The disclosure provides methods of coating pluralities of waveguides for head-up display by providing certain groupings and arrangements of the waveguides in various opposing orientations, and coating a first group of waveguides and a second group of waveguides through a shadow mask comprising a stacked array of hexagonal apertures comprising a series of alternating first sections having decreasing aperture width and second sections having increasing aperture width, wherein the first sections are aligned with odd-numbered rows of waveguides and the second sections are aligned with even-numbered rows of waveguides.
There is provided an optical system having a viewing window. The optical system comprises a display device arranged to spatially modulate light in accordance with a first hologram of a first picture displayed thereon to form a holographic wavefront, the optical system being arranged such that a first holographic reconstruction of the first picture is formed substantially on a replay plane. The optical system further comprises an active mask at the replay plane and comprising an array of optical elements. Each optical element is arranged a) to receive a portion of the holographic wavefront from the display device; and b) to be operable between a first optical state and a second optical state. In the first optical state, each optical element is arranged to relay the respective portion of the holographic wavefront to be receivable at the viewing window. In the second optical state, each optical element is arranged such that the respective portion of the holographic wavefront is not receivable at the viewing window. The holographic reconstruction comprises first picture content in a first content area and a first artifact of the first picture content formed outside of the first content area in the holographic reconstruction, the first artifact not being present in the first picture. The optical system further comprises a driver arranged to drive the active mask such that optical elements in correspondence with the first content area of the holographic reconstruction are driven in the first optical state and at least some optical elements in correspondence with the first artifact are driven in the second optical state.
There is provided a method of manufacturing a spatial light modulator package, the method comprising the steps of: forming an electrically addressable portion on a first major surface of a substrate, the electrically addressable portion comprising: an electrode layer comprising a plurality of electrodes formed on the first major surface of the substrate; a semiconductor structure; and a plurality of solder portions electrically connected or connectable to the electrode layer via the semiconductor structure The method further comprises forming an optically addressable portion by etching the substrate from a second major surface thereof to expose the plurality of electrodes, the second major surface opposing the first major surface. The method further comprises flip chip bonding the electrically addressable portion to a package substrate, the flip chip bonding comprising aligning each solder portion with an electrical contact portion of the package substrate.
A head-up display for a vehicle is provided. The head-up display has a viewing window. The head-up display comprises an optical component. The optical component comprises a surface arranged, during head-up display operation, in a configuration that is conducive to sunlight glare. The head-up display further comprises a reflection suppression device arranged to receive sunlight on an optical path to the surface. The reflection suppression device comprises a lattice structure. The lattice structure comprises a plurality of lattice elements extending from the surface of the optical component. At least one lattice element has a first pair of opposing parallel first sides and a second pair of opposing parallel second sides. The first sides are longer than the second sides.
A display system comprises a waveguide forming a pupil expander. The waveguide comprises a pair of opposing surfaces arranged to guide a diffracted light field therebetween by internal reflection. An input port of the waveguide is arranged to receive light from a display system. An output port of the waveguide is formed by a first transmissive-reflective element of a first surface of the pair of opposing surfaces. The first transmissive-reflective element is such that the diffracted light field is divided at each internal reflection and a plurality of replicas of the diffracted light field are transmitted out of the waveguide through the output port. The input port comprises a second transmissive-reflection element arranged to receive at least a portion of the light from the display system.
There is provided a head-up display for a vehicle. The head-up display comprises a substantially planar waveguide having a reflective surface arranged, during head-up display operation, in a configuration that is conducive to sunlight glare. The head-up display further comprises a reflection suppression device. The reflection suppression device comprises a first layer comprising a first serrated surface arranged to receive a holographic wavefront from the waveguide and provide a first turn of the holographic wavefront having at least a component on a first plane containing a surface normal of the waveguide, wherein the first layer is formed of transparent material. The reflection suppression device further comprises an intermediate layer arranged to receive the holographic wavefront from the first layer, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a plurality of louvres in an array, each louvre comprising a light absorbing material. The reflection suppression device further comprises a second layer arranged to receive the holographic wavefront from the intermediate layer. The second layer comprises a second serrated surface arranged to provide a second turn of the holographic wavefront having at least a component on the first plane. The component of the second turn on the first plane is equal and opposite to the component of the first turn on the first plane.
B32B 3/30 - Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layerLayered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shapeLayered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. grooved, ribbed
Disclosed optical system embodiments comprise: a waveguide; a spatial light modulator; a first optical element configured to illuminate the spatial light modulator at a first angle of illumination to produce a first wavefront; and a second optical element configured to illuminate the spatial light modulator at a second angle of illumination to produce a second wavefront. The waveguide comprises: a pair of opposing surfaces arranged to guide light therebetween by internal reflection; and an input port. The waveguide is configured to: receive the first wavefront at the input port at a first angle of incidence; receive the second wavefront at the input port at a second angle of incidence opposite in direction to the first angle of incidence; replicate the first wavefront along a first dimension in a first direction; and replicate the second wavefront along the same dimension in an opposite direction.
G03H 1/02 - Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from themDetails peculiar thereto Details
A head-up display for a vehicle includes a picture generating unit arranged to project an image onto a screen and a replicator arranged to receive the image and replicate the image. The head-up display also includes a corrective device located in the optical path of the replicated image downstream from the replicator, arranged to compensate for a complex curvature of an optical combiner downstream from the corrective device and to form a virtual image of the image that is visible from a plurality of viewing positions of a viewing window. The corrective device is arranged to introduce a first disparity offset to at least some of the plurality of virtual image points. The first disparity offset of each virtual image point is substantially constant for the plurality of viewing positions of the viewing window and is a function of the position of the virtual image point in the virtual image.
B60K 35/234 - Head-up displays [HUD] controlling the brightness, colour or contrast of virtual images depending on the driving conditions or on the condition of the vehicle or the driver
A head-up display for a vehicle is provided. The head-up display comprises a picture generating unit arranged to project an image onto a screen. The head-up display further comprises a replicator arranged to receive the image and replicate the image. The head-up display further comprises a corrective device located in the optical path of the replicated image downstream from the replicator. The corrective device is arranged to compensate for a complex curvature of an optical combiner downstream from the corrective device. The optical combiner is further arranged to form a virtual image of the image. The virtual image has a field of view. The head-up display is further arranged to form a tilted image plane having a first projection distance at the bottom of the field of view and a second projection distance at the top of the field of view. The first projection distance is less than the second projection distance.
A waveguide head-up display comprising an optical layer stack configured to receive a first wavefront from a waveguide. The first wavefront comprises a first wavelength component having a first circular polarization and a second wavelength component. The first wavelength component has a first value of an optical property and the second wavelength component has a second value of the optical property, the second value being different to the first value. The optical layer stack comprises a Pancharatnam-Berry, "PB", phase structure configured to apply a first optical correction and change of handedness of circular polarization to the first wavelength component of the first wavefront to form a corrected wavefront comprising the first wavelength component and the second wavelength component. The first wavelength component of the corrected wavefront has a first corrected value of the optical property and a circular polarization handedness opposite that of the first circular polarization. A difference between the first corrected value and the second value is smaller than a difference between the first value and the second value.
A head-up display for a vehicle is provided. The head-up display comprises a picture generating unit arranged to project an image onto a screen. The head-up display further comprises a replicator arranged to receive the image and replicate the image. The head-up display further comprises a corrective device located in the optical path of the replicated image downstream from the replicator. The corrective device is arranged to compensate for a complex curvature of an optical combiner downstream from the corrective device. The optical combiner is further arranged to form a virtual image of the image that is visible from a plurality of viewing positions of a viewing window of the head-up display. The virtual image comprises a plurality of virtual image points. The corrective device is further arranged to introduce a first disparity offset to at least some of the plurality of virtual image points. The first disparity offset of each virtual image point is substantially constant for the plurality of viewing positions of the viewing window. The first disparity offset is a function of the position of the virtual image point in the virtual image.
A waveguide comprising a pair of opposing surfaces arranged to guide a wavefront therebetween by internal reflection. The waveguide further comprises a first surface of the pair of opposing surfaces comprising a first section and a second section. The first section is substantially transmissive and is configured to receive the wavefront. The second section is substantially reflective and is configured to internally reflect the wavefront. The first section and the second section abut one another to form a non-linear and irregularly oscillating boundary line parallel to the first surface of the waveguide.
An etendue expander for a display. The etendue expander comprises a first lens arranged to form a holographic reconstruction of a hologram displayed at a first focal plane thereof. The holographic reconstruction comprises a plurality of pixels. The etendue expander comprises a plurality of microlenses. Each microlens is aligned with a respective pixel of the holographic reconstruction to form an image of the plurality of pixels. The etendue expander comprises a second lens arranged such that the image of the plurality of pixels is disposed at a first focal plane thereof and a relayed hologram is formed at a second focal plane thereof. The etendue of the relayed hologram is greater than that of the hologram.
There is provided a light engine arranged to provide a viewing system with spatially modulated light. The viewing system has an entrance pupil. The light engine comprises a display device arranged to display a hologram and spatially modulate light in accordance with the hologram. The light engine further comprises a hologram engine arranged to receive information identifying at least one primary contributory area of the display device, based on the location of the entrance pupil, that substantially propagate spatially modulated light passing through the entrance pupil at the location that contributes to a primary image. The hologram engine is further arranged to receive information identifying at least one sub-area of the primary contributory area, to determine the hologram in only the at least one sub-areas and to output the hologram to the display device for display. Each sub-area has a greater radial symmetry than the primary contributory area.
A head-up display is provided. The head-up display comprises an optical component comprising a surface arranged, during head-up display operation, in a configuration that is conducive to sunlight glare. The head-up display further comprises a reflection suppression device arranged to receive sunlight on an optical path to the surface. The reflection suppression device comprises a lattice structure. The lattice structure extends in a first direction and a second direction. The lattice structure forms a plurality of channels extending in a third direction. Each channel is defined by a respective axis having a first angle in the first direction and second angle in the second direction. The first angle is a function of the first direction.
A method comprising: applying a respective value of a first plurality of values of a first control parameter to each light source of a projector system, wherein each of the first plurality of values of the first control parameter determines an output luminance of a corresponding light source; measuring a first luminance and first colour space coordinates of a light pattern displayed based on the first plurality of values; converting the first luminance and first colour space coordinates to corresponding tristimulus values; calculating therefrom a respective colour luminance value corresponding to each light source; calculating a linear relationship between the first control parameter and each colour luminance value; determining a second plurality of values of the first control parameter based on the linear relationships and a target colour luminance value for each light source; and controlling the plurality of light sources using the second plurality of values.
A display system comprising a replicator, a light control device and a diffractive optical element The replicator is arranged to receive spatially modulated light. The replicator is further arranged to replicate the spatially modulated light to form a plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light by waveguiding between a reflective surface and a transmissive- reflective surface. The transmissive-reflective surface forms an output surface for the plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light. The light control device is located in the optical path of the plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light. The light control device is downstream from the output surface of the replicator. The light control device comprises a bulk optic. The bulk optic has non-uniform power that compensates for the non-uniform power of an optical combiner downstream thereof. The non-uniform power of the bulk optic is refractive. The diffractive optical element is arranged to provide a global turn of the spatially modulated light and replicas thereof. The global turn is provided by diffraction.
Disclosed embodiments include a replicator arranged to receive spatially modulated light and replicate the spatially modulated light to form a plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light by waveguiding between a reflective surface and a transmissive-reflective surface. The transmissive-reflective surface forms an output surface for the plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light. Some embodiments additionally include a light control device (i) located in an optical path of the plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light downstream from the output surface of the replicator, and (ii) arranged to provide a first angular turn to the replicas of the spatially modulated light. The first angular turn is caused by refractive power and has a primary component on a plane. Some embodiments also include a diffractive optical element arranged to provide a second angular turn to the spatially modulated light or the replicas thereof.
A display system comprising a replicator, a light control device and a diffractive optical element. The replicator is arranged to receive spatially modulated light. The replicator is further arranged to replicate the spatially modulated light to form a plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light by waveguiding between a reflective surface and a transmissive- reflective surface. The transmissive-reflective surface forms an output surface for the plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light. The light control device is located in the optical path of the plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light. The light control device is downstream from the output surface of the replicator. The light control device comprises a Fresnel structure. The Fresnel structure has non-uniform power that compensates for the non-uniform power of an optical combiner downstream thereof. The non-uniform power of the Fresnel structure is refractive. The Fresnel structure has a first dimension that is no less than 2.0 mm. The diffractive optical element is arranged to provide a global turn of the spatially modulated light and replicas thereof. The global turn is provided by diffraction.
A method of fabricating a waveguide. The waveguide comprises a plastic core substrate, a first glass substrate and a second glass substrate. The method comprises forming a transmissive-reflective surface on the first glass substrate. The transmissive-reflective surface may be formed on a first major face of the first glass substrate and the reflective surface may be formed on a first major face of the second glass substrate. The transmissive-reflective surface comprises a plurality of gradient thickness layers. The plurality of gradient thickness layers is arranged to provide a transmissivity that increases with distance in a first dimension of the first glass substrate and/or a reflectivity that decreases in the same direction. The method further comprises sandwiching a plastic core substrate between the transmissive- reflective surface of the first glass substrate and a reflective surface of a second glass substrate. The transmissive-reflective surface and reflective surface form a pair of complementary surfaces for partial waveguiding in the plastic core substrate and therebetween. The transmissive-reflective surface and reflective surface are protected from the environment and other external factors.
A coating device comprising a sample carrier, a source, shadow mask and coating driver. The source comprises a plurality of targets such as a first target and second target. The source is arranged to coat at least one sample housed in the sample carrier. The shadow mask is disposed in a line-of-sight between the sample carrier and source. The shadow mask is arranged such that the first target provides a first coating contribution. The shadow mask is further arranged such that the second target provides a second coating contribution. The second coating contribution is different to the first coating contribution. At least one of the first and second coating contributions is non-uniform in a first dimension of the sample. The coating driver is arranged to independently control the first coating contribution and second coating contribution such that a thickness gradient of the coating in the first direction is variable.
G03H 1/02 - Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from themDetails peculiar thereto Details
A display system and a waveguide pupil expander are described. The display system comprises an optical component having first and second major surfaces and one or more minor surfaces each defining an edge face of the optical component. One or more of the first and second major surfaces of the optical component are reflective. A light control layer is disposed over the first major surface of the optical component. The light control layer comprises a louvre structure comprising an array of louvres arranged to suppress reflections of sunlight received on an optical path to the first major surface. At least one edge face of the optical component is arranged to suppress specular reflection of light incident thereon. In embodiments, the optical component is a waveguide pupil expander.
A head-up display for a vehicle includes a picture generating unit arranged to project an image onto a screen and a replicator arranged to receive the image and replicate the image. The head-up display also includes a corrective device located in the optical path of the replicated image downstream from the replicator, arranged to compensate for a complex curvature of an optical combiner downstream from the corrective device and to form a virtual image of the image that is visible from a plurality of viewing positions of a viewing window. The corrective device is arranged to introduce a first disparity offset to at least some of the plurality of virtual image points. The first disparity offset of each virtual image point is substantially constant for the plurality of viewing positions of the viewing window and is a function of the position of the virtual image point in the virtual image.
B60K 35/234 - Head-up displays [HUD] controlling the brightness, colour or contrast of virtual images depending on the driving conditions or on the condition of the vehicle or the driver
Embodiments include a system having a viewing window and arranged to project a first image on a first plane and a second image on a second plane, the system including (i) a replicator arranged to receive spatially modulated light and form a plurality of replicas by waveguiding between a reflective surface and a transmissive-reflective surface forming an output surface, (ii) a light control device in the optical path of the replicas downstream from the output surface, wherein a first plurality of replicas of the first image form a first light footprint on a first area of the light control device and a second plurality of replicas of the second image form a second light footprint on a second area of the light control device, and (iii) a driver arranged to move the light control device relative to the replicator.
There is provided an optical system having a viewing window. The optical system comprises a display device arranged to spatially modulated light in accordance with a hologram displayed thereon to form a holographic wavefront. The holographic wavefront forms a holographic reconstruction of an image downstream of the display device. The optical system further comprises a waveguide arranged to receive the holographic wavefront and waveguide the holographic wavefront between a pair of reflective surfaces thereof. One surface of the pair of reflective surfaces is partially transmissive such that a plurality of replicas of the holographic wavefront are emitted therefrom. The optical system further comprises an optical component between the holographic reconstruction and the waveguide, wherein the optical component is arranged to (a) form a virtual image of the holographic reconstruction upstream of the display device and (b) form an image of the displayed hologram at infinity or downstream of the waveguide.
G03H 1/22 - Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
G03H 1/00 - Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from themDetails peculiar thereto
G03H 1/16 - Processes or apparatus for producing holograms using Fourier transform
A display system comprises a replicator arranged to receive spatially modulated light and replicate the spatially modulated light to form a plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light by waveguiding between a reflective surface and a transmissive-reflective surface. The display system further comprises a light control device located in the optical path of the plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light downstream from the output surface of the replicator. The light control device is arranged to provide a first compensation for the curvature of a curved optical component downstream from the light control device. The first compensation is a function of the position on the output surface and is arranged to only partially counteract the curvature of the optical component and retain some distortion from the curvature of the optical component of at least one of the replicas compared to another of the replicas.
A head-up display for a vehicle is provided. The head-up display comprises a replicator and a light control device. The replicator is arranged to receive spatially modulated light and replicate the spatially modulated light to form a plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light by waveguiding between a reflective surface and a transmissive-reflective surface. The transmissive-reflective surface forms an output surface for the plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light. The light control device is located in the optical path of the plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light downstream from the output surface of the replicator. The light control device comprises an arch such that a non-uniform gap is formed between the output surface of the replicator and light control device.
G03H 1/00 - Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from themDetails peculiar thereto
G03H 1/22 - Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
G02B 27/00 - Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups ,
A diffuser arranged to rotate around a rotation centre thereof is provided. Each point on the diffuser forms a diffusion profile that is a function of radial distance from the rotation centre but rotationally invariant.
A head-up display is described. A spatial light modulator is arranged to display a diffractive pattern of first picture content and/or second picture content. A screen assembly has first and second diffusers arranged in a stepped configuration so that the first diffuser is spatially offset from the second diffuser by a perpendicular distance. A light source is arranged to illuminate the diffractive pattern such that the first picture content is formed on the first diffuser and/or the second picture content is formed on the second diffuser. An optical system comprising at least one optical element having optical power is arranged so that the first and second diffusers have different object distances to the optical system.
B60K 35/10 - Input arrangements, i.e. from user to vehicle, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
B60K 35/21 - Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays
B60K 35/232 - Head-up displays [HUD] controlling the projection distance of virtual images depending on the condition of the vehicle or the driver
B60K 35/60 - Instruments characterised by their location or relative disposition in or on vehicles
B60K 35/85 - Arrangements for transferring vehicle- or driver-related data
A head-up display for a vehicle is provided. The head-up display has a viewing window. The head-up display comprises a substantially planar waveguide. The waveguide has a reflective surface that is arranged, during head-up display operation, in a configuration that is conducive to sunlight glare. The head-up display further comprises a light control layer arranged to receive sunlight on an optical path to the reflective surface. The light control layer comprises a plurality of serrations. Each serration has a tip. At least one of the serrations comprises a reflection suppression extension extending from the tip of the serration. The reflection suppression extension is arranged to receive sunlight on an optical path to the viewing window.
A compact head-up display having a layered stack of components The layered stack of components comprises a waveguide and a Pancharatnam-Berry, "PB", lens. The waveguide is arranged to receive a wavefront corresponding to a picture and output an array of replicas thereof by (partial) waveguiding between a pair of reflective surfaces. The PB lens is arranged to receive the array of replicas from the waveguide and apply (e.g. non-uniform) optical power thereto.
A display system comprising an optical sub-system, a coupling lens and a first one-dimensional replicator. The optical sub-system is arranged to form an optimised wavefront. The optimised wavefront comprises chief rays. Each chief ray comprises a first component and a second component. The first component is a first angle in a first direction and the second component is a second angle in a second direction. The second angle is a function of the second direction. The first angle may be zero or constant. The coupling lens is arranged to receive the optimised wavefront and form a first pupil corresponding to the first direction and a second pupil corresponding to the second direction. The second pupil is displaced from the first pupil owing to a difference between the first angle and second angle. That is, the first and second pupil are formed on different planes in the z-direction. For example, the second pupil may be downstream of the first pupil. An entrance port of a first one-dimensional replicator is substantially aligned with the first pupil.
A method comprising: receiving a first signal indicating a first viewing position of a user within a viewing space of a head-up display; determining a first intensity for a first target image based on a distance between the first viewing position and a predetermined reference viewing position within the viewing space; and illuminating a first hologram corresponding to the first target image to holographically reconstruct the first target image at the first intensity; then, receiving a second signal indicating a second viewing position of the user within the viewing space, wherein the second viewing position is different to the first viewing position; and determining a second intensity for a second target image based on a distance between the second viewing position and the predetermined reference viewing position within the viewing space; illuminating a second hologram corresponding to the second target image to reconstruct the second target image at the second intensity; wherein the second intensity is different to the first intensity, and a difference between the first intensity and the second intensity indicates whether the second viewing position is closer to the predetermined reference viewing position or further from the predetermined reference viewing position compared to the first viewing position.
A holographic projection system arranged to display a target picture and a method of holographic projection is disclosed. A hologram comprises a first sub-hologram corresponding to a first picture area of a picture and a second sub-hologram corresponding to the second picture area of the picture. The first and second picture areas are spatially displaced in at least one of first and second orthogonal dimensions. A portion of a holographic wavefront corresponding to the first-sub-hologram is steered in a first diagonal direction with respect to a propagation axis. A portion of a holographic wavefront corresponding to the first-sub-hologram is steered in a second diagonal direction with respect to a propagation axis. The second diagonal direction is different from the first diagonal direction in at least one of the first and second dimensions.
There is provided a driver for a spatial light modulator comprising a plurality of pixels. The driver is configured to receive a hologram of a picture and drive the spatial light modulator to display the hologram on a group of pixels of the plurality of pixels. The driver is further configured to apply a series of phase offsets to the spatial light modulator displaying the hologram, wherein each phase offset of the series of phase offsets is applied to each pixel of the group of pixels for a respective predetermined period of time.
There is provided a method for determining an intensity ratio of a holographic replay field. The method comprises forming a holographic replay field at a plane comprising a housing, wherein the holographic replay field comprises an image area and a non-image area. The method further comprises displaying a first feature at a first position of the holographic replay field. The method further comprises measuring an intensity IA of the first feature using a first light detector, wherein the first light detector is disposed on the housing. The method further comprises displaying a second feature at a second position of the holographic replay field, wherein the second feature is substantially identical to the first feature and forms a conjugate at the position of a second light detector. The second light detector is disposed on the housing. The method further comprises measuring an intensity IB′ of the conjugate image of the second feature using the second light detector. The method further comprises calculating a ratio of the intensities IA, IB′ of the first feature and the conjugate image of the second feature.
A holographic projection system arranged to display a picture and a method of holographic projection is disclosed. The picture comprises first picture content and second picture. A first sub-hologram of the first picture content and a second sub-hologram of the second picture content are determined. The first sub-hologram comprises a plurality of first sub-hologram pixels and the second hologram comprises a plurality of second sub-hologram pixels. A hologram of the picture is formed by spatially interlacing the first and second sub-holograms. The hologram comprises a plurality of hologram pixels each comprising first and second sub-pixels corresponding to respective first and second sub-hologram pixels.
G03H 1/30 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique discrete holograms only
A semiconductor device comprising a pixel area comprising a plurality of active pixel, a gasket seal delimiting the pixel area and at least one conductive element for electrical connection. The conductive element comprises a plurality of conductive sub-elements.
G02F 1/1345 - Conductors connecting electrodes to cell terminals
G03H 1/22 - Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
H01L 23/482 - Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads or terminal arrangements consisting of lead-in layers inseparably applied to the semiconductor body
There is provided a method of projection using an optical element having spatially variant optical power. The method comprises combining Fourier domain data representative of a 2D image with Fourier domain data having a first lensing effect to produce first holographic data. Light is spatially modulated with the first holographic data to form a first spatially modulated light beam. The first spatially modulated light beam is redirected using the optical element by illuminating a first region of the optical element with the first spatially modulated beam. The first lensing effect compensates for the optical power of the optical element in the first region.
G03H 1/16 - Processes or apparatus for producing holograms using Fourier transform
G03H 1/22 - Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
G03H 1/30 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique discrete holograms only
G06T 5/20 - Image enhancement or restoration using local operators
G06T 11/60 - Editing figures and textCombining figures or text
H04N 9/31 - Projection devices for colour picture display
A head-up display for a vehicle is provided. The head-up display comprises an optical component arranged to emit light from a first surface thereof. The head-up display further comprises a light control layer having a plurality of elongate structures and being arranged in cooperation with the optical component on an optical path between the first surface and an eye-box of the head-up display. Finally, the head-up display comprises a driver arranged to move the light control layer between a first position and a second position. The motion is on a plane parallel to a plane of the first surface.
A method of holographic reconstruction of a picture. The method comprises a first step of displaying a hologram of the picture on a spatial light modulator. The spatial light modulator comprises a pixel array and a cover glass. An area of the cover glass is greater than an 5 area of the pixel array. The method comprises a second step of illuminating the hologram with light. A footprint of the light on the spatial light modulator overfills the pixel array. A footprint of the light on the spatial light modulator underfills the cover glass. The footprint of the light does not impinge an edge of the cover glass. A spread of a DC component of the picture is reduced.
There is disclosed herein a waveguide including an optical slab and an optical wedge. The optical slab has a first refractive index, n1>1. The optical slab includes: a pair of opposing surfaces and an input port. The pair of opposing surfaces are arranged in a parallel configuration. The input port is arranged to receive light into the optical slab at an angle such that the light is guided between the first and second opposing surfaces. The optical wedge has a second refractive index, n2, wherein 1
A method of forming a multi-layer transmission coating for a waveguide, including a step a of determining a first coating parameter and a coating function for each layer to optimise the transmissivity at a plurality of locations along the waveguide for a plurality of different wavelengths. The coating function is chosen from a plurality of allowable coating functions. Next, there is a step b of forming the plurality of layers using the determined coating parameters and coating functions, and a step c of measuring a thickness of at least one layer at each of the plurality of locations. The measurements indicate that the coating function deviates from that selected during the optimisation of step a. Finally, there is a step d of determining a second coating parameter for at least one layer by repeating the optimisation of step a using the coating function derived from the measurements of step c.
A kinoform arranged for rotation. The kinoform is divided into a plurality of concentric zones. Each concentric zone is sub-divided, in a circumferential direction, into a plurality of phase-delay areas. The number of phase-delay areas per concentric zone increases with the radius of the concentric zone. Adjoining phase-delay areas, in the radial and circumferential directions, have different phase-delays. The phase-delays may be pseudo-random to provide speckle reduction.
A display device comprising a pulse generator, a plurality of pulse lines and a plurality of pixels. The pulse generator is arranged to generate a plurality of pulse trains. Each pulse train has a respective pulse frequency. The frequency of each pulse train is substantially constant or non-varying. Each pulse line is arranged to transmit a respective pulse train. Each pixel of the plurality of pixels comprises memory-in-pixel, a plurality of gates and a pulse combiner. The memory-in-pixel is arranged to store an n-bit number which may represent a pixel value or grey level. Each gate is connected to a respective pulse line. Each gate corresponds to a respective bit of the n-bit number. The pulse combiner is arranged to combine the outputs of the gates to produce a combined pulse train. The outputs of the gates are interleaved in time. The pulse trains of the different lines are non-overlapping. The frequency of the pulse train is a function of the significance of the bit of the n-bit number.
G09G 3/32 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
A head-up display comprising a light control device and at least one waveguide A first waveguide is arranged to receive a wavefront and replica the wavefront by waveguiding between a reflective and partially reflective surface to form a linear array of the wavefronts. Each wavefront of the linear array comprises a diverging light ray bundle encoding a picture. The light control device comprises a first layered structure and a second layered structure. The first layered structure comprises a first polariser. The second layered structure comprises a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the waveguide and the eye-box. The first layered structure is spatially separated from the second layered structure.
G02F 1/01 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
A method of colour display The method comprises receiving and spatially multiplexing a first data stream and second data stream. The first data stream comprises a plurality of first colour pixel values and the second data stream comprises a plurality of second colour pixel values. The process of spatially multiplexing the first data stream and second data stream forms an output data stream. The output data stream comprises a plurality of output pixel values. Each output pixel value is representative of a first colour pixel value or a second colour pixel value. The step of multiplexing comprises representing first colour pixel values using a first range of allowable output pixel values and representing second colour pixel values using a second range of allowable output pixel values.
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
A head-up display for a vehicle comprises an optical component having a reflective surface arranged, during head-up display operation, in a configuration that is conducive to sunlight glare. A light control layer is disposed on the optical component to receive sunlight on an optical path to the reflective surface. The light control layer comprises a sunlight-receiving surface and a core material separating an array of louvres. The sunlight-receiving surface of the light control layer is serrated in coordination with the array of louvres so as to deflect received sunlight away from the eye-box of the head-up display.
A head-up display is provided. The head-up display has an eye-box defined by a first and second dimension. The head-up display comprises a first optical sub-system having one- dimensional magnification in the second dimension. The first optical sub-system is arranged to receive an input wavefront having a first aspect ratio and output a stretched wavefront. A size in the second dimension of the stretched wavefront is greater than that of the input wavefront in accordance with the one-dimensional magnification. The head-up display further comprises a waveguide arranged to receive the stretched wavefront and output the stretched wavefront and a plurality of replicas thereof extending in the first dimension by waveguiding between a reflective surface and a reflective-transmissive surface. The head-up display also comprises a second optical sub-system having one-dimensional de-magnification in the second dimension. The second optical sub-system is arranged to receive the stretched wavefront, and plurality of replicas thereof, and output a compressed wavefront, and plurality of replicas thereof. A size in the second dimension of the compressed wavefront, and each replica thereof, is less than that of the stretched wavefront in accordance with the one-dimensional de-magnification. The one-dimensional de-magnification is mismatched with the one-dimensional magnification. The mismatch corresponds to the difference between the aspect ratio of the input wavefront and that of an optical component downstream of the second optical sub-system.
A hologram replicator for a head-up display. The head-up display has an eye-box defined by a first (e.g. horizontal) and second (e.g. vertical) dimension. The hologram replicator comprises a first optical sub-system and a first waveguide. The first optical sub-system has one-dimensional magnification in the second dimension. The first optical sub-system is arranged to receive an input holographic wavefront formed by a hologram. The input holographic wavefront comprises a diverging light ray bundle characterised by a maximum divergence angle. The first optical sub-system is further arranged to output a stretched holographic wavefront. The first waveguide is arranged to receive the holographic wavefront from the first optical sub-system. The first waveguide is further arranged to output the holographic wavefront and a plurality of replicas thereof extending in the first dimension by waveguiding. A divergence angle of the holographic wavefront in the second dimension is reduced during waveguiding.
G03H 1/30 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique discrete holograms only
A pupil expander for a head-up display comprising an eye-box having a first dimension and second dimension is disclosed. The pupil expander comprises a waveguide (900) arranged to replicate an input light field, received at a range of input angles, in the first dimension of the eye-box. The pupil expander further comprises an input port (930) arranged to receive the input light field. The input port comprises a diffractive structure (960) arranged to substantially redirect the light field into first and second orders. The first and second orders are waveguided by the waveguide (900) in opposing directions of the first dimension.
A pixel driver arranged to drive a display device to display a first colour pixel pattern and second colour pixel pattern on an array of pixels thereof at the same time. The pixel driver comprises: n data channels and a pixel voltage selector. The n data channels are respectively arranged to receive n consecutive pixel values of a row of pixel values of pixel data at substantially the same time. The pixel voltage selector connects a first data channel of the n data channels to a first colour gamma buffer in order to retrieve a first analogue voltage in accordance with a first colour calibration. The pixel voltage selector also connects a second data channel of the n data channels to a second colour gamma buffer to retrieve a second analogue voltage in accordance with a second colour calibration. The association between data channels and gamma buffers is dynamic or programmable.
G09G 3/20 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix
A head-up display comprising a picture generating unit and a viewer tracking unit The picture generating unit comprises a display device and a waveguide. The display device is arranged to output a wavefront such as a holographic wavefront. The waveguide is arranged to receive the wavefront from the display device. The waveguide is further arranged to output an array of replicas of the wavefront to form an expanded or extended wavefront. The viewer tracking unit comprises a light source and a detector. The light source is arranged to illuminate at least a portion of the eye-box. The detector is arranged to detect light of the light source reflected from the illuminated portion of the eye-box. The waveguide is disposed between the detector and eye-box. An optical axis of the detector is aligned with an optical axis of the picture generating unit. The optical axis is associated with a gut ray of the wavefront.
A holographic projector arranged to overlap a first single-colour holographic reconstruction of a first picture component and a second single-colour holographic reconstruction of a second picture component The holographic projector further comprises a spatial filter. The spatial filter has a first area and a second area. The first area is transmissive to light of the first single-colour (e.g. blue). That is, the first area is substantially fully-transmissive at a wavelength of the first single-colour. The first area is also transmissive to light of the second single-colour (e.g. green). That is, the first area is substantially fully-transmissive at a wavelength of the second single-colour. The second area is non-transmissive (e.g. reflective) to light of the first single-colour (e.g. blue) but transmissive to light of the second single-colour (e.g. green). The first area corresponds to a replay field area of the first single-colour. The first area and second area collectively correspond to a replay field area of the second single-colour. Each replay field may have a size defined by the wavelength of the corresponding single-colour light. The second area borders the first area.
A display system having a viewing plane from which an image is visible. The display system comprises a hologram replicator arranged to output an array of replicas of a holographic wavefront. Angles of the holographic wavefront correspond to spatial coordinates of an image corresponding to the holographic wavefront. An optical component is arranged to receive the array of replicas. The optical component has a primary surface arranged to direct a primary reflection of the array of replicas towards the viewing plane to form a primary composite holographic wavefront at the viewing plane. The optical component further has a secondary surface arranged to direct a secondary reflection of the array of replicas towards the viewing plane to form a ghost composite holographic wavefront at the viewing plane. An angle and distance between the primary surface and secondary surface are arranged to: 1/ overlap the primary composite holographic wavefront and the ghost composite holographic wavefront at the viewing plane; and 2/ parallelise the corresponding angular components of the primary composite holographic wavefront and the ghost composite holographic wavefront arriving at the viewing plane.
A method of suppressing a ghost reflection for a display system arranged to provide a viewing system, having an entrance pupil, with spatially modulated light, the display system comprising a display device. The method comprises displaying a hologram and spatially modulating light in accordance with the hologram. The method further comprises receiving contribution information identifying contributory and non-contributory areas of the display device based on the location of the entrance pupil, wherein the contributory areas of the display device substantially propagate spatially modulated light passing through the entrance pupil at the location and non-contributory areas of the display device substantially propagate spatially modulated light stopped by the entrance pupil at the location. The contribution information further identifies (i) at least one primary contributory area of the display device propagating light to the viewing system that contributes to a primary image and (ii) at least one secondary contributory area of the display device propagating light to the viewing system that contributes to a secondary image, wherein the primary image is formed by a primary reflection of the spatially modulated light from the primary surface of the optical component and the secondary image is formed by a ghost reflection of the spatially modulated light from the secondary surface of the optical component. The method further comprises determining the hologram based on only the at least one primary contributory area of the display device and to output the hologram to the display device for display.
A head-up display system comprises an optical combiner, and a display system The display system is arranged to output head-up display light to the optical combiner. The head-up display light is linearly polarised light that is S-polarised. The optical combiner comprises a primary surface and a secondary surface. The primary surface is arranged to direct a first portion of the display light towards a viewing plane to form a primary image. The secondary surface is arranged to direct a second portion of the display light towards the viewing plane to form a ghost reflection of the primary image. The optical combiner comprises a polarisation converter between the primary surface and the secondary surface arranged to reduce the intensity of the ghost reflection.
A display device having a viewing window on a viewing plane is described. The display device comprises a picture generating unit, a first waveguide pupil expander and a second waveguide pupil expander. The picture generating unit is arranged to display a picture on a display plane. The picture is a holographic reconstruction formed from a hologram of the picture. The first waveguide pupil expander comprises an input port arranged to receive light of the picture and to expand a first exit pupil thereof in a first dimension. The second waveguide pupil expander comprises an input port arranged to receive light of the picture and to expand a second exit pupil thereof in the first dimension. The first dimension corresponds to a dimension of the viewing window. A method of expanding a viewing window of a display device is also described.
A holographic projection system includes a detector arrangement arranged to detect light received by a first detection area. The system is arranged to perform an optical alignment process including selecting a first pixel of an array of pixels; forming a first holographic reconstruction of a first picture; moving the first holographic reconstructionin a first dimension of a replay plane such that the first holographic reconstruction is moved between a plurality of positions; and determining a value for a parameter of the light received by the first detection area in each of the plurality of positions and comparing each respective determined parameter value to a threshold condition. If the threshold condition is not met, the holographic projection system is arranged to repeat the optical alignment process by: selecting a second pixel of the array of pixels; and forming a second holographic reconstruction of a second picture.
A display system comprises a replicator arranged to receive spatially modulated light and replicate the spatially modulated light to form a plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light by waveguiding between a reflective surface and a transmissive-reflective surface, which forms an output surface for the plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light. The display system further comprises a light control device located in the optical path of the plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light downstream from the output surface of the replicator, arranged to provide a first compensation for the curvature of a curved optical component downstream from the light control device. The first compensation is arranged to only partially counteract the curvature of the optical component and retain some distortion from the curvature of the optical component of at least one of the replicas compared to another of the replicas.
A light control device The light control device comprises a plurality of elongate elements. The plurality of elongate elements is arranged on a plane. The elongate elements are substantially aligned and adjoined in the elongate direction. The elongate elements are each ramped in cross section to form a plurality of first surfaces that are inclined with respect to the plane. At least one first surface comprises curvature.
A display system is provided The display system comprises a replicator arranged to receive spatially modulated light and replicate the spatially modulated light to form a plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light by waveguiding between a reflective surface and a transmissive-reflective surface. The transmissive-reflective surface forms an output surface for the plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light. The display system further comprises a light control device located in the optical path of the plurality of replicas of the spatially modulated light downstream from the output surface of the replicator. The light control device is arranged to compensate for the curvature of an curved optical component downstream from the light control device. The compensation is a function of the position on the output surface.
A system comprising a first replicator, a second replicator and an optical element is described. The first replicator is arranged to receive a diffracted light field and replicate the diffracted light field in a first direction. The second replicator is arranged to receive output light from the first replicator and replicate the diffracted light field in a second direction, the second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The optical element comprises a turning layer. The optical element is arranged to optically-couple output light from the first replicator to an input of the second replicator. The turning layer is arranged to turn a ray direction of output light from the first replicator.
A processing means is disclosed. The processing means is for use in a display system to display a picture in an eye box to a user. The processing means is configured to: receive a signal indicative of a presence a polarizing element in the eye box; determine a corrective data set for the picture based on the signal; and output the corrective data set to the display system such that the picture is displayed based on the presence of the polarizing element.
A light control device for display light The light control device comprises a first surface comprising an array of first prisms, each first prism arranged to provide a first turn of a portion of display light received thereon. The light control device further comprises a second surface comprising an array of second prisms, each second prism being arranged to receive a portion of the display light from a corresponding first prism thereby forming a plurality of optically coupled prism pairs. Each second prism is arranged to provide a second turn of the portion of the display light. The net turn provided by a first prism pair is different to the net turn provided by a second prism pair.
There is provided a component for a light control device. The component comprises a first serrated structure. The first serrated structure has an array of active faces and a respective array of passive faces. Each passive face comprises a first layer having at least one structural feature configured to suppress the specular reflection of ambient light incident thereon.
A head-up display for a vehicle comprises a spatial light modulator arranged to form a spatially modulated wavefront, and an optical sub-system arranged to direct the spatially modulated wavefront to an eye-box. The optical sub-system comprises an optical component having an external surface arranged to output the spatially modulated wavefront to the eye-box. At least part of the external surface of the optical component comprises a superhydrophobic surface structure, such as hierarchical micro-nanostructures.
There is provided a hologram engine for calculating a hologram of a target picture comprising a plurality of image points. The hologram engine is arranged to perform a first accumulation comprising, for a first subset of image points: determining, using a point cloud method, a value for every nth pixel of a display device for displaying the hologram; and determining a value for at least some of the other pixels by performing a first interpolation. n is greater than 1. Each image point of the first subset has an associated diffraction angle for use in the point cloud method, each diffraction angle being less than a maximum diffraction angle of the display device.
There is provided a hologram engine for calculating a hologram of a target picture for displaying on a display device of an optical system. The target picture comprises a plurality of image points. Each image point is defined by a light-ray path therefrom to an entrance pupil of a viewer. Each light-ray path makes an angle with the display device. The hologram engine is arranged to determine a first sub-hologram of a first subset of the image points of the target picture by, for each image point of the first subset: a) propagating a wave along a propagation path that makes an angle with the display device that is reduced relative to the angle made by the respective light-ray path; and b) determining a contribution of the wave at the display device for each image point of the first subset.
There is provided a display system. The display system comprises a head-up display unit arranged in cooperation with the optical combiner to define: a first optical path between the head-up display unit to a first viewing region of the display system; and a second optical path between the head-up display to a second viewing region of the display system. The display system further comprises an optical combiner arranged to direct first light on the first optical path and direct second light on the second optical path. The first optical path intersects a first portion of the optical combiner. The second optical path intersects a second portion of the optical combiner. An infra-red reflectivity of the second portion is greater than that of the first portion.
A method for an end-user to perform in-situ calibration of the imagery of a head-up display in a vehicle. A first step comprises obtaining information on the real-world scene within a field of view of the head-up display from a vehicle sensor system of the vehicle. A second step comprises using the information obtained from the vehicle sensor system to identify at least one feature in the field of view satisfying a suitability criterion for the head-up display calibration mode. A third step comprises projecting an image using the head-up display. The image comprises an image element corresponding to each feature. A fourth step comprises receiving at least one first user-input and changing the image in response to each first user-input.
B60K 35/90 - Calibration of instruments, e.g. setting initial or reference parametersTesting of instruments, e.g. detecting malfunction
B60K 35/10 - Input arrangements, i.e. from user to vehicle, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
B60K 35/233 - Head-up displays [HUD] controlling the size or position in display areas of virtual images depending on the condition of the vehicle or the driver
A light turning component comprises a first layer and a second layer, arranged over the first layer. The first layer comprises a first lens array, wherein each lenslet of the first lens array has an axis extending in a first dimension. The a second layer comprises a second lens array, wherein each lenslet of the second lens array has an axis extending in the first dimension. The axis of each lenslet of the first lens array is offset from the axis of each adjacent lenslet of the second lens array. Light propagating through the first and second layers is turned.
A display device comprises a spatial light modulator, a substrate, and an attachment material for mounting the spatial light modulator on the substrate. The attachment material comprises the properties: (i) coefficient of thermal expansion less than about 200 ppm/°C and (ii) thermal conductivity greater than about 1 W/m-°C.
G03H 1/22 - Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
G03H 1/02 - Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from themDetails peculiar thereto Details
C09J 9/00 - Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
G02B 7/00 - Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
G02F 1/00 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics
A holographic projection system includes a display arrangement. The display arrangement includes a display area arranged to display a first hologram of a first picture and to spatially modulate light incident thereon in accordance with the first hologram to form a holographic wavefront. The system further includes an optical system arranged to receive the holographic wavefront and form a relayed image of the first hologram. The system further includes a waveguide that includes an input port arranged to receive the holographic wavefront and a pair of surfaces arranged to waveguide the holographic wavefront therebetween. A plane of the display area is angled such that the relayed image of the first hologram is formed at a first plane, the first plane being parallel with a plane of the input port.
A holographic projection system is provided. The holographic projection system includes a first hologram and a second hologram. The holographic projection system is arranged to spatially modulate light in accordance with the first hologram to form a first holographic wavefront and to spatially modulate light in accordance with the second hologram to form a second holographic wavefront. The holographic projection system further includes a waveguide including an input port that includes a first input area arranged to receive the first holographic wavefront and a second input area arranged to receive the second holographic wavefront. The waveguide further includes a pair of surfaces arranged to waveguide the first and second holographic wavefront therebetween. The waveguide is arranged such the first holographic wavefront is combined with the second holographic wavefront after one or more internal reflections of the first holographic wavefront between the pair of surfaces.
G03H 1/00 - Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from themDetails peculiar thereto
G03H 1/22 - Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
H04N 9/31 - Projection devices for colour picture display
76.
DISTRIBUTED ZERO-ORDER COMPONENT IN A HOLOGRAPHIC PROJECTOR
A zero-order suppression device for a holographic wavefront. The device comprises a first microlens array, "MLA", a second microlens array and a spatial filter. Each first microlens of the first microlens array is coupled to a corresponding second microlens of the second microlens array to form an array of microlens pairs. The spatial filter is disposed between the first microlens array and second microlens array. The spatial filter comprises an array of light suppression elements. Each light suppression element is aligned with a corresponding microlens pair.
Disclosed embodiments include an electrically-controlled birefringence cell comprising: (i) a nematic liquid crystal in a planar configuration between a plurality of pixel electrodes and a common electrode; and (ii) an alignment layer configured to impart a pretilt on the nematic liquid crystal in contact with the alignment layer, where the pretilt has a pretilt angle in a range of about 5 to 25 degrees, where a surface anchoring value between the nematic liquid crystal and the alignment layer is less than about 1 mJ/m2, and where the electrically-controlled birefringence cell exhibits a low phase retardance variation when a voltage is applied through the alignment layer to the nematic liquid crystal.
G02F 1/139 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
A holographic projector is arranged to form a holographic reconstruction of a picture on a replay plane. The holographic projector comprises a spatial light modulator arranged to display a hologram of the picture and spatially modulate light in accordance with the hologram. The holographic projector further comprises a mask comprising a transmission area arranged in cooperation with a pixel area of the spatial light modulator and a non-transmission area arranged in cooperation with a non-pixel area of the spatial light modulator adjacent the pixel area. At least a portion of a boundary of the mask between the transmission area and non-transmission area is apodised to reduce a diffractive effect.
A holographic display comprising a display system and a waveguide. More generally, the waveguide may be a pupil expander or hologram replicator. The display system is arranged to form a first holographic wavefront and a second holographic wavefront. The waveguide is arranged to receive the first holographic wavefront and second holographic wavefront. The 5 waveguide is further arranged to waveguide the first holographic wavefront and second holographic wavefront between a pair of at least partially reflective surfaces thereof. The display system and waveguide are respectively arranged such that a first plurality of replicas of the first holographic wavefront are emitted from a first plurality of locations on a first surface of the pair of reflective surfaces of the waveguide and a second plurality of replicas of the second holographic 0 wavefront are emitted from a second plurality of locations on the first surface.
G03H 1/22 - Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
G03H 1/30 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique discrete holograms only
There is provided a head-up display comprising a glare trap; and an eye-box, wherein the head-up display comprises: a picture generating unit; an optical system comprising at least one mirror and a beam splitter, wherein the beam splitter is substantially reflective to infrared light and transmissive to visible light; an infrared image capture device disposed within a volume of the optical system; and a plurality of infrared light sources packaged with the glare trap, wherein the infrared light sources are arranged to illuminate the eye-box.
An illumination system for forming a light pattern comprises a first telescope and a second telescope. Each of the first and second telescopes comprises a respective first array of micro-lenses arranged to receive light from a light source. Each of the first and second telescopes comprises a respective second array of micro-lenses. Each micro-lens of the respective first array is optically coupled to a respective micro-lens of the second array to form an array of micro-lens pairs. Each micro-lens pair is arranged to concentrate a portion of the received light into a local beam having reduced diameter relative to the received light, such that each of the first and second telescopes forms a respective light pattern comprising an array of discrete light regions. The illumination system comprises an optical component arranged to spatially interlace the respective light patterns to produce a spatially interlaced light pattern.
G03H 1/02 - Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from themDetails peculiar thereto Details
G03H 1/22 - Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
G02B 27/09 - Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectioned area, not otherwise provided for
A head-up display arranged for housing in a support structure. The head-up display comprises an optical component having a reflective surface arranged, when housed in the support structure, in a configuration that is conducive to sunlight glare. The head-up display further comprises a light control layer arranged to receive light from the optical component. The light control layer comprises a plurality of louvres in an array arranged to absorb a first portion of sunlight glare incident thereon. At least one characteristic of at a least portion of each louvre is such that a second portion of the sunlight glare incident on the louvre array forms a first veiling glare arranged to compensate for a second veiling glare caused by the support structure.
There is provided a method of manufacturing a spatial light modulator package, the method comprising the steps of: forming an electrically addressable portion on a first major surface of a substrate, the electrically addressable portion comprising: an electrode layer comprising a plurality of electrodes formed on the first major surface of the substrate; a semiconductor structure; and a plurality of solder portions electrically connected or connectable to the electrode layer via the semiconductor structure The method further comprises forming an optically addressable portion by etching the substrate from a second major surface thereof to expose the plurality of electrodes, the second major surface opposing the first major surface. The method further comprises flip chip bonding the electrically addressable portion to a package substrate, the flip chip bonding comprising aligning each solder portion with an electrical contact portion of the package substrate.
G03H 1/02 - Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from themDetails peculiar thereto Details
H01L 21/60 - Attaching leads or other conductive members, to be used for carrying current to or from the device in operation
There is provided a holographic projection system comprising a hologram engine The hologram engine is arranged to divide a target picture into at least a first portion and a second portion. The hologram engine is further arranged to calculate a first sub-hologram of the first portion of the target picture and a second sub-hologram of the second portion of the target picture. The hologram engine is further arranged to spatially interlace the first and second sub-holograms to form a hologram. The system further comprises a wavefront redirector positioned at or substantially adjacent to the hologram or a relayed copy of the hologram. The wavefront redirector comprises a plurality of first redirection zones optically coupled to the first sub-hologram and a plurality of second redirection zones optically coupled to the second sub-hologram. Each of the first redirection zones is arranged to deflect received light at a first deflection angle with respect to a propagation axis of the system and each of the second redirection zones is arranged to deflect received light at a second deflection angle with respect to the propagation axis such that the wavefront redirector is arranged to increase a field of view of the system.
There is provided a hologram engine arranged to receive a plurality of sub-holograms or sub-holograms The hologram engine may be arranged to divide a target picture into a plurality of portions. The hologram engine may be further arranged to calculate a sub- hologram of each of the plurality of portions of the target picture. The hologram engine is further arranged to form a hologram by spatially interlacing the sub-holograms in a random or irregular fashion.
G02F 1/1347 - Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
G02F 1/19 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on variable-reflection or variable-refraction elements not provided for in groups
G02F 1/29 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulatingNon-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
There is provided a hologram engine for calculating a hologram of a picture for displaying on a display device. The picture comprises a plurality of image points. The hologram engine is arranged to, for each image point: define discrete first and second sub-areas on the display device and determine a sub-hologram for the image point in the first and second sub-areas. The first and second sub-areas are sub-areas of an area of the display device defined by the diffraction angle of the display device and the position of the image point.
A picture generating unit comprises a display device arranged to display a hologram of a picture; and spatially modulate light in accordance with the displayed hologram to form a holographic reconstruction of the picture on a replay plane. The holographic reconstruction comprises a picture area and a non-picture area. The picture generating unit comprises an active mask in or downstream of the replay plane, the mask comprising a propagation area arranged to allow propagation of light along a projection axis, and a non-propagation area arranged to prevent propagation of light parallel to the projection axis. The propagation area and the non-propagation area share a boundary adjustable to change one or more physical parameters of the propagation area. The picture generating unit further comprises a drive means arranged to adjust the boundary to change the one or more physical parameters of the propagation area.
G03H 1/00 - Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from themDetails peculiar thereto
There is disclosed herein a holographic display system having a viewing window. The display system comprises a hologram replicator and a hologram engine. The hologram replicator is arranged to waveguide a holographic wavefront between a pair of reflective surfaces. A first reflective surface is partially transmissive such that a plurality of replicas of the holographic wavefront are emitted therefrom. The hologram engine is arranged to output holograms. Each hologram is configured to distribute picture content of a corresponding picture by angle such that a spatial coordinate in the picture corresponds to an angle in a holographic wavefront formed from the hologram. The hologram engine is further arranged to determine a plurality of sub-holograms of the picture and nullify an area of each sub-hologram. Each sub-hologram corresponds to a different zone of the picture. A size of the nullified area is different for each sub-hologram.
There is provided a holographic projector. The holographic projector comprises a display device. The display device is arranged to form a holographic wavefront by spatially modulating light in accordance with a hologram of a picture displayed thereon. The holographic projector further comprises an optical relay comprising a first lens and a second lens. The first lens is arranged to form a holographic reconstruction of the picture by focusing the holographic wavefront substantially at a focal plane of the first lens. The holographic reconstruction of the picture comprises a plurality of pixels. The holographic projector further comprises a kinoform disposed between the first lens and the second lens. The kinoform is arranged to apply a phase-delay to each pixel of the holographic reconstruction. The kinoform is arranged to apply a first phase-delay to each pixel of a first line of pixels of the holographic reconstruction and to apply a second phase delay to each pixel of a second line of pixels of the holographic reconstruction. The first and second lines of pixels extend in a first direction. The holographic projector further comprises a movement assembly arranged to move the kinoform in a second direction such that a plurality of different phase-delays are applied to each pixel of the holographic reconstruction within the integration time of the human eye.
G03H 1/32 - Systems for obtaining speckle elimination
G03H 1/02 - Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from themDetails peculiar thereto Details
G03H 1/22 - Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
A method of fabricating a liquid crystal on silicon device such as a liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator. The method comprises a first set of steps. The first set of steps comprises forming a pixelated mirror layer on a silicon wafer; passivating the pixelated mirror layer by coating with dielectric; polishing the dielectric to expose pixel mirrors of the pixelated mirror layer; and applying a polymer layer to provide electrostatic protection. The first set of steps may be performed by a back-end wafer processing facility. The method comprises a second set of steps. The second set of steps comprises: removing the polymer layer to expose the pixel mirrors; and applying an alignment layer such as a polyimide alignment layer known in the art of liquid crystal devices. The second step of sets may be performed by an assembly house such as a silicon device assembly house.
A holographic system comprises a spatial light modulator and a pupil expander. The spatial light modulator is arranged to display a hologram of an image and to output spatially modulated light encoded with the hologram. In embodiments, the pupil expander comprises a plurality of optical fibres, each optical fibre having an input end and an output end. The pupil expander is arranged so that spatially modulated light output by the spatial light modulator is coupled into the input end of each optical fibre and output from the output end thereof to a viewing area. Each of the plurality of optical fibres is arranged to propagate the received spatially modulated light received at its input end so as to expand an exit pupil of the system in a first dimension, typically corresponding to a dimension of the viewing area.
B60K 35/235 - Head-up displays [HUD] with means for detecting the driver’s gaze direction or eye points
G02B 6/06 - Light guidesStructural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings formed by bundles of fibres the relative position of the fibres being the same at both ends, e.g. for transporting images
G03H 1/00 - Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from themDetails peculiar thereto
G03H 1/22 - Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
92.
LIGHT ENGINE, METHOD FOR PROCESSING A HOLOGRAM AND DIFFRACTIVE STRUCTURE
There is provided a light engine comprising a display device. The display device comprises an array of pixel. Each pixel is for applying a phase delay to light incident thereon. The light engine is configured to receive a hologram of a picture. The hologram comprises an array of pixel values. The hologram comprises a first area comprising diffractive content and a second area comprising non-diffractive content. The first area is adjacent to the second area. The light engine is further arranged to apply a hologram blurring function to the hologram in a boundary area of the first and second areas to output a modified hologram. The hologram blurring function is arranged to change a gradient of the pixel values in the boundary area.
A method of calculating a map in real-time includes receiving a calibrated map including a plurality of mappings. Each mapping is for transforming a respective two-dimensional coordinate of an array of two-dimensional coordinates to compensate for distortion at a predetermined temperature. The method includes receiving an array of vectors including a vector for each two-dimensional coordinate. The method includes receiving a current temperature of the holographic projector. The method includes determining a scaling factor based on the difference between the current temperature and the predetermined temperature. The method includes calculating a modified map based on the current temperature by, for each coordinate of the array of two-dimensional coordinates: multiplying the vector that relates to the respective coordinate of the array of two-dimensional coordinates by the scaling factor to output a scaled vector; applying the scaled vector to the respective mapping of the calibrated map; and outputting the modified map.
G03H 1/00 - Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from themDetails peculiar thereto
G03H 1/22 - Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
G09G 3/00 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
A holographic projector configured to provide a holographic picture at an output plane. The holographic projector comprises a spatial light modulator configured to display a hologram such that any light incident on the displayed hologram is spatially modulated according to the displayed hologram. The holographic projector further comprises an optical relay arranged to receive the spatially modulated light, the optical relay comprising a pair of lenses arranged in cooperation to form the holographic picture at the output plane. The holographic projector further comprises a spatial light filter comprising a portion arranged to receive the spatially modulated light. The portion blocks at least a part of the spatially modulated light and the amount of light blocked by the portion decreases as a continuous function of distance relative to a centre of the portion.
G03H 1/02 - Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared, or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from themDetails peculiar thereto Details
A head-up display having an eye-box is provided. The head-up display further comprises a waveguide configured to receive the wavefront. The waveguide comprises a pair of opposing surfaces arranged to waveguide the wavefront therebetween and one surface of the pair of opposing surfaces is partially transmissive such that a plurality of replicas of the wavefront are emitted therefrom to form an extended wavefront. The head-up display further comprises a turning device configured to receive and turn the extended wavefront. The turning device has non-zero optical power. The turning film may comprise a structure, such as a Fresnel-type structure, corresponding to at least one half-lens.
There is provided an optical system having a viewing window. The optical system comprises a display device arranged to spatially modulate light in accordance with a first hologram of a first picture displayed thereon to form a holographic wavefront, the optical system being arranged such that a first holographic reconstruction of the first picture is formed substantially on a replay plane. The optical system further comprises an active mask at the replay plane and comprising an array of optical elements. Each optical element is arranged a) to receive a portion of the holographic wavefront from the display device; and b) to be operable between a first optical state and a second optical state. In the first optical state, each optical element is arranged to relay the respective portion of the holographic wavefront to be receivable at the viewing window. In the second optical state, each optical element is arranged such that the respective portion of the holographic wavefront is not receivable at the viewing window. The holographic reconstruction comprises first picture content in a first content area and a first artifact of the first picture content formed outside of the first content area in the holographic reconstruction, the first artifact not being present in the first picture. The optical system further comprises a driver arranged to drive the active mask such that optical elements in correspondence with the first content area of the holographic reconstruction are driven in the first optical state and at least some optical elements in correspondence with the first artifact are driven in the second optical state.
There is provided a driver for a spatial light modulator comprising a plurality of pixels. The driver is configured to receive a hologram of a picture and drive the spatial light modulator to display the hologram on a group of pixels of the plurality of pixels. The driver is further configured to apply a series of phase offsets to the spatial light modulator displaying the hologram, wherein each phase offset of the series of phase offsets is applied to each pixel of the group of pixels for a respective predetermined period of time.
A driver for a display device includes a plurality of pixels. The driver is arranged to drive the display device to display a hologram of a picture on the plurality of pixels such that, when the display device is suitably illuminated, a holographic reconstruction of the picture is formed. The holographic reconstruction includes a plurality of image points. The hologram is arranged such that each image point of the holographic reconstruction is formed using a contiguous group of pixels of the display device. Each contiguous group of pixels has a first shape including a first side and a second side. The first and second sides are arranged such that, if the first shape is replicated, a respective first side of a first replica of the first shape is suitable for cooperating with a respective second side of a second replica of the first shape.
A driver for a display device includes a plurality of pixels. The driver is arranged to drive the display device to display a hologram of a picture on the plurality of pixels such that, when the display device is suitably illuminated, a holographic reconstruction of the picture is formed downstream of the display device. The holographic reconstruction includes a plurality of image points. The hologram is arranged such that each image point of the holographic reconstruction is formed using a contiguous group of pixels of the display device. Each contiguous group of pixels includes less than 5% of a total number of pixels of the display device.
There is provided a head-up display for a vehicle. The head-up display comprises a substantially planar waveguide having a reflective surface arranged, during head-up display operation, in a configuration that is conducive to sunlight glare. The head-up display further comprises a reflection suppression device. The reflection suppression device comprises a first layer comprising a first serrated surface arranged to receive a holographic wavefront from the waveguide and provide a first turn of the holographic wavefront having at least a component on a first plane containing a surface normal of the waveguide, wherein the first layer is formed of transparent material. The reflection suppression device further comprises an intermediate layer arranged to receive the holographic wavefront from the first layer, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a plurality of louvres in an array, each louvre comprising a light absorbing material. The reflection suppression device further comprises a second layer arranged to receive the holographic wavefront from the intermediate layer. The second layer comprises a second serrated surface arranged to provide a second turn of the holographic wavefront having at least a component on the first plane. The component of the second turn on the first plane is equal and opposite to the component of the first turn on the first plane.
