A two stage refuse gasification combustion system for processing refuse is disclosed. The system may contain features such as an advancer, a first and second gasifier, a gas regulator, and a post combustor. Additionally, methods for regulating gas and advancing refuse through a two stage refuse gasification combustion system are disclosed.
F23G 5/027 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying
B09B 3/00 - Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
C10J 3/00 - Production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, e.g. synthesis gas or town gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes involving oxygen or steam
A dry ash collector (100) for a combustion system comprising a reception zone (41) for receiving falling ash from a furnace (20) and an ash zone (42) providing a container for storing falling ash. An ash seal (102) is formed by falling ash filling the ash zone (42) thereby forming the seal (102) to prevent outside air from entering into the reception zone (41). Furthermore the ash collector (100) comprises spray nozzles (120) for spraying water into the reception zone (41) to cool the ash as it falls into the ash zone (42); a controller connected to a water sensor (140) for increasing or decreasing flow rates of water entering the reception (41) and connected to the ash level sensor (130) for slowing down the speed or reducing the movement rate of a ram (150) to maintain the ash seal (102); a heat sensor (110) in the reception zone (41) for the falling ash connected to the controller increasing or decreasing a flow rate or spray interval of water depending on measured temperature.
An aerodynamic tube shield (2) comprised of a body (10) such as a semi - cylindrical body for protecting against a tube's (4) hostile environment and first and second fins (20, 20 ' ), which may be tapered, for redirecting the flow of gas in the area around the tube (4).
A two stage refuse gasification combustion system (50) for processing refuse is disclosed. The system may contain features such as an advancer (700), a first (102) and second (103) gasifier, a gas regulator (400), and a post combustor (104). Additionally, methods for regulating gas and advancing refuse through the two stage refuse gasification combustion system (50) are disclosed.
F23G 5/027 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying
F23G 5/16 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
Systems and methods for effectively combusting municipal waste are disclosed. Aspects of the present invention provide improved techniques for increasing efficiency of combusting municipal waste as well as decreasing emission of harmful gases. In one aspect of the present invention a system is provided which includes a post combustor (10) for combusting gasified waste. In another aspect of the present invention, a method for using the post combustor (10) to gasify the waste is provided.
F23G 5/027 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying
F23G 5/16 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels including supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
F23G 5/32 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of waste or low-grade fuels in which the waste or low-grade fuel is subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
F23N 5/02 - Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
Through the addition of tertiary air and a reduction of secondary air, NOx emissions from a waste-to-energy (WTE) boiler may be reduced. The tertiary air is added to the WTE at a distance from the secondary air, in a boiler region of relatively lower temperatures. A secondary NOx reduction system, such as a selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) system using ammonia or urea, may also be added to the boiler with tertiary air to achieve desirable high levels of NOx reductions. The SNCR additives are introduced to the WTE boiler proximate to the tertiary air.
The present invention controls reagent flow levels in a selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) system by more accurately predicting Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) production with a municipal waste combustor. In one embodiment, the reagent levels correspond with measured furnace temperatures. The reagent levels may have a baseline level from prior measured NOx that is then modified according to temperatures measurements. A slow controller may use NOx measurements over an extended period to define a base regent level, and a fast controller may use additional information such as the furnace temperature to modify the base regent level. The fast controller may further receive two additional signals that are added individually or together to maximize NOx control while minimizing ammonia slip from the reagent. The two signals are a feed-forward signal from the combustion controller and a feedback signal from an ammonia analyzer downstream of the combustion zone.
Having an indication of changes to the heating value of municipal solid waste (MSW) and having a means to control it before the MSW is fed to the boiler enables improved combustion control and increased capacity of waste-to-energy boilers. The moisture content of MSW has a significant impact on its heating value and on boiler efficiency when combusted. Changes in moisture content also change the density of the MSW. Directly measuring the density of the MSW prior to feeding it to the boiler permits controlled addition of additional water or liquid waste to reduce the variance of the MSW heating value.
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