Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric structural building panels and methods; sized, configured for fabrication of non-portable wall structures permanently fixed to natural base. The panel main body, and studs, can be fabricated separately, then assembled to each other to complete panel fabrication. Methods for making the main body are hand lay-up, or pultrusion. Studs are typically pultruded, and subsequently prepared having consistent thickness, flat surface, across the width of the stud end wall which is to be mounted to the main body. Foam blocks are between inner and outer layers of the panel. Foam blocks can be prepared in block clusters before assembly to the main body. In the main body, a fibrous layer is between each pair of next adjacent foam blocks. Intercostals extend “y” and “z” dimensions transverse to the length of the main body. Studs can be mounted to the main body using adhesive, mechanical fasteners, or both.
E04C 2/40 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of a number of smaller components rigidly or movably connected together, e.g. interlocking, hingedly connected
E04C 2/38 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
2.
Structural building panels and panel components, panel assemblies, methods of making, and methods of using
Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric structural building panels and methods; sized, configured for fabrication of non-portable wall structures permanently fixed to natural base. The panel main body, and studs, can be fabricated separately, then assembled to each other to complete panel fabrication. Methods for making the main body are hand lay-up, or pultrusion. Studs are typically pultruded, and subsequently prepared having consistent thickness, flat surface, across the width of the stud end wall which is to be mounted to the main body. Foam blocks are between inner and outer layers of the panel. Foam blocks can be prepared in block clusters before assembly to the main body. In the main body, a fibrous layer is between each pair of next adjacent foam blocks. Intercostals extend “y” and “z” dimensions transverse to the length of the main body. Studs can be mounted to the main body using adhesive, mechanical fasteners, or both.
E04C 1/00 - Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
E04C 2/38 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
E04C 2/296 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
E04B 2/00 - Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildingsWall construction with regard to insulationConnections specially adapted to walls
B32B 7/12 - Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
B32B 7/08 - Interconnection of layers by mechanical means
B32B 5/18 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by features of a layer containing foamed or specifically porous material
B32B 3/18 - Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. apertured or formed of separate pieces of material characterised by an internal layer formed of separate pieces of material
B32B 27/06 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer next to another layer of a specific substance
E04B 2/70 - Walls of framework or pillarworkWalls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
3.
STRUCTURAL BUILDING PANELS AND PANEL COMPONENTS, PANEL ASSEMBLIES, METHODS OF MAKING, AND METHODS OF USING
Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric structural building panels and methods; sized, configured for fabrication of non-portable wall structures permanently fixed to natural base. The panel main body, and studs, can be fabricated separately, then assembled to each other to complete panel fabrication. Methods for making the main body are hand lay-up, or pultrusion. Studs are typically pultruded, and subsequently prepared having consistent thickness, flat surface, across the width of the stud end wall which is to be mounted to the main body. Foam blocks are between inner and outer layers of the panel. Foam blocks can be prepared in block clusters before assembly to the main body. In the main body, a fibrous layer is between each pair of next adjacent foam blocks. Intercostals extend "y" and "z" dimensions transverse to the length of the main body. Studs can be mounted to the main body using adhesive, mechanical fasteners, or both.
B32B 3/14 - Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. apertured or formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a face layer formed of separate pieces of material
B32B 5/26 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer also being fibrous or filamentary
B32B 5/28 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
B32B 37/00 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
E04C 2/02 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
E04C 2/24 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , ,
4.
Building panel assemblies and methods of use in wall structures
Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) structural building panels and panel assemblies, sized and configured for construction of non-portable wall structures permanently fixed to the ground. Fibers in the panel are typically oriented within 15 degrees of a top-to-bottom, e.g. axial, direction in the panel providing, in part, enhanced top-to-bottom crush strength of a panel/wall. The panels typically have a bias to deflect toward the surface of the panel which faces outwardly of the building, toward the backfill soil which faces the panel on the outside the building. Panels of the invention typically have mass of no more than 18 pounds per foot height per linear foot length of the building panel, and vertical crush resistance capacity of at least 2000 pounds per linear foot length of the building panel, using a safety factor of 3.
E04B 1/12 - Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of other material
E04C 2/32 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like materialBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
B29C 70/86 - Incorporating in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers
B29D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
B29C 70/08 - Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, with or without non-reinforced layers
E02D 27/02 - Flat foundations without substantial excavation
E04B 1/00 - Constructions in generalStructures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
E04B 1/14 - Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
E04C 2/24 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , ,
E04C 2/296 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
E04C 2/38 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
E04C 2/34 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
E04C 2/20 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products of plastics
E04B 2/56 - Walls of framework or pillarworkWalls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
E04C 2/36 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels
B29K 675/00 - Use of polyureas or polyurethanes for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
B29L 31/10 - Building elements, e.g. bricks, blocks, tiles, panels, posts, beams
B29C 47/00 - Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor (extrusion blow-moulding B29C 49/04)
5.
BUILDING PANEL ASSEMBLIES AND METHODS OF USE IN WALL STRUCTURES
Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) structural building panels and panel assemblies, sized and configured for construction of non-portable wall structures permanently fixed to the ground. Fibers in the panel are typically oriented within 15 degrees of a top-to-bottom, e.g. axial, direction in the panel providing, in part, enhanced top-to-bottom crush strength of a panel/wall. The panels typically have a bias to deflect toward the surface of the panel which faces outwardly of the building, toward the backfill soil which faces the panel on the outside the building. Panels of the invention typically have mass of no more than 18 pounds per foot height per linear foot length of the building panel, and vertical crush resistance capacity of at least 2000 pounds per linear foot length of the building panel, using a safety factor of 3.
E04C 2/18 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like with binding wires, reinforcing bars, or the like
Construction materials, namely composite panels consisting primarily of fiber-reinforced polymeric layers and thermally-insulating cores as well as panels with hollow cores; Wall systems consisting of composite panel walls made with composite panels and connectors, such as "H" connectors and corner connectors, for joining such composite panels to make such composite panel walls, the composite panels comprising primarily fiber-reinforced polymeric layers and thermally-insulating cores as well as panels with hollow cores
Construction materials, namely composite panels consisting primarily of fiber-reinforced polymeric layers and thermally insulating cores as well as panels with hollow cores; Wall systems consisting of composite panel walls made with composite panels and connectors, such as "H" connectors and corner connectors, for joining such composite panels to make such composite panel walls, the composite panels comprising primarily fiber-reinforced polymeric layers and thermally-insulating cores as well as panels with hollow cores
8.
Footer, footer elements, and buildings, and methods of forming same
Footer products, and footers made with such products. Such product includes an insulating member between its upper and lower surfaces. The upper surface receives a load. The interior transfers the load from the upper surface to the lower surface, and distributes the load laterally and longitudinally such that the load received at the lower surface is within the load-bearing capacity of underlying soil. The product provides a thermal shock barrier between underlying soil and the interior of the building. The insulating member can comprise the entirety of the product, or can be combined with top and/or bottom load distributing layers, or can be combined with intercostals which extend top-to-bottom through the foam. Such footers are useful in constructing structures which use footers to spread the overlying load onto a greater surface area of the underlying soil than the cross-section area of the structure which presents the load to the footer.
E02D 31/00 - Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structuresGround foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
9.
FOOTER, FOOTER ELEMENTS, AND BUILDINGS, AND METHODS OF FORMING SAME
Footer products, and footers made with such products. Such product includes an insulating member between its upper and lower surfaces. The upper surface receives a load. The interior transfers the load from the upper surface to the lower surface, and distributes the load laterally and longitudinally such that the load received at the lower surface is within the load-bearing capacity of underlying soil. The product provides a thermal shock barrier between underlying soil and the interior of the building. The insulating member can comprise the entirety of the product, or can be combined with top and/or bottom load distributing layers, or can be combined with intercostals which extend top-to-bottom through the foam. Such footers are useful in constructing structures which use footers to spread the overlying load onto a greater surface area of the underlying soil than the cross-section area of the structure which presents the load to the footer.
Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) structural building panels and panel assemblies, sized and configured for construction of non-portable wall structures permanently fixed to the ground, optionally tying overlying structure to an underlying footer through such panels and panel assemblies. Fiber schedule and fiber orientation in the panels provide enhanced properties of the panels. Fibers are typically oriented within 15 degrees of a top-to-bottom direction in the panel providing, in part, enhanced top-to-bottom crush strength of a panel/wall per length dimension related to mass of the panel/wall per unit length and/or limited deflection of the panel/wall. Panels of the invention also have a bias to deflect toward the surface of the panel which faces outwardly of the building, toward the backfill soil which faces the panel, outside the building.
E04C 2/34 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
E04C 2/24 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , ,
E04C 2/38 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
E04C 2/32 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like materialBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
E02D 27/02 - Flat foundations without substantial excavation
E04B 1/00 - Constructions in generalStructures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
B29D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
B29C 70/86 - Incorporating in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers
E04B 1/14 - Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
E04C 2/296 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
B29C 70/08 - Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, with or without non-reinforced layers
B29K 675/00 - Use of polyureas or polyurethanes for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
E04B 2/56 - Walls of framework or pillarworkWalls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
B29L 31/10 - Building elements, e.g. bricks, blocks, tiles, panels, posts, beams
Wall panels and building walls, comprising inner and outer layers, and spaced reinforcing webs extending between the inner and outer layers. Optionally studs extend inwardly from the inner layer away from the outer layer with one of the stud legs on each stud being aligned with one of the reinforcing webs, or the building load delivered to an underlying footer varies less than 50% per 10 foot length of the wall, or height of the wall varies no more than 0.25 inch over a 40 foot length of the wall. The resulting wall panel can provide tough, water-proof, otherwise weather-proof, building systems and buildings.
E04C 2/34 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
A structural construction panel (10) of the invention has an outer fiber-reinforced polymeric layer (12), and an inner fiber-reinforced polymeric layer (18). Thermally insulating foam (21) generally occupies space which is not otherwise occupied between the inner (18) and outer (12) layers. A fire-rated capacity is provided by a fire-rated board (26), rated to pass at least a 15-minute corner fire test, incorporated as part of the finally-completed panel (10). Such fire-rated board (26) can be foam-based, or non- foam-based. The fire-rated board (26) product, whether a foam-based product or a non- foam-based product, can be enclosed in the panel (10) between the inner (18) and outer (12) layers. Where the board (26) is non-foam-based, the fire-rated board (26) can be disposed, as part of the panel (10), as one or both outer surfaces of the panel structure (10), optionally between studs (28) which protrude from the inner layer (18).
E04B 1/90 - Insulating elements for both heat and sound slab-shaped
E04C 2/24 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , ,
E04C 2/296 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
E04B 1/94 - Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) structural building panels and panel assemblies, sized and configured for construction of wall structures permanently tied to the ground, optionally tying overlying structure to an underlying footer through such panels and panel assemblies. Footers are fabricated by flowing fluid concrete under segments of the wall while anchors extend down from the wall into the space into which concrete is being flowed. Fiber schedule and orientation in the panels provide enhanced properties of strength of a panel/wall per unit dimension relative to FRP layer thickness and/or mass of the panel/wall per unit dimension. Panel profiles as molded, and molds to make such profiles, enhance panel fabrication.
E02D 27/02 - Flat foundations without substantial excavation
E04B 2/00 - Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildingsWall construction with regard to insulationConnections specially adapted to walls
E04C 2/20 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products of plastics
E04C 2/24 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , ,
E04C 2/296 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
E04C 2/38 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
E04C 3/29 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms built-up from parts of different materials
Fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) load-bearing building panels sized and configured for construction of wall structures. A given panel has an outer FRP layer, an inner FRP layer, and one or more blocks of foam between the inner layer and the outer layer. A plurality of studs interface with the inner layer and extend away from the outer layer. At least one fibrous layer extends across the inwardly-facingsurface of a given stud substrate and along first and second side surfaces of the stud substrate, optionally extending across an outwardly-facing surface of the stud substrate. Optional flow control sublayers are provided to facilitate flow of liquid resin during panel fabrication. Optional fiber orientation in respective ones of the FRP layers provides enhanced properties of strength to a given panel/wall.
E04B 2/00 - Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildingsWall construction with regard to insulationConnections specially adapted to walls
E04C 2/20 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products of plastics
E04C 2/24 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , ,
E04C 2/296 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) structural building panels sized and configured for construction of wall structures permanently tied to the ground. Fiber schedule and orientation in the panels provide enhanced properties of strength of a panel/wall per unit dimension relative to FRP layer thickness and/or mass of the panel/wall per unit dimension. Flow control layers in the fiber schedule, optionally in blocks of foam, facilitate flow of resin throughout the length and height of the panel during panel fabrication.
B32B 5/18 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by features of a layer containing foamed or specifically porous material
B32B 5/26 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer also being fibrous or filamentary
B32B 5/28 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
B32B 27/04 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin as impregnant, bonding, or embedding substance
E04B 2/00 - Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildingsWall construction with regard to insulationConnections specially adapted to walls
E04C 2/22 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products of plastics reinforced
E04C 2/288 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
E04C 2/296 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
E04C 2/30 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
E04C 3/29 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms built-up from parts of different materials
16.
STUD, AND FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERIC BUILDING PANEL INCLUDING SUCH STUD
Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) structural building panels, sized and configured for construction of wall structures. A given building panel includes a plurality of fiber- reinforced polymeric studs spaced from each other along the length of the main body of the panel and extending away from both the inner and outer layers of the building panel. At least one flange extends from at least one of the top or the bottom of a respective stud.
E04B 2/00 - Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildingsWall construction with regard to insulationConnections specially adapted to walls
E04C 2/24 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , ,
E04C 2/296 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
E04C 2/38 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
E04C 3/29 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms built-up from parts of different materials
Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) structural building panels and panel assemblies, sized and configured for construction of wall structures. Fiber schedule and orientation in the panels provide enhanced properties of strength of a panel/wall per unit dimension relative to FRP layer thickness and/or mass of the panel/wall per unit dimension. Panel profiles as molded having draft angles, and molds to make such profiles, enhance panel fabrication.
E04C 2/34 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
E04C 2/24 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , ,
E04B 1/00 - Constructions in generalStructures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
E04C 2/296 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
E04B 5/02 - Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
E04C 3/29 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms built-up from parts of different materials
E04C 2/38 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
Fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) load-bearing building panels sized and configured for construction of wall structures permanently tied to underlying ground, optionally tying overlying structure to an underlying footer through such panels. A given panel has an outer FRP layer, an inner FRP layer, and a plurality of foam blocks extending generally from the inner FRP layer to the outer FRP layer. At least one fibrous layer extends across the outwardly facing surface of a given one of the foam blocks and onto the side surfaces of the given foam block, optionally all the way across the side surfaces of the given foam block, optionally at least part way across the inwardly-facing surface of the given foam block. Optional fiber orientation in respective ones of the FRP layers provides enhanced properties of strength to a given panel/wall.
E04B 2/00 - Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildingsWall construction with regard to insulationConnections specially adapted to walls
E04C 2/22 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products of plastics reinforced
E04C 2/296 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
E04C 3/29 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms built-up from parts of different materials
19.
WALL STRUCTURE, WITH ANCHORS INTO ADJACENT CONCRETE STRUCTURE
Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) structural building panels and panel assemblies, sized and configured for construction of wall structures permanently tied to the ground, optionally tying overlying structure to an underlying footer through such panels and panel assemblies. Footers are fabricated by flowing fluid concrete under segments of the wall while anchors extend down from the wall into the space into which concrete is being flowed. Fiber schedule and orientation in the panels provide enhanced properties of strength of a panel/wall per unit dimension relative to FRP layer thickness and/or mass of the panel/wall per unit dimension. Panel profiles as molded, and molds to make such profiles, enhance panel fabrication.
E04B 2/00 - Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildingsWall construction with regard to insulationConnections specially adapted to walls
E04C 2/22 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products of plastics reinforced
E04C 2/296 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
E04C 3/29 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms built-up from parts of different materials
Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) structural building panels and panel assemblies, sized and configured for construction of wall structures permanently tied to the ground, optionally tying overlying structure to an underlying footer through such panels and panel assemblies. Footers are fabricated by flowing fluid concrete under segments of the wall while anchors extend down from the wall into the space into which concrete is being flowed. Fiber schedule and orientation in the panels provide enhanced properties of strength of a panel/wall per unit dimension relative to FRP layer thickness and/or mass of the panel/wall per unit dimension. Panel profiles as molded, and molds to make such profiles, enhance panel fabrication.
E04B 1/00 - Constructions in generalStructures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
E04B 2/00 - Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildingsWall construction with regard to insulationConnections specially adapted to walls
E04C 2/20 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products of plastics
E04C 2/24 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , ,
E04C 2/296 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
E04C 2/38 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
E04C 3/29 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms built-up from parts of different materials
Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) structural building panels and panel assemblies, sized and configured for construction of wall structures. Fiber schedule, layer securement, and orientation in the panels provide enhanced properties of strength of a panel/wall per unit dimension relative to FRP layer thickness and/or mass of the panel/wall per unit dimension.
E04C 2/34 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) structural building panels and panel assemblies, sized and configured for construction of wall structures permanently tied to the ground, optionally tying overlying structure to an underlying footer through such panels and panel assemblies. Footers are fabricated by flowing fluid concrete under segments of the wall while anchors extend down from the wall into the space into which concrete is being flowed. Fiber schedule and orientation in the panels provide enhanced properties of strength of a panel/wall per unit dimension relative to FRP layer thickness and/or mass of the panel/wall per unit dimension. Panel profiles as molded, and molds to make such profiles, enhance panel fabrication.
E04B 1/00 - Constructions in generalStructures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
E04C 2/38 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
E04C 2/296 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
E04C 3/29 - JoistsGirders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricatedLintelsTransoms built-up from parts of different materials
E04C 2/24 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the likeBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of plasticsBuilding elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , ,
23.
Building panel assemblies and methods of use in wall structures
Light weight fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) structural building panels and panel assemblies, sized and configured for construction of wall structures permanently tied to the ground, optionally tying overlying structure to an underlying wall using such panels and panel assemblies. Fiber schedule and orientation in the panels provide enhanced properties of strength of a panel/wall per unit dimension relative to FRP layer thickness and/or mass of the panel/wall per unit dimension.
E04C 2/34 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
A tough, water-proof building panel, made of fiber-reinforced polymer, is useful in making structural walls, ceilings, and floors of buildings. Upstanding such walls can have vertical and horizontal strengths sufficient to be used in place of concrete, as an engineered solution, both above grade and below-grade, including in severe weather conditions. Panels effectively have inner and outer layers, and structurally reinforcing members. Structurally-reinforcing members extend, typically as layer and/or stud, the full height of the wall panel, at spaced locations along the length of the panel. Spaces between the structurally reinforcing members are optionally filled with rigid thermally insulating foam. Optional reinforcing studs are attached to, or overlaid by, the inner layer, and extend inwardly into the building from what is otherwise the inner surface of the building panel. Panels can be made by e.g. assembling pre-fabricated blocks and/or webs, by evacuating a mold, and by pultrusion.
E04C 2/34 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
A tough, water-proof building system provides wall, ceiling, and floor structures, as well as accessories. The walls can be designed to have vertical and horizontal strengths sufficient to be used in place of concrete, as an engineered solution, both above grade and below-grade, including in severe weather conditions. Walls have inner and outer layers, and structurally reinforcing members extending, typically as a layer and/or stud, the full height of the wall, at spaced locations along the length of the wall. The spaces between the structurally reinforcing members are optionally filled with insulating foam. An optional reinforcing stud is attached to, or overlaid by, the inner layer, and extends inwardly into the building from what is otherwise the inner surface of the building panel/wall panel. A building floor can be supported from the load-bearing wall, at locations on the floor support members which are below the top of the load-bearing wall.
E04C 2/34 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
A tough, water-proof building system, and methods of making the system elements and constructing buildings, which provides wall, ceiling, and floor structural panels and corresponding walls, ceilings, and floors. The walls can be designed to have vertical and horizontal strengths sufficient to be used in place of concrete, as an engineered solution, both above grade and below-grade, including in severe weather conditions, such that no concrete need be used except for floor slabs. Panels have inner and outer layers, and structurally reinforcing members. Structurally-reinforcing members extend, typically as a layer and/or stud, the full height of a wall, at spaced locations along the length of the wall. Spaces between the structurally reinforcing members are optionally filled with rigid foam. An optional reinforcing stud is attached to, or overlaid by, the inner layer, and extends inwardly into the building from what is otherwise the inner surface of the building panel.
E04C 2/34 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
Methods of fabricating wall panels by generally continuously pultruding a wall panel profile comprising inner andouter layers, and spaced reinforcing webs and/or foam extending between the inner and outer layers, optionally studs extendinginwardly from the inner layer, away from the outer layer. The so-continuously pultruded wall panel optionally has male and a femaleedges. The wall panel is periodically cut for wall panel height, thereby creating an ongoing stream of cut wall panels. The panels areadvanced through a corner index station, and indexed at right angles while maintaining orientation of the panels. The wall panelsleave the indexing station edge-to-edge. Resin is applied to facing edges of adjacent wall panels. Adjacent wall panels are joined toeach other at the facing edges, to make a generally continuous wall panel. The so joined wall panel is cut to desired lengths. Theresulting wall panel can provide tough, water-proof, otherwise weather-proof, building systems and buildings, without structural useof concrete except in floor slabs.
B29C 70/08 - Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, with or without non-reinforced layers
B29C 70/52 - Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
E04C 2/36 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels
Methods of fabricating wall panels (10) by generally continuously pultruding a wall panel profile (14) comprising inner and outer layers (34, 36), and spaced reinforcing webs (50). The so-continuously pultruded wall panel has male and a female edges. The wall panel is periodically cut for wall panel height, thereby creating an ongoing stream of cut wall panels. The panels are advanced through a corner index station, and indexed at right angles while maintaining orientation of the panels. The wall panels leave the indexing station edge-to-edge. Resin is applied to facing edges of adjacent wall panels. Adjacent wall panels are joined to each other at the facing edges, to make a generally continuous wall panel. The so-joined wall panel is cut to desired lengths. The resulting wall panel can provide tough, water-proof, otherwise weather-proof, building systems and buildings, without structural use of concrete except in floor slabs.
B29C 70/52 - Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
E04C 2/36 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels
B29C 70/08 - Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, with or without non-reinforced layers
Methods of fabricating wall panels by generally continuously pultruding a wall panel profile comprising inner and outer layers, and spaced reinforcing webs and/or foam extending between the inner and outer layers, optionally studs extending inwardly from the inner layer, away from the outer layer. The so-continuously pultruded wall panel optionally has male and a female edges. The wall panel is periodically cut for wall panel height, thereby creating an ongoing stream of cut wall panels. The panels are advanced through a corner index station, and indexed at right angles while maintaining orientation of the panels. The wall panels leave the indexing station edge-to-edge. Resin is applied to facing edges of adjacent wall panels. Adjacent wall panels are joined to each other at the facing edges, to make a generally continuous wall panel. The so-joined wall panel is cut to desired lengths. The resulting wall panel can provide tough, water-proof, otherwise weather-proof, building systems and buildings, without structural use of concrete except in floor slabs.
E04C 2/34 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
A tough, water-proof building system which provides walls and wall sections for use on upright walls, ceilings, and floors, and appurtenances, as well as accessories which make such structures more versatile. The walls and wall sections can be designed to have vertical and horizontal strengths sufficient to be used in place of concrete, as an engineered solution, both above grade and below-grade, including in severe weather conditions. A wall section has inner and outer layers, and structurally reinforcing members which extend, typically as a layer and/or stud, the full height of the wall section, at spaced locations along the length of the wall section. The spaces between the structurally reinforcing members are optionally filled with rigid foam. An optional reinforcing stud is attached to, or overlaid by, the inner layer, and extends inwardly into the building from what is otherwise the inner surface of the wall or wall section.
E04C 2/34 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
31.
CONSTRUCTION PANELS AND CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS, AND METHODS
Tough, water-proof building systems, and methods of making system elements, and constructing buildings, without structural use of concrete except in floor slabs. Such building systems and methods provide wall, ceiling, and floor structural panels and corresponding walls, ceilings, and floors, and appurtenances, as well as accessories which make such structures versatile. The system elements can have vertical and horizontal strengths sufficient to be used in place of concrete, as engineered solutions, both above grade and below grade, including in severe weather. Structural building panels have inner and outer layers, and structurally reinforcing members, optionally including structural studs, extending the full heights of the panels, at spaced locations along the panel lengths. Spaces between reinforcing members are optionally filled with thermally-insulating foam. Optional reinforcing studs are attached to, or overlaid by, the inner layer, and extend inwardly into the building from the nominal inner surface of the building/wall panel.
E04B 2/00 - Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildingsWall construction with regard to insulationConnections specially adapted to walls
E04C 2/296 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
32.
CONSTRUCTION PANELS AND CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS, AND METHODS
Tough, water-proof building systems, and methods of making system elements, and constructing buildings, without structural use of concrete except in floor slabs. Such building systems and methods provide wall, ceiling, and floor structural panels and corresponding walls, ceilings, and floors, and appurtenances, as well as accessories which make such structures versatile. The system elements can have vertical and horizontal strengths sufficient to be used in place of concrete, as engineered solutions, both above grade and below grade, including in severe weather. Structural building panels have inner and outer layers, and structurally reinforcing members, optionally including structural studs, extending the full heights of the panels, at spaced locations along the panel lengths. Spaces between reinforcing members are optionally filled with thermally-insulating foam. Optional reinforcing studs are attached to, or overlaid by, the inner layer, and extend inwardly into the building from the nominal inner surface of the building/wall panel.
E04C 2/296 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
33.
CONSTRUCTION PANELS AND CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS, AND METHODS
Tough, water-proof building systems, and methods of making system elements, and constructing buildings, without structural use of concrete except in floor slabs. Such building systems and methods provide wall, ceiling, and floor structural panels and corresponding walls, ceilings, and floors, and appurtenances, as well as accessories which make such structures versatile. The system elements can have vertical and horizontal strengths sufficient to be used in place of concrete, as engineered solutions, both above grade and below grade, including in severe weather. Structural building panels have inner and outer layers, and structurally reinforcing members, optionally including structural studs, extending the full heights of the panels, at spaced locations along the panel lengths. Spaces between reinforcing members are optionally filled with thermally-insulating foam. Optional reinforcing studs are attached to, or overlaid by, the inner layer, and extend inwardly into the building from the nominal inner surface of the building/wall panel.
E04C 2/296 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups , , , or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of these groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
A tough, water-proof building system, and methods of making the system elements and constructing buildings, which provides wall, ceiling, and floor structural panels and corresponding walls, ceilings, and floors. The walls can be designed to have vertical and horizontal strengths sufficient to be used in place of concrete, as an engineered solution, both above grade and below-grade, including in severe weather conditions, such that no concrete need be used except for floor slabs. Panels have inner and outer layers, and structurally reinforcing members. Structurally-reinforcing members extend, typically as a layer and/or stud, the full height of a wall, at spaced locations along the length of the wall. Spaces between the structurally reinforcing members are optionally filled with rigid foam. An optional reinforcing stud is attached to, or overlaid by, the inner layer, and extends inwardly into the building from what is otherwise the inner surface of the building panel.
E04C 2/34 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
35.
Methods of constructing buildings and building appurtenances
A method of constructing a building or building appurtenance, optionally without structural use of concrete except for floor slabs. The method contemplates excavating a hole to establish a natural base on which the structure is to be constructed, establishing layout locations where upright walls or other supports of the structure are to be erected, establishing a fabricated footer, optionally a fiber-reinforced polymeric footer, along the laid-out locations of the supports, placing pre-fabricated load-bearing fiber-reinforced polymeric building panels or other supports on the fabricated footer, and connecting the pre-fabricated wall panels or other supports to each other according to the structure plan thereby developing load-bearing walls or other supports, and erecting overlying structure on the load-bearing walls or other supports.
E04C 2/34 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
A tough, water-proof building system provides wall, ceiling, and floor structures, as well as accessories. The walls can be designed to have vertical and horizontal strengths sufficient to be used in place of concrete, as an engineered solution, both above grade and below-grade, including in severe weather conditions. Walls have inner and outer layers, and structurally reinforcing members extending, typically as a layer and/or stud, the full height of the wall, at spaced locations along the length of the wall. The spaces between the structurally reinforcing members are optionally filled with insulating foam. An optional reinforcing stud is attached to, or overlaid by, the inner layer, and extends inwardly into the building from what is otherwise the inner surface of the building panel/wall panel. A building floor can be supported from the load-bearing wall, at locations on the floor support members which are below the top of the load-bearing wall.
E04C 2/34 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
37.
Support pads and support brackets, and structures supported thereby
A tough building system and buildings and associated accessories which make such structures more versatile. Support accessories can include a fiber-reinforced polymeric composite support bracket, adapted to be mounted to a top of a foundation wall, and to support an edge of a slab of concrete adjacent the top of the foundation wall, or to support brick fascia, or to support ends of floor joists adjacent an inner surface of said foundation wall. Support accessories can also include a load-bearing, and load distributing support pad, adapted to be used as an interface support/footer between an underlying natural base and an overlying constructed structure. The support pad has a plurality of fiber-reinforced polymeric layers, optionally stacked one on top of the other. The pad has a load bearing capacity of at least 1000 pounds per square foot. The support pad may be a pultruded product.
A method of making tough, water-proof building panels depositing a first fiber-rich layer onto a support, the first fiber-rich layer having a width defined by first and second side edges, a length direction, and a top surface; placing foam blocks on the first layer, lengths of the foam blocks extending generally between the first and second side edges of the first fiber-rich layer; depositing a second fiber-rich layer onto the combination of the first fiber-rich layer and the foam blocks, thereby to develop an uncured precursor to the building panel; and curing the uncured precursor to the building panel thereby to make a generally rigid structural building panel.
B32B 37/02 - Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by a sequence of laminating steps, e.g. by adding new layers at consecutive laminating stations
E04C 1/40 - Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
A tough, water-proof building panel, made of fiber-reinforced polymer, is useful in making structural walls, ceilings, and floors of buildings. Upstanding such walls can have vertical and horizontal strengths sufficient to be used in place of concrete, as an engineered solution, both above grade and below-grade, including in severe weather conditions. Panels effectively have inner and outer layers, and structurally reinforcing members. Structurally-reinforcing members extend, typically as layer and/or stud, the full height of the wall panel, at spaced locations along the length of the panel. Spaces between the structurally reinforcing members are optionally filled with rigid thermally insulating foam. Optional reinforcing studs are attached to, or overlaid by, the inner layer, and extend inwardly into the building from what is otherwise the inner surface of the building panel. Panels can be made by e.g. assembling pre-fabricated blocks and/or webs, by evacuating a mold, and by pultrusion.
E04C 2/34 - Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
