing packing including immobilized enzymes, by contacting a CO2 containing gas with a liquid solution in the reaction chamber to produce an ion-loaded solution and a CO2 depleted gas by an enzymatically catalyzed hydration reaction; monitoring enzyme activity of the immobilized enzymes; at a low enzyme activity threshold (i) stopping operation in the packed reactor, and (ii) replenishing the enzymatic activity by providing an enzyme replenishing solution into the packed reactor to contact the packing and provide a replenishing amount of the immobilized enzymes; and recommencing operation in the packed reactor for CO2 capture using the replenished immobilized enzymes. A corresponding system may include a packed reactor and an in situ enzyme supply device for supplying active enzyme within the reactor. The enzyme supply device may include spray nozzles with various configurations.
C12M 1/36 - Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology including condition or time responsive control, e.g. automatically controlled fermentors
C12M 1/40 - Apparatus specially designed for the use of free, immobilised, or carrier-bound enzymes, e.g. apparatus containing a fluidised bed of immobilised enzymes
C12N 11/00 - Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymesCarrier-bound or immobilised microbial cellsPreparation thereof
C12Q 3/00 - Condition-responsive control processes
Techniques for treating CO2 containing gas include contacting the gas with an aqueous absorption solution including carbonic anhydrase as well as an absorption compound, which may be a tertiary amino compound for enzymatically enhanced flux of CO2. The absorption compound may include MDEA, TEA, DEMEA, DMMEA, TIPA or DMgly, for example. The techniques may provide concentrations to enhance the enzymatic catalysis and inhibit viscosifying of the absorption solution or enzyme denaturing that would lower the overall CO2 absorption rate. The absorption may be conducted at a temperature between about 0° C and about 80 °C, for example. Processes, uses and formulations are provided for enhanced CO2 capture.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
15.
CO2 CAPTURE USING LOW CONCENTRATION AMMONIA BASED ABSORPTION SOLUTIONS IN PRESENCE OF ENZYMES
Methods and processes related to C02 capture with low concentration ammonia base absorption solutions. Operating conditions may be determined so as to operate within an operation window enabling a maximal range of the C02 capture; and the ammonia based absorption solution may be enhanced by adding at least one enzyme or analogues thereof for accelerating the hydration of C02 from the C02 containing-gas into the absorption solution for reducing the size of the C02 capture equipment within the operation window for example. Operating conditions may include a C02 partial pressure in the absorption solution, an absorption temperature, a lean C02 liquid loading range of the absorption solution, an ammonia concentration range in the absorption solution and an absorption solution flow rate. Processes and methods may include selecting the absorption solution flow rate in accordance with a maximum rich C02 liquid loading of the absorption solution.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
An enzymatic process for production of a bicarbonate compound is provided. The process comprises contacting an aqueous solution including a dissolved carbonate with a CO2-containing gas in the presence of carbonic anhydrase or an analogue thereof to produce a bicarbonate loaded stream; separating the carbonic anhydrase or analogue thereof from the bicarbonate loaded stream; and converting the bicarbonate loaded stream into precipitated bicarbonate and a bicarbonate depleted stream, the precipitated bicarbonate including the bicarbonate compound. The bicarbonate compound may be sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, ammonium bicarbonate or cesium bicarbonate.
A method, process, apparatus, use and formulation for dual biocatalytic conversion of CO2 containing gas into carbon containing bio-products by enzymatic hydration of CO2 into bicarbonate ions in the presence of carbonic anhydrase and metabolic conversion of the bicarbonate ions into carbon containing bio-products in a biological culture. The dual biocatalytic conversion may be relatively constant with controlling a feeding of the bicarbonate ions to the biological culture in accordance with demands of the biological culture by retaining over-production of bicarbonate ions and feeding part of the over-production to the biological culture in accordance with nutrient demands of the biological culture. Bicarbonate ions may also be reconverted to generate a pure CO2 gas stream. The CO2 containing gas may be derived from operations of a power plant which receives a carbon-containing fuel for combustion, and the biological culture may be an algae culture.
C12P 1/00 - Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups , by using microorganisms or enzymesGeneral processes for the preparation of compounds or compositions by using microorganisms or enzymes
The method for CO2 capture includes operating a CO2 capture system with a large temperature swing in between the absorption stage and the desorption stage; utilizing a hybrid solvent comprising water, carbonic anhydrase and an absorption compound in the absorption stage; membrane filtering the carbonic anhydrase out of the hybrid solvent in between the absorption stage and the desorption stage and prior to the large temperature swing; and recycling the filtered carbonic anhydrase back into the absorption stage to maintain high enzyme concentration in the absorption stage.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
B01D 53/96 - Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
19.
ENHANCED ENZYMATIC CO2 CAPTURE TECHNIQUES ACCORDING TO SOLUTION PKA, TEMPERATURE AND/OR ENZYME CHARACTER
Techniques related to enhancement of CO2 absorption use selection of an enzyme coordinated with selection of an absorption solution having a pKa to enhance or maximize the CO2 capture rate. The techniques may use various relationships between process variables such as temperature, concentration, and so on, in order to provide efficient CO2 capture.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
Techniques for absorbing or desorbing CO2 include sizing enzymatic particles in accordance with the reactive liquid film thickness (δrf) of the reaction medium to increase enzymatic catalysis of the CO2hydration or dehydration reaction. Absorption may include contacting a CO2 containing gas with an aqueous absorption mixture and determining (δrf)of the C2O2 hydration reaction, wherein (δrf) = (δι)/ Ha where Ha2 = (k1.Dco2/(kL)2, Ha > 2 and k1 = k2Cab, k2 being the CO2 hydration kinetic constant in the mixture and Cab being the concentration of the absorption compound. The mixture may be under conditions that provide(δrf) that is smaller than the liquid film thickness (δι) through which mass transfer of the CO2occurs. The size ratio of the enzymatic particles and(δrf) enhances enzymatic catalysis. Various implementations including processes, systems, formulations and kits are provided.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
An enzyme-catalyzed desorption process for releasing C02 gas from an ion-rich solution containing bicarbonate ions includes providing carbonic anhydrase in the ion-rich solution such that in a desorption unit the carbonic anhydrase is allowed to flow with the ion-rich solution while promoting conversion of the bicarbonate ions into C02 gas and generating an ion-depleted solution and releasing the C02 gas and the ion-depleted solution from the desorption unit. A C02 capture process includes contacting a C02-containing gas with a solution in an absorption unit, to convert C02 into ions; feeding an ion-rich solution to a desorption unit wherein carbonic anhydrase is present within the ion-rich solution to generate an ion-depleted solution and, preferably, recycling the ion-depleted solution. Methods of decreasing the C02 desorption temperature in a desorption unit, decreasing the C02 desorption reactor size, and decreasing the C02 desorption energy input in a desorption unit, are also described.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
B01D 53/73 - After-treatment of removed components
An enzymatic process and bioreactor use elongated structures to enhance CO2 capture treatments. The enzymatic process and bioreactor treat a fluid by catalyzing reaction (I) with carbonic anhydrase, CO2 + H2O ⇔ HCO-3 + H+ (|) by feeding the fluid into a reaction zone wherein a plurality of elongated structures extend through the reaction zone. Each elongated structure supports a flowing liquid layer comprising droplets. Reaction (I) occurs within the flowing liquid layer in the presence of the carbonic anhydrase, to produce a gas stream and a liquid stream which are released. The process and bioreactor can be used in an absorption, desorption or combined treatment context.
C12M 1/40 - Apparatus specially designed for the use of free, immobilised, or carrier-bound enzymes, e.g. apparatus containing a fluidised bed of immobilised enzymes
A process for capturing CO2 includes contacting a C02-containing gas with an absorption mixture optionally within a packed reactor. The absorption mixture includes a liquid solution and micro-particles. The micro-particles include a support material and biocatalyst supported by the support material and are sized and provided in a concentration such that the absorption mixture flows through the packed reactor and that the micro-particles are carried with the liquid solution to promote dissolution and transformation of CO2 into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The absorption mixture and micro-particles may be provided in an absorption reactor so as to be pumpable. Furthermore, a process for desorbing CO2 gas from an ion-rich aqueous mixture includes providing biocatalytic micro-particles and feeding the mixture to a desorption reactor, to promote transformation of the bicarbonate and hydrogen ions into CO2 gas and water.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
24.
FORMULATION AND PROCESS FOR CO2 CAPTURE USING CARBONATES AND BIOCATALYSTS
A formulation and process for capturing CO2 use an absorption mixture containing water, biocatalysts and a carbonate compound. The process includes contacting a CO2- containing gas with the absorption mixture to enable dissolution and transformation of CO2 into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, thereby producing a CO2-depleted gas and an ion-rich solution, followed by subjecting the ion-rich solution to desorption. The biocatalyst improves absorption of the mixture comprising carbonate compounds and the carbonate compound promotes release of the bicarbonate ions from the ion-rich solution during desorption, producing a CO2 gas stream and an ion-depleted solution.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
A formulation and a process for CO2 capture, where a CO2-containing gas in contacted with water, biocatalyst and an amino acid compound, enabling the dissolution and transformation of the CO2 into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions, producing an ion-rich solution and a CO2-depleted gas. The amino acids may present slow absorption kinetics and having elevated stability such that absorption is enhanced in combination with the biocatalyst. The amino acid compound and the biocatalyst may be selected such that the active sites of the biocatalyst benefit from proton removal facilitated by the amino acid compounds, thus improving the CO2 absorption.
B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
patents