A jig for adapting a cutting machine to cut a work piece along a radius. The jig includes a base for mounting the jig to the cutting machine. A bridge is pivotally mounted to the base. The bridge is further configured to receive the work piece. A slide is disposed beneath the bridge, where the slide is configured to selectively engage the bridge at a desired position along a length of the bridge. The slide mounts to the table at a variable position along a length of the table, and the slide is further configured to move the bridge relative to the base in a generally arcuate manner.
Disclosed herein are methods and kits employing a colorimetric test wherein the presence of beryllium is indicated by a visible color change. Advantageously, according to embodiments, when the dye containing substrate contacts beryllium, the color change occurs almost instantly, allowing for rapid, near-real-time detection of beryllium without the use of complex instrumentation.
G01N 21/78 - Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
A ceramic lithium indium diselenide or like radiation detector device formed as a pressed material that exhibits scintillation properties substantially identical to a corresponding single crystal growth radiation detector device, exhibiting the intrinsic property of the chemical compound, with an acceptable decrease in light output, but at a markedly lower cost due to the time savings associated with pressing versus single crystal growth.
C04B 35/547 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on sulfides or selenides
B28B 3/02 - Producing shaped articles from the material by using pressesPresses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding spaceRam heads of special form
An annular radioisotope target and method therefor that includes an inner cladding tube and a helical coil-shaped foil ribbon disposed over the inner cladding tube. The helical coil-shaped foil ribbon has a first end, a second end, a first edge and a second edge. An outer cladding tube is disposed over the helical coil-shaped foil ribbon and inner cladding tube, and end caps are attached to the outer cladding tube and the inner cladding tube.
H05H 6/00 - Targets for producing nuclear reactions
G21G 1/00 - Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation, or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes
G21K 5/08 - Holders for targets or for objects to be irradiated
G21G 1/02 - Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation, or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes in nuclear reactors
5.
Foreign material exclusion plug for structural threads with breakaway tab
A foreign material exclusion plug is disclosed. The foreign material plug includes a cylindrical body, a slot, and a breakaway tab. The cylindrical body includes an externally-threaded cylindrical structure. The slot is formed in the cylindrical body extending into the cylindrical body from a top surface of the cylindrical body. The breakaway tab is connected to the cylindrical body and extends outwards from the top surface.
B23P 11/00 - Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-working techniques, not otherwise provided for
F16B 23/00 - Specially-shaped heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool
F16B 31/02 - Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile loadBreak-bolts for indicating or limiting tensile load
F16B 37/12 - Nuts or like thread-engaging members with thread-engaging surfaces formed by inserted coil-springs, discs, or the likeIndependent pieces of wound wire used as nutsThreaded inserts for holes
Methods and systems for characterizing ultrasonic environments using piezo-electric sensor devices. In general, a piezo-electric sensor assembly is disposed and selectively repositioned in the fluid in an ultrasonic cleaning vessel, before, while, or after a component to be cleaned is present, providing quantitative and directional data regarding the high and low energy areas within the tank, where cleaning will be more or less intense, as well as areas in which standing waves without cavitation are present, representing cleaning dead spots. Further, the presence of harmonic vibrations can be detected where a fixed frequency causes a part itself to resonate. Thus, wave cancellation, reinforcement, and relative uniformity can be mapped and assessed in an ultrasonic environment, such as an ultrasonic cleaning environment or ultrasonic environment used for another purpose.
H01L 41/113 - Piezo-electric or electrostrictive elements with mechanical input and electrical output
B08B 3/12 - Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
B08B 13/00 - Accessories or details of general applicability for machines or apparatus for cleaning
H01L 41/04 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - Details thereof - Details of piezo-electric or electrostrictive elements
7.
Fluid level and conductivity sensor for high temperature applications
A fluid level and conductivity sensor having a sensing probe with four electrodes disposed therein particularly suited for high temperature applications. A distal end of the second and third electrodes are positioned a distance from the sensing end that is greater than distal ends of the first and fourth electrodes. The sensor includes an electronics system having a signal relay system for receiving signals from each of the electrodes and switching between different measurement modes by determining a resistance between selected pairs of electrodes based on instructions from the microcontroller. The measurement modes include a conductivity measurement mode in which a resistance between the first and fourth electrodes is determined, and a fluid level measurement mode in which a resistance between the first and third electrodes is determined and compared to a resistance between the second and third electrodes.
G01F 23/24 - Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
G01N 27/07 - Construction of measuring vesselsElectrodes therefor
8.
Shaped cutting tool and method of use to efficiently form a finished part
A method of efficiently forming a finished part, the method includes providing a cutting tool having a first cutting edge extending from a first end of the cutting tool, a second cutting edge extending from a second end of the cutting tool, and a shaping edge disposed between the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge. The cutting tool is advanced into a rotating workpiece such that the first cutting edge removes a trailing end of the rotating workpiece, the shaping edge shapes a working portion of the rotating workpiece, and the second cutting edge removes the working portion of the rotating workpiece to form the finished part.
Systems and methods for electroless plating a first metal onto a second metal in a molten salt bath including: a bath vessel holding a dry salt mixture including a dry salt medium and a dry salt medium of the first metal, and without the reductant therein, the dry salt mixture configured to be heated to form a molten salt bath; and the second metal is configured to be disposed in the molten salt bath and receive a pure coating of the first metal thereon by electroless plating in the molten salt bath, wherein the second metal is more electronegative than the first metal.
C23C 18/16 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by reduction or substitution, i.e. electroless plating
B05C 3/02 - Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material the work being immersed in the liquid or other fluent material
C25F 7/00 - Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objectsServicing or operating
B05C 3/00 - Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material
10.
Methods for electropolishing and coating aluminum on air and/or moisture sensitive substrates
A wide band gap semiconductor NAND based neutron detection system includes a semiconductor layer comprising a wide band gap material with a neutron absorber material in the wide band gap material, and the semiconductor layer is the only layer of the wide band gap semiconductor NAND based neutron detection system fabricated with the neutron absorber material.
Systems and methods for electroless plating a first metal onto a second metal in a molten salt bath including: a bath vessel holding a dry salt mixture including a dry salt medium and a dry salt medium of the first metal, and without the reductant therein, the dry salt mixture configured to be heated to form a molten salt bath; and the second metal is configured to be disposed in the molten salt bath and receive a pure coating of the first metal thereon by electroless plating in the molten salt bath, wherein the second metal is more electronegative than the first metal.
C23C 18/16 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by reduction or substitution, i.e. electroless plating
B05C 3/02 - Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material the work being immersed in the liquid or other fluent material
C25F 7/00 - Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objectsServicing or operating
B05C 3/00 - Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material
3 is dissolved in the electrolyte composition to provide a lithium doped electrolyte composition. Power is applied to the electrolyte composition to form lithium metal on a cathode of an electrolysis cell. The lithium metal separated from the cathode has a purity of at least about 95 wt. %.
3 is dissolved in the electrolyte composition to provide a soluble lithium doped electrolyte composition. Power is applied to the electrolyte composition to form lithium metal on a cathode of an electrolysis cell. The lithium metal is separated from the cathode has a purity of at least about 95 wt. %.
3 is dissolved in the electrolyte composition to provide a lithium doped electrolyte composition. Power is applied to the electrolyte composition to form lithium metal on a cathode of an electrolysis cell. The lithium metal separated from the cathode has a purity of at least about 95 wt. %.
A diode assembly for producing a pulsed fusion event in a z-pinch driver. The diode assembly includes an inner core formed of a fusionable fuel source material including a lithium compound formed of one or more lithium isotopes and one or more hydrogen isotopes. A lithium metal outer sheath is integrally formed around the inner core by decomposing a surface of the fusionable fuel source material.
A thermal protection barrier including a base layer having a high melting temperature granular media having free standing granules disposed within the base layer and a distributor grid layer having a plurality of spaced-apart distributors composed of a high melting temperature material disposed adjacent to the base layer. The spaced-apart distributors are dimensioned and configured to provide load bearing support to the thermal protection barrier prior to a breach of the thermal protection barrier and to divide and disperse a superheated flowing mass to the free standing granules of the base layer upon occurrence of a breach. In certain embodiments, the thermal protection barrier is positioned adjacent to a nuclear system such that, upon occurrence of a loss of containment accident, the distributor grid layer is positioned and configured to divide and disperse a superheated flowing nuclear mass to the free standing granules.
B32B 5/30 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer comprising granules or powder
B32B 33/00 - Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatingsLayered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
B32B 5/24 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
B32B 3/26 - Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layerLayered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids
The University of Tennessee Research Foundation (USA)
Inventor
Lamberti, Vincent E.
Penumadu, Dayakar
Abstract
Distributed fiber optic chemical and radiation sensors formed by coating the fibers with certain types of response materials are provided. For distributed chemical sensors, the coatings are reactive with the targets; the heat absorbed or released during a reaction will cause a local temperature change on the fiber. For distributed radiation sensors, coating a fiber with a scintillator enhances sensitivity toward thermal neutrons, for example, by injecting light into the fiber. The luminescent components in these materials are taken from conjugated polymeric and oligomeric dyes, metal organic frameworks with sorbed dyes, and two-photon-absorbing semiconductors. The compositions may exhibit strong gamma rejection. Other scintillators combining luminescent materials with neutron converters are available. With a multiple-layer coating, it may be possible to identify the presence of both neutrons and gamma rays, for example. Coatings may be applied during manufacture or in the field.
G01N 21/77 - Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
The University of Tennessee Research Foundation (USA)
Inventor
Lamberti, Vincent E.
Penumadu, Dayakar
Abstract
Distributed fiber optic sensors formed by covering the fibers with tubing are provided. The tubing including responsive materials formulated or configured to, responsive to exposure to one of a target chemical species and a target radiation particle, change a relative size and generate a localized effect on or in the optical fiber.
G01N 21/77 - Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
G01D 5/353 - Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing memberMeans for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for convertingTransducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
G01M 3/04 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
A foreign material exclusion plug is disclosed. The foreign material plug includes a cylindrical body, a slot, and a breakaway tab. The cylindrical body includes an externally-threaded cylindrical structure. The slot is formed in the cylindrical body extending into the cylindrical body from a top surface of the cylindrical body. The breakaway tab is connected to the cylindrical body and extends outwards from the top surface.
F16B 37/12 - Nuts or like thread-engaging members with thread-engaging surfaces formed by inserted coil-springs, discs, or the likeIndependent pieces of wound wire used as nutsThreaded inserts for holes
F16B 23/00 - Specially-shaped heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool
F16B 31/02 - Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile loadBreak-bolts for indicating or limiting tensile load
A self-governing bearing assembly is disclosed. The self-governing bearing assembly includes a stator and a rotor. The stator includes a brake contacting surface. The stator is one of an outer ring and an inner ring. The rotor includes the other of the outer ring and the inner ring, brake pads, and a circular spring. The brake pads are positioned radially from the brake contacting surface and adapted to rotate with the other of the outer ring and the inner ring. Each of the brake pads includes a pad retention slot. The circular spring is positioned within the pad retention slot of each of the brake pads. The bearing elements are axially aligned with a first bearing portion of the stator and a second bearing portion of the rotor. The bearing elements are adapted to rotationally support the rotor relative to the stator.
F16C 19/06 - Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row of balls
F16C 19/26 - Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly with a single row of rollers
F16C 19/36 - Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers
F16C 32/04 - Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
F16C 25/08 - Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting
F16D 51/10 - Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like shaped as exclusively radially-movable brake-shoes
A ceramic lithium indium diselenide or like radiation detector device formed as a pressed material that exhibits scintillation properties substantially identical to a corresponding single crystal growth radiation detector device, exhibiting the intrinsic property of the chemical compound, with an acceptable decrease in light output, but at a markedly lower cost due to the time savings associated with pressing versus single crystal growth.
C04B 35/547 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on sulfides or selenides
B28B 3/02 - Producing shaped articles from the material by using pressesPresses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding spaceRam heads of special form
Methods of producing a nano-catalyst material including forming a plurality of nano-scale features on a surface of a substrate material. The nano-catalyst material may be used for forming anchored nanostructure materials by heating the nano-catalyst material under a protective atmosphere to a temperature ranging from about 450° C. to about 1500° C. and exposing the heated nano-catalyst to an organic vapor to affix a separate nanostructure to each of the plurality of nano-scale features. The nano-scale features may be formed on the surface of the substrate material by mechanical or thermal processes.
Methods and systems for manufacturing a mixed-metal part by preparing a mixed-metal sol-gel as a feed material and using an additive manufacturing technique to form the mixed-metal part from the mixed-metal sol-gel feed material.
B22F 9/18 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
B22F 9/24 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
B22F 9/30 - Making metallic powder or suspensions thereofApparatus or devices specially adapted therefor using chemical processes with decomposition of metal compounds, e.g. by pyrolysis
C22B 5/00 - General processes of reducing to metals
D01F 9/08 - Man-made filaments or the like of other substancesManufacture thereofApparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
B01J 13/00 - Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided forMaking microcapsules or microballoons
B29C 64/118 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
B29C 64/153 - Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
A tamper-indicating device, the tamper-indicating device including: an elongate structure; a penetrant chamber coupled to the elongate structure; and a physical barrier (or other release mechanism) disposed between the elongate structure and the penetrant chamber; wherein the penetrant chamber is adapted to contain a penetrant material that selectively diffuses into the elongate structure at a predetermined rate when the physical barrier is ruptured (or the other release mechanism is actuated) by a tamper or environmental event; and wherein the penetrant material creates an overt or covert indication of the degree of diffusion into the elongate structure, the degree of diffusion indicating an amount of time since the tamper or environmental event. The tamper-indicating device further includes a substrate coupled to the elongate structure. Optionally, the tamper-indicating device further includes a visible time scale disposed on the substrate substantially adjacent to the elongate structure.
G01N 31/22 - Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroupsApparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
28.
Titanium-group nano-whiskers and method of production
Disclosed herein are structures comprising a titanium, zirconium, or hafnium powder particle with titanium carbide, zirconium carbide, or hafnium carbide (respectively) nano-whiskers grown directly from and anchored to the powder particle. Also disclosed are methods for fabrication of such structures, involving heating the powder particles and exposing the particles to an organic gas.
B22F 1/02 - Special treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working, to improve properties; Metallic powders per se, e.g. mixtures of particles of different composition comprising coating of the powder
B22F 1/00 - Metallic powderTreatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
C23C 16/02 - Pretreatment of the material to be coated
H01B 1/02 - Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materialsSelection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
C23C 16/44 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
C22C 32/00 - Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
29.
Assembly and method for interchangeably holding an electrochemical substrate
An electrochemical substrate holder assembly, including: a first housing and a second housing; wherein the first housing and the second housing collectively define an interior space; a first gasket coupled to the first housing and adapted to contact a first side of a substrate; and a second gasket coupled to the second housing and adapted to contact a second side of the substrate; wherein the first gasket and the second gasket are collectively adapted to hold the substrate within the interior space. The first housing defines a first port adapted to receive a first electrical lead to electrically contact the first side of the substrate. The second housing defines a second port adapted to allow a fluid to pass there through to fluidly contact at least the second side of the substrate. The second housing is adapted to receive one or more of a second and third electrical lead.
Composite structures having a reinforced material intermingled with a substrate wherein the reinforced material includes titanium monoboride, titanium diboride, or a combination thereof.
B22D 19/00 - Casting in, on, or around, objects which form part of the product
B22D 19/16 - Casting in, on, or around, objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
B32B 7/05 - Interconnection of layers the layers not being connected over the whole surface, e.g. discontinuous connection or patterned connection
B23K 35/32 - Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550°C
B23K 35/34 - Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material comprising compounds which yield metals when heated
C09D 1/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
C23C 18/08 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of metallic material
C23C 18/12 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
3 is dissolved in the electrolyte composition to provide a soluble lithium ion species in the electrolyte composition. Power is applied to the electrolyte composition to form lithium metal on a cathode of an electrolysis cell. The lithium metal is separated from the cathode has a purity of at least about 95 wt. %.
A cutting tool for forming a finished part from a rotating workpiece includes a first cutting edge extending from a first end of the cutting tool, a second cutting edge extending from a second end of the cutting tool, and a shaping edge disposed between the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge. The first cutting edge is operable to remove a trailing end of the rotating workpiece and the second cutting edge is operable to remove a working portion of the rotating workpiece disposed between the trailing end and a leading end. The shaping edge is operable to shape the working portion of the rotating workpiece by advancing the cutting tool into the rotating workpiece until the first cutting edge removes the trailing end of the rotating workpiece and the second cutting edge removes the working portion of the rotating workpiece to form the finished part.
A quantum dot (QD) lightning detection and warning (LDW) system and method. This LDW system and method find broader applicability to spark and other transient optical event detection as well. The QDs are operable for receiving ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), visible, x-ray, and/or gamma ray radiation emanating from lightning or the like and generating visible radiation that may be detected and utilized to generate topological event information, such that property, human life, and the like may be safeguarded.
G01W 1/16 - Measuring atmospheric potential differences, e.g. due to electrical charges in clouds
G01S 3/781 - Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves Details
G01S 5/16 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinationsPosition-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
G08B 21/10 - Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to calamitous events, e.g. tornados or earthquakes
G01S 3/78 - Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
B82Y 15/00 - Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
34.
Passive thermal control of microwave furnace components
A microwave furnace includes a microwave casket having an inner surface forming an internal cavity. A heatable body, formed at least in part of a microwave susceptor material, is located in the internal cavity of the casket and heats in response to a microwave field. A thermal control system is provided, which includes a fluid flow path extending through the casket and has an inlet and an outlet formed in the microwave casket. A portion of the fluid flow path is adjacent the heatable body. The thermal control system flows a thermal transfer fluid through the fluid flow path via the inlet to absorb heat from the heatable body and to transfer the absorbed heat along the fluid flow path until the thermal transfer fluid exits the fluid flow path via the outlet.
C25B 9/06 - Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
C25B 9/00 - Cells or assemblies of cellsConstructional parts of cellsAssemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assembliesProcess-related cell features
A ceramic lithium indium diselenide or like radiation detector device formed as a pressed material that exhibits scintillation properties substantially identical to a corresponding single crystal growth radiation detector device, exhibiting the intrinsic property of the chemical compound, with an acceptable decrease in light output, but at a markedly lower cost due to the time savings associated with pressing versus single crystal growth.
C04B 35/547 - Shaped ceramic products characterised by their compositionCeramic compositionsProcessing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxides based on sulfides or selenides
B28B 3/02 - Producing shaped articles from the material by using pressesPresses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding spaceRam heads of special form
A handheld device for the location and identification of a radiation source, including: a radiation transparent housing; a radiation locator device disposed within the radiation transparent housing operable for determining the location of the radiation source, wherein the radiation locator device includes a plurality of gamma detection crystals arranged in a geometric pattern and separated by a gamma shielding material, a plurality of detectors coupled to the plurality of gamma detection crystals, and a processor module coupled to the plurality of detectors; one or more of a neutron detection crystal and a gamma spectroscopy crystal disposed within the radiation transparent housing adjacent to the radiation locator device; and one or more detectors coupled to the one or more of the neutron detection crystal and the gamma spectroscopy crystal and the processor module; wherein the one or more of the neutron detection crystal and the gamma spectroscopy crystal, the one or more detectors, and the processor module are collectively operable for identifying the radiation source.
A chalcopyrite, colquiriite, neutron absorber loaded glass, or plastic scintillator based fiber optic plate for use in a neutron imaging system, including: a plurality of optical fiber segments disposed side-by-side adjacent to one another in a parallel array; and a binder material disposed between and coupling the plurality of optical fiber segments together. A diffuse reflective material is optically coupled to the plurality of first ends of the plurality of optical fiber segments. An optical detector device is optically coupled to the plurality of second ends of the plurality of optical fiber segments opposite the diffuse reflective material. Optionally, the fiber optic plate further includes a diffuse reflective material disposed one or more of on an exterior surface of each of the plurality of optical fiber segments and between the plurality of optical fiber segments.
A stub tuner apparatus includes a body portion having a first end and a second end and defining an internal space configured to carry electromagnetic energy. A gas-sealed pocket extends from the body portion such that, when the body portion forms a portion of a gas-sealed environment, the stub tuner apparatus is gas sealed. A stub is disposed in the gas-sealed pocket and the apparatus includes a linear translation means for moving the stub at least partially out from and into the pocket and at least partially into and out from the internal space without breaching the gas-sealed environment of the stub tuner apparatus.
A device for sensing, locating, and characterizing a radiation emitting source, including: a detection crystal having dimensions great enough such that regional differences in radiation response are generated in the detection crystal by radiation impinging on one or more surfaces of the detection crystal; and a plurality of detectors one or more of coupled to and disposed on a plurality of surfaces of the detection crystal operable for detecting the regional differences in radiation response generated in the detection crystal by the radiation impinging on the one or more surfaces of the detection crystal.
A curved vacuum cassette assembly including a rigid or semi-rigid curved structural backing that is porous or semi-porous to air flow such that one or more imaging detectors (e.g. film layers or CR plates), intensifying screens, and/or other layers may be affixed to the curved structural backing in a secure and conformal manner when a vacuum is applied to the structural backing. All of these structures are encapsulated within an airtight barrier and, optionally, another suitable rigid or semi-rigid housing.
Disclosed herein are structures comprising a titanium, zirconium, or hafnium powder particle with titanium carbide, zirconium carbide, or hafnium carbide (respectively) nano-whiskers grown directly from and anchored to the powder particle. Also disclosed are methods for fabrication of such structures, involving heating the powder particles and exposing the particles to an organic gas.
B22F 1/00 - Metallic powderTreatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
C23C 16/02 - Pretreatment of the material to be coated
B22F 1/16 - Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
H01B 1/02 - Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materialsSelection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
C22C 32/00 - Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
C23C 16/44 - Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
A radiation area monitor device/method, utilizing: a radiation sensor having a directional radiation sensing capability; a rotation mechanism operable for selectively rotating the radiation sensor such that the directional radiation sensing capability selectively sweeps an area of interest; and a processor operable for analyzing and storing a radiation fingerprint acquired by the radiation sensor as the directional radiation sensing capability selectively sweeps the area of interest. Optionally, the radiation sensor includes a gamma and/or neutron radiation sensor. The device/method selectively operates in: a first supervised mode during which a baseline radiation fingerprint is acquired by the radiation sensor; and a second unsupervised mode during which a subsequent radiation fingerprint is acquired by the radiation sensor, wherein the subsequent radiation fingerprint is compared to the baseline radiation fingerprint and, if a predetermined difference threshold is exceeded, an alert is issued.
Disclosed is a passive, in-situ pressure sensor. The sensor includes a sensing element having a ferromagnetic metal and a tension inducing mechanism coupled to the ferromagnetic metal. The tension inducing mechanism is operable to change a tensile stress upon the ferromagnetic metal based on a change in pressure in the sensing element. Changes in pressure are detected based on changes in the magnetic switching characteristics of the ferromagnetic metal when subjected to an alternating magnetic field caused by the change in the tensile stress. The sensing element is embeddable in a closed system for detecting pressure changes without the need for any penetrations of the system for power or data acquisition by detecting changes in the magnetic switching characteristics of the ferromagnetic metal caused by the tensile stress.
G01L 7/00 - Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements
G01L 7/06 - Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements in the form of elastically-deformable gauges of the bellows type
G01L 7/08 - Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements in the form of elastically-deformable gauges of the flexible-diaphragm type
A lathe leveler for centering a cutting tool in relation to a cylindrical work piece includes a first leveling arm having a first contact point disposed adjacent a distal end of the first leveling arm, a second leveling arm having a second contact point disposed adjacent a distal end of the second leveling arm, a leveling gage, and a leveling plate having a cutting tool receiving surface positioned parallel to a horizontal axis of the leveling gage and on a same plane as a midpoint of the first contact point and the second contact point. The leveling arms and leveling plate are dimensioned and configured such that the cutting tool receiving surface is centered in relation to the work piece when the first and second contact points are in contact with one of the inner surface and outer surface of the cylindrical work piece and the leveling gage is centered.
G01C 9/24 - Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using liquids in closed containers partially filled with liquid so as to leave a gas bubble
B23B 25/06 - Measuring, gauging, or adjusting equipment on turning-machines for setting-on, feeding, controlling, or monitoring the cutting tools or work
G01C 9/34 - Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using liquids in closed containers partially filled with liquid so as to leave a gas bubble of the tubular type, i.e. for indicating the level in one direction only
46.
Stabilizing chock assembly for caster wheel and associated method of use
A stabilizing chock assembly for a caster wheel or the like, including: a first stabilizing member or piece and a second stabilizing member or piece; and a clamping mechanism coupling the first stabilizing member to the second stabilizing member, the clamping mechanism operable for selectively biasing the first stabilizing member and the second stabilizing member together about a wheel; wherein the first stabilizing member and the second stabilizing member collectively define a conformal recess that is configured to selectively receive and retain a lower portion of the wheel. Optionally, the first stabilizing member and the second stabilizing member each define an arcuate ramp structure that forms a portion of the conformal recess. Optionally, the chock assembly also includes a friction surface disposed on a bottom surface of each of the first stabilizing member and the second stabilizing member.
A radiation area monitor device/method, utilizing: a radiation sensor; a rotating radiation shield disposed about the radiation sensor, wherein the rotating radiation shield defines one or more ports that are transparent to radiation; and a processor operable for analyzing and storing a radiation fingerprint acquired by the radiation sensor as the rotating radiation shield is rotated about the radiation sensor. Optionally, the radiation sensor includes a gamma and/or neutron radiation sensor. The device/method selectively operates in: a first supervised mode during which a baseline radiation fingerprint is acquired by the radiation sensor as the rotating radiation shield is rotated about the radiation sensor; and a second unsupervised mode during which a subsequent radiation fingerprint is acquired by the radiation sensor as the rotating radiation shield is rotated about the radiation sensor, wherein the subsequent radiation fingerprint is compared to the baseline radiation fingerprint and, if a predetermined difference threshold is exceeded, an alert is issued.
The present invention provides an elongate tool that aides in the placement of objects and machinery within a glovebox, such that the objects and machinery can be safely handled by a user. The tool includes a plurality of visual markings (in English units, metric units, other units, grooves, ridges, varying widths, etc.) that indicate distance from the user within the glovebox, optionally broken into placement preference zones that are color coded, grayscale coded, or the like.
G01B 5/14 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
B25J 21/02 - Glove-boxes, i.e. chambers in which manipulations are performed by the human hands in gloves built into the chamber wallsGloves therefor
The present invention provides a bright, focused visible light source that is part of a visible light alignment assembly that is coupled to an X-ray generator. The visible light source projects a bright, focused visible light beam from the X-ray generator through a collimator and object or part to be radiographed and to a detector or film, just as a subsequent X-ray beam eventually is. This allows the operator to quickly and easily visually assess the eventual position and coverage or spread of the X-ray beam and align the X-ray generator, collimator, object or part to be radiographed, and/or detector or film, with a minimum of test radiographs.
A hydrogen, lithium, and lithium hydride processing apparatus includes a hot zone to heat solid-phase lithium hydride to form liquid-phase lithium hydride; a vacuum source to extract hydrogen and gaseous-phase lithium metal from the liquid-phase lithium hydride; a cold zone to condense the gaseous-phase lithium metal as purified solid-phase lithium metal; and a heater to melt the purified solid-phase lithium metal in the cold zone and form refined liquid-phase lithium metal in the hot zone.
C01B 3/04 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for producing heavy water. In one embodiment, a catalyst is treated with high purity air or a mixture of gaseous nitrogen and oxygen with gaseous deuterium all together flowing over the catalyst to produce the heavy water. In an alternate embodiment, the deuterium is combusted to form the heavy water. In an alternate embodiment, gaseous deuterium and gaseous oxygen is flowed into a fuel cell to produce the heavy water. In various embodiments, the deuterium may be produced by a thermal decomposition and distillation process that involves heating solid lithium deuteride to form liquid lithium deuteride and then extracting the gaseous deuterium from the liquid lithium deuteride.
C01B 5/02 - Heavy waterPreparation by chemical reaction of hydrogen isotopes or their compounds, e.g. 4ND3+7O2→ 4NO2+6D2O, 2D2+O2→ 2D2O
B01J 10/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particlesApparatus specially adapted therefor
C25B 1/00 - Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
52.
Handheld dual thermal neutron detector and gamma-ray spectrometer
A method for the additive manufacturing of inorganic crystalline materials, including: physically combining a plurality of starting materials that are used to form an inorganic crystalline compound to be used as one or more of a semiconductor, scintillator, laser crystal, and optical filter; heating or melting successive regions of the combined starting materials using a directed heat source having a predetermined energy characteristic, thereby facilitating the reaction of the combined starting materials; and allowing each region of the combined starting materials to cool in a controlled manner, such that the desired inorganic crystalline compound results. The method also includes, prior to heating or melting the successive regions of the combined starting materials using the directed heat source, heating the combined starting materials to facilitate initial reaction of the combined starting materials. The method further includes translating the combined starting materials and/or the directed heat source between successive locations. The method still further includes controlling the mechanical, electrical, photonic, and/or optical properties of the inorganic crystalline compound.
C09K 11/88 - Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent, materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing selenium, tellurium or unspecified chalcogen elements
H01B 1/06 - Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materialsSelection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
B01J 19/12 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
B01J 19/08 - Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiationApparatus therefor
A sabot assembly includes a projectile and a housing dimensioned and configured for receiving the projectile. An air pressure cavity having a cavity diameter is disposed between a front end and a rear end of the housing. Air intake nozzles are in fluid communication with the air pressure cavity and each has a nozzle diameter less than the cavity diameter. In operation, air flows through the plurality of air intake nozzles and into the air pressure cavity upon firing of the projectile from a gun barrel to pressurize the air pressure cavity for assisting in separation of the housing from the projectile upon the sabot assembly exiting the gun barrel.
Disclosed is a sensor for detecting radiation. The sensor includes a ferromagnetic metal and a radiation sensitive material coupled to the ferromagnetic metal. The radiation sensitive material is operable to change a tensile stress of the ferromagnetic metal upon exposure to radiation. The radiation is detected based on changes in the magnetic switching characteristics of the ferromagnetic metal caused by the changes in the tensile stress.
G01N 27/72 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
G01N 27/74 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables of fluids
G01N 33/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups
G01V 5/00 - Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
G01N 27/80 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating mechanical hardness, e.g. by investigating saturation or remanence of ferromagnetic material
2 crystal. Optionally, the detection medium comprises a compound formed by the process of: melting a Group III element; adding a Group I element to the melted Group III element at a rate that allows the Group I and Group III elements to react thereby providing a single phase I-III compound; and adding a Group VI element to the single phase I-III compound and heating; wherein the Group I element includes lithium.
G01T 1/20 - Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
G01T 3/08 - Measuring neutron radiation with semiconductor detectors
G01T 1/36 - Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation
C30B 11/06 - Single-crystal-growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman- Stockbarger method adding crystallising materials or reactants forming it in situ to the melt at least one but not all components of the crystal composition being added
C30B 11/12 - Vaporous components, e.g. vapour-liquid-solid-growth
C30B 29/46 - Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
57.
HANDHELD DUAL THERMAL NEUTRON DETECTOR AND GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETER
A combined thermal neutron detector and gamma-ray spectrometer system, including: a first detection medium including a lithium chalcopyrite crystal operable for detecting neutrons; a gamma ray shielding material disposed adjacent to the first detection medium; a second detection medium including one of a doped metal halide, an elpasolite, and a high Z semiconductor scintillator crystal operable for detecting gamma rays; a neutron shielding material disposed adjacent to the second detection medium; and a photodetector coupled to the second detection medium also operable for detecting the gamma rays; wherein the first detection medium and the second detection medium do not overlap in an orthogonal plane to a radiation flux. Optionally, the first detection medium includes a 6LiInSe2 crystal. Optionally, the second detection medium includes a SrI2(Eu) scintillation crystal.
Disclosed is a sensor for detecting a target material. The sensor includes a ferromagnetic metal and a molecular recognition reagent coupled to the ferromagnetic metal. The molecular recognition reagent is operable to expand upon exposure to vapor or liquid from the target material such that the molecular recognition reagent changes a tensile stress upon the ferromagnetic metal. The target material is detected based on changes in the magnetic switching characteristics of the ferromagnetic metal caused by the changes in the tensile stress.
G01N 27/74 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables of fluids
G01N 27/72 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
G01N 1/22 - Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
G01N 33/00 - Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups
59.
Apparatus and method for the characterization of respirable aerosols
An apparatus for the characterization of respirable aerosols, including: a burn chamber configured to selectively contain a sample that is selectively heated to generate an aerosol; a heating assembly disposed within the burn chamber adjacent to the sample; and a sampling segment coupled to the burn chamber and configured to collect the aerosol such that it may be analyzed. The apparatus also includes an optional sight window disposed in a wall of the burn chamber such that the sample may be viewed during heating. Optionally, the sample includes one of a Lanthanide, an Actinide, and a Transition metal.
A photodetector device, including: a scintillator material operable for receiving incident radiation and emitting photons in response; a photodetector material coupled to the scintillator material operable for receiving the photons emitted by the scintillator material and generating a current in response, wherein the photodetector material includes a chalcopyrite semiconductor crystal; and a circuit coupled to the photodetector material operable for characterizing the incident radiation based on the current generated by the photodetector material. Optionally, the scintillator material includes a gamma scintillator material and the incident radiation received includes gamma rays. Optionally, the photodetector material is further operable for receiving thermal neutrons and generating a current in response. The circuit is further operable for characterizing the thermal neutrons based on the current generated by the photodetector material.
G01T 1/20 - Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
C30B 11/12 - Vaporous components, e.g. vapour-liquid-solid-growth
C30B 29/46 - Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
C30B 11/06 - Single-crystal-growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman- Stockbarger method adding crystallising materials or reactants forming it in situ to the melt at least one but not all components of the crystal composition being added
61.
Processes for fabricating composite reinforced material
A family of materials wherein nanostructures and/or nanotubes are incorporated into a multi-component material arrangement, such as a metallic or ceramic alloy or composite/aggregate, producing a new material or metallic/ceramic alloy. The new material has significantly increased strength, up to several thousands of times normal and perhaps substantially more, as well as significantly decreased weight. The new materials may be manufactured into a component where the nanostructure or nanostructure reinforcement is incorporated into the bulk and/or matrix material, or as a coating where the nanostructure or nanostructure reinforcement is incorporated into the coating or surface of a “normal” substrate material. The nanostructures are incorporated into the material structure either randomly or aligned, within grains, or along or across grain boundaries.
B22F 7/04 - Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
B22F 7/08 - Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
Methods and apparatuses for casting inorganic materials are provided. The inorganic materials include metals, metal alloys, metal hydrides and other materials. Thermal control zones may be established to control the propagation of a freeze front through the casting. Agitation from a mechanical blade or ultrasonic energy may be used to reduce porosity and shrinkage in the casting. After solidification of the casting, the casting apparatus may be used to anneal the cast part.
2) precursors by reactions enabled by the inherent energy provided by the process heat associated with coating deposition and, optionally, coating post-heat treatment. These hardface coatings are pyrophoric, thereby generating further reaction energy internally, and may be applied in a functionally graded manner. The hardface coatings may be deposited in the presence of a number of fluxing agents, beta stabilizers, densification aids, diffusional aids, and multimode particle size distributions to further enhance their performance characteristics.
B23K 35/32 - Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550°C
B23K 35/34 - Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material comprising compounds which yield metals when heated
C23C 10/30 - Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes using a layer of powder or paste on the surface
C23C 18/08 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of metallic material
C23C 18/12 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
6Li(n,α) reaction. The initial color is yellow and the modified color is one of orange and red. The annealing temperature is between about 450 degrees C. and about 650 degrees C. and the annealing time is between about 12 hrs and about 36 hrs.
C30B 29/46 - Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
H01L 21/67 - Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereofApparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components
C30B 11/12 - Vaporous components, e.g. vapour-liquid-solid-growth
Disclosed is a passive, in-situ pressure sensor. The sensor includes a sensing element having a ferromagnetic metal and a tension inducing mechanism coupled to the ferromagnetic metal. The tension inducing mechanism is operable to change a tensile stress upon the ferromagnetic metal based on a change in pressure in the sensing element. Changes in pressure are detected based on changes in the magnetic switching characteristics of the ferromagnetic metal when subjected to an alternating magnetic field caused by the change in the tensile stress. The sensing element is embeddable in a closed system for detecting pressure changes without the need for any penetrations of the system for power or data acquisition by detecting changes in the magnetic switching characteristics of the ferromagnetic metal caused by the tensile stress.
G01L 7/00 - Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements
G01L 7/06 - Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements in the form of elastically-deformable gauges of the bellows type
G01L 7/08 - Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements in the form of elastically-deformable gauges of the flexible-diaphragm type
G01L 5/00 - Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
A fluffy nano-material and method of manufacture are described. At 2000× magnification the fluffy nanomaterial has the appearance of raw, uncarded wool, with individual fiber lengths ranging from approximately four microns to twenty microns. Powder-based nanocatalysts are dispersed in the fluffy nanomaterial. The production of fluffy nanomaterial typically involves flowing about 125 cc/min of organic vapor at a pressure of about 400 torr over powder-based nano-catalysts for a period of time that may range from approximately thirty minutes to twenty-four hours.
An explosive bulk charge, including: a first contact surface configured to be selectively disposed substantially adjacent to a structure or material; a second end surface configured to selectively receive a detonator; and a curvilinear side surface joining the first contact surface and the second end surface. The first contact surface, the second end surface, and the curvilinear side surface form a bi-truncated hemispherical structure. The first contact surface, the second end surface, and the curvilinear side surface are formed from an explosive material. Optionally, the first contact surface and the second end surface each have a substantially circular shape. Optionally, the first contact surface and the second end surface consist of planar structures that are aligned substantially parallel or slightly tilted with respect to one another. The curvilinear side surface has one of a smooth curved geometry, an elliptical geometry, and a parabolic geometry.
The present disclosure provides a reactor cell assembly that utilizes a novel design and that is wholly or partially manufactured from Aluminum, such that reactions involving Hydrogen, for example, including solid-gas reactions and thermal decomposition reactions, are not affected by any degree of Hydrogen outgassing. This reactor cell assembly can be utilized in a wide range of optical and laser spectroscopy applications, as well as optical microscopy applications, including high-temperature and high-pressure applications. The result is that the elucidation of the role of Hydrogen in the reactions studied can be achieved. Various window assemblies can be utilized, such that high temperatures and high pressures can be accommodated and the signals obtained can be optimized.
An environmental cell assembly for use in microscopy and spectroscopy applications, including: an environmentally sealed body assembly configured to selectively hold and contain a sample; a plurality of ports manufactured into one or more surfaces of the body assembly for one or more of evacuating the body assembly and injecting a gas into or removing a gas from the body assembly; a port manufactured into a surface of the body assembly for receiving a translating stage configured to move the sample within the body assembly; and a port manufactured into a surface of the body assembly for receiving one or more lenses utilized in a microscopy or spectroscopy application; wherein the one or more lenses are disposed adjacent the sample without intervening structures disposed there between. The cell assembly also includes a port manufactured into a surface of the body assembly for retaining a window and providing visualization of the sample.
Composite structures having a reinforced material interjoined with a substrate, wherein the reinforced material comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of titanium monoboride, titanium diboride, and combinations thereof.
B05D 3/02 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
B23K 35/32 - Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550°C
B23K 35/34 - Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material comprising compounds which yield metals when heated
C09D 1/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
C23C 18/08 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of metallic material
C23C 18/12 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
B32B 15/04 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance
71.
Bulk semiconducting scintillator device for radiation detection
2, wherein III is a Group III element and VI is a Group VI element; wherein the Li-containing semiconductor compound is used in one or more of a first mode and a second mode, wherein: in the first mode, the Li-containing semiconductor compound is coupled to an electrical circuit under bias operable for measuring electron-hole pairs in the Li-containing semiconductor compound in the presence of neutrons and the Li-containing semiconductor compound is also coupled to current detection electronics operable for detecting a corresponding current in the Li-containing semiconductor compound; and, in the second mode, the Li-containing semiconductor compound is coupled to a photodetector operable for detecting photons generated in the Li-containing semiconductor compound in the presence of the neutrons.
Systems and methods for performing on-machine measurements and automatic part alignment, including: a measurement component operable for determining the position of a part on a machine; and an actuation component operable for adjusting the position of the part by contacting the part with a predetermined force responsive to the determined position of the part. The measurement component consists of a transducer. The actuation component consists of a linear actuator. Optionally, the measurement component and the actuation component consist of a single linear actuator operable for contacting the part with a first lighter force for determining the position of the part and with a second harder force for adjusting the position of the part. The actuation component is utilized in a substantially horizontal configuration and the effects of gravitational drop of the part are accounted for in the force applied and the timing of the contact.
G01B 5/24 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapersMeasuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for testing the alignment of axes
G01B 5/00 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
73.
Methods for synthesizing semiconductor quality chalcopyrite crystals for nonlinear optical and radiation detection applications and the like
2 compounds, including: melting a Group III element; adding a Group I element to the melted Group III element at a rate that allows the Group I and Group III elements to react thereby providing a single phase I-III compound; and adding a Group VI element to the single phase I-III compound under heat, with mixing, and/or via vapor transport. The Group III element is melted at a temperature of between about 200 degrees C. and about 700 degrees C. Preferably, the Group I element consists of a neutron absorber and the group III element consists of In or Ga. The Group VI element and the single phase I-III compound are heated to a temperature of between about 700 degrees C. and about 1000 degrees C. Preferably, the Group VI element consists of S, Se, or Te. Optionally, the method also includes doping with a Group IV element activator.
C30B 11/08 - Single-crystal-growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman- Stockbarger method adding crystallising materials or reactants forming it in situ to the melt every component of the crystal composition being added during the crystallisation
C30B 11/12 - Vaporous components, e.g. vapour-liquid-solid-growth
C30B 29/46 - Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
A method is provided for extracting hydrogen from lithium hydride. The method includes (a) heating lithium hydride to form liquid-phase lithium hydride; (b) extracting hydrogen from the liquid-phase lithium hydride, leaving residual liquid-phase lithium metal; (c) hydriding the residual liquid-phase lithium metal to form refined lithium hydride; and repeating steps (a) and (b) on the refined lithium hydride.
C01B 3/04 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
Provided herein are various embodiments of systems for casting thin metal plates and sheets. Typical embodiments include layers of mold cavities that are oriented vertically for casting the metal plates. In some embodiments, the mold cavities include a beveled edge such that the plates that are cast have a beveled edge. In some embodiments, the mold cavities are filled with a molten metal through an open horizontal edge of the cavity. In some embodiments, the mold cavities are filled through one or more vertical feed orifices. Further disclosed are methods for forming a thin cast metal plate or sheet where the thickness of the cast part is in a range from 0.005 inches to 0.2 inches, and the surface area of the cast part is in a range from 16 square inches to 144 square inches.
B22D 25/02 - Special casting characterised by the nature of the product by its peculiarity of shapeSpecial casting characterised by the nature of the product of works of art
B22C 9/20 - Stack moulds, i.e. arrangement of multiple moulds or flasks
Disclosed herein are processes for hot rolling billets of uranium that have been alloyed with about ten weight percent molybdenum to produce cold-rollable sheets that are about one hundred mils thick. In certain embodiments, the billets have a thickness of about ⅞ inch or greater. Disclosed processes typically involve a rolling schedule that includes a light rolling pass and at least one medium rolling pass. Processes may also include reheating the rolling stock and using one or more heavy rolling passes, and may include an annealing step.
Provided herein are various embodiments of systems for casting thin metal plates and sheets. Typical embodiments include layers of mold cavities that are oriented vertically for casting the metal plates. In some embodiments, the mold cavities include a beveled edge such that the plates that are cast have a beveled edge. In some embodiments, the mold cavities are filled with a molten metal through an open horizontal edge of the cavity. In some embodiments, the mold cavities are filled through one or more vertical feed orifices. Further disclosed are methods for forming a thin cast metal plate or sheet where the thickness of the cast part is in a range from 0.005 inches to 0.2 inches, and the surface area of the cast part is in a range from 16 square inches to 144 square inches.
Methods for fabricating anchored nanostructure materials are described. The methods include heating a nano-catalyst under a protective atmosphere to a temperature ranging from about 450° C. to about 1500° C. and contacting the heated nano-catalysts with an organic vapor to affix carbon nanostructures to the nano-catalysts and form the anchored nanostructure material.
B05D 3/10 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by other chemical means
79.
Method of producing catalytic material for fabricating nanostructures
Methods of fabricating nano-catalysts are described. In some embodiments the nano-catalyst is formed from a powder-based substrate material and is some embodiments the nano-catalyst is formed from a solid-based substrate material. In some embodiments the substrate material may include metal, ceramic, or silicon or another metalloid. The nano-catalysts typically have metal nanoparticles disposed adjacent the surface of the substrate material. The methods typically include functionalizing the surface of the substrate material with a chelating agent, such as a chemical having dissociated carboxyl functional groups (—COO), that provides an enhanced affinity for metal ions. The functionalized substrate surface may then be exposed to a chemical solution that contains metal ions. The metal ions are then bound to the substrate material and may then be reduced, such as by a stream of gas that includes hydrogen, to form metal nanoparticles adjacent the surface of the substrate.
A method of producing high purity lithium metal is provided, where gaseous-phase lithium metal is extracted from lithium hydride and condensed to form solid high purity lithium metal. The high purity lithium metal may be hydrided to provide high purity lithium hydride.
2) precursors by reactions enabled by the inherent energy provided by the process heat associated with coating deposition and, optionally, coating post-heat treatment. These hardface coatings are pyrophoric, thereby generating further reaction energy internally, and may be applied in a functionally graded manner. The hardface coatings may be deposited in the presence of a number of fluxing agents, beta stabilizers, densification aids, diffusional aids, and multimode particle size distributions to further enhance their performance characteristics.
B05D 3/02 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
B23K 35/32 - Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550°C
B23K 35/34 - Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material comprising compounds which yield metals when heated
C23C 4/12 - Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
C23C 10/30 - Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes using a layer of powder or paste on the surface
C23C 18/08 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of metallic material
C23C 18/12 - Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coatingContact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
C23C 24/04 - Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
C23C 24/10 - Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
C09D 1/00 - Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
B28B 1/00 - Producing shaped articles from the material
B28B 3/00 - Producing shaped articles from the material by using pressesPresses specially adapted therefor
B28B 5/00 - Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
B22F 1/00 - Metallic powderTreatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
B01J 37/18 - Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
B22F 1/02 - Special treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working, to improve properties; Metallic powders per se, e.g. mixtures of particles of different composition comprising coating of the powder
C22C 29/08 - Alloys based on carbides, oxides, borides, nitrides or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e. g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
A tamper detector is provided for safeguarding a radiological source that is moved into and out of a storage location through an access porthole for storage and use. The radiological source is presumed to have an associated shipping container approved by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for transporting the radiological source. The tamper detector typically includes a network of sealed tubing that spans at least a portion of the access porthole. There is an opening in the network of sealed tubing that is large enough for passage therethrough of the radiological source and small enough to prevent passage therethrough of the associated shipping cask. Generally a gas source connector is provided for establishing a gas pressure in the network of sealed tubing, and a pressure drop sensor is provided for detecting a drop in the gas pressure below a preset value.
A system for providing an adjustable blend of fluids to an application process is disclosed. The system uses a source of a first fluid flowing through at least one tube that is permeable to a second fluid and that is disposed in a source of the second fluid to provide the adjustable blend. The temperature of the second fluid is not regulated, and at least one calibration curve is used to predict the volumetric mixture ratio of the second fluid with the first fluid from the permeable tube. The system typically includes a differential pressure valve and a backpressure control valve to set the flow rate through the system.
Systems and methods are provided for measuring the permeance of a material. The permeability of the material may also be derived. Systems typically provide a liquid or high concentration fluid bath on one side of a material test sample, and a gas flow across the opposing side of the material test sample. The mass flow rate of permeated fluid as a fraction of the combined mass flow rate of gas and permeated fluid is used to calculate the permeance of the material. The material test sample may be a sheet, a tube, or a solid shape. Operational test conditions may be varied, including concentration of the fluid, temperature of the fluid, strain profile of the material test sample, and differential pressure across the material test sample.
A family of materials wherein nanostructures and/or nanotubes are incorporated into a multi-component material arrangement, such as a metallic or ceramic alloy or composite/aggregate, producing a new material or metallic/ceramic alloy. The new material has significantly increased strength, up to several thousands of times normal and perhaps substantially more, as well as significantly decreased weight. The new materials may be manufactured into a component where the nanostructure or nanostructure reinforcement is incorporated into the bulk and/or matrix material, or as a coating where the nanostructure or nanostructure reinforcement is incorporated into the coating or surface of a “normal” substrate material. The nanostructures are incorporated into the material structure either randomly or aligned, within grains, or along or across grain boundaries.
A method of removal of beryllium contamination from an article is disclosed. The method typically involves dissolving polyisobutylene in a solvent such as hexane to form a tackifier solution, soaking the substrate in the tackifier to produce a preform, and then drying the preform to produce the cleaning medium. The cleaning media are typically used dry, without any liquid cleaning agent to rub the surface of the article and remove the beryllium contamination below a non-detect level. In some embodiments no detectible residue is transferred from the cleaning wipe to the article as a result of the cleaning process.
B08B 7/00 - Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
B32B 5/02 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by structural features of a layer comprising fibres or filaments
B05D 3/02 - Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be appliedAfter-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
A system for measuring the permeance of a material. The permeability of the material may also be derived. The system provides a liquid or high concentration fluid bath on one side of a material test sample, and a gas flow across the opposing side of the material test sample. The mass flow rate of permeated fluid as a fraction of the combined mass flow rate of gas and permeated fluid is used to calculate the permeance of the material. The material test sample may be a sheet, a tube, or a solid shape. Operational test conditions may be varied, including concentration of the fluid, temperature of the fluid, strain profile of the material test sample, and differential pressure across the material test sample.
Disclosed are methods and systems for controlling of the microstructures of a soldered, brazed, welded, plated, cast, or vapor deposited manufactured component. The systems typically use relatively weak magnetic fields of either constant or varying flux to affect material properties within a manufactured component, typically without modifying the alloy, or changing the chemical composition of materials or altering the time, temperature, or transformation parameters of a manufacturing process. Such systems and processes may be used with components consisting of only materials that are conventionally characterized as be uninfluenced by magnetic forces.
C22F 1/00 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
C22F 3/00 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
C21D 9/00 - Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor
C22F 3/02 - Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons by solidifying a melt controlled by supersonic waves or electric or magnetic fields
90.
Method of forming and assembly of metal and ceramic parts
A method of forming and assembling at least two parts together that may be metal, ceramic, or a combination of metal and ceramic parts. Such parts may have different CTE. Individual parts that are formed and sintered from particles leave a network of interconnecting porosity in each sintered part. The separate parts are assembled together and then a fill material is infiltrated into the assembled parts using a method such as capillary action, gravity, and/or pressure. The assembly is then cured to yield a bonded and fully or near-fully dense part that has the desired physical and mechanical properties for the part's intended purpose. Structural strength may be added to the parts by the inclusion of fibrous materials.
B23K 31/02 - Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups relating to soldering or welding
Disclosed are various systems and methods for assessing and improving the capability of a machine tool. The disclosure applies to machine tools having at least one slide configured to move along a motion axis. Various patterns of dynamic excitation commands are employed to drive the one or more slides, typically involving repetitive short distance displacements. A quantification of a measurable merit of machine tool response to the one or more patterns of dynamic excitation commands is typically derived for the machine tool. Examples of measurable merits of machine tool performance include dynamic one axis positional accuracy of the machine tool, dynamic cross-axis stability of the machine tool, and dynamic multi-axis positional accuracy of the machine tool.
G05B 13/04 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
A furnace heats through both infrared radiation and convective air utilizing an infrared/purge gas design that enables improved temperature control to enable more uniform treatment of workpieces. The furnace utilizes lamps, the electrical end connections of which are located in an enclosure outside the furnace chamber, with the lamps extending into the furnace chamber through openings in the wall of the chamber. The enclosure is purged with gas, which gas flows from the enclosure into the furnace chamber via the openings in the wall of the chamber so that the gas flows above and around the lamps and is heated to form a convective mechanism in heating parts.
C21D 9/00 - Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articlesFurnaces therefor
F27B 9/06 - Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and chargeFurnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity electrically heated
F27B 9/04 - Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
F27D 11/12 - Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces with electromagnetic fields acting directly on the material being heated
F27D 7/06 - Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
F27D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F27B 9/02 - Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track typeFurnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-chamber typeCombinations of furnaces
93.
Method and apparatus for characterizing and enhancing the functional performance of machine tools
Disclosed are various systems and methods for assessing and improving the capability of a machine tool. The disclosure applies to machine tools having at least one slide configured to move along a motion axis. Various patterns of dynamic excitation commands are employed to drive the one or more slides, typically involving repetitive short distance displacements. A quantification of a measurable merit of machine tool response to the one or more patterns of dynamic excitation commands is typically derived for the machine tool. Examples of measurable merits of machine tool performance include workpiece surface finish, and the ability to generate chips of the desired length.
G05B 13/00 - Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
An apparatus for heat treating manufactured components using microwave energy and microwave susceptor material is disclosed. The system typically includes an insulating vessel placed within a microwave applicator chamber. A moderating material is positioned inside the insulating vessel so that a substantial portion of the exterior surface of each component for heat treating is in contact with the moderating material.
Disclosed are various seats for vehicles particularly military vehicles that are susceptible to attack by road-bed explosive devices such as land mines or improvised explosive devices. The seats often have rigid seat shells and may include rigid bracing for rigidly securing the seat to the chassis of the vehicle. Typically embodiments include channels and particulate media such as sand disposed in the channels. A gas distribution system is generally employed to pump a gas through the channels and in some embodiments the gas is provided at a pressure sufficient to fluidize the particulate media when an occupant is sitting on the seat.
B60N 2/42 - Seats specially adapted for vehiclesArrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats
B60R 21/231 - Inflatable members characterised by their shape, construction or spatial configuration
B60R 21/233 - Inflatable members characterised by their shape, construction or spatial configuration comprising a plurality of individual compartmentsInflatable members characterised by their shape, construction or spatial configuration comprising two or more bag-like members, one within the other
B60R 21/26 - Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
B60R 21/264 - Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous generation of gas, e.g. pyrotechnic
96.
Method of forming and assembly of metal parts and ceramic parts
A method of forming and assembling at least two parts together that may be metal, ceramic, or a combination of metal and ceramic parts. Such parts may have different CTE. Individual parts that are formed and sintered from particles leave a network of interconnecting porosity in each sintered part. The separate parts are assembled together and then a fill material is infiltrated into the assembled parts using a method such as capillary action, gravity, and/or pressure. The assembly is then cured to yield a bonded and fully or near-fully dense part that has the desired physical and mechanical properties for the part's intended purpose. Structural strength may be added to the parts by the inclusion of fibrous materials.
B23K 31/02 - Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups relating to soldering or welding
A system and method for high volume production of nanoparticles, nanotubes, and items incorporating nanoparticles and nanotubes. Microwave, radio frequency, or infrared energy vaporizes a metal catalyst which, as it condenses, is contacted by carbon or other elements such as silicon, germanium, or boron to form agglomerates. The agglomerates may be annealed to accelerate the production of nanotubes. Magnetic or electric fields may be used to align the nanotubes during their production. The nanotubes may be separated from the production byproducts in aligned or non-aligned configurations. The agglomerates may be formed directly into tools, optionally in compositions that incorporate other materials such as abrasives, binders, carbon-carbon composites, and cermets.
An apparatus for simulating special nuclear material is provided. The apparatus typically contains a small quantity of special nuclear material (SNM) in a configuration that simulates a much larger quantity of SNM. Generally the apparatus includes a spherical shell that is formed from an alloy containing a small quantity of highly enriched uranium. Also typically provided is a core of depleted uranium. A spacer, typically aluminum, may be used to separate the depleted uranium from the shell of uranium alloy. A cladding, typically made of titanium, is provided to seal the source. Methods are provided to simulate SNM for testing radiation monitoring portals. Typically the methods use at least one primary SNM spectral line and exclude at least one secondary SNM spectral line.
Systems for heat treating materials are presented. The systems typically involve a fluidized bed that contains granulated heat treating material. In some embodiments a fluid, such as an inert gas, is flowed through the granulated heat treating medium, which homogenizes the temperature of the heat treating medium. In some embodiments the fluid may be heated in a heating vessel and flowed into the process chamber where the fluid is then flowed through the granulated heat treating medium. In some embodiments the heat treating material may be liquid or granulated heat treating material and the heat treating material may be circulated through a heating vessel into a process chamber where the heat treating material contacts the material to be heat treated. Microwave energy may be used to provide the source of heat for heat treating systems.
Methods of fabricating a uranium-bearing foil are described. The foil may be substantially pure uranium, or may be a uranium alloy such as a uranium-molybdenum alloy. The method typically includes a series of hot rolling operations on a cast plate material to form a thin sheet. These hot rolling operations are typically performed using a process where each pass reduces the thickness of the plate by a substantially constant percentage. The sheet is typically then annealed and then cooled. The process typically concludes with a series of cold rolling passes where each pass reduces the thickness of the plate by a substantially constant thickness amount to form the foil.
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