A process for producing syngas from a carbonaceous substance and/or treating a carbonaceous substance, the process including the following steps: a) reducing the surface moisture of the carbonaceous substance; b) reducing the inherent moisture of the carbonaceous substance; and, c) gasifying the carbonaceous substance to produce syngas, wherein at step a) the carbonaceous substance is directly contacted with a hot gas at a temperature of between 50°C to 250°C, and/or the carbonaceous substance is indirectly contacted with saturated steam at a temperature of between 105°C and 250°C.
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
A reactor for contacting a fluid with a granular solid, the reactor including: a reactor housing including a reaction zone in which the fluid and the granular solid are contacted together; a granular solids inlet adapted to deliver a bed of granular solids into the reaction zone wherein the height and/or width dimension of the bed of the granular solids is substantially less than the length of the bed; a plurality of fluid inlets for delivering the fluid into the reaction zone, whereby the delivery of the fluid into the reaction zone at least partially fluidises the bed of granular solids; a granular solids outlet for receiving the bed of granular solids after having passed through the reaction zone; and, a fluid outlet for receiving the fluid, and any entrained particles, after the fluid has passed through the reaction zone.
B01J 8/36 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed through which there is an essentially horizontal flow of particles
F26B 3/084 - Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed with heat exchange taking place in the fluidised bed
C10B 47/24 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
F23C 10/00 - Apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles
F26B 17/10 - Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle
3.
PROCESS, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR PASSIVATING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
A process, system and apparatus is provided for passivating carbonaceous material against spontaneous combustion. The process involves drying the carbonaceous material in a low oxygen environment and pre-conditioning the carbonaceous material by contacting it with volatile matter contained in a countercurrent gas stream. The volatile matter coats the particles of dried carbonaceous material and plugs the micropores of the dried carbonaceous material, thereby passivating it against adsorption of water and oxygen, and thus spontaneous combustion. The pre-conditioned dried material then undergoes devolatilisation at temperatures at which volatile matter is evolved. The evolved volatile matter mixes with the countercurrent gas stream and is used to pre-condition dried carbonaceous material located upstream.
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