Abstract

A cyclic olefin copolymer comprises a structural unit represented by Formula (I) and a structural unit represented by Formula (II) 2 are not both hydrogen. The present invention also provides a curable composition comprising the cyclic olefin copolymer described above, a composite product comprising a substrate and a cured product formed from the curable composition, and a laminate comprising the cured product or the composite product.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 232/08 - Copolymers of cyclic compounds containing no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain, and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a carbocyclic ring system having condensed rings
• C08F 220/40 - Esters of unsaturated alcohols
• C08J 5/24 - Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
• C08L 71/12 - Polyphenylene oxides
• H05K 1/03 - Use of materials for the substrate

Abstract

A method for manufacturing negative electrode material particles includes the steps of: mixing silicon oxide granules with a powder of a pitch without using any liquid organic solvents, so as to obtain a mixture; and heating the mixture at a heating rate ranging from 0.65° C./min to 1.25° C./min to a carbonization temperature of not lower than 600° C. for not less than 5 hours, so that the thus melted pitch is carbonized and forms a carbon film on a surface of each of the silicon oxide granules, thereby obtaining the negative electrode material particles. Each of the negative electrode material particles has a mean particle size ranging from 2 μm to 11 μm.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
• C01B 33/18 - Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel formAfter-treatment thereof
• H01M 4/48 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
• H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals

Abstract

Disclosed is a manufacturing method of a lithium-ion capacitor, comprising a positive electrode production step of mixing a lithium-rich material, activated carbon, a conductive additive and a aqueous adhesive to form a slurry by using water as a solvent, and then applying the slurry to a carbon-coated aluminum foil to form a positive electrode sheet; a negative electrode production step of mixing a negative electrode material, a conductive additive and a aqueous adhesive to form a slurry by using water as a solvent, and then applying the slurry to a copper foil to form a negative electrode sheet; and an assemble step of assembling the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, an electrolyte and a separator into a capacitor without pre-lithiation.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01G 11/86 - Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes

Abstract

Disclosed is an all-solid-state lithium battery, characterized in that an anode of the all-solid-state lithium battery comprises solid lithium metal, a solid-state electrolyte of the all-solid-state lithium battery comprises lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide, and a joint interface region between the anode and the solid-state electrolyte contains at least lithium nitride and lithium alloy.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/40 - Alloys based on alkali metals
• C01G 15/00 - Compounds of gallium, indium, or thallium
• C01G 25/00 - Compounds of zirconium
• H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
• H01M 10/052 - Li-accumulators
• H01M 10/0562 - Solid materials

Abstract

A lithium nickel manganese oxide core-shell material, comprising a core, composed of a first lithium nickel manganese oxide material; and a shell, covering the core and composed of a second lithium nickel manganese oxide material, wherein the first lithium nickel manganese oxide material and the second lithium nickel manganese oxide material contain manganese and nickel, and the ratio of manganese and nickel in the first lithium nickel manganese oxide material is different from the ratio of manganese and nickel in the second lithium nickel manganese oxide material.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01G 53/00 - Compounds of nickel

Abstract

A preparation method of soft carbon comprises heating heavy oil to raw coke under a condition of 480° C.-550° C., heating the raw coke to 850° C.-900° C. at a first heating rate of 3° C./min to 5° C./min and holding the temperature for 4 hours or more to obtain a carbon-containing material, grinding and grading the carbon-containing material to obtain a carbon-containing powder, heating the carbon-containing powder to 1030° C.-1220° C. at a second heating rate of 3° C./min to 10° C./min and holding the temperature for 4 hours or more to obtain a carbon material powder, and adding pitch to the carbon material powder, and then heating it to 1030° C.-1220° C. at a third heating rate of 0.90° C./min to 1.25° C./min and holding the temperature for 5 hours or more to obtain soft carbon.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
• C01B 32/318 - Preparation characterised by the starting materials
• C01B 32/342 - Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a multi-porous biomass carbon material, comprising: a material preparation step of preparing a raw material mixture by evenly mixing a biomass carbon source and an oxidant at a stirring temperature; a reduction-oxidation step of heating the raw material mixture in an oxygen-deficient environment and making the raw material mixture undergo a reduction-oxidation reaction to obtain an original product; a first-pickling-drying step of pickling the original product to obtain a first-pickling product, performing a drying treatment thereon to obtain a dried product; a heat treatment step of heating the dried product at a heat treatment temperature in an oxygen-deficient thereby obtaining a volatile-component-removed product; and a second-pickling-drying step of making the second-pickling product become the multi-porous biomass carbon material.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/05 - Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups , , ,

Abstract

The present invention discloses a glucosamine derivative nanoparticle and preparation method and use thereof. By self-assembling glucosamine derivatives and ethanol into the form of nanoparticles, the skin penetration rate and cell absorption rate of glucosamine are improved, and at the same time the toxicity to cells and organisms is reduced. The problem of poor absorption of glucosamine is improved by using glucosamine derivative nanoparticles. Furthermore, the glucosamine derivative nanoparticles can be used as a delivery carrier to cover and bring the specified ingredients into the cells or stratum corneum, and to increase the skin penetration rate and cell absorption rate of the specified ingredients.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07H 1/00 - Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
• B82Y 5/00 - Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
• C07H 5/06 - Aminosugars

Abstract

+, the first constant C-rate being not greater than 5 C; prelithiating the soft carbon negative electrode at a second constant C-rate until the voltage thereof is reduced to a second predetermined voltage lower than the first predetermined voltage, the second constant C-rate being not greater than 0.2 C and being less than the first constant C-rate; and prelithiating the soft carbon negative electrode at a prelithiation constant voltage which is not greater than the second predetermined voltage, thereby completing prelithiation of the soft carbon negative electrode.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01G 11/86 - Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
• H01G 11/06 - Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
• H01G 11/32 - Carbon-based
• H01G 11/50 - Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
• C25D 5/54 - Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces

Abstract

Disclosed is an anode material for a lithium-ion secondary battery, comprising: lithium titanate and a modified layer coating on the surface of the lithium titanate, wherein the modified layer is a fluorocarbon. The anode material forms a surface modification containing C—F bond on the surface of lithium oxide and can be used for the lithium electronic secondary battery, and the lithium electronic secondary battery comprises the anode material can avoid the formation of solid electrolyte layer on the surface of the electrode and obtain good conductivity and avoid gas production.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/36 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
• H01M 4/04 - Processes of manufacture in general
• H01M 4/58 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFySelection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
• H01M 4/583 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• H01M 4/62 - Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
• H01M 4/66 - Selection of materials
• H01M 10/04 - Construction or manufacture in general
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries

Abstract

A method for making a carbon material for an anode of a lithium-ion secondary battery includes a sequence of: a) heating a heavy hydrocarbon oil to obtain a green coke, b) a heating the green coke to form a carbon-containing material, c) grinding the carbon-containing material into a powder, and collecting a portion of the powder, d) heating the portion of the powder to obtain a carbonaceous powder, and e) adding pitch to the carbonaceous powder and heating the pitch-contained carbonaceous powder. A lithium-ion secondary battery, which includes the anode having the carbon material, is also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
• C01B 32/05 - Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups , , ,
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries

Abstract

A method for treating a waste liquid comprises: step (A), adding a precursory oxidant to a waste liquid having a temperature of 25-70° C.; wherein, the precursory oxidant is hydrogen peroxide or sodium percarbonate, and in mg/L, a ratio of the precursory oxidant/the total amount of sulfide is 2.20 to 6.37; step (B), mixing an advanced oxidant and the waste liquid after step (A); wherein, the advanced oxidant is sodium persulfate or potassium persulfate, and in mg/L, a ratio of the advanced oxidant/COD after step (A) is 7.63 to 33.27; step (C), using UV illumination method to illuminate the oxidant dissolved in the waste liquid after step (B), and aerated with oxygen-containing gas. By the above-described method, it can achieve the purpose of sulfide conversion and degradation and removal of organic pollution composition under the condition free of the generation of H2S.

IPC Classes  ?

• C02F 9/00 - Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage

Abstract

A lithium-ion battery electrolyte is provided. The lithium-ion battery electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, a non-aqueous solvent and an additive; wherein the additive has a structure of formula (1) below: A lithium-ion battery electrolyte is provided. The lithium-ion battery electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, a non-aqueous solvent and an additive; wherein the additive has a structure of formula (1) below: wherein, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine. By using the lithium-ion battery electrolyte to which the aforementioned additive is added and the lithium-ion battery, an effective passivation film (CEI film) can be formed, and the cycle life of the battery can be increased.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 10/0567 - Liquid materials characterised by the additives
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries
• H01M 10/0569 - Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
• H01M 10/0568 - Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
• H01M 4/587 - Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
• H01M 4/525 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• H01M 4/505 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy

Abstract

A lithium titanate/titanium niobate core-shell composite material includes a core which comprises lithium titanate; and a shell which is cladded over the core and comprises titanium niobate. A preparation method of lithium titanate/titanium niobate core-shell composite material includes (A) mixing lithium titanate powder and titanium niobate powder; and (B) granulating the mixture produced by step (A) through a spray granulation process to obtain a lithium titanate/titanium niobate composite material with titanium niobate cladding over lithium titanate. The lithium titanate/titanium niobate core-shell composite material and the preparation method thereof can be applied to a battery.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01G 23/00 - Compounds of titanium
• C01G 33/00 - Compounds of niobium
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodesLithium-ion batteries

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a low-dissipation flexible copper clad laminate, which includes a copper foil and a polyimide film. The polyimide film is attached to the copper foil. The polyimide film includes a polyimide, and the polyimide has a structure represented by formula (I). Formula (I) is defined as in the specification.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 73/10 - PolyimidesPolyester-imidesPolyamide-imidesPolyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
• B32B 15/08 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin
• B32B 15/20 - Layered products essentially comprising metal comprising aluminium or copper
• B32B 27/28 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin comprising copolymers of synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the following subgroups
• C08G 73/16 - Polyester-imides
• C09D 179/08 - PolyimidesPolyester-imidesPolyamide-imidesPolyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
• H05K 1/03 - Use of materials for the substrate
• H05K 1/09 - Use of materials for the metallic pattern

Abstract

A method for preparing artificial graphite includes (A) preparing heavy oil, and forming coke from the heavy oil through continuous coking reaction such that the coke has a plurality of mesophase domains, wherein a size of the mesophase domains ranges between 1 and 30 μm by polarizing microscope analysis; and (B) processing the coke formed by step (A) sequentially by pre-burning carbonization treatment, grinding classification, high-temperature carbonization treatment and graphitization treatment to form polycrystalline artificial graphite from the coke. The method for preparing artificial graphite of the present invention and the polycrystalline artificial graphite prepared thereby are applicable to batteries.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/205 - Preparation

Abstract

A method is provided for processing wastewater having organics even together with high-concentration ammonia-nitrogen, using an apparatus, comprising a catalyzation tank and a subsequent neutralization tank. Organic ammonia-nitrogen wastewater is introduced into tank for reaction without being pre-adjusted by acidic agent or mixing with other additives. A persulfate oxidant is used to process high-efficiency oxidative degradation for ammonia-nitrogen and toxic organics in wastewater through catalyzing oxidation of ultraviolet activation, tiny-amount-transition-metal catalyzation, or both of them, for simultaneous reductions or complete removals of ammonia-nitrogen and organic carbon contents. After neutralization according to actual needs, the final output is complied with biological treatment conditions, discharged-water quality standards, or recycled-water standards. With the high-efficiency catalyzing oxidation, various toxic organics, aromatics, and heterocyclic compounds are degraded; furthermore, ammonia-nitrogen are converted into non-toxic nitrogen gas and nitrate-nitrogen. Finally, ammonia-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen in wastewater can be reduced with efficiency, or even completely removed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C02F 1/72 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
• C02F 1/32 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
• C02F 1/66 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisationTreatment of water, waste water, or sewage pH adjustment
• C02F 101/16 - Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
• C02F 101/30 - Organic compounds
• C02F 103/06 - Contaminated groundwater or leachate
• C02F 103/36 - Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the chemical industry not provided for in groups from the manufacture of organic compounds

Abstract

An oligomer (2,6-dimethylphenylene ether) is provided. Its structure is shown as follows: 2—, or and a hydrogen, The features of the cured products include a high glass-transition temperature, a low dielectric feature, preferred thermal stability, and good flame retardancy. The present invention effectively controls the number-average molecular weight of the product to obtain excellent organic solubility.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 65/44 - Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols by oxidation of phenols
• C08G 65/48 - Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment

Abstract

A phosphinated (2,6-dimethylphenyl ether) oligomer, preparation method thereof and cured product. The phosphinated (2,6-dimethylphenyl ether) oligomer includes a structure represented by Formula (1): 2— or 3 are independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or phenyl; n and m are independently an integer from 0 to 300; p and q are independently an integer from 1 to 4; Y is hydrogen, U and V are independently an aliphatic structure.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08G 65/48 - Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
• C08F 4/38 - Mixtures of peroxy-compounds
• C08K 5/3415 - Five-membered rings
• C08K 5/3432 - Six-membered rings
• C08K 5/5399 - Phosphorus bound to nitrogen

Abstract

(101)) of the crystal plane (002) to the crystal plane (101) obtained by XRD analysis being less than 60; performing an alkaline activation on the initial soft carbon material with an alkaline activator to obtain a first processing carbon material; and performing an electrochemical activation on the first processing carbon material with an electrolyte to obtain the soft carbon material for the high-voltage supercapacitors.

IPC Classes  ?

• B32B 9/00 - Layered products essentially comprising a particular substance not covered by groups
• H01G 11/86 - Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
• H01G 11/34 - Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
• H01G 11/24 - Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosityElectrodes characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
• C01B 32/348 - Metallic compounds
• H01G 11/60 - Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solvent

Abstract

A method for making a soft carbon includes providing a coke, and subjecting the coke to a carbonization process. The carbonization process includes a preliminary calcination treatment conducted by calcining the coke at a first temperature ranging from 800° C. to 1000° C. to obtain a pre-calcinated coke, followed by a main calcination treatment conducted by calcining the pre-calcinated coke at a second temperature ranging from 1000° C. to 1200° C., and/or a surface-modifying calcination treatment conducted by calcining the pre-calcinated coke in the presence of a carbonaceous material for modifying surfaces thereof at a third temperature ranging from 1000° C. to 1200° C. A soft carbon made by the method is also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/05 - Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups , , ,
• C10B 53/07 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
• C10B 57/02 - Multi-step carbonising or coking processes

Abstract

Disclosures of the present invention mainly describe a method for manufacturing perovskite solar cell module. At first, a laser scribing is adopted for forming multi transparent conductive films (TCFs) on a transparent substrate. Subsequently, by using a first mask, multi HTLs, active layers, and ETLs are sequentially formed on the TCFs. Consequently, by the use of a second make, each of the ETLs is formed with an electrically connecting layer thereon, such that a perovskite solar cell module comprising a plurality of solar cell units is hence completed on the transparent substrate. It is worth explaining that, during the whole manufacturing process, each of the solar cell units is prevented from receiving bad influences that are provided by laser scribing or manufacture environment, such that each of the solar cell units is able to exhibit outstanding photoelectric conversion efficiency.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01G 9/20 - Light-sensitive devices
• H01G 9/00 - Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devicesProcesses of their manufacture
• H01L 51/42 - Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
• H01L 51/44 - Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation - Details of devices
• H01L 31/0463 - PV modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate characterised by special patterning methods to connect the PV cells in a module, e.g. laser cutting of the conductive or active layers
• H01L 21/203 - Deposition of semiconductor materials on a substrate, e.g. epitaxial growth using physical deposition, e.g. vacuum deposition, sputtering
• H01L 21/768 - Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device
• H01L 45/00 - Solid state devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating, or switching without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. dielectric triodes; Ovshinsky-effect devices; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof
• H01L 51/00 - Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof

Abstract

A method is provided for fabricating a diol containing a bis-cycloaliphate. The diol is hydrogenated with hydrogen and a catalyst. Therein, the diol has a bis-aromatic. The catalyst comprises an active metal and a catalyst carrier. The active metal is a VIII-B-group transition element. The catalyst carrier is an oxide of IV-B-group element. Thus, the diol containing the bis-cycloaliphate is generated.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/20 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds in six-membered aromatic rings in non-condensed rings substituted with hydroxy groups

Abstract

The present invention discloses a process for making alicyclic polycarboxylic acids or their derivatives, referring to a process for hydrogenating aromatic polycarboxylic acids or their derivatives in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst to form alicyclic polycarboxylic acids or their derivatives, and the catalyst comprises at least one active metal of group VIIIB transition elements of the periodic table of elements, and a catalyst support comprising group IIA and group IIIA elements in a specific weight ratio.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 67/303 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by hydrogenation of unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
• B01J 27/13 - Platinum group metals
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 21/10 - MagnesiumOxides or hydroxides thereof

Abstract

A method of preparing bio-polyols from epoxidized fatty acid esters, wherein the bio-polyols are synthesized via hydroxylation with epoxidized fatty acid esters and ring-opening reagent, using the acidic ionic liquids as catalysts. The bio-polyols are used to synthesize bio-polyurethane and bio-polyurethane foams. The acidic ionic liquids in this process is used in esterification, epoxidation, and ring-opening reaction to synthesize bio-polyols. The ionic liquids catalysts have several advantages such as easy to separate, reusable, and may reduce pollution.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/48 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by oxidation reactions with formation of hydroxy groups
• C08G 18/32 - Polyhydroxy compoundsPolyaminesHydroxy amines
• C07C 27/34 - PurificationSeparationStabilisation by extraction
• B01J 31/02 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
• C07C 69/675 - Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O-metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids of saturated hydroxy-carboxylic acids
• C07D 303/42 - Acyclic compounds having a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. epoxidised fats

Abstract

This invention discloses the process for hydrogenation of aromatic polycarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, hydrogenation of aromatic polycarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof can be achieved in the present of the catalyst, which consist at least one metal of the eighth transition group of the Periodic Table as the active metal while group IIA and group IVA elements are included as the catalyst support.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 67/303 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by hydrogenation of unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
• B01J 21/16 - Clays or other mineral silicates
• B01J 27/25 - Nitrates

Abstract

In order to develop a high combustion heat and stable bio-oil for safer transportation. The present invention discloses a low carbon bio-oil, selected from the group consisting of a thermo-chemical oil product, a fatty acid containing bio-oil and a bio-alcohol. The invention also discloses a preparation method of preparing the low carbon bio-oil.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/188 - Carboxylic acidsSalts thereof
• C10L 3/08 - Production of synthetic natural gas
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groupsSalts thereof
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10G 19/04 - Refining hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by alkaline treatment with aqueous alkaline solutions containing solubilisers, e.g. solutisers

Abstract

The invention provides a method for making multiporous carbon material from a bio-oil produced by a biomass thermochemical process. The bio-oil is blended with a resin and a Zinc Oxide (ZnO) template as a major component of a precursor. The pore sizes of the carbon material made by the invention comprise mesopores and micropores to form the multiporous carbon material. The main production steps include: (1) mixing the precursor with a crusher, (2) packing the precursor, (3) heating for carbonization: holding 350° C. for 1 hour then holding 900° C. for 2 hours, and (4) washing the ZnO with hydrochloric acid by adjusting the pH value to less than 1.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 32/318 - Preparation characterised by the starting materials
• C01B 32/348 - Metallic compounds
• C01B 32/342 - Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents

Abstract

Synthesizing bio-plasticizers with acidic ionic liquids as catalysts. The acidic ionic liquids are Bronsted acidic ionic liquids, which are composed of alkyl sulfone pyridinium and strong Bronsted acid. Epoxidized fatty acid alkyl esters could be obtained via epoxidation of fatty acid alkyl esters using the acidic ionic liquids as catalysts. The epoxidized fatty acid alkyl esters perform well as bio-plasticizers, which could be substituted for phthalate ester plasticizers. The acidic ionic liquids catalysts provide good catalytic performance, are easy to separate, reusable, and may reduce corrosion of pipelines.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07D 301/12 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with hydrogen peroxide or inorganic peroxides or peracids
• C08K 5/1515 - Three-membered rings

Abstract

Fatty acids are produced through transacylation. An organic nitrogen-containing compound is reacted with alkyl sultone to generate a white solid of a zwitterionic compound. After being purified and dried, the white solid is powdered to be reacted with a Bronsted strong acid for obtaining a clear viscous water-based acidic ionic liquid (IL) as a catalyst used used to effectively process transacylation between oil and acetic acid (HOAc) for fabricating fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol triacetate (GTA). Therein, unsaturated fatty acid is simultaneously processed through addition acetoxylation to obtain stabilized acetoxy fatty acid (AFFA). After, HOAc is recycled through vacuuming. Then, the product and the IL are stratified. The product at upper layer is taken out. The IL at lower layer can be recycled for processing transacylation and addition acetoxylation repeatedly. Therein, fatty acids including the stabilized AFFA are obtained from the product after taking out GTA through vacuum distillation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 67/29 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of oxygen-containing functional groups
• C07C 67/04 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
• C07C 51/00 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides
• C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
• C07C 67/02 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by interreacting ester groups, i.e. transesterification

Abstract

Various substantially styrene-, methylstyrene- and ethylbenzene-free C6-C9 aromatic hydrocarbon blends are produced from a hydrocarbon feed stream containing C5-C9 aromatic hydrocarbons including styrene, methylstyrene and sulphur compounds by first separating the stream into a distillate containing C5- C7 hydrocarbons, and a bottoms fraction containing C8 and C9 hydrocarbons; and converting the styrene and methylstyrene to their corresponding ethers by reacting with a C1-C3 lower alcohol in the presence of a selective acidic etherification catalyst. The effluent may be sent to a gasoline pool for blending or the effluent is separated by distillation into an ether stream and either a C8 or a C8-C9 aromatic hydrocarbon rich stream. The C5-C7 distillate is hydrogenated.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 67/14 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only plural serial stages only including at least two different refining steps in the absence of hydrogen
• C07C 43/164 - Unsaturated ethers containing six-membered aromatic rings

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for breaking microalgal walls while extracting oil and simultaneously esterfying algal oil with a water-tolerant acidic ionic liquid. This acidic ionic liquid is utilized to extract an algal oil in a methanol-hexane solvent, and at the same time, to perform a process for esterfying the algal oil; and the acidic ionic liquid and the methanol-hexane solvent in the process can both be recycled and re-used.

IPC Classes  ?

• C11B 1/10 - Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
• C11B 3/04 - Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with acids

Abstract

A method for producing adamantane includes the steps of preparing a catalytic composition including an acidic ionic liquid and a co-catalyst and subjecting a tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene-containing component to isomerization in the presence of the catalytic composition to form adamantane. The acidic ionic liquid includes aluminum chloride and a quaternary onium compound selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium halide, a quaternary phosphonium halide, and a combination thereof. The co-catalyst is an oxygen-containing reagent.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 5/29 - Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton changing the number of carbon atoms in a ring while maintaining the number of rings
• B01J 31/08 - Ion-exchange resins
• B01J 31/02 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides

Abstract

A two-stage sealed magnetic filter continuously removes magnetic and non-magnetic contaminants from liquid process streams. Elongated non-magnetic holder sleeves (13) encasing magnet bars attract magnetic contamtnants while a screen cylinder (14) captures non-magnetic contaminants. The magnet bars are accessible without having to open the interior (30) of the housing (1) to the environment. Thus, during maintenance, removing the magnet bars from the holder sleeves releases the magnetic contaminants that have adhered to the holder sleeves into the screen cylinder which partially encloses the holder sleeves. Contaminants are flushed out of the magnetic filter without exposing workers to potentially hazardous substances. Polymeric sludge occluded with iron compounds can be effectively removed from streams in refineries and chemical plants. The iron compounds are formed from carbon steel which is prevalent in plant machinery and that corrodes in the presence of acidic contaminants.

IPC Classes  ?

• B03C 1/28 - Magnetic plugs and dipsticks
• B03C 1/30 - Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
• B01D 35/06 - Filters making use of electricity or magnetism

Abstract

A method for cross connecting the lean solvent supply lines between the liquid- liquid extraction. (LLE) and the extractive distillation (ED) processes thereby using the LLE column as the outlet for removing accumulated heavy hydrocarbons (HCs) and polymeric materials from the solvent loop of both processes to maintain their solvent •performance. The unique capabilities of the LLE column in rejecting heavy HCs from the solvent into a raffinate product stream that leaves the system enable the removal of the accumulated heavy i:!Cs and polymeric materials from the closed solvent loop of the ED process when their lean solvent loop are cross connected. Cross connection requires minimum equipment change. In the revamped system, the solvent recovery column (SRC) in LLE process supplies lean solvent for the extractive distillation column while the SRC of the ED process supplies lean solvent for LLE column.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 21/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent
• C10G 7/08 - Azeotropic or extractive distillation
• B01D 11/04 - Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
• C10G 21/27 - Organic compounds not provided for in a single one of groups
• C10G 53/16 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural parallel stages only
• C07C 7/10 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by extraction, i.e. purification or separation of liquid hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids

Abstract

Non-basic and non-acidic homogeneous catalysts organo-metaHic compound of the formula: M(OCH3)x wherein Mis B, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, A1 Sn, Sb, Mo, Ag, and Cd and x is an integer from 2, 3 or 4 can catalyze transesterifi cation of oils and fats having high free fatty acid corrtent and with an acid number from 0.5 to 20, into biodiesel. B(QCt-3)3 and GeB(QCt-3)4, having Sow boiling points, are easily recovered from the biodiesel and glycerol phases and recycled for reuse. Continuous biodiesel production with the novel homogenous catalysts is achieved without the complicated and troublesome steps attendant with conventional processes using base or acid homogeneous catalyst. The high purity biodiesei is produced without acid-base neutralization, water wash, filtration, and solid disposal steps for removing the spent catalyst from the product streams associated with prior techniques.

IPC Classes  ?

• C11C 3/10 - Ester interchange

Abstract

A method for cross connecting the lean solvent supply lines between the liquid liquid extraction (LLE) and the extractive distillation (ED) processes thereby using the LLE column as the outlet for removing accumulated heavy hydrocarbons (HCs) and polymeric materials from the solvent loop of both processes to maintain their solvent performance. The unique capabilities of the LLE column in rejecting heavy HCs from the solvent into a raffinate product stream that leaves the system enable the removal of the accumulated heavy HCs and polymeric materials from the closed solvent loop of the ED process when their lean solvent loop are cross connected. Cross connection requires minimum equipment change. In the revamped system, the solvent recovery column (SRC) in LLE process supplies lean solvent for the extractive distillation column while the SRC of the ED process supplies lean solvent for LLE column.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 7/10 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by extraction, i.e. purification or separation of liquid hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids

Abstract

A two-stage sealed magnetic filter continuously removes magnetic and non-magnetic contaminants from liquid process streams. Elongated non-magnetic holder sleeves encasing magnet bars attract magnetic contaminants while a screen cylinder captures non-magnetic contaminants. The magnet bars are accessible without having to open the interior of the housing to the environment. Thus, during maintenance, removing the magnet bars from the holder sleeves releases the magnetic contaminants that have adhered to the holder sleeves into the screen cylinder which partially encloses the holder sleeves. Contaminants are flushed out of the magnetic filter without exposing workers to potentially hazardous substances. Polymeric sludge occluded with iron compounds can be effectively removed from streams in refineries and chemical plants. The iron compounds are formed from carbon steel which is prevalent in plant machinery and that corrodes in the presence of acidic contaminants.

IPC Classes  ?

• B03C 1/32 - Magnetic separation acting on the medium containing the substance being separated, e.g. magneto-gravimetric-, magnetohydrostatic-, or magnetohydrodynamic separation
• B01D 35/06 - Filters making use of electricity or magnetism

Abstract

A magnetic filter employs a magnetic core assembly that incorporates a plurality of exchangeable holder sleeves (14), each enclosing permanent magnets (10). Neither the sleeves (14) nor magnetic bars (9) are mechanically fixed to the filter housing (1). The magnet bars (9) and holder sleeves (14) are individually accessible. The number of holder sleeves (14) in the magnetic core assembly is flexible. The magnetic filter is equipped with a screen (24) that partially encloses the elongated holder sleeves (14) to treat streams that contain degradation sludge, iron containing particles or flakes, and non-magnetic polymeric materials. In operation, a feed stream initially contacts the magnetic core assembly where paramagnetic contaminants become deposited onto the exterior surface of the holder sleeves (14) under direct influence of strong magnetic field generated by the magnet bars (9). The mesh screen cylinder (24) subsequently captures non-magnetic and weakly magnetic contaminants of a certain size before the cleaned stream exits the magnetic filter.

IPC Classes  ?

• B03C 1/28 - Magnetic plugs and dipsticks
• B03C 1/30 - Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for

Abstract

A magnetic filter employs a magnetic core assembly that incorporates a plurality of exchangeable holder sleeves, each enclosing permanent magnets. Neither the sleeves nor magnetic bars are mechanically fixed to the filter housing. The magnet bars and holder sleeves are individually accessible. The number of holder sleeves in the magnetic core assembly is flexible. The magnetic filter in equipped with a screen that partially encloses the elongated holder sleeves to treat streams that contain degradation sludge, iron containing particles or flakes, and non-magnetic polymeric materials. In operation, a feed stream initially contacts the magnetic core assembly where paramagnetic contaminants become deposited onto the exterior surface of the holder sleeves under direct influence of strong magnetic field generated by the magnet bars. The mesh screen cylinder subsequently captures non-magnetic and weakly magnetic contaminants of a certain size before the cleaned stream exits the magnetic filter.

IPC Classes  ?

• B03C 1/02 - Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
• B03C 1/26 - Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with free falling material
• B03C 1/30 - Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
• B03C 1/28 - Magnetic plugs and dipsticks

Abstract

Solvent regeneration to recover a polar hydrocarbon (HC) selective solvent substantially free of hydrocarbons (HCs) and other impurities from a solvent-rich stream containing selective solvent, heavy HCs, and polymeric materials (PMs) generated from reactions among thermally decomposed or oxidized solvent, heavy HCs, and additives is provided. A combination of displacement agent and associated co-displacement agent squeezes out the heavy HCs and PMs from the extractive solvent within a solvent clean-up zone. Simultaneously, a filter equipped with a magnetic field is positioned in a lean solvent circulation line to remove paramagnetic contaminants. The presence of the co-displacement agent significantly enhances the capability of the displacement agent in removing the heavy HCs and PMs from the extractive solvent. As a result, the solvent regeneration system operates under milder conditions and minimizes or eliminates the need for including a high temperature, energy intensive and difficult-to-operate thermal solvent regenerator.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 21/20 - Nitrogen-containing compounds
• B01D 3/40 - Extractive distillation
• C07C 7/08 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by distillation with the aid of auxiliary compounds by extractive distillation
• C07C 15/04 - Benzene
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent
• C10G 7/08 - Azeotropic or extractive distillation
• C10G 21/12 - Organic compounds only

Abstract

Recovering high purity benzene from hydrocarbon feedstock containing aromatics and non-aromatics is implemented by simple and low-cost modifications to conventional extractive distillation columns (EDCs). Methyl cyclohexane (MCH) that is generated through non-selective hydrogenation of toluene in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) units is a major contaminant in benzene production. To meet MCH specifications, often times the extractive distillation (ED) process for recovering purified benzene is operated with excessive benzene loss to the overhead raffinate stream, producing a lower quality non-aromatic product. Novel techniques (1) remove operational constrictions of the HDS unit on MCH production, thus lengthening the catalyst life and (2) allow the EDC to drive essentially any amount of MCH away from the bottom benzene product without concerns with benzene loss to the overhead raffinate stream and (3) recover benzene from the overhead raffinate stream to upgrade the quality of non-aromatic product and increase the benzene product recovery.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 3/40 - Extractive distillation
• C07C 7/08 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by distillation with the aid of auxiliary compounds by extractive distillation
• C07C 15/04 - Benzene

Abstract

Solvent regeneration to recover a polar hydrocarbon (HC) selective solvent substantially free of hydrocarbons (HCs) and other impurities from a solvent-rich stream containing selective solvent, heavy HCs, and polymeric materials (PMs) generated from reactions among thermally decomposed or oxidized solvent, heavy HCs, and additives is provided. A combination of displacement agent and associated co-displacement agent squeezes out the heavy HCs and PMs from the extractive solvent within a solvent clean-up zone. Simultaneously, a filter equipped with a magnetic field is positioned in a lean solvent circulation line to remove paramagnetic contaminants. The presence of the co-displacement agent significantly enhances the capability of the displacement agent in removing the heavy HCs and PMs from the extractive solvent. As a result, the solvent regeneration system operates under milder conditions and minimizes or eliminates the need for including a high temperature, energy intensive and difficult-to-operate thermal solvent regenerator.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 7/08 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by distillation with the aid of auxiliary compounds by extractive distillation
• C07C 7/10 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by extraction, i.e. purification or separation of liquid hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
• B01D 3/40 - Extractive distillation
• C10G 21/12 - Organic compounds only
• C10G 21/20 - Nitrogen-containing compounds

Abstract

Recovering a polar hydrocarbon (HC) selective solvent substantially free of hydrocarbons (HCs) and other impurities from a lean solvent stream containing the selective solvent, measurable amounts of heavy aromatic HCs, and polymeric materials that are generated in an extractive distillation (ED) or liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) process. At least a portion of the lean solvent stream is contact in a solvent clean-up zone with a slip stream from the HC feed stream of the ED or LLE process or an external stream. The HC feed stream, such as pyrolysis gasoline or reformate, contains significant amounts of benzene and at least. 50 % polar (aromatic) HCs and serves as a displacement agent to remove the heavy HCs and polymeric material from the lean solvent, stream. A magnetic filter can be used to remove the paramagnetic contaminants from the lean solvent.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent
• C07C 7/08 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by distillation with the aid of auxiliary compounds by extractive distillation
• C07C 7/10 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by extraction, i.e. purification or separation of liquid hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
• C10G 7/08 - Azeotropic or extractive distillation
• B01D 3/40 - Extractive distillation
• B01D 11/00 - Solvent extraction

Abstract

Recovering a polar hydrocarbon (HC) selective solvent substantially free of hydrocarbons (HCs) and other impurities from a lean solvent stream containing the selective solvent, measurable amounts of heavy aromatic HCs, and polymeric materials that are generated in an extractive distillation (ED) or liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) process. At least a portion of the lean solvent stream is contact in a solvent clean-up zone with a slip stream from the HC feed stream of the ED or LLE process or an external stream. The HC feed stream, such as pyrolysis gasoline or reformate, contains significant amounts of benzene and at least 50% polar (aromatic) HCs and serves as a displacement agent to remove the heavy HCs and polymeric material from the lean solvent stream. A magnetic filter can be used to remove the paramagnetic contaminants from the lean solvent.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 3/40 - Extractive distillation
• B01D 11/04 - Solvent extraction of solutions which are liquid
• C07C 7/10 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by extraction, i.e. purification or separation of liquid hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
• C07C 15/42 - Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic part substituted by unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals monocyclic
• C10G 7/08 - Azeotropic or extractive distillation
• C10G 21/16 - Oxygen-containing compounds
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent
• C07D 333/48 - Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings substituted on the ring sulfur atom by oxygen atoms
• C07C 7/08 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by distillation with the aid of auxiliary compounds by extractive distillation
• C10G 21/27 - Organic compounds not provided for in a single one of groups

Abstract

A continuous epoxidation process for the production of high purity propylene oxide by the reaction of propylene with an oxidant that is a per-acid, such as peracetic acid (PAA), in a reactive distillation (RD) column. The RD column provides excellent heat integration and temperature control, and the process has the advantage of lower investment cost for capital equipment. The process operates at mild temperatures and pressures. A ferric acetylacetonate homogeneous catalyst and/or stabilizer may be included as part of the PAA feed to the process to increase PAA conversion and selectivity to propylene oxide. A pre-reactor can be incorporated upstream of the RD column to increase the residence time at lower temperatures to enhance productivity.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07D 301/14 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with organic peracids, or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof

Abstract

A continuous online process for rejuvenating whole stream of contaminated lean sulfolane in an extraction system is provided. A rejuvenator is installed in the solvent: circulation loop to remove the contaminants continuously to keep the solvent clean, effective and less corrosive. The rejuvenator includes a high pressure vessel with a removable cover and a round rack with vertical stainless steel tubes fitted in the high pressure vessel. A magnetic bar is placed in each stainless steel tube. A screen cylinder is installed outside the ring of stainless steel tubes. As the contaminated sulfolane is passed through the rejuvenator, the rejuvenator picks up contaminants. The rejuvenator can be dissembled to remove the contaminants periodically. The rejuvenator is simple in construction, reliable in operation, and low in operation and maintenance costs. With this rejuvenator, the extraction system operates at high efficiency and high capacity without the dreaded corrosion.

IPC Classes  ?

• B03C 1/015 - Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation by chemical treatment imparting magnetic properties to the material to be separated, e.g. roasting, reduction, oxidation
• B01D 29/23 - Supported filter elements arranged for outward flow filtration
• B03C 1/28 - Magnetic plugs and dipsticks
• B01D 35/06 - Filters making use of electricity or magnetism
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent
• B03C 1/033 - Component partsAuxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit

Abstract

A continuous online process for rejuvenating whole stream of contaminated lean sulfolane in an extraction system is provided. A rejuvenator is installed in the solvent circulation loop to remove the contaminants continuously to keep the solvent clean, effective and less corrosive. The rejuvenator includes a high pressure vessel with a removable cover and a round rack with vertical stainless steel tubes fitted in the high pressure vessel. A magnetic bar is placed in each stainless steel tube. A screen cylinder is installed outside the ring of stainless steel tubes. As the contaminated sulfolane is passed through the rejuvenator, the rejuvenator picks up contaminants. The rejuvenator can be dissembled to remove the contaminants periodically. The rejuvenator is simple in construction, reliable in operation, and low in operation and maintenance costs. With this rejuvenator, the extraction system operates at high efficiency and high capacity without the dreaded corrosion.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 35/06 - Filters making use of electricity or magnetism
• B03C 1/14 - Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with cylindrical material carriers with non-movable magnets

Abstract

10+ molecular weight range.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 51/02 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more cracking processes only plural serial stages only

Abstract

An improved solvent regeneration system for extractive distillation and liquid- liquid extraction processes capable of effectively removing heavy hydrocarbons and polymeric materials that otherwise develop in a closed solvent loop. The improved process employs a light hydrocarbon displacement agent, which is at least partially soluble in the solvent to squeeze the heavy hydrocarbons and polymeric materials out of the solvent, with virtually no additional energy requirement. It has been demonstrated that the light non-aromatic hydrocarbons in the raffinate stream generated from the extractive distillation or the liquid-liquid extractive process for aromatic hydrocarbons recovery can displace not only the heavy non-aromatic hydrocarbons but also the heavy aromatic hydrocarbons from the extractive solvent, especially when the aromatic hydrocarbons in the solvent are in the C10+ molecular weight range.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/58 - Catalytic processes

Abstract

A novel design of filters for removing iron rust particulates and other polymeric sludge from refinery and chemical process streams that are paramagnetic in nature is provided The performance of these filters is greatly enhanced by the presence of the magnetic field induced by magnets. Basically, the filter comprises a high-pressure vessel with means to support the plurality of magnets in the form of bars or plates that are encased in stainless steel tubes or columns. Filters with various configurations are disclosed for accommodating the removal of contaminants from the process streams of different industries, with high efficiency for contaminants removal, simple construction, low operational and maintenance costs, and low hazardous operation

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent
• C10G 25/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
• C10G 31/09 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by filtration
• C10G 32/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms by electric or magnetic means
• B01D 35/06 - Filters making use of electricity or magnetism
• B01D 41/00 - Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements outside the filter for liquid or gaseous fluids
• B03C 1/12 - Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with cylindrical material carriers with magnets moving during operationMagnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with cylindrical material carriers with movable pole pieces

Abstract

A method for synthesizing exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (exo-THDCPD) and adamantane is provided, including isomerization of an endo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (endo-THDCPD) as a reaction feed with an acidic ionic liquid of aluminum trichloride in a pseudo-fixed bed ionic liquid reactor. Reactants float as a droplet from bottom to top of the pseudo-fixed bed reactor, and finally are discharged from a side tube. A mole fraction of aluminum trichloride in the acidic ionic liquid of aluminum trichloride is from 0.5 to 0.9, a feeding rate of the reaction feed is 0.1-10 g/min, and a temperature for the isomerization is between 25-120° C.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 5/25 - Migration of carbon-to-carbon double bonds

Abstract

A highly effective liquid-liquid extraction process to remove nitrogen compounds and especially basic nitrogen compounds from aromatic light petroleum oils with excellent recovery employs de-ionized water, which can be acidified, as the extractive solvent. The product is an aromatic hydrocarbon with ultra-low amounts of nitrogen poisons that can deactivate acidic catalysts. The extracted oils are suitable feedstock for the subsequent catalytic processes that are promoted with the high performance solid catalysts, which are extremely sensitive to nitrogen poison.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 17/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with acids, acid-forming compounds, or acid-containing liquids, e.g. acid sludge

Abstract

An energy efficient, high throughput process for aromatics recovery can be readily implemented by revamping existing sulfolane solvent extraction facilities, or constructing new ones, so as to incorporate unique process operations involving liquid- liquid extraction and extractive distillation. Current industrial sulfolane solvent based liquid-liquid extraction processes employ a liquid-liquid extraction column, an extractive stripping column, a solvent recovery column, a raffinate wash column, and a solvent regenerator. The improved process for aromatic hydrocarbon recovery from a mixture of aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons requires transformation of the extractive stripping column into a modified extractive distillation column. The revamping incorporates the unique advantages of liquid-liquid extraction and extractive distillation into one process to significantly reduce energy consumption and increase process throughput. The revamp entails essentially only piping changes and minor equipment adjustments of the original liquid-liquid extraction facility, and is therefore, reversible.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent
• C07C 7/10 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives by extraction, i.e. purification or separation of liquid hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids

Abstract

Extractive distillation processes whereby water-soluble extractive distillation (ED) solvents are regenerated and recovered employ improved operations of the extractive distillation column (EDC) so that polar hydrocarbons are recovered and purified from mixtures containing polar and less polar hydrocarbons and measurable amounts of hydrocarbons that are heavier than intended feedstock and/or polymers that are generated in the ED process. The improved process can effectively remove and recover the heavy hydrocarbons and/or remove polymer contaminants from the solvent in a closed solvent circulating loop through mild operating conditions with no additional process energy being expended. With the improved process, the overhead reflux of the EDC may be eliminated to further reduce energy consumption and to enhance the loading and performance within the upper portion of the EDC, especially when two liquid phases exists therein.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 3/40 - Extractive distillation
• C02F 1/04 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation

Abstract

In a method of blocking a water-out zone in a gas well by dumping cement and injecting pressurizing gas, a gas is injected into a target well to push and press accumulated water in the well back into the formation surrounding the well, so that the well is water-free; meanwhile, a dump bailer is lowered to the water-out zone in the well using a wire line. When the dump bailer has reached the water-out zone, it is controlled to open a bottom opening thereof to release cement milk loaded therein. The released cement milk accumulates in the water-out zone and then slowly flows into a gravel layer between a screen pipe and a wall of the well. The gas injection continues until the cement milk is cured and hardened to achieve the object of blocking the water-out zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 33/138 - Plastering the borehole wallInjecting into the formation

Abstract

Extractive distillation processes whereby water-soluble extractive distillation (ED) solvents are regenerated and recovered employ improved operations of the extractive distillation column (EDC) so that polar hydrocarbons are recovered and purified from mixtures containing polar and less polar hydrocarbons and measurable amounts of hydrocarbons that are heavier than intended feedstock and/or polymers that are generated in the ED process. The improved process can effectively remove and recover the heavy hydrocarbons and/or remove polymer contaminants from the solvent in a closed solvent circulating loop through mild operating conditions with no additional process energy being expended. With the improved process, the overhead reflux of the EDC may be eliminated to further reduce energy consumption and to enhance the loading and performance within the upper portion of the EDC, especially when two liquid phases exists therein.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 7/00 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbonsUse of additives

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for recovering polar hydrocarbons from non-polar hydrocarbons, such as aromatics from non-aromatics, naphthenes from paraffins and isoparaffins, or olefins from paraffins and isoparaffins, in feed mixtures containing at least a measurable amount of heavier hydrocarbons. According to the invention, an improved extractive distillation (ED) process is disclosed for recovering aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX aromatics) from the C6-C8 petroleum streams containing at least a measurable amount Of C9+ hydrocarbons. The invention also relates to an improved ED process for recovering mainly benzene and toluene from the C6-C7 petroleum streams containing at least a measurable amount of C8+ hydrocarbons. This invention is further directed toward the regeneration and recovery of the ED solvent utilized to recover and purify the aromatic hydrocarbons from the petroleum stream containing at least a measurable amount of hydrocarbons heavier than intend feedstock.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 21/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents

Abstract

An energy-efficient extractive distillation process for producing anhydrous ethanol from aqueous/ethanol feeds containing any range of ethanol employs an extractive distillation column (EDC) that operates under no or greatly reduced liquid reflux conditions. The EDC can be incorporated into an integrated process for producing anhydrous ethanol used for gasoline blending from fermentation broth. By using a high-boiling extractive distillation solvent, no solvent is entrained by the vapor phase to the EDC overhead stream, even under no liquid reflux conditions. The energy requirement and severity of the EDC can be further improved by limiting ethanol recovery in the EDC. In this partial ethanol recovery design, ethanol which remains in the aqueous stream from the EDC is recovered in a post-distillation column or the aqueous stream is recycled to a front-end pre-distillation column where the ethanol is readily recovered since the VLE curve for ethanol/water is extremely favorable for distillation.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 3/40 - Extractive distillation

Abstract

An energy-efficient extractive distillation process for producing anhydrous ethanol from aqueous/ethanol feeds containing any range of ethanol employs an extractive distillation column (EDC) that operates under no or greatly reduced liquid reflux conditions. The EDC can be incorporated into an integrated process for producing anhydrous ethanol used for gasoline blending from fermentation broth. By using a high-boiling extractive distillation solvent, no solvent is entrained by the vapor phase to the EDC overhead stream, even under no liquid reflux conditions. The energy requirement and severity of the EDC can be further improved by limiting ethanol recovery in the EDC. In this partial ethanol recovery design, ethanol which remains in the aqueous stream from the EDC is recovered in a post-distillation column or the aqueous stream is recycled to a front-end pre-distillation column where the ethanol is readily recovered since the VLE curve for ethanol/water is extremely favorable for distillation.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 3/40 - Extractive distillation
• B01D 3/42 - RegulationControl
• C07C 29/84 - SeparationPurificationStabilisationUse of additives by physical treatment by distillation by extractive distillation
• C07C 29/94 - Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
• C12G 3/12 - by distillation

Abstract

+ hydrocarbons as precursors of high energy fuels are converted to exo-isomers as high energy fuels.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 5/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
• C07C 5/00 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
• C10G 67/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only

Abstract

The invention disclosed relates to catalytic distillation column internals providing improved liquid reaction mixture and catalyst contacting for simultaneous catalytic reaction and separation of the reaction mixture. The invention is an improved catalytic distillation apparatus providing optimum balance of catalytic reaction and mass transfer steps, wherein distribution, mixing and feeding of liquid reaction mixture to the reaction zone and distillation section are better controlled and more uniformly applied. At least one catalyst bed is situated in at least one receiving pan of a distillation tray so that the tray performs the functions of both of the reaction section and the distillation section of the catalytic distillation column simultaneously within a stage.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 3/20 - Bubble capsRisers for vapourDischarge pipes for liquid
• B01D 3/22 - Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid with horizontal sieve plates or gridsConstruction of sieve plates or grids
• B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds

Abstract

A highly effective liquid-liquid extraction process to remove nitrogen compounds and especially basic nitrogen compounds from aromatic light petroleum oils with excellent recovery employs de-ionized water, which can be acidified, as the extractive solvent. The product is an aromatic hydrocarbon with ultra-low amounts of nitrogen poisons that can deactivate acidic catalysts. The extracted oils are suitable feedstock for the subsequent catalytic processes that are promoted with the high performance solid catalysts, which are extremely sensitive to nitrogen poison.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 17/04 - Liquid-liquid treatment forming two immiscible phases