There is provided an apparatus for a distributed unit comprising means for determining a state vector for a given time slot for a given cell, means for determining a predicted number of spatial layers for a plurality of user equipments for the given time slot based on the determined state vector, means for determining a set of the plurality of user equipments based on the predicted number of spatial layers and the determined state vector, means for co-scheduling the determined set of the plurality of user equipments, means for receiving data from the plurality of co-scheduled user equipments and means for determining a reward metric based on the number of correctly received bits from the plurality of co-scheduled user equipments and a set of hyper-parameters.
H04W 72/1263 - Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows
H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
An apparatus may be configured to: receive an indication to activate at least one secondary cell; determine whether one or more conditions for activation of the at least one secondary cell are met; and in response to a determination that at least one of the one or more conditions is not met, transmit an activation status indication with respect to the at least one secondary cell. An apparatus may be configured to: transmit, to a user equipment, an indication to activate at least one secondary cell; and receive, from the user equipment, an activation status indication with respect to the at least one secondary cell.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a UE apparatus, method, and computer program for measurement configuration based on in-gap interference. The UE apparatus determines, a first configuration for measuring a level of in-gap interference between a first CC and a second CC. The UE apparatus determines, based on the in-gap interference level, a second configuration for measuring at least one or more of a first CC, a second CC, and the in-gap interference. The UE apparatus measures, at least one of the first CC, the in-gap interference, or the second CC using at least one RF resource based on the determined first configuration and the determined second configuration.
A method comprising measuring, with a user equipment, a received power of a reference signal; determining, with the user equipment, based on the measurement of the received power, that a physical random access channel is to be transmitted with multiple transmissions; determining, with the user equipment, a transmission power of the physical random access channel; determining, with the user equipment, a power threshold; and at least one of: determining that the determined transmission power is less than the power threshold, and sending the physical random access channel with the user equipment without multiple transmissions of the physical random access channel, or determining that the determined transmission power is greater than the power threshold, and sending the physical random access channel with the user equipment with multiple transmissions of the physical random access channel.
H04W 52/36 - Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
A dual-wavelength light source includes a laser cavity and a tunable intra-cavity optical filter. The intra-cavity optical filter is implementable as an integrated photonic circuit and includes two serially coupled dual-ring resonators of different ring lengths. Each dual-ring resonator has a comb-like transmission spectrum including a sequence of tunable dual-peak transmission subbands. In operation, different dual-peak transmission subbands of the respective dual-ring resonators may be aligned using optical phase shifters to provide a tunable dual-peak passband of the inter-cavity optical filter. The peak-to-peak separation of the passband may be tuned by tuning optical coupling between the rings of the respective dual-ring resonator.
There is provided an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: detecting that a network node is configured to operate with a first channel bandwidth associated with a first set of requirements, wherein the first channel bandwidth is at least one of: other than 5 MHz multiplied by a non-zero positive integer; or narrower than a nominal carrier bandwidth; detecting signalling by the network node, wherein the signalling comprises an indication that apparatuses meeting the first set of requirements on at least one condition are allowed to operate in or access a network comprising the network node; and transmitting, to the network node, at least one signal indicating that the apparatus does not meet the first set of requirements without at least one condition.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a terminal device, a network device, methods, apparatuses and a computer readable storage medium for uplink sounding reference signal transmission. A terminal device may receive information indicating that multiple antenna port sets are time division multiplexed with each other across multiple OFDM symbols of an SRS resource in a slot. The terminal device may map the multiple antenna port sets into the multiple OFDM symbols of the SRS resource in the slot in a time division multiplexed manner. The terminal device may further transmit an SRS on the SRS resource in the slot. Thus, a transmission procedure for UL SRS with the information indicating that multiple antenna port sets are time division multiplexed with each other across multiple OFDM symbols of an SRS resource in a slot may be defined and the terminal device may transmit the UL SRS accordingly. Therefore, the resources of the multiple antenna port sets may be used in a more efficient manner.
Various example embodiments relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable media for processing uplink transmission failure. An example terminal device may be configured to receive from a network device, an uplink grant for scheduling transmission of a plurality of uplink repetitions, determine whether at least part of the scheduled uplink repetitions fulfill a timing constraint for timing advance adjustment and uplink processing delay, and transmit the at least part of the scheduled uplink repetitions in a case where the at least part of the scheduled uplink repetitions fulfills the timing constraint.
Security management techniques are disclosed for conditional configuration activation for at least one secondary node in a multiple radio-dual connectivity communication network environment. For example, a method comprises receiving, at the user equipment, a request from a first access node in a communication network environment to which the user equipment is connected, wherein the received request comprises a conditional configuration associated with a group of two or more secondary access nodes to which the user equipment can connect. The method comprises storing, at the user equipment, the conditional configuration including a security parameter associated with the group of two or more secondary access nodes. The method comprises sending, from the user equipment, a reply to the first access node to indicate the conditional configuration is complete. The method comprises establishing, at the user equipment, a secure connection with a selected one of the two or more secondary access nodes using the security parameter.
Techniques are provided for prompt management in a communication network environment. For example, a method includes obtaining a prompt and translating the obtained prompt to a translated prompt. The method then generates tracking data, the tracking data being indicative of the translation performed. The method then associates the tracking data with the translated prompt. An entity that performs the method is associated with a communication network and the obtained prompt and the translated prompt are generative artificial intelligence prompts.
Techniques are provided for prompt management in a communication network environment. For example, a method includes obtaining a prompt and translating the obtained prompt to a translated prompt. The method then generates tracking data, the tracking data being indicative of the translation performed. The method then associates the tracking data with the translated prompt. An entity that performs the method is associated with a communication network and the obtained prompt and the translated prompt are generative artificial intelligence prompts.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for coordination and management of sensing service request. In a method, an apparatus receives, from a first network entity, a request associated with a sensing operation. The apparatus determines whether to update the sensing operation based on the request associated with the sensing operation. The apparatus transmits, to the first network entity, a response to the request associated with the sensing operation.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a solution for serving cell measurement configuration. In the solution, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a configuration of at least one measurement object for a plurality of on-demand synchronization signals for a cell. In accordance with a determination that an on-demand synchronization signal is activated for the cell, the first apparatus determines a measurement object for the activated synchronization signal from the received configuration for the cell. The first apparatus determines a measurement result for the cell by measuring one or more synchronization signals at least based on the determined measurement object. The first apparatus transmits the measurement result to the second apparatus.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to solutions for random access response (RAR) enhancement. In a solution, a first apparatus receives a first random access request message with a first random access preamble identity (RAPID) associated with a first synchronization signal block (SSB) from a second apparatus and a second random access request message with a second RAPID associated with a second SSB different from the first SSB from a third apparatus different from the second apparatus. The first apparatus determines a first slot for first downlink control information (DCI) associated with a first RAR message to the first random access request, and a second slot different from the first slot for second DCI associated with a second RAR message to the second random access request. The first apparatus transmits the first DCI in the first slot and the second DCI in the second slot.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to uplink resource utilization. A method comprises receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, configuration information indicative of a resource set for data transmission to the network device, wherein the resource set is configured to a group of terminal devices comprising the terminal device; receiving, from the network device, an indication of a group of reference signal ports for the terminal device to use with the resource set; transmitting data to the network device based on the resource set and the group of reference signal ports; and receiving, from the network device, contention resolution information indicative of whether the data is received by the network device.
A method performed by a user equipment (UE) is provided. The method includes performing a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) handover of the UE from a source cell to a target cell. The method includes receiving, from the target cell, security context data associated with the UE. The method includes receiving, from the target cell, an LTM cell switch command that includes an indication for an intra-cell LTM handover. And the method includes, in response to the LTM cell switch command, performing the intra-cell LTM handover, including applying the security context data to a security context of the UE.
A method performed by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving, from a source cell, an intra-cell lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration including a configured uplink grant for a target cell. The method includes performing an LTM handover to the target cell, and receiving, from the target cell, security context data associated with the UE. The method includes receiving, from the target cell, an LTM cell switch command that includes an indication for an intra-cell LTM handover. In response to the LTM cell switch command, the intra-cell LTM handover is performed using the intra-cell LTM configuration for the target cell, which includes applying the security context data to a security context of the UE, and sending a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration complete message to the target cell using the configured uplink grant from the intra-cell LTM configuration for the target cell.
There is disclosed an apparatus configured to receive a transport protocol payload comprising at least one metadata parameter and a parameter type of the at least one metadata parameter; determine, from the parameter type of the at least one metadata parameter, that the at least one metadata parameter belongs to a group of metadata parameters, wherein the group of metadata parameters is related to an encoded immersive audio frame; and collate the at least one metadata parameter with other metadata parameters of the group of metadata parameters.
G10L 19/008 - Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to interworking of BFR (BFR) and cell handover. A method includes based on an on-going BFR procedure for a first cell, transmitting, to a network entity of a second cell, a request message for an uplink resource of the second cell; receiving a response message from the network entity of the second cell, the response message at least comprising an indication of the uplink resource of the second cell; and based on a determination of whether the BFR procedure is successfully completed or failed, performing a beam switch in the first cell or performing a cell handover from the first cell to the second cell based at least on the uplink resource of the second cell.
H04W 74/0833 - Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
DUCU-UPCU-UP) for a user plane of a central unit of the RAN node, where the second key is generated based on the key derivation function and at least some of the key derivation parameters.
There is provided a method performed by a user equipment, the method comprising: receiving, from a network, an indication of at least one criterion for determining a type of the user equipment; determining the type of the user equipment based on the at least one criterion; and transmitting an indication of the determined type of the user equipment to the network.
Techniques are provided for prompt management in a communication network environment. For example, a method includes obtaining a prompt and translating the obtained prompt to a translated prompt. The method then generates tracking data, the tracking data being indicative of the translation performed. The method then associates the tracking data with the translated prompt. An entity that performs the method is associated with a communication network and the obtained prompt and the translated prompt are generative artificial intelligence prompts.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to COT interruption avoidance. An apparatus determines that a first sidelink transport block (TB) among a plurality of sidelink TBs is not to be retransmitted. A set of consecutive slots in a channel occupancy time (COT) initiated by the apparatus are reserved for initial sidelink transmissions and retransmissions of the plurality of sidelink TBs. Moreover, the apparatus transmits a second sidelink TB in a slot among the set of consecutive slots reserved for retransmitting the first sidelink TB. As a result, it is possible to avoid additional system overhead due to COT loss, and improve transmission efficiency.
An apparatus includes: at least one processor, and at least one memory having stored thereon instructions. The instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least: configuring to monitor for a low-power wake up signal (LP-WUS) and for paging on a first carrier and to respond to paging, received on the first carrier, on at least one second carrier; determining at least one threshold, where the at least one threshold is derived based on at least one condition, relating to channel quality of at least one of the first carrier or the at least one second carrier, for monitoring for the LP-WUS on the first carrier; and in response to receiving a LP-WUS or a paging on the first carrier, evaluating whether at least one channel measurement, of the at least one second carrier, satisfies the at least one determined threshold.
The embodiments concern a method for encoding and a method for decoding, and the apparatuses for implementing the methods. The method for encoding comprises receiving one or more frames of a volumetric video, the volumetric video comprising a plurality of components, including at least a base mesh component, a displacement component, one or more attribute component, and one or more metadata components; generating one or more segments of each of the plurality of components in one or more quality versions; generating description of each of the plurality of components with information on how a component was encoded and segmented; storing the one or more quality versions of the generated segments on a computer/server; storing the generated description as a description file containing information of each of the plurality of components on a computer/server; sending the description file upon request to a receiver, and sending one or more quality versions of the generated segments upon request of the receiver.
H04N 19/597 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding
H04N 19/154 - Measured or subjectively estimated visual quality after decoding, e.g. measurement of distortion
According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus that may be configured to obtain training data; obtain a plurality of compression rates; and train compression blocks of an encoder of an autoencoder and reconstruction blocks of a decoder of the autoencoder progressively to provide a progressive growing autoencoder based on the training data by training the first block of the encoder and the last block of the decoder to provide a first compression rate of the plurality of compression rates and then subsequently progressively training the remaining compression blocks of the encoder and the remaining reconstruction blocks of the decoder to provide respective remaining compression rates of the plurality of compression rates.
There is provided a method, apparatus, and computer program for causing a user equipment to perform: transmitting, to an access network node using a broad beam transmission during a random access procedure, a preamble indicating whether the user equipment is requesting to perform beam refinement for transmission beams during the random access procedure.
H04W 74/0833 - Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
An apparatus may transmit (301), to a network device, capability information on radio frequency bandwidth capability of the apparatus, occupied bandwidth capability of the apparatus, and instantaneous bandwidth capability of the apparatus. The apparatus may receive (302), from the network device, a measurement configuration requesting the apparatus to perform measurements on incumbent signal characteristics. The apparatus may switch (303) to the measurement configuration and perform measurements on the incumbent signal characteristics in accordance with the measurement configuration.
Aspects and embodiments relate to apparatus and methods for uplink timing advance loop management. One aspect provides user equipment comprising: means for indicating, to another node, that a plurality of timing advance loops are supported;
means for receiving, from the another node, a configuration for measuring received reference signals from the another node; means for performing measurements on the received reference signals according to the configuration; means for evaluating, based on the measurements, an indication of a predicted signal quality metric in relation to at least one of: the another node or a further node based upon conditional use of at least one timing advance loop; and means for transmitting information relating to the evaluated indication of a predicted signal quality metric in relation to the at least one of the another node or the further node.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) model identifiers (IDs) usage. A terminal device sends, to a core network device, a request for AI/ML model registration or identification, wherein the request comprises at least one AI/ML model capability of the terminal device. The terminal device receives, from the core network device, a response for the AI/ML model registration or identification, wherein the response comprises an approved or identified list of AI/ML model IDs and at least one AI/ML model delivery preference. The solution for AI/ML model identifiers IDs usage as provided in the present disclosure can provide signaling procedures required to be defined between the terminal device and the network to determine the validity of a given AI/ML model, and allow the network to further query the terminal device of the capabilities pertaining to the AI/ML model(s).
H04L 41/0823 - Configuration setting characterised by the purposes of a change of settings, e.g. optimising configuration for enhancing reliability
H04L 41/16 - Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus configured to be configured with dual connectivity wherein a first radio link is maintained from the apparatus to a master node, and simultaneously a second radio link is maintained from the apparatus to a cell of a secondary node, participate in a reconfiguration of the configured dual connectivity wherein the cell of the secondary node is replaced in the configured dual connectivity with a new cell, generate a cell change report which comprises reconfiguration information, and indicate to the master node, responsive to successfully connecting with the new cell, that the cell change report is available in the apparatus.
There is provided a method, computer program, and apparatus for a user equipment, that causes the user equipment to perform: signalling a measurement report to a first network access node via a first cell, the measurement report comprising an indication of a signal quality associated with a second cell provided by a second access network node; receiving an instruction to connect to the second cell, the second cell being provided by a second network access node, wherein the instruction indicates whether the user equipment is to connect to the second cell with or without obtaining a new timing advance value; and connecting to the second cell in accordance with the received instruction.
The present disclosure provides a processing method, a processing device and a storage medium. The processing method includes: determining or obtaining, by a coding end, a coded code stream corresponding to a video frame to be coded, according to at least one frame transformation mode and/or a combined transformation mode obtained by combining a plurality of frame transformation modes. A decoded end determines or obtains a decoded video frame, according to at least one frame transformation mode and/or a combined transformation mode obtained by combining a plurality of frame transformation modes and/or at least one code stream. The technical solution according to the present disclosure can improve the performance of coding and decoding a video.
H04N 19/85 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression
H04N 19/117 - Filters, e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing
H04N 19/147 - Data rate or code amount at the encoder output according to rate distortion criteria
H04N 19/172 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a picture, frame or field
H04N 19/59 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial sub-sampling or interpolation, e.g. alteration of picture size or resolution
34.
A METHOD, AN APPARATUS AND A COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR VIDEO ENCODING AND DECODING
A method comprises processing (1410) a video frame; searching (1420) for a set of candidate blocks for prediction of a current block of the video frame; deriving (1430) bi-weighting parameters; determining (1440) a set of templates for the candidate blocks; determining (1450) a set of predictions for the current block based on prediction being applied on said set of templates and the derived bi-weighting parameters; determining (1460) a best prediction from the set of predictions by minimizing an error between a template to which prediction was applied and a template of the current block; using (1470) bi-weighted merge of the blocks corresponding to the templates providing the best prediction to predict the current block; and signaling (1480) the use of a bi-weighted prediction. The present embodiments also relate to technical equipment for implementing the method.
H04N 19/593 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial prediction techniques
H04N 19/105 - Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
H04N 19/176 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus, method, and computer program for antenna beam alignment of a rotatable antenna. The apparatus measures radio frequency (RF) signal strength of one or more sectors with a RF power detector, such as a sensor or measurement antenna. The apparatus determines at least one first sector of the one or more sectors based on the measured RF signal strength of the one or more sectors. Directivity of the RF power detector is lower than directivity of the rotatable antenna.
H01Q 3/02 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
H01Q 3/38 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elementsArrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the phase by electrical means with variable phase-shifters the phase-shifters being digital
36.
TRANSMISSION OF MULTIPLE TRANSPORT BLOCKS SCHEDULED BY ONE DOWNLINK CONTROL INFORMATION
Various example embodiments relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable media for transmission of multiple transport blocks scheduled by one downlink control information. An example device may be configured to determine a plurality of transport blocks scheduled on respective hybrid automatic repeat request processes in accordance with one downlink control information, and transmit the plurality of transport blocks via the respective hybrid automatic repeat request processes in an order determined according to types of the hybrid automatic repeat request processes.
Methods, apparatuses, and systems provide for uplink per layer imbalance reporting. In the context of a method, the method includes: receiving a first message indicating a request for the apparatus to perform and report at least two sets of carrier phase measurements on downlink reference signals, wherein the first message comprises information indicative of a set of criteria associated with the at least two sets of carrier phase measurements, and wherein the set of criteria comprises at least one threshold for a difference between center frequencies of the at least two sets of carrier phase measurements; performing the at least two sets of carrier phase measurements in response to the first message; and performing one or more operations in response to performing the at least two sets of carrier phase measurements.
G01S 5/02 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinationsPosition-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
G01S 11/02 - Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves
38.
CONNCAST: SECURE CONNECTIVITY EXPERIENCE SHARING VIA LOCALIZED P2P NETWORKS
A method includes receiving (203), at a first processing device included in a decentralized wireless network, experience data provided by a second processing device included in the decentralized wireless network. The experience data includes information indicating network performance experienced by the second processing device, and an application-logic-contract identifier identifying an application logic contract, the application logic contract including, a first decentralized identifier (DID) of a wireless network provider, a second DID of a client processing device, information associating the client processing device with the wireless network provider, and a network performance obligation. The application logic contract is accessed (205) based on the application-logic-contract identifier, and the experience data is authenticated (209) based on the application logic contract.
Techniques are provided for prompt management in a communication network environment. For example, a method includes obtaining a prompt and translating the obtained prompt to a translated prompt. The method then generates tracking data, the tracking data being indicative of the translation performed. The method then associates the tracking data with the translated prompt. An entity that performs the method is associated with a communication network and the obtained prompt and the translated prompt are generative artificial intelligence prompts.
An apparatus, a method and a medium of selection of an operating mode of an antenna panel are provided. In the method, an apparatus determines, for communication with one or more user devices, an operating mode of an antenna panel from a plurality of operating modes of the antenna panel, each of the plurality of operating modes corresponding to a different number of one or more beams, where the antenna panel comprises a set of antenna elements. The apparatus determines a set of beam weights based on the determined operating mode and one or more beams to be used for communication with the one or more user devices. Then, the apparatus forms the one or more beams by applying the set of beam weights to the set of antenna elements.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
H04B 7/08 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to resource management for federated learning. In an aspect, a server device transmits a request to a plurality of client devices associated with model training using at least one of federated learning (FL) training or FL inference, the request is for requesting a first set of resource related metrics associated with the model training from each client device among the plurality of client devices. Then, the server device receives, from the plurality of client devices, multiple first sets of resource related metrics of the plurality of client devices. The server device causes training adaptation to be performed on the model training using at least one of the FL training or the FL inference based on the multiple first sets of resource related metrics and energy levels of the plurality of client devices.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to interworking of BFR (BFR) and cell handover. A method includes initiating a BFR procedure for a first cell; during the on-going BFR procedure, performing an early resource acquisition procedure with a network entity of a second cell, to obtain at least an indication of an uplink resource of the second cell; and based on a determination that the BFR procedure is successfully completed, transmitting an indication of successful completion of the BFR procedure towards the network entity of the second cell.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
H04W 74/0833 - Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to uplink resource utilization. A method comprises receiving, at a terminal device and from a network device, configuration information indicative of a resource set for data transmission to the network device, wherein the resource set is configured to a group of terminal devices comprising the terminal device; receiving, from the network device, an indication of a group of reference signal ports for the terminal device to use with the resource set; and in accordance with a determination that a condition is met, transmitting data to the network device based on the resource set and the group of reference signal ports.
Techniques are provided for prompt management in a communication network environment. For example, a method includes obtaining a prompt and translating the obtained prompt to a translated prompt. The method then generates tracking data, the tracking data being indicative of the translation performed. The method then associates the tracking data with the translated prompt. An entity that performs the method is associated with a communication network and the obtained prompt and the translated prompt are generative artificial intelligence prompts.
A method is provided that includes receiving a configuration of at least one semi-persistent (SP) channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource set including SP CSI-RS resources for multiple candidate cells. The method includes receiving a control message, a L1/L2 control message, that identifies the at least one SP CSI-RS resource set, and indicates whether at least one of the SP CSI-RS resources of the at least one SP CSI-RS resource set is activated or deactivated for at least one of the multiple candidate cells. And the method includes performing at least one measurement on at least one of the SP CSI-RS resources of the at least one SP CSI-RS resource set indicated in the control message as activated, or stopping measurement on the at least one of the SP CSI-RS resources indicated as deactivated in the control message.
A method includes receiving, by a user device from a network node, information indicative of a first timing advance group (TAG), based on which a transmission timing (TT) for an uplink transmission to at least one transmission reception point (TRP) of a second TAG is to be determined; selecting, based on the information, at least one downlink reference signal associated with the first TAG to determine the TT for the uplink transmission to the at least one TRP of the second TAG; and performing the uplink transmission based on the TT.
A method includes obtaining by a user device one or more rules for selecting a first timing advance group (TAG) based on which a transmission timing (TT) for an uplink transmission to at least one transmission reception point (TRP) of a second TAG is to be determined; selecting, based on the one or more rules, at least one downlink reference signal associated with the first TAG to determine the TT for the uplink transmission to the at least one TRP of the second TAG; and performing the uplink transmission based on the TT.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to interworking of beam failure recovery (BFR) and cell handover. A method includes during an on-going BFR procedure for a first cell, transmitting, to a network entity of a second cell, a request message for an uplink resource of the second cell, the request message comprising a first indication indicating early resource acquisition during the on-going BFR procedure; receiving, from the network entity of the second cell, a response message at least comprising and an indication of the uplink resource of the second cell; and based on a determination of whether the BFR procedure is successfully completed or failed, performing a beam switch in the first cell or performing a cell handover from the first cell to the second cell based at least on the uplink resource of the second cell.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to data collection over the air for machine learning (ML) model training A method includes receiving, from a second apparatus, a transmission allocation via downlink control information, DCI; determining, based on the DCI, a first modulation and coding scheme, MCS, designated for data transmission for data collection for ML model training; and performing, using the first MCS, the data transmission to the second apparatus.
There is a first node handling CP operations in an ORAN, a second node handling near-real-time control operations in the ORAN, a third node providing WLAN termination for AP(s), and a fourth node providing SMO in the ORAN. The first and second node can be configured (e.g., by the fourth node) in multiple multiple-access modes for multi-access operation, which changes from which node or both nodes control operations are provided in the ORAN. Control interfaces may be changed too. The third node may register with the second node and may report AP(s) discovered and accessible by the third node. The first, second, and third nodes can participate in AP handovers between original and other third nodes.
In certain embodiments involving a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) time transmitter connected to a PTP time receiver over a link aggregation group (LAG), the receiver uses a table of delay values to compensate for differences in average transmission delay over the different LAG links when synchronizing its local clock with the transmitter's reference clock. When a LAG link is added or changed, the transmitter and receiver perform a link-delay-calibration operation to calculate the delay to be used for subsequent synchronization operations.
In certain embodiments involving a Precision Time Protocol (PTP) time transmitter connected to a PTP time receiver over a link aggregation group (LAG), the receiver suspends normal LAG processing during PTP clock-sync operations to ensure that a PTP Delay-Request message is transmitted to the transmitter over the same LAG link used by the transmitter to transmit the corresponding PTP Sync message to the receiver in order to avoid errors resulting from different LAG links having different average transmission delays.
An apparatus and a method for multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) precoding, wherein the method comprises providing a first input matrix (210) representing a first channel matrix for a first user equipment (UE), wherein the first input matrix (210) comprises patches (212), wherein the patches (212) of the first input matrix (210) comprise elements, determining for the patches (212) of the first input matrix (210) respectively a first common encoding (214) of the elements of the respective patch (212) of the first input matrix (210), mapping at least the first common encodings (214) to a first output matrix (218).
There is provided an apparatus (202, 302) comprising: means for receiving a request to create or update a network slice, wherein the request comprises a selection list; means for determining an isolation group using the selection list; and means for providing a network slice instance for the network slice request, wherein the determined isolation group is associated with the network slice instance.
Method and apparatuses for positioning estimation are disclosed. A first codeword generated based on channel information available for a communication device and comprising information of latent variable representing compressed channel information is transformed into a second codeword based on a defined distribution of the information in the first codeword. The second codeword is then used for positioning estimation by a positioning estimation entity.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage medium for change of logical channel prioritization (LCP) criteria. In a method, an apparatus receives a configuration associated with changing of at least one criterion of a LCP configuration. The apparatus then receives an indication whether the at least one criterion of the LCP configuration is to be enabled, disabled, or adjusted. Based on the indication, the apparatus performs communications.
H04W 72/0453 - Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
H04W 72/21 - Control channels or signalling for resource management in the uplink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards the network
H04W 72/231 - Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal the control data signalling from the layers above the physical layer, e.g. RRC or MAC-CE signalling
H04W 72/563 - Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on priority criteria of the wireless resources
H04W 76/20 - Manipulation of established connections
According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processing core and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus, at least to determine that a small data transmission, SDT, procedure is ongoing with a user equipment which is in a radio resource control inactive state, and send assistance information to a control plane entity of a centralized unit of a base station.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to CG operation. In one aspect, a first device receives, from a second device, a first CG configuration and a second CG configuration. The first CG configuration is associated with the second CG configuration. If the first device determines that a set of occasions associated with the first CG configuration is to be deactivated for a period of time, the first device activates the second CG configuration. In this way, fast re-activation of a CG configuration may be achieved, and communication latency may be reduced.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a random access procedure. A terminal device obtains, a parameter for determining a minimum time between reception of Message 2 (Msg2) and transmission of Message 3 (Msg3) in a random access procedure between the terminal device and a network device. Then, the terminal device determines the minimum time based on the parameter. Moreover, the terminal device performs the random access procedure based on the minimum time. As a result, it is possible to control access latency and improve system access performance.
Systems, methods, and software of performing a UE parameters update (UPU) of user equipment. In an embodiment, an AUSF receives a UPU protection request message from a UDM regarding the UE parameters update, where the UPU protection request message includes UPU information containing UPU data and a UPU header. The AUSF determines whether the user equipment supports UPU header protection in derivation of message authentication codes based on a UPU header protection indicator in the UPU protection request message. The AUSF derives a message authentication code based on the UPU header when the user equipment supports UPU header protection, and sends a UPU protection response message to the UDM that includes the message authentication code.
To minimize collisions for sounding reference signals transmitted using a frequency hopping different comb offset randomization schemes are disclosed. An apparatus may receive sounding reference signal configuration information on at least one comb offset randomization scheme, which indicates at least division of a sounding reference signal bandwidth to a plurality of sub-bands and associated comb offsets. The apparatus may apply a comb offset randomization scheme for sounding reference signal transmissions when an indication that indicates to apply the comb offset randomization scheme is received.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to protect Radio Resource Control (RRC) communications. A method comprises transmitting, to a second apparatus, a request to activate Access Stratum, AS, security during Radio Resource Control, RRC, connection initialization, the request comprising key exchange information; receiving, from the second apparatus, a response to the request comprising an indication of confirmed key exchange information; and generating, based on the confirmed key exchange information, a key for the AS security.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to measurement reporting. In an aspect, a terminal device receives, from a network device, a configuration of measurement and reporting for a group of CCs. The terminal device measures a first CC in the group of CCs. The terminal device transmits, to the network device, a measurement report for the group of CCs based on the measurement of the first CC.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) blind decoding. A terminal apparatus determines, from a set of PDCCH candidates associated with at least one downlink control information (DCI) for the terminal apparatus, at least one prioritized PDCCH candidate based on at least one previous blind decoding attempt for the at least one DCI. The terminal apparatus further performs at least one blind decoding attempt on the set of PDCCH candidates starting from the at least one prioritized PDCCH candidate.
A method in a user equipment (UE) includes: receiving, from a network, information indicating a plurality of geographic sections within a cell; determining a geographic section of the plurality of geographic sections within the cell in which the UE is located; transmitting, to the network, a message including an indication of the geographic section within the cell in which the UE is located and a request for system information for the geographic section; and receiving, from the network, system information for at least the geographic section within the cell in which the UE is located.
A method in a user equipment (UE) includes: transmitting, to a network, a message including a request for mobility information relevant to the UE, where the UE is located in a geographic section of a plurality of geographic sections within a cell; and receiving, from the network, mobility information that is, as determined by the network, relevant to the geographic section within the cell in which the UE is located.
A method in a user equipment (UE) includes: receiving, from a network, information indicating a plurality of geographic sections within a cell; determining a geographic section of the plurality of geographic sections within the cell in which the UE is located; transmitting, to the network, a message including a request for system information for the geographic section, wherein the message is transmitted in a period of time of a plurality of periods of time, wherein each period of time of the plurality of periods of time is associated with a particular geographic section of the plurality of geographic sections within the cell, wherein the period of time corresponds to the geographic section within the cell in which the UE is located; and receiving, from the network, system information for at least the geographic section within the cell in which the UE is located.
A method includes receiving, by a user equipment (UE) from a source network node providing a source cell, a radio resource control (RRC) message including a first early timing advance (eTA) configuration for a neighboring cell and a measurement configuration for a neighboring cell; measuring, by the UE, a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a reference signal of the neighboring cell, a priority of the neighboring cell, and/or a number of the neighboring cell; and transmitting a random access request towards the neighboring cell using the CBRA resource of the first eTA configuration, in response to determining the measured RSRP being above the eTA threshold of the first eTA configuration. The first eTA configuration includes an indication of an eTA threshold and a contention-based random access (CBRA) resource associated with the neighboring cell. The CBRA resource includes PRACH information including a preamble, a RACH occasion, and/or RACH frame timing.
A method includes receiving, by a first user equipment (UE) from a source network node providing a source cell, a broadcast signal including an early timing advance (eTA) configuration for a neighboring cell; measuring, by the first UE, a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a reference signal of the neighboring cell; and transmitting, by the first UE to the source network node, a measurement report including PRACH information. The eTA configuration includes an indication of an eTA threshold, a contention-based random access (CBRA) resource associated with the neighboring cell, a preamble, a priority of a target network node, and a number of nodes to perform eTA associated with the neighboring cell. The PRACH information includes a preamble, a RACH occasion, and a RACH frame timing. The PRACH information is the same as a second UE within a predetermined time period.
A method includes receiving, by a user equipment (UE) from a source network node providing a source cell, a broadcast signal including an early timing advance (eTA) configuration for a neighboring cell; measuring, by the UE, a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a reference signal of the neighboring cell, a priority of the neighboring cell, and/or a number of the neighboring cell to perform eTA; and transmitting a random access request towards the neighboring cell using the CBRA resource, in response to determining the measured RSRP being above the eTA threshold. The eTA configuration includes an indication of an eTA threshold and a contention-based random access (CBRA) resource associated with the neighboring cell. The CBRA resource includes PRACH information including at least one of a preamble, a RACH occasion, or a RACH frame timing.
A terminal device comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device at least to: receive information which provides information relating to allocation of resources across a plurality of time slots; determine, using the information which provides information relating to the allocation of resources, the resources allocated across the plurality of time slots; and communicate data using the determined resources.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relates to the field of telecommunication and in particular to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for more low layer triggered mobility procedure enhancement. The apparatus (i.e., the user device 100) is configured to perform receiving, from a network device, an indication indicative of time duration to keep track of at least one synchronization related to at least one transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state; activating the at least one TCI state during a mobility procedure; and keeping track of the at least one synchronization related to the at least one TCI state based on the time duration.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relates to the field of telecommunication and in particular to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for more low layer triggered mobility procedure enhancement. The apparatus (i.e., the user device 100) activates at least one transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state during a mobility procedure; and transmits, to a network device, an indication indicative of stopping keeping track of at least one of synchronization related to the at least one activated TCI states.
A method performed by a user equipment (UE) is provided. The method includes receiving at least one measurement configuration from a network to perform one or more measurements on one or more carrier frequencies. The method includes making a determination that at least one condition of one or more conditions is fulfilled. And the method includes performing the one or more measurements on the one or more carrier frequencies based on the at least one measurement configuration, including performing the one or more measurements on the at least one carrier frequency triggered by the determination that the at least one condition of the one or more conditions is fulfilled.
A video encoding/decoding computing device, including a processor in communication with a memory device is provided. The processor may be configured to: (i) clustering received input data into one or more clusters; (ii) for at least one of the one or more clusters, selecting one or more aspects of an overfitting process, where the one or more aspects are associated to the at least one of the one or more clusters; and (iii) for at least one of the one or more clusters, overfitting one or more parameters of a neural network using the selected one or more aspects of the overfitting process associated to the at least one of the one or more clusters and using data in the at least one of the one or more clusters. Overfitting of the neural network may be based on one or more outputs of an auxiliary neural network.
There is provided a method performed by a user equipment, UE, the method comprising receiving, from a network entity, channel state information-reference signals, CSI-RS, and determining, based on the CSI-RS, a first value of a parameter associated with CSI. The method further comprises selecting, based on the first value of the parameter associated with CSI, a first configuration related to at least one reference signal, RS, for demodulating at least one physical channel from a plurality of configurations related to at least one RS for demodulating at least one physical channel, wherein each of the plurality configurations is associated with information that is related to the parameter associated with CSI, and transmitting, the network entity, a CSI report comprising an indication of the first configuration.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
H04L 1/00 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
H04L 5/00 - Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
77.
METHOD, APPARATUS AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR A COMMUNICATION NETWORK
There is provided a method performed by a user equipment, UE, the method comprising: receiving, from a network entity, at least one channel state information-reference signal, CSI-RS, and determining a first value of a signal to noise ratio, SNR, based on the CSI-RS The method further comprises obtaining estimated values of a first metric at each of a plurality of different SNR values for each of a plurality of configurations, each of the plurality of configurations being related to at least one RS for demodulating at least one physical channel, and based on the first value of the SNR, selecting a first configuration from the plurality of configurations, wherein the selecting comprises comparing the first value of the SNR with the estimated values of the first metric at each of the plurality of different SNR values that are associated with each of the plurality of configurations. The method further comprises transmitting, the network entity, a CSI report comprising an indication of the first configuration.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to uplink (UL) transmission control. A method comprises determining at least one set of radio frequency requirements corresponding to at least one time period; determining at least one transmission parameter based on the at least one set of radio frequency requirements; and applying, within a time period of the at least one time period, a transmission parameter of the at least one transmission parameter to an uplink transmission to a network device, wherein the applied transmission parameter is determined based on a set of radio frequency requirements, of the at least one set of radio frequency requirements, corresponding to the time period.
H04W 28/18 - Negotiating wireless communication parameters
H04W 52/14 - Separate analysis of uplink or downlink
H04W 52/36 - Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to dynamic downlink rate matching with repetitions A method comprises receiving, from a second apparatus, a configuration for downlink repetition transmission, wherein the configuration indicates whether rate matching or puncturing is to be applied to a subset of downlink repetitions among a set of downlink repetitions; and receiving the set of downlink repetitions from the second apparatus based on the configuration.
An apparatus configured to: receive, from a network node, a request for transmitting resource feedback information associated with at least one device; and transmit, to the network node, the resource feedback information. An apparatus configured to: transmit, to at least one reader, a request for transmitting resource feedback information associated with at least one device; and receive, from the at least one reader, the resource feedback information.
An apparatus configured to: receive, from a network node via higher layer signaling, a request for transmitting resource feedback information associated with at least one device; and transmit, to the network node via the higher layer signaling, the resource feedback information. An apparatus configured to: transmit, to at least one reader via higher layer signaling, a request for transmitting resource feedback information associated with at least one device; and receive, from the at least one reader via the higher layer signaling, the resource feedback information.
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for determination of slot grouping. One method may include determining a size of a slot group; and determining at least one slot group, starting from a reference starting point, based on the size of the slot group.
In some examples, a method for partitioning an area of interest, AOI, for wireless network performance analysis is provided, whereby to enable wireless network service assurance for mission-critical business operations.
H04W 4/021 - Services related to particular areas, e.g. point of interest [POI] services, venue services or geofences
H04L 41/5009 - Determining service level performance parameters or violations of service level contracts, e.g. violations of agreed response time or mean time between failures [MTBF]
H04W 24/02 - Arrangements for optimising operational condition
A method including: obtaining at least one audio stream for a multi-stream audio transmission; obtaining an indication relating to importance of said at least one audio stream in said multi-stream audio transmission; determining, based on at least said indication, an importance value for said at least one audio stream; including said at least one audio stream in payloads of a plurality of RTP packets and said importance value in headers of said RTP packets; and transmitting said at least one audio stream to one or more apparatus participating in said multi-stream audio transmission.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to paging scheme in multi-cell camping. A terminal device receives, from a network device, a multi-cell camping configuration indicative of a plurality of paging configurations for the terminal device to monitor paging occasions from a set of cells. A cell among the set of cells supports at least one of a set of allowed slices of the terminal device. The terminal device camps on at least one cell among the set of cells based on the multi-cell camping configuration. The terminal device receives a paging message associated with an allowed slice among the set of allowed slices from one of the at least one cell based on the multi-cell camping configuration. The cell of the at least one cell supports the allowed slice. In this way, an enhanced paging scheme without homogenous slice support requirements in RA or even in TA may be provided.
Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose devices, methods and apparatuses for multicast broadcast service (MBS). 2024/166036 A terminal device receives, from a serving cell, an MBS configuration of one or more neighbour cells or neighbour frequencies for the terminal device in an inactive state. The terminal device identifies, using the received MBS configuration, at least one type of MBS transmission for one or more MBS services applicable in the one or more neighbour cells or neighbour frequencies. The terminal device performs a mobility related operation based on the at least one type of MBS transmission.
Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose devices, methods and apparatuses for multicast broadcast service (MBS). 2024/166036 A terminal device receives, from a serving cell, an MBS configuration of one or more neighbour cells or neighbour frequencies for the terminal device in an inactive state. The terminal device identifies, using the received MBS configuration, at least one type of MBS transmission for one or more MBS services applicable in the one or more neighbour cells or neighbour frequencies. The terminal device performs a mobility related operation based on the at least one type of MBS transmission.
WO
H04W 4/06 - Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]Services to user groupsOne-way selective calling services
87.
NETWORK ENERGY SAVING MUTING OPERATION WITH APERIODIC CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION AND APERIODIC CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION REPORT
Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for muting operation for network energy saving, involving aperiodic channel state information and aperiodic channel state information reporting are provided. For example, a method can include a user equipment receiving a channel state information reporting configuration from a network, wherein the channel state information reporting configuration indicates a plurality of configurations. The method can also include the user equipment receiving a triggering message from the network. The triggering message can indicate that the user equipment is to measure and report regarding a first configuration of the plurality of configurations and a second configuration of the plurality of configurations. The method also includes measuring a first reference signal and a second reference signal and reporting the measurements.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
H04W 72/232 - Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal the control data signalling from the physical layer, e.g. DCI signalling
88.
MULTICAST AND BROADCAST SERVICES BROADCASTING IN DISAGGREGATED AND SHARED RADIO ACCESS NETWORK DEPLOYMENT
A method may include receiving a first broadcast setup request message. The method may also include receiving a second broadcast setup request message from a second centralized unit network element, managed by another one of the sharing public land mobile networks. The first and second broadcast session setup request messages may correspond to a same broadcast service shared by two of the public land mobile networks sharing the distributed radio access node. The first configuration and the second configuration may be different. A determination may be made as to whether to send a feedback message to the second centralized unit network, and whether the second centralized unit network element can accept at least one of the configurations sent in the feedback message. A final response message is transmitted to the second centralized unit network element indicating a successful or failed setup.
A user equipment for connecting towards a Radio Access Network, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instruction which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment at least to: establish a connection with a first network node that supports at least one of the distributed unit functionality or a Layer (2) protocol of the Radio Access Network via a first cell supported by the first network node; receive, from the Radio Access Network, a configuration message to perform Layer (1) measurements for at least one candidate target cell with which the user equipment may connect, and an indication to enable identification of at least one specific candidate target cell for which a Layer (1) measurement shall be included in at least one of the associated Layer (1) measurements reports; perform the configured Layer (1) measurements and evaluate for which candidate cell a respective Layer (1) measurement is to be included in a respective Layer (1) measurement report based on the at least one indicated specific candidate target cell; and generate and transmit the respective Layer (1) measurement report towards the first network node.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systemsMulti-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus having at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to transmit, to a source cell, an indication of a capability of the apparatus to maintain downlink synchronization with at least one candidate cell, wherein the indication of the capability of the apparatus comprises a number of the at least one candidate cell with which the apparatus is able to maintain downlink synchronization, or a number of at least one beam with which the apparatus is able to maintain downlink synchronization, and select the at least one candidate cell for the apparatus to maintain downlink synchronization.
There is disclosed an apparatus comprising: means for storing a cell configuration for use when the apparatus is in an active mode; means for sending one or more cell measurements of a cell associated with the stored cell configuration to a network node; and means for, once the cell measurements have been sent, activating the stored cell configuration at the apparatus while the apparatus is in the active mode or is entering the active mode.
According to various, but not necessarily all, examples an apparatus includes circuitry for: causing recording of a first scene over a first time period using a limited field of view as a first video; causing recording of the first scene using an expanded field of view at least at a one terminal portion of the first time period; producing a composite video including the first video, an independently recorded second video, and a transition between the first and second videos; and automatically generating the transition, wherein the transition includes a sequence of video frames representing a sequence of different views of the first scene within the expanded field of view, wherein the video frames representing different views of the first scene are generated from the recording made of the first scene using the expanded field of view.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to protecting Radio Resource Control (RRC) communications. A method comprises transmitting, to a second apparatus, a Radio Resource Control, RRC, initialization request, the request comprising an indication of supporting Access Stratum, AS, security during a RRC connection initialization; receiving, from the second apparatus, a response to the request, the response comprising at least a certificate that is obtained based on a primary trust entity; and transmitting, to the second apparatus, an encrypted RRC connection message in response to a successful verification of authenticity of the certificate.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to message protection in a random access procedure. In a method, information indicative of a setup of a first security key for message protection in a random access procedure is received. The first security key is at least generated based on a temporary key. A second security key for message protection in the random access procedure is generated at least based on the temporary key. At least one first message associated with the random access procedure and protected with the second security key is transmitted.
A method in a user equipment (UE) includes: accessing a first beam of a plurality of beams transmitted by a network, where the first beam corresponds to a geographic section of a plurality of geographic sections within a cell in which the UE is located; transmitting, to the network using the first beam, a message including a request for system information for the geographic section, wherein usage of the first beam indicates the geographic section within the cell in which the UE is located; and receiving, from the network, system information for at least the geographic section within the cell in which the UE is located.
A method includes transmitting, from a user equipment (UE) to a source network node providing a source cell, a message including a measurement report related to a neighboring cell; receiving, by the UE from the source network node providing the source cell, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order to send an early timing advance (eTA) request to the neighboring cell; and transmitting, by the UE, a contention-based random access (CBRA) eTA request to the neighboring cell. The PDCCH order includes a priority of the neighboring cell and/or a number of the neighboring cell.
A method includes: receiving, by a first user equipment (UE) from a source network node, a broadcast signal including an early timing advance (eTA) configuration for a neighboring cell; measuring, by the first UE, a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a reference signal of the neighboring cell; and transmitting, by the first UE to the target network node, a CBRA based RACH request for eTA acquisition prior to the target network node starting an eTA requirement report timer. The eTA configuration includes an indication of an eTA threshold, a contention- based random access (CBRA) resource associated with the neighboring cell, a preamble, a priority of a target network node, and a number of nodes to perform eTA. The target network node is configured to expect the UEs to report measurement results with PRACH information used to send eTA RACH requirements prior to an expiry of the eTA requirement report timer.
A method performed by a user equipment (UE) is provided. The method includes receiving at least one measurement configuration from a network to perform one or more measurements on one or more carrier frequencies. The method includes receiving an indication from the network that indicates whether the one or more measurements on at least one carrier frequency of the one or more carrier frequencies are to be performed, or performed based on one or more conditions. And the method includes performing the one or more measurements on the one or more carrier frequencies based on the at least one measurement configuration, including perform the one or more measurements on the at least one carrier frequency further based on the indication from the network.
Embodiments of the present disclosure relates to the field of telecommunication and in particular to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for more low layer triggered mobility procedure enhancement. The apparatus (i.e., the user device 100) transmits capability information related to a mobility procedure to the network device 104. The capability information is indicative of a time duration on which the apparatus is able to keep track of at least one of synchronization related to at least one activated transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state.
Example embodiments of the disclosure relate to apparatuses, methods, and computer readable storage medium for advanced requirement accessibility for cellular systems. In a solution, a first apparatus determines one or more sets of frequency domain radio resource allocations from a database comprising a plurality of sets of frequency domain radio resource allocations for carrier aggregation or dual connectivity. The one or more sets of frequency domain radio resource allocations are associated with a first version of the database. The first apparatus determines updating information for a capability of the first apparatus based on the one or more sets of frequency domain radio resource allocations. The updating information indicates support of the first apparatus for each of the one or more sets of frequency domain radio resource allocations.
