A method of forming a solid carbon product includes contacting a reaction stream comprising, a carbon oxide, and a hydrocarbon with a catalyst, forming solid carbon and gaseous products in response to the contacting, and separating the solid carbon from the gaseous products to form a solid carbon product. The solid carbon comprises a portion of the catalyst. The solid carbon material include solid carbon, and a metal selected from the group consisting of a Group VI element, a Group VII element, a Group VIII element, a Group IX element, and a Group X element. The metal in the material is encompassed by the solid carbon.
C01B 3/32 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
A process includes partially combusting a plurality of gases to produce a first product stream in a partial oxidation reactor, contacting the first product stream with a catalyst in a carbon formation reactor, forming solid carbon and hydrogen within the carbon formation reactor, and separating the solid carbon from a gaseous product stream comprising the hydrogen. The plurality of gases comprises oxygen and a hydrocarbon, and the first product stream comprises water, unreacted hydrocarbons, and carbon oxides.
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
A reaction system includes a vessel having a gas inlet and a gas outlet, a liquid within the vessel, a solid phase and a gas phase present within the vessel, and at least one liquid separator disposed within the vessel. The liquid has an upper liquid surface within the vessel, and the liquid separator is configured to remove at least a portion of liquid droplets generated based on the gas phase and the solid phase passing through the liquid.
A process for purifying a solid that has a contaminant adhered to a surface of the solid includes passing the solid through a mechanical agitator, agitating the solid comprising the contaminant adhered to the surface of the solid in the mechanical agitator, removing at least a portion of the contaminant from the surface of the solid based on the agitating to form a purified solid, and removing the purified solid from the mechanical agitator.
Electrochemical cell systems (51) and electrochemical cell processes are described as applicable to power generation or electrolysis modes with systems that have a containment vessel interior space multiple electrochemical cell stack, stack inlet plenum (43) that can accommodate thermal expansion and contraction in an economical way and that can provide a substantially equivalent environment for each stack inlet as well as can include, if desired, either or all of a vessel external compression stack mount possibly configured as a cathode outlet manifold (111) configured as a stack mount, a fully accommodative thermal expansion-contraction electrochemical cell stack mount possibly configured with external springs (91), and even the possibility of an axial flow adjuster such as a gradation plate (99) for better operation.
An integrated system for converting hydrocarbons gases to solid carbon and hydrogen products includes a pyrolysis reactor comprising a bed of particulates disposed in a reactor vessel, a heating section in fluid communication with the pyrolysis reactor, a separator system in fluid communication with the pyrolysis reactor through the product gas outlet, and a heat exchanger configured to remove heat from the reaction product gases exiting the pyrolysis reactor. The bed of particulates comprises catalyst particles, solid carbon, and inert media. The heating section is configured to heat the inert media in a hot gas stream and lift the heated inert media to the top of the heating section to return the heated inert media through the top inert media inlet, and the separator system is configured to separate any particulates in a product gas produced in the pyrolysis reactor.
C01B 3/22 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
C01B 3/24 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
C01B 3/26 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
A process of integrating heat in a reaction includes performing an exothermic reaction, generating heat and products in response to performing the exothermic reaction, transferring the heat to an endothermic reaction, and performing the endothermic reaction in response to the heat from the exothermic reaction. In addition, a reaction system includes an exothermic reactor configured to perform an exothermic reaction, an endothermic reactor configured to perform an endothermic reaction, and a heat exchange surface configured to transfer heat from the exothermic reaction to the endothermic reaction.
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
Hydrogen Reactors and crackers for use in high temp chemical reactions Hydrogen generators; pyrolysis industrial furnaces for the conversion of hydrocarbon gases to carbon and hydrogen, not for experiments and laboratories
A direct contact heat exchanger for a molten media reactor can include a plurality of trays or stages disposed in a vessel, a molten media flow path configured to pass a molten media through the plurality of trays or stages, and a gas pathway disposed through the plurality of trays or stages. The gas pathway is configured to directly contact a gas phase fluid with the molten media on the plurality of trays or stages.
A reactor system for high temperature reactions of reactants includes at least one reactant containing carbon. The reactor includes a reactor, a liquid media disposed within the reactor, and a solid carbon reaction product. The liquid media does not react irreversibly with the reactant to form products, and the liquid media wets at least a portion of a surface within the reactor. The solid carbon reaction product does not contact at least the portion of the surface within the reactor where the liquid media wets the portion of the surface within the reactor.
B01J 10/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particlesApparatus specially adapted therefor
B01J 8/22 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium gas being introduced into the liquid
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 19/26 - Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
12.
HEAT INTEGRATED CHEMICAL LOOPING FORMATION OF CARBON AND HYDROGEN
A heat integrated reaction process includes carrying out one or more exothermic reactions to produce heat and form solid carbon from a reactant gas comprising CO, a hydrocarbon, and CO2, transferring at least a portion of the heat from the one or more exothermic reactions to at least one endothermic reaction of one or more endothermic reactions, and carrying out the one or more endothermic reactions using the heat transferred from the one or more exothermic reactions.
A multiphase reaction process includes feeding a feed stream to a first reactor to form one or more products, entraining at least a portion of the solid carbon within a gas phase product leaving the first reactor, removing a portion of the carrier particles from the first reactor as a cold carrier stream, heating the carrier particles in the cold carrier stream in a second reactor to form a heated carrier stream, passing the heated carrier stream from the second reactor to the first reactor, and providing a heat of reaction for the conversion of the feed stream to the product in the first reactor with the heated carrier stream. The feed stream comprises a hydrocarbon, and the one or more products comprise hydrogen and solid carbon. The first reactor comprises catalyst particles and carrier particles.
H01M 8/0612 - Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
14.
PROCESSES AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN AND CARBON FROM HYDROCARBONS
A system includes a pyrolysis reactor containing a bed of particulates, a solids heating section, and a separator in fluid communication with the pyrolysis reactor through the product gas outlet. The pyrolysis reactor comprises a feed gas inlet at a lower portion of the bed, a product gas outlet above the bed, a particulate outlet above the feed gas inlet, a particulate inlet near the top of the bed, and a solids product outlet in a lower portion of the pyrolysis reactor. The solids heating section is configured to accept a portion of the particulates from the pyrolysis reactor through the particulate outlet, heat the portion of the particulates to form heated particulates, and return the heated particulates to the pyrolysis reactor through the particulate inlet, and the separator is configured to separate any particulates in a product gas produced, and return the particulates to the pyrolysis reactor.
A process for reacting of a hydrocarbon includes reacting a hydrocarbon with oxygen to produce a gas stream and a solid stream in a reactor, and separating the gas stream from the solid stream. The gas stream includes hydrogen, water, and carbon oxides, and the solid stream comprises solid carbon.
C01B 3/38 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
C01B 3/50 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
C01B 3/40 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
C09B 1/44 - Dyes with acylated amino groups the acyl groups being residues of a heterocyclic carboxylic acid
A reactor includes a reactor vessel, a liquid film in contact with and coating at least a portion of a surface of an interior of the reactor vessel, and one or more reaction products in contact with the liquid film within the reactor vessel. The liquid film is configured to wet at least a portion of the surface of the interior of the reactor vessel, and the liquid film is formed from a material that inhibits the deposition of at least one reaction product of the one or more reaction products on the surface of the interior of the reactor vessel.
B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactorsChemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 12/02 - Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous mediaApparatus specially adapted therefor for obtaining at least one reaction product which, at normal temperature, is in the solid state
C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
A reaction system comprises a reactor vessel, a secondary vessel, a transfer line providing fluid communication between the reactor vessel and the secondary vessel, a return line providing fluid communication between the secondary vessel and the reactor vessel, a filter disposed within the secondary vessel, and at least one freeze plug valve disposed within the transfer line or the return line.
A heat transfer media comprises a particle. The particle comprises a discontinuous phase and a matrix material. The discontinuous phase is disposed within the matrix material, and the matrix material has a higher melting point than the discontinuous phase. The discontinuous phase has a melting point selected to be within a reaction temperature range.
C10G 9/34 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
C09K 5/12 - Molten materials, i.e. materials solid at room temperature, e.g. metals or salts
A reaction process includes introducing hydrocarbon reactants into a vessel, reacting the hydrocarbon reactants in contact with the gas phase catalyst in the vessel to produce reaction products comprising solid carbon and a gas phase product, separating the solid carbon from the gas phase products and the gas phase catalyst to produce a solid carbon product, condensing the gas phase catalyst to produce a condensed catalyst, and returning the condensed catalyst to the liquid catalyst reservoir. The vessel comprises a gas phase catalyst and a liquid catalyst reservoir containing a liquid catalyst.
C10B 53/07 - Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
C10B 57/06 - Other carbonising or coking processesFeatures of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
A reaction system includes a vessel having a gas inlet and a gas outlet, a liquid within the vessel, a solid phase and a gas phase present within the vessel, and at least one liquid separator disposed within the vessel. The liquid has an upper liquid surface within the vessel, and the liquid separator is configured to remove at least a portion of liquid droplets generated based on the gas phase and the solid phase passing through the liquid.
C02F 3/20 - Activated sludge processes using diffusers
C02F 1/40 - Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
B01D 17/12 - Auxiliary equipment particularly adapted for use with liquid-separating apparatus, e.g. control circuits
B01D 3/26 - Fractionating columns in which vapour and liquid flow pass each other, or in which the fluid is sprayed into the vapour, or in which a two-phase mixture is passed in one direction
B04B 5/10 - Centrifuges combined with other apparatus, e.g. electrostatic separatorsSets or systems of several centrifuges
A process for purifying a solid that has a contaminant adhered to a surface of the solid includes passing the solid through a mechanical agitator, agitating the solid comprising the contaminant adhered to the surface of the solid in the mechanical agitator, removing at least a portion of the contaminant from the surface of the solid based on the agitating to form a purified solid, and removing the purified solid from the mechanical agitator.
B01J 8/22 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium gas being introduced into the liquid
B01J 10/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particlesApparatus specially adapted therefor
C01B 32/05 - Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups , , ,
Electrochemical cell systems (51) and electrochemical cell processes are described as applicable to power generation or electrolysis modes with systems that have a containment vessel interior space multiple electrochemical cell stack, stack inlet plenum (43) that can accommodate thermal expansion and contraction in an economical way and that can provide a substantially equivalent environment for each stack inlet as well as can include, if desired, either or all of a vessel external compression stack mount possibly configured as a cathode outlet manifold (111) configured as a stack mount, a fully accommodative thermal expansion-contraction electrochemical cell stack mount possibly configured with external springs (91), and even the possibility of an axial flow adjuster such as a gradation plate (99) for better operation.
A method of producing products includes contacting a hydrocarbon gas with a molten media, forming hydrogen and solid carbon based on the contacting, transferring the solid carbon to a heating chamber, heating the solid carbon in the heating chamber, removing at least a portion of the metal disposed on the surface of the solid carbon in the heating chamber, and recovering the solid carbon having at least the portion of the metal removed. The molten media comprises a metal in a molten state, and the carbon comprises the metal disposed on a surface of the solid carbon.
B82B 3/00 - Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
A pyrolysis process comprises introducing one or more chemical reactants into a reactor containing a liquid maintained at a high temperature, producing chemical products in the liquid based on the high temperature, allowing the solid product to grow in particle size, accumulating the solid product in the liquid, and removing the solid product from the reactor while retaining a substantial portion of the liquid within the reactor. The chemical products comprise a solid chemical product that is mixed with the liquid.
B01J 10/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particlesApparatus specially adapted therefor
B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes
C01B 32/05 - Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups , , ,
B01J 8/22 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium gas being introduced into the liquid
A method of preheating a feed to a molten material reactor comprises heating a hydrocarbon feed in a first heat exchanger using a cooled product gas to produce a heated hydrocarbon feed stream, pyrolyzing at least a portion of the C2+ hydrocarbons in the heated feed stream in a pyrolysis reactor to produce a pyrolyzed hydrocarbon stream, and heating the pyrolyzed hydrocarbon stream in a second heat exchanger using a product gas to produce a pre-heated feed gas. The heated hydrocarbon feed stream comprises methane and one or more C2+ hydrocarbons.
C01B 3/34 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
B01J 19/00 - Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in generalTheir relevant apparatus
B01J 10/00 - Chemical processes in general for reacting liquid with gaseous media other than in the presence of solid particlesApparatus specially adapted therefor
26.
PREVENTION OF SOLID DEPOSITION ON INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF REACTORS
A reactor system for high temperature reactions of reactants includes at least one reactant containing carbon. The reactor includes a reactor, a liquid media disposed within the reactor, and a solid carbon reaction product. The liquid media does not react irreversibly with the reactant to form products, and the liquid media wets at least a portion of a surface within the reactor. The solid carbon reaction product does not contact at least the portion of the surface within the reactor where the liquid media wets the portion of the surface within the reactor.
B01J 8/22 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particlesApparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium gas being introduced into the liquid
C10G 9/34 - Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
A direct contact heat exchanger for a molten media reactor can include a plurality of trays or stages disposed in a vessel, a molten media flow path configured to pass a molten media through the plurality of trays or stages, and a gas pathway disposed through the plurality of trays or stages. The gas pathway is configured to directly contact a gas phase fluid with the molten media on the plurality of trays or stages.
B01D 3/00 - Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
B01D 53/22 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by diffusion
C01B 3/26 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
A reaction system comprises a reactor vessel, a secondary vessel, a transfer line providing fluid communication between the reactor vessel and the secondary vessel, a return line providing fluid communication between the secondary vessel and the reactor vessel, a filter disposed within the secondary vessel, and at least one freeze plug valve disposed within the transfer line or the return line.
A reaction process includes introducing hydrocarbon reactants into a vessel, reacting the hydrocarbon reactants in contact with the gas phase catalyst in the vessel to produce reaction products comprising solid carbon and a gas phase product, separating the solid carbon from the gas phase products and the gas phase catalyst to produce a solid carbon product, condensing the gas phase catalyst to produce a condensed catalyst, and returning the condensed catalyst to the liquid catalyst reservoir. The vessel comprises a gas phase catalyst and a liquid catalyst reservoir containing a liquid catalyst.
C01B 3/26 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
A heat transfer media comprises a particle. The particle comprises a discontinuous phase and a matrix material. The discontinuous phase is disposed within the matrix material, and the matrix material has a higher melting point than the discontinuous phase. The discontinuous phase has a melting point selected to be within a reaction temperature range.
B01D 53/00 - Separation of gases or vapoursRecovering vapours of volatile solvents from gasesChemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols
C10G 1/06 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation
C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
C10K 3/04 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
Hydrogen Reactors and crackers for use in high temperature chemical reactions, namely, pyrolysis reactions Hydrogen generators; Pyrolysis industrial furnaces for the conversion of hydrocarbon gases to carbon and hydrogen, not for experiments and laboratories
01 - Chemical and biological materials for industrial, scientific and agricultural use
09 - Scientific and electric apparatus and instruments
11 - Environmental control apparatus
Goods & Services
Hydrogen Reactors and crackers for use in high temperature chemical reactions, namely, pyrolysis reactions Hydrogen generators; Pyrolysis industrial furnaces for the conversion of hydrocarbon gases to carbon and hydrogen, not for experiments and laboratories
42 - Scientific, technological and industrial services, research and design
Goods & Services
Consulting in the field of engineering, research and development in the field of engineering, and engineering services, all of the foregoing related to or involving environmentally friendly products services and practices, alternative energy sources, gas production, gas substances and emissions, methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbon, natural gas, renewable natural gas, synthetic gas, alkanes, ethane, butane, propane, liquid propane gas, compressed gases, alternative fuel gases, alternative fuels, gas conversion, gas reforming, gas scrubbing, gas sweetening, amine gas treating, combustion, energy conversion processes involving methane, energy conversion processes involving hydrogen, energy conversion processes involving carbon monoxide, energy conversion processes involving carbon dioxide, power systems involving methane, power systems involving hydrogen, power systems involving carbon monoxide, power systems involving carbon dioxide, power systems involving natural gas, power systems involving alternative fuels, gas technology research, gas technology research to develop new energy technology from gaseous and liquid fuels, carbon capture, carbon neutral systems and processes, greenhouse gas emissions, carbon emission elimination, climate effecting gases and substances, green energy, solar energy, energy storage, biofuels, bioreactors, alternative fuel vehicles, fuel systems, gas-based fuels, alternative fuel systems, natural gas systems, gas flows, gas conversion, gas conversion systems, energy conversion systems, solid oxide fuel cell applicable fuels, solid oxide fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cell systems, solid oxide fuel cell applicable processes, electrochemical processes, electrochemical fuel cells, electrochemical fuel systems, electrochemical fuels, power systems involving solid oxide fuels, and power systems involving electrochemical fuels
A system for hydraulic hybridization of a motor vehicle according to embodiments of the present invention includes a planetary gear mechanism including a first, second, and third planetary member and planet gears, wherein one of the first, second, and third planetary members is a sun gear, one is a ring gear, and one is a carrier; an engine, the engine including a crank shaft; a transmission, the transmission including a transmission input shaft; and a hydraulic pump/motor, the pump/motor including a pump shaft; and wherein the first planetary member is mechanically coupled to the pump shaft, wherein the second planetary member is mechanically coupled to the crank shaft, wherein the third planetary member is mechanically coupled to the transmission input shaft, and wherein the hydraulic pump/motor is not part of a hydrostatic transmission system.
B60K 6/00 - Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
36.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TIRE INFLATION AND PRESSURE REGULATION
A tire inflation device according to embodiments of the present invention includes a housing comprising a first opening and a second opening, the first opening in fluid communication with a tire by a first check valve, the first check valve permitting one-way fluid flow from the housing into the tire, a piston moveable within the housing, the piston comprising a first end closer to the first opening and a second end closer to the second opening, the piston further comprising features that operate as a second check valve permitting one-way fluid flow from the second end to the first end, and a non-linear biasing element configured to bias the piston toward the second opening, wherein the housing is mounted on a tire in a position and orientation that causes centrifugal forces generated by tire rotation to act on the piston.
