A regenerative selective logarithmic detector amplifier (LDA) can have integrated FM demodulation capabilities. It can receive a wired or wireless FM modulated signal and amplify or demodulate it with high sensitivity, high skirt ratio and minimized noise when compared to the prior art. When used in conjunction with other circuits such as a PLL or mixer, it can improve interference rejection and frequency selectivity and be locked on a precise channel in frequency and phase. The LDA produces intermittent oscillations that are self-quenched when reaching a given threshold. It also embeds the circuitry to perform direct FM discrimination. FM demodulation process is completed by a simple analog or digital frequency to voltage converter. This plus the fact that the instantaneous regeneration gain is low-medium permit to detect signals of small amplitudes buried in the noise.
H04W 52/52 - Transmission power control [TPC] using AGC [Automatic Gain Control] circuits or amplifiers
H03D 1/18 - Demodulation of amplitude-modulated oscillations by means of non-linear elements having more than two poles of semiconductor devices
H03D 3/00 - Demodulation of angle-modulated oscillations
H03D 11/04 - Super-regenerative demodulator circuits for amplitude-modulated oscillations by means of semiconductor devices having more than two electrodes
G06G 7/24 - Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. amplifiers specially adapted therefor for evaluating logarithmic or exponential functions, e.g. hyperbolic functions
H03D 11/08 - Super-regenerative demodulator circuits for angle-modulated oscillations by means of semiconductor devices having more than two electrodes
H04B 1/26 - Circuits for superheterodyne receivers
H04L 7/033 - Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal- generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop
A logarithmic detector amplifying (LDA) system is provided for use as a high sensitivity receive booster or replacement for a low noise amplifier in a receive chain of a communication device. The LDA system includes an amplifying circuit configured to receive an input signal having a first frequency and generate an oscillation based on the input signal, a sampling circuit coupled to the amplifying circuit and configured to terminate the oscillation based on a predetermined threshold to periodically clamp and restart the oscillation to generate a series of pulses modulated by the oscillation and by the input signal, and one or more metamaterial (“MTM”) resonant circuits coupled in shunt with an RF path that couples the amplifying circuit in series and configured to establish a frequency of operation and a phase response to output a signal having RF frequencies with a ultra-wide bandwidth.
A logarithmic amplifier (LDA) is described that includes an amplifier configured to oscillate a modulated input signal, a feedback establishing a 180 degree phase shift between the amplifier input and the output and maintaining oscillation of the input signal, a parallel resonant circuit connected to the amplifier output causing the amplifier to resonate at or around a center frequency, and a controller connected to the amplifier input cyclically terminating oscillation of the input signal each time a pre-determined threshold of current is detected, the controller including a low pass filter configured to generate a second output signal having a repetition frequency. The LDA may be used for AM with or without a PLL and/or a superhetrodyne. The LDA may be implemented as a mixer and used for phase demodulation. The LDA may be used for phase demodulation. The LDA may be used in place of a low noise amplifier.
H03D 11/08 - Super-regenerative demodulator circuits for angle-modulated oscillations by means of semiconductor devices having more than two electrodes
H01P 5/19 - Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
H03D 1/08 - Demodulation of amplitude-modulated oscillations by means of non-linear two-pole elements
H03D 11/04 - Super-regenerative demodulator circuits for amplitude-modulated oscillations by means of semiconductor devices having more than two electrodes
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
H03D 1/18 - Demodulation of amplitude-modulated oscillations by means of non-linear elements having more than two poles of semiconductor devices
H03D 7/02 - Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by means of diodes
H03D 7/12 - Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by means of semiconductor devices having more than two electrodes
An antenna system is provided, including a first antenna, a second antenna, a ground plane, and a resonant isolator coupled to the first and second antennas. Each of the antennas is configured to be a capacitively-coupled compound loop antenna, and the resonant isolator is configured to provide isolation between the two antennas at resonance. The two antennas may be symmetrical or asymmetrical and include a first element that emits a magnetic field and a second element that generates an electrical field that is orthogonal to the magnetic field. The radiating element of the second element may be capacitively coupled to the remainder of the second element. The resonate isolator may be comprised of a single conductive element or two conductive elements that are capacitively coupled.
H01Q 21/30 - Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
H01Q 21/28 - Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
H01Q 9/30 - Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
H01Q 9/42 - Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
5.
Logarithmic amplifier with universal demodulation capabilities
A logarithmic amplifier (LDA) is described that includes an amplifier configured to oscillate a modulated input signal, a feedback establishing a 180 degree phase shift between the amplifier input and the output and maintaining oscillation of the input signal, a parallel resonant circuit connected to the amplifier output causing the amplifier to resonate at or around a center frequency, and a controller connected to the amplifier input cyclically terminating oscillation of the input signal each time a pre-determined threshold of current is detected, the controller including a low pass filter configured to generate a second output signal having a repetition frequency. The LDA may be used for AM with or without a PLL and/or a superheterodyne. The LDA may be implemented as a mixer and used for phase demodulation. The LDA may be used for phase demodulation. The LDA may be used in place of a low noise amplifier.
H03D 11/04 - Super-regenerative demodulator circuits for amplitude-modulated oscillations by means of semiconductor devices having more than two electrodes
H03D 11/08 - Super-regenerative demodulator circuits for angle-modulated oscillations by means of semiconductor devices having more than two electrodes
H03F 1/08 - Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements
H03D 1/08 - Demodulation of amplitude-modulated oscillations by means of non-linear two-pole elements
H01P 5/19 - Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port of the junction type
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
H03D 1/18 - Demodulation of amplitude-modulated oscillations by means of non-linear elements having more than two poles of semiconductor devices
H03D 7/02 - Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by means of diodes
H03D 7/12 - Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing by means of semiconductor devices having more than two electrodes
An antenna system is provided, including a first antenna, a second antenna, a ground plane, and a resonant isolator coupled to the first and second antennas. Each of the antennas is configured to be a capacitively-coupled compound loop antenna, and the resonant isolator is configured to provide isolation between the two antennas at resonance. The two antennas may be symmetrical or asymmetrical and include a first element that emits a magnetic field and a second element that generates an electrical field that is orthogonal to the magnetic field. The radiating element of the second element may be capacitively coupled to the remainder of the second element. The resonate isolator may be comprised of a single conductive element or two conductive elements that are capacitively coupled.
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
H01Q 21/30 - Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
7.
Compound coupling to re-radiating antenna solution
Source radio frequency energy (RF) is coupled wirelessly, with no direct physical contact, between two compound loop (CPL) antennas across a variety of barriers such as plastic, human tissues, glass, and air. The compound coupling interface is highly efficient in transferring the RF energy from a source including one CPL antenna to a destination including a second CPL antenna. A re-radiating structure including a further CPL antenna or a different type of antenna may be connected on the destination side to completely physically isolate the source side from the destination side. When the destination coupling antenna is removed, the source coupling antenna may operate as an efficient radiator at the desired operating frequencies. Likewise, the destination coupling antenna may operate as an efficient radiator in the absence of the source coupling antenna.
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
H01Q 1/22 - SupportsMounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
A three-dimensional compound loop antenna is provided, including a ground plane, a pair of horizontal conductive portions substantially horizontal relative to the ground plane, a feed line substantially vertical relative to the ground plane, and a vertical conductive portion coupling the pair of horizontal conductive portions to the ground plane.
H01Q 3/44 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
9.
WIRELESS COUPLING FOR RF CALIBRATION AND TESTING OF WIRELESS TRANSMITTERS AND RECEIVERS
A wireless coupling method is suitable for use in calibration and testing of a radiofrequency device under test (DUT). The DUT includes a printed circuit board having one or more integral antennas. The wireless coupling method comprises the use of a test fixture to position the DUT a prescribed distance from a reference unit comprising a second printed circuit board with one or more similar integral antenna(s). Each antenna of the reference unit is aligned optimally to a corresponding antenna of the DUT for transmitting or receiving RF signals in one or more frequency channels in accordance with a test procedure script. Test equipment is coupled to the antennas and is used for measuring or generating each test of the test procedure and saving the measurements in memory.
A three-dimensional compound loop antenna is provided, including a ground plane, a pair of horizontal conductive portions substantially horizontal relative to the ground plane, a feed line substantially vertical relative to the ground plane, and a vertical conductive portion coupling the pair of horizontal conductive portions to the ground plane.
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
H01Q 9/28 - Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze or like elements having an extended radiating surface Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
H01Q 9/42 - Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
H01Q 1/22 - SupportsMounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
11.
LOGARITHMIC DETECTOR AMPLIFIER SYSTEM FOR USE AS HIGH SENSITIVITY SELECTIVE RECEIVER WITHOUT FREQUENCY CONVERSION
A logarithmic detector amplifying (LDA) system is provided for use as a high sensitivity receive booster or replacement for a low noise amplifier in a receive chain of a communication device, The LDA system includes an amplifying circuit configured to receive an input signal having a first frequency and generate an oscillation based on the input signal, a sampling circuit coupled to the amplifying circuit and configured to terminate the oscillation based on a predetermined threshold to periodically clamp and restart the oscillation to generate a series of pulses modulated by the oscillation and by the input signal, and one or more resonant circuits coupled with the amplifying circuit and configured to establish a frequency of operation arid to generate an output signal having a second frequency, the second frequency being substantially the same as the first frequency.
G06G 7/24 - Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. amplifiers specially adapted therefor for evaluating logarithmic or exponential functions, e.g. hyperbolic functions
12.
Logarithmic detector amplifier system for use as high sensitivity selective receiver without frequency conversion
A logarithmic detector amplifying (LDA) system is provided for use as a high sensitivity receive booster or replacement for a low noise amplifier in a receive chain of a communication device. The LDA system includes an amplifying circuit configured to receive an input signal having a first frequency and generate an oscillation based on the input signal, a sampling circuit coupled to the amplifying circuit and configured to terminate the oscillation based on a predetermined threshold to periodically clamp and restart the oscillation to generate a series of pulses modulated by the oscillation and by the input signal, and one or more resonant circuits coupled with the amplifying circuit and configured to establish a frequency of operation and to generate an output signal having a second frequency, the second frequency being substantially the same as the first frequency.
Logarithmic Detector Amplifiers (LDAs), multiple antennas, active antennas, and multiple active antennas and receivers are provided in a variety of configurations that are synchronized to reduce or eliminate interference so at to provide, a greater range and bandwidth between wireless routers and their clients in WLAN and WAN environments.
H04B 1/18 - Input circuits, e.g. for coupling to an antenna or a transmission line
H04B 1/525 - Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa with means for reducing leakage of transmitter signal into the receiver
H01Q 3/24 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
H01Q 3/36 - Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elementsArrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the phase by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
H01Q 9/42 - Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
H01Q 21/28 - Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
14.
Adaptive line equalizer for improving data communication over less than perfect power lines or transmission lines
Systems and methods for improving data communication over less than perfect power lines or transmission lines are described. The systems and methods allow for pushing out electrically any null within a frequency range of interest and/or for lossless transmission by providing impedance matching between communication devices and the transmission line. This is achieved by implementing line equalizing modules within the transceivers, at the transmitter side and/or the receiver side, or by plugging, as a stand-alone module, into an electrical outlet within a building. The line equalizing module includes multiple inductor-capacitor cells coupled in cascade where multiple switches allow for selective and concurrent connection between the inductor-capacitor cells. In another embodiment, the line equalizing module includes variable inductor-capacitor cells. The line equalizing module provides a variable propagation delay that allows for stretching electrically the transmission line. Further improvement may achieve by adjusting the operational frequency using an up-conversion or down-conversion operation.
Are N-way radio frequency (RF) divider/combiner is formed as a combination including an input port electrically coupled to a first 2-way divider/combiner and a second 2-way divider/combiner. An antenna may be coupled to at least one port of the N-way divider. The antenna may be formed as a compound! printed loop (CPL) antenna. The N-way RF divider/combiner may be configured to provide N inputs and M output ports, wherein N and M are integers and any of the M output ports and N input ports can be connected to any combinations of devices. Such devices may include, e.g., an antenna including but not limited to a CPL antenna, RF receive port, transmit port, amplifier, RF switch, low noise amplifier (LNA), oscillator, tuning circuit, matching circuit, lumped element circuit, active circuit, diode, adjustable inductive circuit, and adjustable capacitive circuit.
A regenerative selective logarithmic detector amplifier (LDA) can have integrated FM demodulation capabilities. It can receive a wired or wireless FM modulated signal and amplify or demodulate it with high sensitivity, high skirt ratio and minimized noise when compared to the prior art When used in conjunction with other circuits such as a PLL or mixer, it can improve interference rejection and frequency selectivity and be locked on a precise channel in frequency and phase. The LDA produces intermittent oscillations that are self-quenched when reaching a given threshold. It also embeds the circuitry to perform direct FM discrimination. FM demodulation process is completed by a simple analog or digital frequency to voltage converter. This plus the fact that the Instantaneous regeneration gain is low-medium permit to detect signals of small amplitudes buried in the noise.
Logarithmic Detector Amplifiers (LDAs), multiple antennas, active antennas, and multiple active antennas and receivers are provided in a variety of configurations that are synchronized to reduce or eliminate interference so at to provide, a greater range and bandwidth between wireless renters and their clients in WLAN and WAN environments.
A regenerative selective logarithmic detector amplifier (LDA) can have integrated FM demodulation capabilities. It can receive a wired or wireless FM modulated signal and amplify or demodulate it with high sensitivity, high skirt ratio and minimized noise when compared to the prior art. When used in conjunction with other circuits such as a PLL or mixer, it can improve interference rejection and frequency selectivity and be locked on a precise channel in frequency and phase. The LDA produces intermittent oscillations that are self-quenched when reaching a given threshold. It also embeds the circuitry to perform direct FM discrimination. FM demodulation process is completed by a simple analog or digital frequency to voltage converter. This plus the fact that the instantaneous regeneration gain is low-medium permit to detect signals of small amplitudes buried in the noise.
G06G 7/24 - Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. amplifiers specially adapted therefor for evaluating logarithmic or exponential functions, e.g. hyperbolic functions
H03D 1/18 - Demodulation of amplitude-modulated oscillations by means of non-linear elements having more than two poles of semiconductor devices
H03D 3/00 - Demodulation of angle-modulated oscillations
H03D 11/04 - Super-regenerative demodulator circuits for amplitude-modulated oscillations by means of semiconductor devices having more than two electrodes
H03D 11/08 - Super-regenerative demodulator circuits for angle-modulated oscillations by means of semiconductor devices having more than two electrodes
19.
LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER WITH UNIVERSAL DEMODULATION CAPABILITIES
A logarithmic amplifier (LDA) is described that includes an amplifier configured to oscillate a modulated input signal, a feedback establishing a 180 degree phase shift between the amplifier input and the output and maintaining oscillation of the input signal, a parallel resonant circuit connected to the amplifier output causing the amplifier to resonate at or around a center frequency, and a controller connected to the amplifier input cyclically terminating oscillation of the input signal each time a pre-determined threshold of current is detected, the controller including a low pass filter configured to generate a second output signal having a repetition frequency. The LDA may be used for AM with or without a PLL and/or a superrsetiodyne. The LDA may be implemented as a mixer and used for phase demodulation. The LDA may be used for phase demodulation. The LDA may be used in place of a low noise amplifier.
A low noise detection system is disclosed in which a modulator located in a transmitter or a receiver is configured to convert a voltage data signal to a frequency signal, to modulate a baseband signal with the voltage data, and to output the modulated data signal. The receiver further includes a log detection amplifier configured to receive the modulated data signal and to regeneratively demodulate the modulated data signal to extract the data in an amplified analog data signal while not significantly amplifying any noise in the modulated data signal. The receiver further includes a digital conversion circuit for converting the amplified analog signal into a digital data signal.
An in-medium monitoring system for monitoring material carried within a pipe. The system includes an acoustic device installed within the pipe that generates voltage signals indicative of changes in the material, such as flow rate or leaks, a hardware unit that includes a detector module and a communication module, a switch for switching the voltage signals to and communication signals from the hardware unit. The hardware unit and a power source are attached to the pipe. The acoustic device may be detector or a sensor. The communication module may communicate date through the sensor in the medium or outside of the pipe to a fixed network. The hardware unit may include a log detection amplifier for generating an amplified pulsed output signal without voltage gain and without significantly adding noise.
G01M 3/24 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations
22.
Low noise detection system using log detector amplifier
A low noise detection system is disclosed in which a modulator located in a transmitter or a receiver is configured to convert a voltage data signal to a frequency signal, to modulate a baseband signal with the voltage data, and to output the modulated data signal. The receiver further includes a log detection amplifier configured to receive the modulated data signal and to regeneratively demodulate the modulated data signal to extract the data in an amplified analog data signal while not significantly amplifying any noise in the modulated data signal. The receiver further includes a digital conversion circuit for converting the amplified analog signal into a digital data signal.
H04B 1/10 - Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
G01F 1/66 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
G01M 3/00 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures
H03D 3/00 - Demodulation of angle-modulated oscillations
H04Q 9/00 - Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
G01M 3/24 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations
23.
Medium communication system using log detector amplifier
An in-medium monitoring system for monitoring material carried within a pipe. The system includes an acoustic device installed within the pipe that generates voltage signals indicative of changes in the material, such as flow rate or leaks, a hardware unit that includes a detector module and a communication module, a switch for switching the voltage signals to and communication signals from the hardware unit. The hardware unit and a power source are attached to the pipe. The acoustic device may be detector or a sensor. The communication module may communicate date through the sensor in the medium or outside of the pipe to a fixed network. The hardware unit may include a log detection amplifier for generating an amplified pulsed output signal without voltage gain and without significantly adding noise.
G01F 1/66 - Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
G01M 3/24 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations
H04B 1/10 - Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
G01M 3/00 - Investigating fluid tightness of structures
H03D 3/00 - Demodulation of angle-modulated oscillations
H04Q 9/00 - Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
Embodiments provide single-sided and multi-layered circular polarized, self-contained, compound loop antennas (circular polarized CPL). Embodiments of the CPL antennas produce circular polarized signals by using two electric field radiators physically oriented orthogonal to each other, and by ensuring that the two electric field radiators are positioned such that an electrical delay between the two electric field radiators results in the two electric field radiators emitting their respective electric fields out of phase. Ensuring the proper electrical delay between the two electric field radiators also maintains high efficiency of the antenna and it improves the axial ratio of the antenna.
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
H01Q 9/26 - Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
H01Q 9/30 - Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
H01Q 9/38 - Vertical arrangement of element with counterpoise
A compound loop antenna (CPL) is described that includes a capacitively fed magnetic loop and/or a capacitively fed electric field radiator. Embodiments include single-band CPL antennas and multi-band CPL antennas. The CPL antennas have been reduced in physical size by capacitively feeding the loop and/or radiator. The embodiments include at least one e-field radiation element that is capacitively coupled or not capacitively coupled, at least one magnetic loop element that is capacitively coupled. A continuation of the magnetic loop may be continued with either a wire or a connection to a second layer.
H01Q 5/00 - Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
H01Q 9/30 - Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
H01Q 21/29 - Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
A compound loop antenna (CPL) is described that includes a capacitively fed magnetic loop and/or a capacitively fed electric field radiator. Embodiments include single-band CPL antennas and multi-band CPL antennas. The CPL antennas have been reduced in physical size by capacitively feeding the loop and/or radiator. The embodiments include at least one e-field radiation element that is capacitively coupled or not capacitively coupled, at least one magnetic loop element that is capacitively coupled. A continuation of the magnetic loop may be continued with either a wire or a connection to a second layer.
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
H01Q 9/30 - Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
H01Q 21/29 - Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
H01Q 5/00 - Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
H01Q 5/35 - Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using two or more simultaneously fed points
Embodiments provide multi-band, compound loop antennas (multi-band antennas). Embodiments of the multi-band antennas produce signals at two or more frequency bands, with the two or more frequency bands capable of being adjusted and tuned independently of each other. Embodiments of a multi-band antenna are comprised of at least one electric field radiator and at least one monopole formed out of the magnetic loop. At a particular frequency, the at least one electric field radiator in combination with various portions of the magnetic loop resonate and radiate an electric field at a first frequency band. At yet another particular frequency, the at least one monopole in combination with various portions of the magnetic loop resonate and radiate an electric field at a second frequency band. The shape of the magnetic loop can be tuned to increase the radiation efficiency at particular frequency bands and enable the multi-band operation of antenna embodiments.
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
Embodiments provide multi-band, compound loop antennas (multi-band antennas). Embodiments of the multi-band antennas produce signals at two or more frequency bands, with the two or more frequency bands capable of being adjusted and tuned independently of each other. Embodiments of a multi-band antenna are comprised of at least one electric field radiator and at least one monopole formed out of the magnetic loop. At a particular frequency, the at least one electric field radiator in combination with various portions of the magnetic loop resonate and radiate an electric field at a first frequency band. At yet another particular frequency, the at least one monopole in combination with various portions of the magnetic loop resonate and radiate an electric field at a second frequency band. The shape of the magnetic loop can be tuned to increase the radiation efficiency at particular frequency bands and enable the multi-band operation of antenna embodiments.
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
Embodiments provide multi-band, compound loop antennas (multi-band antennas). Embodiments of the multi-band antennas produce signals at two or more frequency bands, with the two or more frequency bands capable of being adjusted and tuned independently of each other. Embodiments of a multi-band antenna are comprised of at least one electric field radiator and at least one monopole formed out of the magnetic loop. At a particular frequency, the at least one electric field radiator in combination with various portions of the magnetic loop resonate and radiate an electric field at a first frequency band. At yet another particular frequency, the at least one monopole in combination with various portions of the magnetic loop resonate and radiate an electric field at a second frequency band. The shape of the magnetic loop can be tuned to increase the radiation efficiency at particular frequency bands and enable the multi-band operation of antenna embodiments.
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
30.
Multi-layered multi-band antenna with parasitic radiator
Embodiments provide multi-band, compound loop antennas (multi-band antennas). Embodiments of the multi-band antennas produce signals at two or more frequency bands, with the two or more frequency bands capable of being adjusted and tuned independently of each other. Embodiments of a multi-band antenna are comprised of at least one electric field radiator and at least one monopole formed out of the magnetic loop. At a particular frequency, the at least one electric field radiator in combination with various portions of the magnetic loop resonate and radiate an electric field at a first frequency band. At yet another particular frequency, the at least one monopole in combination with various portions of the magnetic loop resonate and radiate an electric field at a second frequency band. The shape of the magnetic loop can be tuned to increase the radiation efficiency at particular frequency bands and enable the multi-band operation of antenna embodiments.
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
Embodiments provide multi-band, compound loop antennas (multi-band antennas). Embodiments of the multi-band antennas produce signals at two or more frequency bands, with the two or more frequency bands capable of being adjusted and tuned independently of each other. Embodiments of a multi-band antenna are comprised of at least one electric field radiator and at least one monopole formed out of the magnetic loop. At a particular frequency, the at least one electric field radiator in combination with various portions of the magnetic loop resonate and radiate an electric field at a first frequency band. At yet another particular frequency, the at least one monopole in combination with various portions of the magnetic loop resonate and radiate an electric field at a second frequency band. The shape of the magnetic loop can be tuned to increase the radiation efficiency at particular frequency bands and enable the multi-band operation of antenna embodiments.
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
Embodiments provide single-sided and multi-layered circular polarized, self-contained, compound loop antennas (circular polarized CPL). Embodiments of the CPL antennas produce circular polarized signals by using two electric field radiators physically oriented orthogonal to each other, and by ensuring that the two electric field radiators are positioned such that an electrical delay between the two electric field radiators results in the two electric field radiators emitting their respective electric fields out of phase. Ensuring the proper electrical delay between the two electric field radiators also maintains high efficiency of the antenna and it improves the axial ratio of the antenna.
Embodiments provide single-sided and multi-layered circular polarized, self-contained, compound loop antennas (circular polarized CPL). Embodiments of the CPL antennas produce circular polarized signals by using two electric field radiators physically oriented orthogonal to each other, and by ensuring that the two electric field radiators are positioned such that an electrical delay between the two electric field radiators results in the two electric field radiators emitting their respective electric fields out of phase. Ensuring the proper electrical delay between the two electric field radiators also maintains high efficiency of the antenna and it improves the axial ratio of the antenna.
H01Q 19/00 - Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
Embodiments are directed to an antenna builder and a method of building and maintaining an antenna design repository. A first embodiment consists of an antenna builder that enables the creation of an antenna representation that can subsequently be output into a plurality of formats to be used by other tools, such as electromagnetic simulation software. An alternative embodiment is directed to a method of building and maintaining a repository of antenna designs. The repository of antenna designs can be queried, enabling a plurality of users to search for specific antenna designs. Alternative embodiments can enable a user to search the repository antenna designs by visually browsing over the antenna designs in the repository. The repository of antenna designs is created by saving solutions generated by an optimizer during an optimization run to the repository. Solutions from the repository can also be used to seed and bootstrap other optimization runs.
Embodiments are directed to an antenna builder and a method of building and maintaining an antenna design repository. A first embodiment consists of an antenna builder that enables the creation of an antenna representation that can subsequently be output into a plurality of formats to be used by other tools, such as electromagnetic simulation software. An alternative embodiment is directed to a method of building and maintaining a repository of antenna designs. The repository of antenna designs can be queried, enabling a plurality of users to search for specific antenna designs. Alternative embodiments can enable a user to search the repository antenna designs by visually browsing over the antenna designs in the repository. The repository of antenna designs is created by saving solutions generated by an optimizer during an optimization run to the repository. Solutions from the repository can also be used to seed and bootstrap other optimization runs.
Embodiments are directed to an antenna builder and a method of building and maintaining an antenna design repository. A first embodiment consists of an antenna builder that enables the creation of an antenna representation that can subsequently be output into a plurality of formats to be used by other tools, such as electromagnetic simulation software. An alternative embodiment is directed to a method of building and maintaining a repository of antenna designs. The repository of antenna designs can be queried, enabling a plurality of users to search for specific antenna designs. Alternative embodiments can enable a user to search the repository antenna designs by visually browsing over the antenna designs in the repository. The repository of antenna designs is created by saving solutions generated by an optimizer during an optimization run to the repository. Solutions from the repository can also be used to seed and bootstrap other optimization runs.
Embodiments relate to planar (double-sided) and printed (single-sided) compound field antennas. Improvements relate particularly, but not exclusively, to compound loop antennas having coplanar electric field radiators and magnetic loops with electric fields orthogonal to magnetic fields that achieve performance benefits in higher bandwidth (lower Q), greater radiation intensity/power/gain, and greater efficiency. Further embodiments relate to a self-contained counterpoise compound field antenna including a transition formed on the magnetic loop and having a transition width greater than the width of the magnetic loop. The transition substantially isolates a counterpoise formed on the magnetic loop opposite or adjacent to the electric field radiator.
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
H01Q 9/30 - Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
H01Q 9/42 - Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
H01Q 21/28 - Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
H01Q 21/29 - Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
H01Q 21/30 - Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
Embodiments are directed to a RF combiner/splitter having a first port separated from a second port and a third port by a generally tapering microstrip section. The second and third ports are separated by a generally rectangular bridge bar having a width selected to match the impedance of devices to be connected to the second and third ports and a length selected to provide a separation between the second and third ports of approximately quarter wavelength at a center point of an operational frequency of the devices. In a first embodiment, a horizontal RF choke joint is positioned between the first port and the tapering section. In a second embodiment, one choke joint is positioned between the second port and the bridge bar and a second choke joint is positioned between the third port and the bridge bar.
Disclosed is a radio-frequency divider comprising: an input port; and two output ports, separated by a bridge bar, wherein the divider is arranged in microstrip form and the microstrip structure takes the form of a generally tapering section connecting the input port to the bridge bar such that the input port is positioned at the relatively thinner end of the tapering section and the bridge bar is positioned at the relatively wider end of the tapering section. Also disclosed is a corresponding method. The divider is able to operate equally as a combiner.
The present invention relates to printed or single-sided compound field antennas. The single-sided compound loop antennas have coplanar electric field radiators and magnetic loops with electric fields orthogonal to magnetic fields that achieve performance benefits in higher bandwidth (lower Q), greater radiation intensity/power/gain, and greater efficiency.
The present invention relates to a self-contained counterpoise compound field antenna. Improvements relate particularly, but not exclusively, to compound loop antennas having coplanar electric field radiators and magnetic loops with electric fields orthogonal to magnetic fields that achieve performance benefits in higher bandwidth (lower Q), greater radiation intensity/power/gain, and greater efficiency. Embodiments of the self-contained antenna include a transition formed on the magnetic loop and having a transition width greater than the width of the magnetic loop. The transition substantially isolates a counterpoise formed on the magnetic loop opposite or adjacent the electric field radiator.
The present invention relates to planar compound field antennas. Improvements relate particularly, but not exclusively, to compound loop antennas having coplanar electric field radiators and magnetic loops with electric fields orthogonal to magnetic fields that achieve performance benefits in higher bandwidth (lower Q), greater radiation intensity/power/gain, and greater efficiency.
H01Q 7/00 - Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
Disclosed is an antenna comprising a loop element (10) and an Electric-field radiator (30), wherein the E-field radiator is electrically coupled to the loop element such that at the frequency of operation, there is a substantially 90 degree phase difference between the Electric and Magnetic fields produced by the antenna.
Disclosed is a logarithmic detector comprising: an amplifier element; means for setting a frequency of operation of the detector; and a controller, wherein an input signal to the amplifier element is arranged to cause an oscillation in the amplifier element, and the controller is operable to sense a pre-determined threshold, indicative of oscillation and, in response to sensing said threshold, to interrupt the oscillation of the amplifier such that the frequency of said interruption is proportional to the logarithm of the power of the input signal.
G01R 19/00 - Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
H03B 5/00 - Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
H03B 5/08 - Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
H03D 1/00 - Demodulation of amplitude-modulated oscillations
H03D 3/00 - Demodulation of angle-modulated oscillations
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