A radiation tolerant gate driver for power converters with active-clamp reset and active-driven synchronous rectification uses integrated logic drivers for high efficiency and wide input range. A keep alive circuit prevents power train transistors from remaining on for extended durations after a transient or an undervoltage lockout (UVLO) event. Each of the integrated logic drivers includes two gate driver circuits, where one of the gate driver circuits uses the output of the other of the gate driver circuits as input per a logic table of the integrated logic driver, to ensure no shoot-through when the respective power train transistors are turned on and off.
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02M 7/04 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
H02M 7/48 - Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
2.
RADIATION TOLERANT TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED DELAYED UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT AND OVERVOLTAGE SHUTDOWN
Circuit includes a voltage-detection-path having a first transistor and a second transistor coupled to the first voltage-detection-path by a first terminal of the second transistor. The first voltage-detection-path includes: a first current source and a first voltage-divider-unit coupled to the first current source. The first transistor is coupled to the first voltage-divider-unit by a first terminal of the first transistor. A first voltage value at a second terminal of the first transistor is configured to switch between a first high voltage value and a first low voltage value at least partially based on a first detection voltage value provided at the first terminal of the first transistor by the first voltage-divider-unit. A second voltage at a second terminal of the second transistor is configured to switch between a second high voltage value and a second low voltage value at least partially based on the first voltage value at the second terminal of the first transistor.
G05F 1/567 - Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for temperature compensation
H02H 3/087 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to excess current for DC applications
H02H 3/12 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to underload or no-load
H02H 3/40 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to ratio of voltage and current
H02H 9/04 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
G05F 1/571 - Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection with overvoltage detector
G05F 1/573 - Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection with overcurrent detector
3.
RADIATION TOLERANT DISCRETE REFERENCE FOR DC-DC CONVERTERS
A radiation tolerant discrete reference voltage source includes just two bipolar junction transistors, five resistors, and a Zener diode. Two of the resistors form a voltage divider that outputs a reference voltage. Values of the resistors included in the voltage divider can be selected to output a desired reference voltage level, for example, 5.00V, 4.00V, or 2.50V, which obviates a need to procure unique voltage references for those reference voltage levels and provides design flexibility. The radiation tolerant discrete reference voltage source provides improved control over radiation hardness and does not require high gain transistors. Because relatively few, inexpensive components are used, the radiation tolerant discrete reference voltage source can be produced at a low cost.
G05F 3/18 - Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using Zener diodes
H02M 3/04 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
H03K 17/60 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the use of specified components by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors
H02M 3/10 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02M 1/14 - Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
H02M 1/15 - Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output using active elements
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
4.
Radiation tolerant voltage feedforward mode pulse-width modulator control
A pulse-width modulation circuit includes an oscillator stage. The oscillator stage includes a first voltage comparator having a first input terminal, a second input terminal and an output terminal. A first capacitor is coupled to the first input terminal of the first voltage comparator. A charging path for the first capacitor is coupled between the first capacitor and the output terminal of the first voltage comparator, the charging path having a first resistance. A discharging path for the first capacitor is coupled between the first capacitor and the output terminal of the first voltage comparator, the discharging path having a second resistance that is different from the first resistance. A duty cycle of a clock signal generated by the oscillator stage is determined based on a first RC time constant for charging the first capacitor and a second RC time constant for discharging the first capacitor.
H03K 4/06 - Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape
H03K 5/24 - Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude
5.
Radiation tolerant discrete reference for DC-DC converters
A radiation tolerant discrete reference voltage source includes just two bipolar junction transistors, five resistors, and a Zener diode. Two of the resistors form a voltage divider that outputs a reference voltage. Values of the resistors included in the voltage divider can be selected to output a desired reference voltage level, for example, 5.00V, 4.00V, or 2.50V, which obviates a need to procure unique voltage references for those reference voltage levels and provides design flexibility. The radiation tolerant discrete reference voltage source provides improved control over radiation hardness and does not require high gain transistors. Because relatively few, inexpensive components are used, the radiation tolerant discrete reference voltage source can be produced at a low cost.
G05F 3/18 - Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using Zener diodes
H02M 3/04 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
H03K 17/60 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the use of specified components by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors
A radiation tolerant gate driver for power converters with active-clamp reset and active-driven synchronous rectification uses integrated logic drivers for high efficiency and wide input range. A keep alive circuit prevents power train transistors from remaining on for extended durations after a transient or an undervoltage lockout (UVLO) event. Each of the integrated logic drivers includes two gate driver circuits, where one of the gate driver circuits uses the output of the other of the gate driver circuits as input per a logic table of the integrated logic driver, to ensure no shoot-through when the respective power train transistors are turned on and off.
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
7.
Radiation tolerant temperature compensated delayed undervoltage lockout and overvoltage shutdown
A circuit includes a voltage detection path having a first transistor and a second transistor coupled to the first voltage detection path by a first terminal of the second transistor. The first voltage detection path includes: a first current source and a first voltage divider unit coupled to the first current source. The first transistor is coupled to the first voltage divider unit by a first terminal of the first transistor. A first voltage value at a second terminal of the first transistor is configured to switch between a first high voltage value and a first low voltage value at least partially based on a first detection voltage value provided at the first terminal of the first transistor by the first voltage divider unit. A second voltage at a second terminal of the second transistor is configured to switch between a second high voltage value and a second low voltage value at least partially based on the first voltage value at the second terminal of the first transistor.
G05F 1/569 - Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection
G05F 1/575 - Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices characterised by the feedback circuit
G05F 1/567 - Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for temperature compensation
G05F 1/571 - Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection with overvoltage detector
H02H 7/12 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for convertersEmergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
G05F 1/56 - Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
H02H 1/00 - Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
8.
System and method to enhance signal to noise ratio and to achieve minimum duty cycle resolution for peak current mode control scheme
Systems and methods for providing peak current mode control (PCMC) for power converters. Noise immunity is improved by enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio of an inductor (or switch) current to achieve minimum duty cycle resolution and eliminate subharmonic operation that causes high input and output ripples. Current is sensed and translated to a voltage by a current sense resistor for peak current mode control scheme. A direct current (DC) offset voltage is added only during an on-time of the main switch to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. A leading-edge spike caused by turn-on of the main switch is removed by resetting a filter capacitor of a current sense circuit to zero volts after each switching cycle.
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02M 1/42 - Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
H02M 1/14 - Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
Systems and methods for providing peak current mode control (PCMC) for power converters using discrete analog components. A pair of complementary bipolar junction transistors may be used to set a maximum duty cycle for the power converter. PCMC may be achieved using a comparator that compares peak input current to an error feedback signal and terminates a pulse-width modulation (PWM) pulse when the peak input current exceeds the error feedback signal. A magnetic signal transformer may be used to establish a secondary side bias voltage supply, to return the error signal, and to drive an AC-coupled signal for a synchronous gate drive. A synchronous switch may be turned on when the main switch is turned off via an output winding of the flyback transformer and may be turned off by the trailing edge of a clock pulse from the magnetic signal transformer before the main switch is turned on.
H03K 5/153 - Arrangements in which a pulse is delivered at the instant when a predetermined characteristic of an input signal is present or at a fixed time interval after this instant
H03K 19/00 - Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one outputInverting circuits
H03K 5/156 - Arrangements in which a continuous pulse train is transformed into a train having a desired pattern
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
10.
Multilayer electronics assembly and method for embedding electrical circuit components within a three dimensional module
A multilayer electronics assembly and associated method of manufacture are provided. The multilayer electronics assembly includes a plurality of stacked substrate layers. Each of the substrate layers is fusion bonded to at least an adjacent one of the plurality of substrate layers. A first discrete electrical circuit component is bonded to a first layer of the plurality of layers. A bonding material is interposed between the discrete electrical circuit component and the first layer. The bonding material has a reflow temperature at which the bonding material becomes flowable that is higher than a fusion bonding temperature of the substrate layers.
Systems and methods for providing peak current mode control (PCMC) for power converters using discrete analog components. Peak current mode control functionality for latching, set, reset, clocking and slope compensation is provided via available analog components that provide improved performance, design flexibility, reliability, and radiation tolerance. Discrete analog components may include analog comparators, resistors, capacitors, diodes, etc.
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
H02M 3/156 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
H02M 1/44 - Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
H02M 3/07 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode
H02M 1/42 - Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
H05B 33/08 - Circuit arrangements for operating electroluminescent light sources
H02J 3/18 - Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
12.
Dynamic sharing average current mode control for active-reset and self-driven synchronous rectification for power converters
A circuit for providing dynamic output current sharing using average current mode control for active-reset and self-driven synchronous rectification with pre-bias startup and redundancy capabilities for power converters. The circuit communicates a secondary side feedback signal to a primary side via a bidirectional magnetic communicator that also provides a secondary voltage supply. Pre-bias startup is achieved by detection of the output current direction and controlling the gate signals of synchronous rectifiers. The circuit permits dynamic current sharing via a single-control signal and automatic master converter selection and promotion.
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
A circuit for providing dynamic output current sharing using average current mode control for active-reset and self-driven synchronous rectification with pre-bias startup and redundancy capabilities for power converters. The circuit communicates a secondary side feedback signal to a primary side via a bidirectional magnetic communicator that also provides a secondary voltage supply. Pre-bias startup is achieved by detection of the output current direction and controlling the gate signals of synchronous rectifiers. The circuit permits dynamic current sharing via a single-control signal and automatic master converter selection and promotion.
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
14.
Dynamic sharing average current mode control for active-reset and self-driven synchronous rectification for power converters
A circuit for providing dynamic output current sharing using average current mode control for active-reset and self-driven synchronous rectification with pre-bias startup and redundancy capabilities for power converters. The circuit communicates a secondary side feedback signal to a primary side via a bidirectional magnetic communicator that also provides a secondary voltage supply. Pre-bias startup is achieved by detection of the output current direction and controlling the gate signals of synchronous rectifiers. The circuit permits dynamic current sharing via a single-control signal and automatic master converter selection and promotion.
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
Systems and methods are disclosed for providing over-voltage protection for power converters. An over-voltage protection loop includes an error amplifier that maintains an external reference voltage within a highly precise range that can be used to provide a highly precise output voltage from the over-voltage protection loop. The over-voltage protection loop may also include feedback impedance that delays the output of the over-voltage protection loop. The delay may prevent the over-voltage protection loop from being engaged due to voltage transients output from a main servo loop circuit that provides a nominal output voltage under normal operation, thus allowing the threshold voltage and output voltage of the over-voltage protection loop to be set close to the nominal output voltage of the main servo loop circuit.
H02H 7/04 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for transformers
H02H 9/04 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
Systems and methods are disclosed for providing over-voltage protection for power converters. An over-voltage protection loop includes an error amplifier that maintains an external reference voltage within a highly precise range that can be used to provide a highly precise output voltage from the over-voltage protection loop. The over-voltage protection loop may also include feedback impedance that delays the output of the over-voltage protection loop. The delay may prevent the over-voltage protection loop from being engaged due to voltage transients output from a main servo loop circuit that provides a nominal output voltage under normal operation, thus allowing the threshold voltage and output voltage of the over-voltage protection loop to be set close to the nominal output voltage of the main servo loop circuit.
H02H 7/04 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for transformers
H02H 9/04 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
17.
AUTOMATIC ENHANCED SELF-DRIVEN SYNCHRONOUS RECTIFICATION FOR POWER CONVERTERS
Systems and methods for providing a self-driven synchronous rectification circuit for an active-clamp forward converter which includes automatically enhancing synchronous MOSFETs and maximizing input voltage range. The gate signals for the synchronous MOSFETs are derived from a unipolar magnetic coupling signal instead of a bipolarized magnetic coupling signal. The unipolar signal is retained for fully enhanced driving of the MOSFETs at low line voltage and the unipolar signal is automatically converted to a bipolar signal at high line amplitude due to line variance to maximize input voltage range by utilizing non-polarized characteristics of the MOSFET gate-to-source voltage (Vgs). The circuit permits efficient scaling for higher output voltages such as 12 volts DC or 15 volts DC, without requiring extra windings on the transformer of the forward converter.
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
18.
Dynamic maneuvering configuration for multiple control modes in a unified servo system
Systems and methods that provide control circuits having multiple sub-control inputs that control operation of a power electronics device (e.g., a power converter). Each of the multiple sub-control inputs are output from a separate sub-control circuit that includes a feedback circuit having an input tied to a common control node. The common control node is coupled to an input of a controller (e.g., a PWM controller). Outputs of each of the sub-control circuits are coupled to the common control node by a respective switch (e.g., diode, transistor, etc.) so that each of the sub-control circuits may be selectively coupled to the common control node to provide a control signal to a controller. Since components of each of the feedback compensations circuits are biased at a regulation voltage instead of a higher power supply voltage, the control circuit may switch between control modes with minimal delay.
H02M 3/156 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
This disclosure describes systems, methods and articles of a passive EMI filter integrated with an active boost converter for low-side line transients and/or an active clipper for high-side line transients. During steady-state operation, the active circuitry is disabled so the circuit functions as a passive EMI filter. Inductive and capacitive components used in the passive EMI filter during steady-state operation may serve a dual role and become part of a boost converter when input voltage is below a low-line steady-state and, in some variations, the inductive and capacitive components may become part of a transient clipper when the input voltage is above a high-line steady-state level. The transient clipper may be implemented as a linear pass element or as a switch-mode converter (e.g., buck converter).
Systems and methods that allow for weight and size reduction of electronics components, such as transformer rectifier units (TRUs) or autotransformer rectifier units (ATRUs), by providing a fluid cooling system is utilized to provide high heat dissipation for a transformer assembly of TRUs or ATRUs by providing a thermal interface at the windings of the transformer assembly, which are the hottest spots in such assemblies. The cooling system may include a fluid-cooled winding heat sink element or "finger," which may be a thermally conductive bar (e.g., aluminum, copper) having microchannels therein positioned between the core and windings of a transformer or between turns of the windings of a transformer. Fluid passes through the microchannels of the heat sink element to provide direct cooling to the heat generating windings of the transformers. The heat sink element may be produced by an additive manufacturing technology.
Systems and methods for providing a self-driven synchronous rectification circuit for an active-clamp forward converter which includes automatically enhancing synchronous MOSFETs and maximizing input voltage range. The gate signals for the synchronous MOSFETs are derived from a unipolar magnetic coupling signal instead of a bipolarized magnetic coupling signal. The unipolar signal is retained for fully enhanced driving of the MOSFETs at low line voltage and the unipolar signal is automatically converted to a bipolar signal at high line amplitude due to line variance to maximize input voltage range by utilizing non-polarized characteristics of the MOSFET gate-to-source voltage (Vgs). The circuit permits efficient scaling for higher output voltages such as 12 volts DC or 15 volts DC, without requiring extra windings on the transformer of the forward converter.
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
22.
DYNAMIC MANEUVERING CONFIGURATION FOR MULTIPLE CONTROL MODES IN A UNIFIED SERVO SYSTEM
Systems and methods that provide control circuits having multiple sub-control inputs that control operation of a power electronics device (e.g., a power converter). Each of the multiple sub-control inputs are output from a separate sub-control circuit that includes a feedback circuit having an input tied to a common control node. The common control node is coupled to an input of a controller (e.g., a PWM controller). Outputs of each of the sub-control circuits are coupled to the common control node by a respective switch (e.g., diode, transistor, etc.) so that each of the sub-control circuits may be selectively coupled to the common control node to provide a control signal to a controller. Since components of each of the feedback compensations circuits are biased at a regulation voltage instead of a higher power supply voltage, the control circuit may switch between control modes with minimal delay.
G05F 1/00 - Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
23.
Transformer-based power converters with 3D printed microchannel heat sink
Systems and methods that allow for weight and size reduction of electronics components, such as transformer rectifier units (TRUs) or autotransformer rectifier units (ATRUs), by providing a fluid cooling system is utilized to provide high heat dissipation for a transformer assembly of TRUs or ATRUs by providing a thermal interface at the windings of the transformer assembly, which are the hottest spots in such assemblies. The cooling system may include a fluid-cooled winding heat sink element or “finger,” which may be a thermally conductive bar (e.g., aluminum, copper) having microchannels therein positioned between the core and windings of a transformer or between turns of the windings of a transformer. Fluid passes through the microchannels of the heat sink element to provide direct cooling to the heat generating windings of the transformers. The heat sink element may be produced by an additive manufacturing technology.
B33Y 80/00 - Products made by additive manufacturing
B33Y 50/00 - Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
H01F 41/00 - Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformersApparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
24.
Integrated tri-state electromagnetic interference filter and line conditioning module
This disclosure describes systems, methods and articles of a passive EMI filter integrated with an active boost converter for low-side line transients and/or an active clipper for high-side line transients. During steady-state operation, the active circuitry is disabled so the circuit functions as a passive EMI filter. Inductive and capacitive components used in the passive EMI filter during steady-state operation may serve a dual role and become part of a boost converter when input voltage is below a low-line steady-state and, in some variations, the inductive and capacitive components may become part of a transient clipper when the input voltage is above a high-line steady-state level. The transient clipper may be implemented as a linear pass element or as a switch-mode converter (e.g., buck converter).
H02M 1/44 - Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
25.
Dynamic maneuvering configuration for multiple control modes in a unified servo system
Systems and methods that provide control circuits having multiple sub-control inputs that control operation of a power electronics device (e.g., a power converter). Each of the multiple sub-control inputs are output from a separate sub-control circuit that includes a feedback circuit having an input tied to a common control node. The common control node is coupled to an input of a controller (e.g., a PWM controller). Outputs of each of the sub-control circuits are coupled to the common control node by a respective switch (e.g., diode, transistor, etc.) so that each of the sub-control circuits may be selectively coupled to the common control node to provide a control signal to a controller. Since components of each of the feedback compensations circuits are biased at a regulation voltage instead of a higher power supply voltage, the control circuit may switch between control modes with minimal delay.
G05F 1/00 - Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
H02M 1/08 - Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
26.
IMPEDANCE COMPENSATION FOR OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS USED IN VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS
A dual compensation operational amplifier is suitable for use in an environment that experiences fluctuations in ambient energy levels. A dual compensation impedance can be determined to nullify or compensate for effects of an input offset voltage or an input bias current or both. Adjustments to the dual compensation impedance can be made based on calibration data for various environmental conditions so that the dual compensation impedance can be either pre-set for anticipated conditions in different target operational environments, or automatically adjusted in-situ. Target operational environments that may benefit from such a dual compensation impedance include remote areas that experience extreme or variable temperatures, high altitudes, space, or high radiation environments.
A dual compensation operational amplifier is suitable for use in an environment that experiences fluctuations in ambient energy levels. A dual compensation impedance can be determined to nullify or compensate for effects of an input offset voltage or an input bias current or both. Adjustments to the dual compensation impedance can be made based on calibration data for various environmental conditions so that the dual compensation impedance can be either pre-set for anticipated conditions in different target operational environments, or automatically adjusted in-situ. Target operational environments that may benefit from such a dual compensation impedance include remote areas that experience extreme or variable temperatures, high altitudes, space, or high radiation environments.
A power converter has a transformer having three primary windings configured to receive respective phases of a three-phase alternating current (AC) input signal in a delta configuration and three secondary windings, each split into two portions, wherein the portions are coupled together in a regular hexagon. The power converter includes a rectifier having a first rectifier path coupled between taps of the secondary windings and a positive output of the power converter and a second rectifier path coupled between taps of the secondary windings and a negative output. One of the secondary windings may be reversed with respect to the other secondary windings. The primary windings may be split with a corresponding secondary winding sandwiched between portions of the primary. One of the paths may have a different inductance than the other path.
H02M 7/06 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
H02M 7/08 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in parallel
H02M 5/14 - Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using transformers for conversion between circuits of different phase number
H02M 7/04 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
29.
MULTILAYER ELECTRONICS ASSEMBLY AND METHOD FOR EMBEDDING ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT COMPONENTS WITHIN A THREE DIMENSIONAL MODULE
A multilayer electronics assembly and associated method of manufacture are provided. The multilayer electronics assembly includes a plurality of stacked substrate layers. Each of the substrate layers is fusion bonded to at least an adjacent one of the plurality of substrate layers. A first discrete electrical circuit component is bonded to a first layer of the plurality of layers. A bonding material is interposed between the discrete electrical circuit component and the first layer. The bonding material has a reflow temperature at which the bonding material becomes flowable that is higher than a fusion bonding temperature of the substrate layers.
A multilayer electronics assembly and associated method of manufacture are provided. The multilayer electronics assembly includes a plurality of stacked substrate layers. Each of the substrate layers is fusion bonded to at least an adjacent one of the plurality of substrate layers. A first discrete electrical circuit component is bonded to a first layer of the plurality of layers. A bonding material is interposed between the discrete electrical circuit component and the first layer. The bonding material has a reflow temperature at which the bonding material becomes flowable that is higher than a fusion bonding temperature of the substrate layers.
A power converter provides current limit/current share functionality, allowing use in a point-of-load architecture and/or in parallel with one or more other power converters. An inner current control loop may sense output current over only a portion of a duty cycle, for example at a low side active switch. The resulting signal is compensated, and may be level shifted, for example via a resistor divider network, and supplied to a current control amplifier. An outer voltage control loop may sense output voltage, and provide a voltage error signal from a voltage error amplifier to the resistor divider network. Power converters are operable as masters or slaves, and include sense input and trim input terminals.
G05F 1/00 - Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
H02M 3/158 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
H02M 3/156 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
An oscillator formed from low cost discrete semiconductors and passive devices creates a linear periodic ramp of constant frequency with ramp slope based on an external voltage signal. Parameters are stable over a wide range of temperatures and variations of transistor parameters that normally degrade in extreme environments. The oscillator period can be phase and frequency synchronized to an external clock source over a wide range of frequencies. The oscillator ramp generator phase can be synchronized on a cycle by cycle basis for incorporation in power converters employing spread spectral EMI reduction techniques, multi-converter systems employing clock interleaving for distribution bus filter optimization, and resonant mode converters employing zero voltage switching techniques. Oscillator ramp rate is independent of frequency and can be synchronized to DC (inhibit) for use in ultra low power burst mode power conversion.
H03K 3/02 - Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
H03B 5/24 - Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising resistance and either capacitance or inductance, e.g. phase-shift oscillator active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
H03K 4/12 - Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor
33.
Input control apparatus and method with inrush current, under and over voltage handling
Control circuitry handles inrush current, and may provide under voltage and/or over voltage monitoring and handling, as well as remote enable handling. The circuitry may advantageously employ a sense capacitor in parallel with an input capacitor (e.g., bulk input filter capacitor), and a current mirror to produce a signal proportional to input current. A clamp circuit may control a series pass device to regulate current in response to the proportional signal, or to interrupt current flow in response to an under voltage or over voltage condition or receipt of a signal indicative of a disable state. An enable signal may be summed into a comparator that handles under voltage condition determination.
H02H 3/20 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to excess voltage
H02H 3/24 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage
H02H 3/087 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to excess current for DC applications
H02H 9/02 - Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
H02M 1/32 - Means for protecting converters other than by automatic disconnection
H02M 1/36 - Means for starting or stopping converters
34.
Self synchronizing power converter apparatus and method suitable for auxiliary bias for dynamic load applications
An auxiliary power supply or bias voltage supply employs a step up switch mode DC/DC power converter topology to supply regulated bias supply voltages, from very low input voltages (e.g., less than 2V). The supply will synchronize to dynamic loads making it particularly useful in circuits with periodic high peak current power demands, for example, gate drive circuits employed in regulated switched mode power converters. When unladed, the supply will efficiently adjust its cycle period to the minimum required to maintain the desired boosted output voltage. Additional transformer windings or a charge pump may be used to generate additional vias voltage sources.
H02M 3/335 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
H02J 3/12 - Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
35.
AC/DC POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF SAME
A power converter has a transformer having three primary windings configured to receive respective phases of a three-phase alternating current (AC) input signal in a delta configuration and three secondary windings, each split into two portions, wherein the portions are coupled together in a regular hexagon. The power converter includes a rectifier having a first rectifier path coupled between taps of the secondary windings and a positive output of the power converter and a second rectifier path coupled between taps of the secondary windings and a negative output. One of the secondary windings may be reversed with respect to the other secondary windings. The primary windings may be split with a corresponding secondary winding sandwiched between portions of the primary. One of the paths may have a different inductance than the other path.
H02M 7/02 - Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
H02M 5/10 - Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using transformers
36.
AC/DC POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF SAME
A power converter has a transformer having three primary windings configured to receive respective phases of a three-phase alternating current (AC) input signal in a delta configuration and three secondary windings, each split into two portions, wherein the portions are coupled together in a regular hexagon. The power converter includes a rectifier having a first rectifier path coupled between taps of the secondary windings and a positive output of the power converter and a second rectifier path coupled between taps of the secondary windings and a negative output. One of the secondary windings may be reversed with respect to the other secondary windings. The primary windings may be split with a corresponding secondary winding sandwiched between portions of the primary. One of the paths may have a different inductance than the other path.
A power architecture receives an input signal at an input node and converts the input signal into an intermediate signal with a power conversion stage. The power conversion stage supplies the intermediate signal to an output node of the power conversion stage where the intermediate signal is filtered with an operating capacitance coupled to the output node. A hold-up capacitance is charged, and when a loss of the input signal is detected, the hold-up capacitance is coupled to the input node.
H02M 3/156 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
38.
SWITCHED CAPACITOR HOLD-UP SCHEME FOR CONSTANT BOOST OUTPUT VOLTAGE
A power architecture receives an input signal at an input node and converts the input signal into an intermediate signal with a power conversion stage. The power conversion stage supplies the intermediate signal to an output node of the power conversion stage where the intermediate signal is filtered with an operating capacitance coupled to the output node. A hold-up capacitance is charged, and when a loss of the input signal is detected, the hold-up capacitance is coupled to the input node.
H02M 3/18 - Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by dynamic converters using capacitors or batteries which are alternately charged and discharged, e.g. charged in parallel and discharged in series
39.
TRANSFORMER WITH CONCENTRIC WINDINGS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF SAME
A transformer may include a first and a second continuous single piece multi-turn helical winding, one concentrically received by the other. The turns of the windings are electrically insulated from one another and spaced sufficiently close together to permit inductive coupling therebetween. The turns may be formed of a conductor having a rectangular cross-section, which may, or may not, include an electrically insulative sheath. The single piece multi-turn helical windings may have a continuous or smooth radius of curvature, with no discontinuities or singularities between first and second end terminals. The transformer may be formed by wrapping electrical conductor about a winding form. The transformer may be used in various electrical circuits, for example converter circuits.
A transformer may include a first and a second continuous single piece multi-turn helical winding, one concentrically received by the other. The turns of the windings are electrically insulated from one another and spaced sufficiently close together to permit inductive coupling therebetween. The turns may be formed of a conductor having a rectangular cross-section, which may, or may not, include an electrically insulative sheath. The single piece multi-turn helical windings may have a continuous or smooth radius of curvature, with no discontinuities or singularities between first and second end terminals. The transformer may be formed by wrapping electrical conductor about a winding form. The transformer may be used in various electrical circuits, for example converter circuits.
A transformer may include a first and a second continuous single piece multi-turn helical winding where at least some turns of the windings are interleaved. The turns of the windings are electrically insulated from one another and spaced sufficiently close together to permit inductive coupling therebetween. The single piece multi-turn helical windings may have a continuous or smooth radius of curvature, with no discontinuities or singularities between first and second end terminals. The transformer may be formed by wrapping first and second electrical conductors about a winding form to form the first and second continuous single piece multi-turn helical windings substantially concurrently. Alternatively, a second continuous single piece multi-turn helical winding may be advanced on a first continuous single piece multi-turn helical winding, for example by rotation with respect thereto.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
40 - Treatment of materials; recycling, air and water treatment,
Goods & Services
Electronic power products for avionics, space and electrical systems, namely, DC/DC Converters, EMI Filters, line conditioning modules (LCM), pin terminal adapters, hold-up modules and Thermal Mounting Pads (TMP). Microelectronics and electrical system manufacturing systems for others; consultancy, information and advisory services relating to all the aforesaid services.
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Electronic power products, namely, DC/DC Converters; AC/DC Converters; Radar Transmitters; High Voltage Power Supplies for Cathode Ray Tubes; High Voltage Power Supplies for Traveling Wave Tubes Power Systems; Transformer Rectifier Units; Auto-Transformer Rectifier Units; Low Voltage/High Power Power Supplies; Low Voltage/Low Power Power Supplies; all for avionics and electrical systems
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
Goods & Services
Electronic power products, namely, DC/DC Converters, electromagnetic interference filters for suppressing conducted emissions, line conditioning modules in the nature of non-isolated DC/DC converters; pin terminal adapters, hold-up modules in the nature of boost converters; heat sink for electrical and electronic components, namely, thermal mounting pads in the nature of pre-cut isolating materials to assist in removing heat; all of the foregoing for use for avionics and space systems
